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Articles of Volume : 3 Issue : Professor Dr. Seref Kara Special Issue , February, 2020 | |
| Conceptual Analysis of Discrimination | Author : Ali Riza ERDEM | Abstract | Full Text | Abstract :Discrimination is a concept which has been discussed by different sides of the society
throughout the history and which still keeps its importance and will do in future, as well. The word “discrimination” originates from the latin word “discriminare” which means “separate” or “divide”. The major thing which is emphasized in definitions concerning discrimination is the negative categorization of the individual or the groups in the society, the negative categorization of the individuals with the reasons which are not found reasonable and discourse and actions that are parallel to the reasons. The conceptual analysis means to indicate its compounds and indicators. The compounds of discrimination are “prejudice”, “dogma” and “benefit”. (i) Prejudice. Prejudice is described as “the negative approach”, which are usually known as unbased, discriminative and intolerant, towards a group of people or singular members of the group as a consequence of missing or mistaken judgment. Therefore, prejudice makes up the fundamentals of discrimination. Individuals may tend to adopt discrimination as spiritual concept without considering the prejudice that sometimes they are not aware to obtain or they are never aware. (ii) Dogma. On the other hand, the term “dogma” is described as the thought whose credibility is absolutely accepted without all kinds of examination and criticize. The dogmas that are based on believing without any examination are one of the major compounds of discrimination. Dogma may also result is
not using the logic because it cancels the functioning of human mind and so it may make human beings more prone to acceptations. (ii) Benefit. Meanwhile, the term “benefit” is considered negatively in language and so it is not seen in the first common place in interaction of us and this case is often underlined. Because consideration of benefit is invariably evaluated as a negative factor in interactive relations of people. Individuals or group membersmaytendtomakediscriminationsbecausethey consider their own benefits and moreover they are aware or not aware of it. The major indicators of discrimination is “hate speech”, “applications of violence” and “favoritism”. (i) Hate speech. Hate speech is the violation of right to life. That’s why, we notice that “the hate speech” points to inequality and rejects the concerned individual or the group and insults some parts or groups in the society and feeds the prejudice. The speech of hate which is a major indicator of discrimination may result in the violence by leading to physically, performance of hate crimes which is mainly based on hate speech. (ii) Applications of violence. In descriptions concerning violence over an individual or the society, physical power, brutal force for bad purposes and the harm of people who are exposed to violence and any kind of morally and financially negative factors concerning the physical and spiritual well-being. One of the major reasons of the violence over an individual or a group is the discrimination. Violence which is also expression of the discrimination may result in irrevocable harm in individuals in terms of emotional and social points as well as being considered a “crime” in law. (iii) Favoritism. The term “favoritism” which also refers to “lookout” backing up refers to supporting someone without considering the law and social rules to give priority unjustly in a subject. Favoritism is also classified in four major groups known as “nepotism”, “kronizm”, “partisanship” and “gender discrimination”. For this reason, favoritism threats the individuals, organizations and the society by means of corruption. Therefore, favoritism with is negative effects and so it seems inevitable that favoritism should be prevented by means of legal measures due to its negative effects over individuals, organizations and the society. Despite the negative effects of favoritism over the individual(s), organization(s) and the society, it has almost become an everyday factor and this assumption has gradually enlarged in the society. One of the major indicators of discrimination is favoritism that the individual(s), right(s) are grasped and it is considered one of the most critical reasons for the social corruption. In this respect, favoritism should be regarded as a major concrete evidence discrimination, as well. In other words, favoritism is that discrimination for individual(s) turns out to be a physically visible factor as back-up or support. |
| | Gestalt Principle In Packing Design | Author : Gültekin Erdal | Abstract | Full Text | Abstract :Human beings felt the need to wrap and store surplus nutrients with various natural ingredients to reuse
them when needed. Packaging is a cover for protection and preservation today, as in the early years of humanity. However, today there have been significant changes in the function of packaging, besides storage and protection; It had to accommodate features such as transportation, warehousing, sales, and hygiene ego such as competition and superiority with behind these changes in packaging. Manufacturers have always needed the advertising function of the packaging to explain that they are the best of their products. The efforts to establish a psychological connection between the packaging and the consumer came with the success of the packaging, and the consumer was allowed to acquire habits up to the degree of addiction.
The developing packaging technology has brought new packaging materials, and more useful and showy packaging has been produced. The superiority ego produced much more functional and flashy packages. The number of consumers purchasing products is not small, just because they like the packaging. Because packaging is essential for the promotion and sale of the product, attention should be drawn to the consumer in order to receive the product. This is also possible with packaging. Design gains importance at this stage. The colors, texts, and shapes were chosen in good packaging design are compatible and give the consumer a sense of confidence by emphasizing the quality of this product. The color used in the packaging should reflect the characteristic features of the product or give the product a characteristic feature.
The fact that the concept of design is far-reaching generally prefers to describe rather than define. The main problem is that the draft is confused with the ideas of selection, design, and design. Explaining these concepts as if they are identical may cause the concept of design to be perceived as a part of these concepts. However, not all of these concepts are results, but the pre-action preparation process. Celal Esad Arseven, by defining these concepts under different titles in his “Art Encyclopedia”, has revealed that they are separate concepts, although they have an organic bond between them. With his statement, the bill; “The first thought is the writing or picture about the idea or shape. While making the definition, a new title was opened under the name of the preliminary design, and its partitioning was also made. For the draft; While preparing the description of “preparation state for working on later,” for design, the definition of something imagined is used. He distinguishes the fine line between draft and design as the first rough form of the selection. While the design is defined as preparation before starting the implementation, it is mentioned that it is planned to put into practice what is envisaged in mind. Being able to differentiate concepts should mean correctly chosen functionality for the designer, the designer, and the target audience. Because of the design is far from the expected functionality, garbage is kind. If this is aesthetic garbage with an imagery icon value, it is art, and if hand-made production is a craft.
Leveraging Gestalt principles in design can push surplus purchasing psychology, which surprises, impresses, or pushes the series into a collection. Because, according to Gestalt theory, the whole has a different meaning from the sum of the parts and the individual perceives the whole in integrity, not by dividing it into its components. Gestaltists are more concerned with themselves than parts of the whole. With this approach, design can be defined as the parts of the entire being compatible and functional or perceived. The narrative or function of the whole individual piece is taken into consideration. However, it is essential that each piece be consistent with the whole. The degree of harmony is also significant because if there is too much harmony in the design, it turns to boring or repetitive design work. On the other hand, although too many variables are used in the design study, the result may be chaotic and unusable. Gestalt theory advocates that good design should have principles. |
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