Development in medicine in large scale merits the development of bio mechanical and biomedical engineering. This highly concerns with the medical rehabilitation, which according to the modern understanding is the interdisciplinary management aiming at recovering or improving efficiency

otal joint arthroplasty (TJA) has excellent outcomes in the majority of patients. However, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains one of the most frequent and devastating complications. To minimize this risk, orthopaedic surgeons have implemented a host of prophylactic modalities including high flow ventilation systems, perioperative antibiotics, and intraoperative antiseptic agents, all with varying degrees of success.[1] Acute infections occurring within three months of surgery are of particular concern as these infections are believed to be acquired during the index procedure and may therefore be preventable.[2] In an effort to better address these early infections, orthopaedic surgeons have investigated the role of different types of wound dressing in the setting of TJA

Osteoblastomas are rare benign, primary bone tumors which frequently arise in the spine. Patients often present with dull back pain sometimes associated with painful scoliosis. Neurological manifestations such as radiculopathy or myelopathy are due to mass effect on nerve roots or the spinal cord. Optimal treatment is complete surgical resection, preceded by embolisation. The preoperative radiological assessment is extremly important for identifying anatomical risk factors. Presentation of case: A 19 years-old-man, presenting with a history of cervico-brachial neuralgia and weakness of the right upper limb lasting from 18 mounths. The CT scan showed a bone tumor of the posterior arch of C5 and invading the transverse foramina. While removing the tumor, an injury of the vertebral artery occured. Conclusion: Osteoblastomas have a high risk of relapse and can potentially degenerate in sarcoma. Aggressive total resection is the preferred treatment, but it is risky regarding to the proximity of the vertebral artery, so surgery must be meticulously planned. This case points the radiological, histological and therapeutic features of osteoblastomas and surgical difficulties encountered during resection.

Spondyloptosis or complete anterior dislocation of the L5 vertebrae over S1 is a rare clinical condition. Generally, the surgical management of spondyloptosis includes either posterior long segment in-situ fusion (with total disregard for altered biomechanics) or restoration of lumbosacral kyphosis by reduction of spondyloptosis using multi-staged procedures. Reduction is possible in spondyloptosis only after sacral dome osteotomy or L5 Corpectomy with interbody fusion of L4 over S1 as described by Robert Gaines. We present our case of a manual laborer who was treated successfully by modified/Three stage Gaines procedure.

Weak bones are fragile. In such cases, even the smallest shock to the body caused by a minor fall or sudden movement can cause a serious fracture. An adequate and healthy diet plays a crucial role in strengthening the human skeletal system. India is home to over 190 million undernourished people and only next to China in the number of obese people. This state of diet and nutrition is a perfect scenario for high incidences of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis, which means porous bones, is a disease that, at times, is confused with osteoarthritis. The two are very different. Osteoarthritis is caused by degeneration of the joints, while osteoporosis causes thinning or weakening of bones, making them highly fragile and increasing the vulnerable to multiple fractures. Even the smallest shock to the body caused by a minor fall or sudden movement can cause a serious fracture. A silent disease, it does not readily show any symptoms. It is quite possible that people might not be aware of being affected by the disease until they suffer a painful fracture. The weakening of the bones is gradual, as bone mass density begins decreasing from the age of 35 years. Women are more at risk of osteoporosis, as the bone mass in their body decreases at a faster rate than in men. Around the world, it is estimated that one in three women compared to one in five men older than 50 years suffer from an osteoporotic fracture. In women, the reduced estrogen hormone levels after menopause make it tougher for the body to generate more bone. Today, modern lifestyle has increased inactivity. Excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption is another major risk factor. Apart from this, a major contributory factor includes unhealthy dietary practices, which also includes eating disorders such as anorexia and consumption of food deficient in important nutrients such as calcium, magnesium and Vitamin D. Osteoporosis can be prevented, or at least its onset can be delayed, by managing avoidable risk factors and following careful diet management. A diet rich in calcium, protein, magnesium and vitamin D is vital. Include calcium-rich food in your diet; calcium strengthens the bone. Non-fat milk, yoghurt, broccoli, cauliflower, certain fish such as salmon, green leafy vegetables and almonds are all good sources of calcium. Protein-rich foods like lentils, kidney beans, grains, nuts, and seeds help the body to keep the muscles healthy. Healthy muscles support the bones. Consumption of tobacco and alcohol should be reduced as much as possible. Red meat and caffeine intake should also be reduced. Calcium supplements should be taken as prescribed by your doctor.

The number of total hip and total knee replacement procedures performed worldwide has tended to surge in recent years, due to the combination of such factors as the increased life expectancy, improved quality of life, advances in medical technology as well as pre-operative and post-operative patient management. Numerous studies confirm that patients undergoing major orthopedics procedures involving lower extremities, for instance total hip and total knee replacement, constitute the highest risk group for the development of post-operative venous thromboembolism [VTE], primarily manifested as deep vein thrombosis [DVT]. The purpose of the research was to assess the dynamics of D-dimer level fluctuation during the post-operative period in patients after the cemented or cementless total hip replacement [THR] or total knee replacement [TKR], in order to prove or reject the thesis that the cemented and cementless total hip replacement [THR] or total knee replacement [TKR] affects the post-operative D-dimer levels.

Meniscal tears are prevalent throughout the population. These tears can become symptomatic for patients including locking, giving way, and buckling, creating instability. Conservative treatment measures initially prior to instability developing may include physical therapy, alternative shots, and rest. Patients may develop bone edema in the proximal tibia following meniscal tearing which may warrant further index treatment measures and a modified physical therapy program when compared to those patients that do not have any bone edema.

The extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle is an integral extensor and abductor of the wrist. It originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, laying deep to the extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor digitorum communis, and superficial to the supinator. Insertion occurs at the base of the third metacarpal. The radial nerve or a derivative supplies innervation. Its significance in orthopedics is highlighted by its involvement in multiple surgical approaches, such as the Thompson and Kaplan approaches for exposure of the radius, as well as its association with several routinely observed pathologies. Many of the associated syndromes, such as lateral epicondylitis, arise from repetitive gripping motions or overuse and are frequently seen in the orthopedic clinic. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of the relevance of the ECRB to the orthopedic setting to broaden knowledge of its anatomy and increase recognition and proper management of associated pathologies.

Wartenberg’s syndrome is a peripheral neuropathy caused by entrapment of the superficial radial nerve (SRN), presenting with paresthesia in the nerve distribution [1]. Currently, there are no established guidelines or recommendations for the proper treatment of this condition. As such, the objective of this paper is to complete a literature review outlining the diagnosis and treatment of Wartenberg’s syndrome.