Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle changes, control of risk factors, and appropriate glucose-lowering therapy may prevent disease progression and the development of undesirable cardiovascular events. Therefore, current strategies and effective current therapies are needed to diagnose, treat and prevent complications of this disease. In this review we planned to discuss the newly updated guidelines for diabetes and cardiovascular disease in 2019.

In DAPA HF trial, In this phase 3, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 4744 patients with New York Heart Association class II, III, or IV heart failure and an ejection fraction of 40% or less to receive either dapagliflozin (at a dose of 10 mg once daily) or placebo, in addition to recommended therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of worsening heart failure (hospitalization or an urgent visit resulting in intravenous therapy for heart failure) or cardiovascular death. Over a median of 18.2 months, the primary outcome occurred in 386 of 2373 patients (16.3%) in the dapagliflozin group and in 502 of 2371 patients (21.2%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.85; P<0.001). A first worsening heart failure event occurred in 237 patients (10.0%) in the dapagliflozin group and in 326 patients (13.7%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.83). Death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 227 patients (9.6%) in the dapagliflozin group and in 273 patients (11.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.98); 276 patients (11.6%) and 329 patients (13.9%), respectively, died from any cause (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.97).

In 2019, new guidelines on arrhythmia, coronary syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and pulmonary embolism were published. Innovations and changes in these areas will already affect the practice of cardiologists in 2020. In this article we aimed to focus on these changes and innovations with main lines in diabetes mellitus and hiperlipidemia.

More than 14 million people worldwide, mostly within the age range of 15 to 64 years, consume cocaine. Men of 15–35 years represent the majority.

Energy drinks are generally consumed by young people to increase athletic performance and concentration. Energy drinks contain high concentrations of caffeine, sugar, vitamin B complex, taurine, ginseng and guarana. There are not enough studies on these stimulants but past case-reports and small studies about energy drinks have been associated with cardiovascular complications. Especially with the use of alcohol or abuse drugs increase their undesirable effects and it may lead to cardiac morbidity and mortality. In this review, we aimed to focus on the effects and complications of energy drinks on the cardiovascular system.