Anesthesiologists often face challenges when administering regional anesthesia in diabetic patients, particularly with concerns about the potential toxicity of local anesthetics to peripheral nerves. This case report details an incident of Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST) following a combined femoral and sciatic nerve block in an uncontrolled diabetic patient scheduled for below knee amputation. Despite careful administration and monitoring, the patient experienced a grand mal seizure, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness of potential complications in this high-risk population.

The urinary system is one of the most vital organs susceptible to infection; especially bacterial ones. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) mean colonization of urinary tracts by pathogenic microorganisms leading to inflammation of urinary system. In this study, we review the basic concepts of the most important pathogenic microbes infected this system. Enterobacteriaceae is a large group of Gram-negative bacillus bacteria that are naturally found as commensals in the intestine and are pathogenic and opportunistic, exploiting any opportunity to cause many infections, and they are the main cause of urinary tract infections. Uropathogenic E. coli strain causes approximately 90% of UTIs. Besides, Klebsiella pneumoniae represents most important pathogenic bacteria causing diseases, especially UTIs in children. It was found, that severity of this infection mainly related with virulence of causative bacteria as well as the host’s immune system.

Acne is a skin health problem caused by the excessive production of oil (sebum), which appears on the face, neck, chest, and back; if not treated properly, it will leave scars. The aim of this study is to compare descriptively the level of knowledge and patterns on self-medication acne between health and non-health students in Medan, Indonesia. This quantitative descriptive collected data through a survey via a Google form. The study’s respondents were 206 students from 4 universities in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The sampling technique was probability sampling with Simple Random Sampling. The results of the present study show that the level of knowledge of self-medication for acne of health and non-health students was getting a score of 75.6% and 73.3%, respectively. The pattern of self-medication of health students tended to be better than non-health students because as many as 47.5% of health students did self-medication, while non-health students, 35.4% because they did not know the right way to care for their skin. The conclusion of this study is that the level of knowledge on acne self-medication in health and non-health students was almost similar, but on the pattern of self-medication, the health student was better than the non-health student.

Students at universities are susceptible to minor illnesses influenced by various factors, so students need to understand and take self-medication carefully. This study aims to describe self-medication and the level of knowledge of medicine among students at universities in North Sumatra descriptively. This descriptive quantitative study recruited 133 students from 5 favorite universities selected by simple random sampling from 5 favorite universities in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Data collection will be done using questionnaires that experts have validated; questionnaires provided online via Google Forms, and the data obtained will be described quantitatively. The results of this study showed that the three most frequent medicines that they saved were anti-influenza or antipyretic (80.5%), antiseptic (42.9%), and cough medicine (42.9%). Regarding the level of knowledge, 44% of respondents were categorized as good, 16% were very good, 20% were less good, and 20% were poor. This study concludes that the majority of students in North Sumatra have a good level of knowledge.

Cytokines are immune cell messengers. They are small proteins secreted by various cells, exerting very potent immunomodulatory and inflammatory effects. The diversity of their functions reveals their importance in healthy and pathological processes, including atherosclerosis, cancer, osteoarthritis, infectious diseases, and metabolic diseases. Currently, an important pathogenic factor for many severe diseases, especially infectious ones (such as COVID-19) is the cytokine storm. Only a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved, combined with innovative therapeutics, will allow us to improve patient outcomes and intervene effectively. More research is still needed to bridge the many current knowledge gaps, improve treatment, and enhance care for patients in times of infectious disease crises. It focuses on recently available evidence on the cytokine storm mechanisms, outcomes, and possible treatment options concerning COVID-19 patients.

IL-35 belongs to the IL-12 family of cytokines that are involved in immune-regulation and homeostasis. It generally features as a heterodimeric cytokine composed of IL-12p35 and EBV-induced gene 3, mainly secreted by regulatory T cells and B cells within the human body. Therefore, IL-35 is known to have enormous immune-suppressive abilities. This paper thus provides the existing insights over the biochemistry and pathophysiology of IL-35 concerning inflammation, microbial infections, carcinogenesis, as well as autoimmune disorders, meanwhile intending to identify lacunae and suggest prospective lines of research.

Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong disease. It has to do with the way your body metabolizes blood sugar. It’s known as being insulin-resistant – meaning the cells in your body don’t respond well to insulin – and eventually as an insulin deficiency. Nobody knows exactly what causes it, but factors include genetics, obesity, no physical activity, and a junk food diet. symptoms are: increased thirst; frequent urination; extreme fatigue; blurred vision; slow healing of wounds. Most people who have type 2 diabetes find out when they have this blood test done or when they have a test that uses their blood. There is no cure for diabetes but you can control it by changing your lifestyle – eating healthy foods, exercising, and keeping a healthy weight. Oftentimes, though, medicines or insulin injections are needed to help with the disease. Prevention: Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet rich in whole foods, engaging in regular physical activity, Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Type 2 diabetes is a manageable condition, and early intervention can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life.

Objective: The current study measured the clinical performance and safety of Hemocollagene when used in its adjuvant hemostasis indication in routine practice by dental surgeons. Methods: This multicenter, prospective observational study conducted within research network ReCOL included 123 patients from 10 hospitals or private practice. Hemocollagene’s 5-minute hemostatic efficacy was differentiated in subgroups of patients according to age and presence of factors influencing coagulation. Device resorption and wound healing were measured after a 31.4-day follow-up. Results: The percentage of patients whose bleeding was stopped within 5 minutes after the use of Hemocollagene was 87.8% (IC95 [82.0; 93.6] %) in the total population. Landry Tissue Healing Index rated 96.3% as good, very good, or excellent after mean 31.4 days (SD: 9.8) post-surgery. Conclusion: Both safety and efficacy of the bovine hemostatic sponges were observed in this real-life study. The good handling of the product ensures a comfortable operation even for bleeding-risk patients.

Introduction: HELLP syndrome is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy associated with severe maternal-fetal complications and representing high morbidity and mortality. Objective: A clinical history of HELLP syndrome as a complication of severe preeclampsia was analyzed, highlighting the importance of early detection and appropriate treatment. Clinical case: A young 26-year-old multi-gestation patient from the city of Loja, with a family history of arterial hypertension, was diagnosed with HELLP syndrome and severe preeclampsia in the 33rd week of gestation after five prenatal check-ups and due to the severity of her condition, it was decided to terminate the pregnancy by cesarean section. Conclusion: The importance and urgency of early identification and treatment of HELLP syndrome and its complications, highlighting the need for an individualized approach based on the patient’s laboratory studies and the importance of management in primary care and the patient’s care.

Background: Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular complications and renal damage in diabetic patients, particularly those with nephropathy. It exacerbates diabetic nephropathy (DN) progression through mechanisms such as oxidative stress and glomerulosclerosis. Objectives: This study aimed to compare lipid abnormalities between diabetic patients with nephropathy and those without, assess correlations with glycemic control and urinary microalbumin, and evaluate dyslipidemia’s impact on renal function. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Patna Medical College & Hospital involving 60 diabetic patients aged 20–60 years, divided into two groups: diabetic patients with nephropathy (Group A, n=30) and without nephropathy (Group B, n=30). Demographics, lipid profiles, glycemic parameters, and renal function were analyzed. Dyslipidemia prevalence was assessed, and statistical significance was determined using SPSS (p<0.05 considered significant). Results: Dyslipidemia was more prevalent in the nephropathy group (73.3% vs. 46.7%, p=0.03), with significantly elevated cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and reduced HDL-C levels. Mean fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, and HbA1c levels were also higher in the nephropathy group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is significantly more severe in diabetic patients with nephropathy, linked to poor glycemic control and renal dysfunction. Targeted lipid management strategies are essential to mitigate cardiovascular and renal risks in these patients.

Adenocarcinoma is a cancer of glandular tissue and, therefore, poses considerable problems for diagnosis and treatment. The diverse nature of this cancer mandates a proper staging system for the guidance of treatment approaches for better patient outcomes. Advances in molecular biology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry in recent years have contributed significantly to our understanding of adenocarcinoma, especially as it appears in the lung and gastrointestinal systems. This review attempts to synthesize the present knowledge about the classification of adenocarcinoma and the various treatment modalities with more stress on the clinical applications, while at the same time indicating areas that are not known and where further research should be directed.

Cancer is characterized by disorderly cell proliferation. Upregulation and activation of the Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinase 6 (CDK6) signalling pathway can induce uncontrolled proliferation of breast cancer cells. Therefore, inhibition of CDK6 persists to be developed as a target for the design and development of potential drugs to treat breast cancer. This study aims to predict the biofunction of anthocyanin compounds from purple corn extract as Cyclin- Dependent Protein Kinase 6 (CDK6) inhibitors in silico. The research methods used include data mining, ligand and receptor preparation, molecular docking, docking visualization, and data analysis. Our results show that six compounds of purple corn extract (cyanidin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin, peonidin, and peonidin-3-glucoside) can bind CDK6 at the C-terminal and N-terminal domains. The binding pattern indicated that cyanidin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin, peonidin, and peonidin-3-glucoside bind to the identical site CDK6 residues as Palbociclib (control). This finding indicated that compounds from purple corn are most likely competitive inhibitors of CDK6. Peonidin-3-glucoside showed the lowest binding energy of -282.5 kcal/mol, close to palbociclib (-329.4 kcal/mol).

A study to compare bacterial populations in sea, ground and stream waters and to assess the importance of some abiotic factors on these populations was carried out in the town of Kribi (on the Cameroonian coast) from January to March 2024. The bacteria sought were Aerobic Mesophilic Heterotrophic Bacteria (AMHB) and staphylococci. They were isolated using the surface spreading technique on Petri dishes on PCA media (Rapid Labs, ref CM-PCASP051) and the membrane filtration technique on Chapman mannitol medium (HIMEDIA, ref MH118-500G), for AMHB and staphylococci respectively. Isolated bacteria were identified by standard methods. Some abiotic parameters were measured using standard analytical techniques. These analyses showed that the abiotic variables varied overall from one sampling period to the next and from one point to the next. It was noted that the water was neutral with low mineral content. The high nitrogen values recorded at all the sampling points attest to the high organic matter content of the water analyzed. Bacteriological analyses revealed that the water contains a high-density bacterial microflora consisting of AMHB and bacteria of the Staphylococcus genus. The average densities of AMHB in log (CFU/100 mL) were 5.62, 5.86 and 5.30 in groundwater, stream waters and seawaters respectively. The waters of this coastal area of Cameroon are populated by Staphylococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with mean densities of 2.66 (log (CFU/100 mL)), 3.30 (log (CFU/100 mL)) and 5, 36 (log (CFU/100 m)) for Staphylococcus aureus and 1.66 (log (CFU/100mL)), 1.06 (log (CFU/100mL)) and 5.02 ( log (CFU/100 mL)) for Staphylococcus epidermidis in groundwater, stream waters and seawaters respectively. Comparatively, the densities of staphylococci in seawaters were more abundant and diverse than those in groundwater and stream waters. The deterioration in the quality of these coastal waters seems to be encouraged by their proximity to point sources of pollution linked to discharges of ballast water without prior treatment. These waters are therefore not recommended for human consumption according to WHO standards.

The aim of this study is to examine the satisfaction levels of university students with institutional food services and to investigate the food hygiene and food safety behaviors of food service personnel. A total of 217 university students and 38 food service personnel working in institutional food services participated in the study on a voluntary basis. A satisfaction survey about university dining services was administered to the students, while a survey on food safety and hygiene was administered to the food service personnel. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 26. The main reasons for students preferring the university dining services were the affordability for 53.5% of students and the time constraints for 46.5%. Female students were found to have higher satisfaction levels with dining services compared to male students (p<0.05). The highest average scores in dining services were related to service features, while the lowest were observed for menu features. It was determined that all food service personnel participating in the study had received food safety or hygiene training. There were no statistically significant differences in the food safety behaviors and hygiene scores of the food service personnel based on gender (p>0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that various factors influence satisfaction with university dining services and that the knowledge level of food service personnel is important for ensuring food safety.

Background: Considering the probable engagement of Interleukin-17 in the development of DM, its possible eligibility as a diagnostic marker should be evaluated. Objectives: The aim of this study is to find out the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Methods: This case-control study was carried out at Al-Husseini Teaching Hospital, Karbala, Iraq, during the period from March to September 2024. The study included 50 diagnosed DM patients and 50 healthy controls. IL-17 levels were measured by ELISA using HuamaCount (Germany) kits. Results: Patients with DM were 48.67 ± 6.44 years old on average. The distribution of their ages was 24% from 35 to 44 years, 26% from 45 to 54 years, 18% from 55 to 64 years, and 32% from 65 to 74 years. For this male-to-female ratio, the DM group was 54:46 as compared to controls, which were 48:52. IL-17 levels were significantly higher in patients with DM (7.33 ± 1.54 pg/ml) than in the controls (5.48 ± 2.44 pg/ml) (P <0.0001). It gave an AUC of 0.63, sensitivity and specificity being 74% and 66% at a cutoff value of 6.33 pg/ml (P = 0.046), thus indicative of IL-17 as a fairly good diagnostic marker for DM. Conclusions: Elevated IL-17 levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of DM, of potential diagnostic and predictive utility as a biomarker though its modest discriminative ability calls for more research to buttress its usefulness in clinical practice.

Background: Nutrition is central to the promotion of normal growth and development among children. It has been found that malnutrition is, in fact, one of the most important public health problems for preschool children. The nutritional status of this age group may be related to several demographic factors associated with the mother. Objectives of the study: To assess mothers’ knowledge level regarding preschool children nutritional status and to find out the relationship between mothers’ knowledge and their socio demographic data. Study Design: A descriptive (cross-sectional) study design is used through the present study in order to achieve the study objectives. October 15th, 2023 until January 1st, 2024. Study Sample: A Non-Probability (Purposeful Sample) of 51 mother who have preschool child., were included in the present study. Setting of the Study: The study was conducted in Al-Najaf city. Results: study results presented that the overall assessment of mother’s knowledge regarding nutritional status knowledge was good. Conclusion: Most of the mothers had previous knowledge about the topic from the media. Also, they got good level of knowledge regarding nutritional status for the preschool child and it’s been found that there is a significant relationship between mothers’ knowledge and their residency type. Recommendation: Further studies should be conducted regarding mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice about all children age levels especially preschool children and improving and identifying the knowledge gabs.