Metastatic lesions of clivus are rare, usually from prostatic and renal carcinoma. Carcinoma of cervix metastasing to clivus is reported rarely after treatment of primary tumor. But clival metastatic lesion at presentation is reported only once in literature. Our patient a 61 year old female patient who presented with clival lesion later diagnosed to be a metastatic lesion from primary cervical carcinoma is rarely reported in literature.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a visual disorder caused by abnormal growth of blood vessels in the highlysensitive part of the eyes (retina) of premature babies. The most important risk factors are the gestational age with newborns before the 31st week of gestation and their weight (less than 1250 grams) so their diagnosis requires timely screening. In most cases, these cases resolve without treatment, however, they can cause permanent vision problems or blindness. In the Americas, characterized by different heights above sea level (a.s.l), there are no reports in the medical literature if this variable is a risk factor, so the present study will be useful as a new reference. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective analytical cross-sectional study, was done into account all preterm newborns with ophthalmological examination registered in the Epic Latino databas in the different Neonatal units in the period 2015-2020. In order to determine the risk of retinopathy, a mixed binary risk model was produced to relate risk factors to height RESULTS: A total of 2945 premature infants were found, 374 patients had a diagnosis of ROP, 51.8% were women and 48.2% were men, with a higher frequency at 27-28 weeks of gestation (with 35%). It was observed that the most important factor that determines the risk of Retinopathy is gestational age, where the neonatal units play an important role in developing ROP and that height has no effect (it does not increase the risk of ROP). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that gestational at birth continues to be the most important risk factor for the development of ROP, regardless of the height (a.s.l) at which newborns are born

Documentary evidence of to amplify the number of investigations for academic dishonesty with nursing students was a reason for the study, the main aim was to investigate academic dishonesty in Medical Training Colleges in western region, specifically to scrutinize the nature and prevalence of academic dishonesty. Nursing studies provide an intersection for students to change to professional roles through various aspects of trainings including clinical practice. Despite the various studies conducted globally, regionally, nationally and county level, academic dishonesty is still a major problem, not so much effective strategies to detect and deter have been arrived at. The study therefore was to investigate more on the same. It was therefore essential to understand what predicts nursing students’ intention to behave with academic integrity; so that efforts could be directed to initiatives focusing on strengthening their commitment to have academic integrity. This would reduce the real role of students graduating with deficiencies in their knowledge and ethics. The main target population was450 nursing students from the three colleges from western Heads of departments, principals, examination coordinators, disciplinary committee chair persons and administrative officer totalling to population of 462, a cross sectional descriptive design was used in the study. Sample size determination was by Fisher’s method which was modified by Mugenda and Mugenda. Multistage sampling technique was employed, simple random sampling for the three campuses, purposive sampling for the staff in the three colleges in three counties and cluster sampling for students in terms of year of study. Proportionate allocation was used to sample students from different colleges and Systematic sampling was used to pick individual students. Data collection tools included structured questionnaires with closed ended questions for students. Interview schedules with open ended questions to key informants (principals, heads of departments, examination co-ordinators and disciplinary committee chairpersons and administrative officers). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistical analysis which was used to yield frequencies, means and standard deviations accordingly. Inferential statistical analysis was also used to test associations/relationships between variables and included chi square, MacNemar and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Validation of the content will be measured by the use of content valid index; study reliability and validity was done.

Introduction: The Maternal Mortality Rate estimate for 2017 shows that, on average, 211 women died for every 100,000 live births globally, with a rate of 415 in low-resource countries. Primary postpartum hemorrhage is defined as blood loss from the genital tract greater than 500 mL after birth or 1000 mL at Caesarean section within the first 24 hours after birth. Material and Method: A comparative study was carried out in 21 patients with a history of an obstetric hemorrhagic shock to assess the correlation of the observational vs. arterial blood gases (lactate and DB during a period from March 2022 to January 2023. Statistical analysis: Descriptive and parametric statistics were used for the variables included. Results: Twenty-One patients were studied, patients with obstetric hemorrhage (100%) whose data are presented in Table 1. 7 patients (33%) were transfused with less than 1000 mL and 14 patients (66.6%) with more than 1000 mL, the range was 2500 mL, the minimum transfusion of 500 mL and the maximum of 3000 mL, a total of 24,700 mL were transfused in these patients, there were no maternal deaths. Conclusions: The use of blood gases is recommended in all patients with acute obstetric hemorrhage. Discussion: The registry of Intraoperative blood loss plays a central role in the daily routine of doctors. Therefore, for the safety of the patient, we should aim for the highest possible measurement accuracy. Conclusion: Routine use of blood gases is recommended for patients with acute obstetric hemorrhage.

Introduction: The Maternal Mortality Rate estimate for 2017 shows that, on average, 211 women died for every 100,000 live births globally, with a rate of 415 in low-resource countries. Primary postpartum hemorrhage is defined as blood loss from the genital tract greater than 500 mL after birth or 1000 mL at Caesarean section within the first 24 hours after birth. Material and Method: A comparative study was carried out in 21 patients with a history of an obstetric hemorrhagic shock to assess the correlation of the observational vs. arterial blood gases (lactate and DB during a period from March 2022 to January 2023. Statistical analysis: Descriptive and parametric statistics were used for the variables included. Results: Twenty-One patients were studied, patients with obstetric hemorrhage (100%) whose data are presented in Table 1. 7 patients (33%) were transfused with less than 1000 mL and 14 patients (66.6%) with more than 1000 mL, the range was 2500 mL, the minimum transfusion of 500 mL and the maximum of 3000 mL, a total of 24,700 mL were transfused in these patients, there were no maternal deaths. Conclusions: The use of blood gases is recommended in all patients with acute obstetric hemorrhage. Discussion: The registry of Intraoperative blood loss plays a central role in the daily routine of doctors. Therefore, for the safety of the patient, we should aim for the highest possible measurement accuracy. Conclusion: Routine use of blood gases is recommended for patients with acute obstetric hemorrhage.