The present study aimed to investigate marital intimacy based on lifestyle. The study sample consisted of 100 people (50 females and 50 males) who were selected among staff of Ministry of Education in Kangavar city. Personal Assessment about Intimacy in Relationships and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II were used to collect data. Data were performed by using Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analysis. The results showed that healthy lifestyle is positive prediction of marital intimacy. By increasing healthy lifestyle,couples intimacy can be improved

Background: Job satisfaction and Work commitment has become an important aspects among security agencies all over the world. It simply defines how they feel about their jobs with respect to different perspectives. Many psychosocial problems come into existences which have direct or indirect effect on it. Work commitment provides the information that helps us to promote increased levels of work commitment (Adlam, 2002; Skogan and Frydl, 2004). Aims/Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the level of job satisfaction and work commitment among public and private security agencies of Kashmir. Material and Methods: A simple size of 60 participants both public and private security personals working under different organisations of Kashmir. It was a purposive sampling technique. The tools like Job Satisfaction Scale by (Imtiyaz and Ansari, 2000) and Work Commitment Scale by (Meyer and Allen,1991) was used to collect the data from each participant separately.

The present research is about studying and analyzing structure, function and performance of universities and their role in the sustainable development of Iran. The main perspective in this article is that despite so much of increase in the quantity of universities and the numbers of students in different areas of study, our universities and higher education centers have been unable to put the society in the path of development. In this article, we have tried to collect data by the use of documentation and fieldwork methods, and techniques of interview and note-taking. Achievements of the study show that universities and higher education centers can be axes of sustainable development; but in Iran, the universities and the higher education centers function weakly and there is no specific attention to research, and the universities and the society are not coordinate with each other. Research is the main foundation of development. Hence, it can be concluded from the findings that there is inconsistency and imbalance between the foundations, elements as well as components of educational system, and, the foundations, elements and components of the social, economic, political and cultural systems. The external factors too, seem to be efficient in this imbalance. The main solution is that until the higher education system is not coordinated with the social system, we will not reach sustainable development.

Growth of State Domestic Product (SDP) is an indicator of the performance of the state economy. Attempts are always made by economists to predict the future growth correctly in order to make the planning process successful. In poor state; poverty and other macro-economic planning depends upon the past performance and future potential of the economy. Odisha economy exhibited a growth rate of 8.8% and 7.0% in 10th and 11th plan respectively. The economy grew at 5.6% in 2013-14. There is a high expectation to maintain a trajectory growth rate for the next five years at the rate of 9.0% per annum. However, the declining growth spiral is a major bottle neck to the state economy. The performance the primary sector is alarming. Secondary sector is growing at a sluggish rate. The growth in the tertiary sector is captured by the masses of other regions instead of the people of the state. The state is one of the leading states in the country in terms of its mineral resources. So the aspiration of the people to capture the resource benefit is gathering momentum. The state government’s populist policy for the poor needs appreciation. However, it is also necessary to change the outlook towards the growth of the state economy in order to make the poverty reduction plan successful. This will be possible only with a realistic approach to analyze the past economic performance and predict the future growth correctly. Playing with the numbers to portray the success of the state economy will not help at all. What the past –performance of the state economy tells? On the basis of empirical data, we have tried to predict the future potential growth rate of the state economy. We have especially attempted to forecast the future decadal (2015-2025) growth rate on the basis of past performance. Adequate moderation has been implemented taking the help of documents like Economic Survey of Odisha 2013-14 and other documents to arrive at a conclusion. Further, we have used regression analysis to analyze the empirical data.

A well-developed transportation network is vital to the economic development of the country. High quality road network increases the potential of any economic system by helping both consumer and producer. Traffic congestions are major bottleneck of smooth functioning of a city transportation network. With increase in vehicle population commuters spends more time in traffic jam and loses precious time which could have been utilised in productive activities otherwise. It also causes wasteful fuel expenditure which directly affects the country’s exchequer. Thus creation of new road infrastructures as well as periodic maintenance of the existing one has long term economic benefits. The economic benefits are calibrated by carrying out cost-benefit analysis of the expenditures incurred and benefits created vide Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR). The bustling city of Chandigarh is always frequented with heavy traffic jam due to ever increasing vehicle population. In order to sort out the traffic problems in the city, the engineering department of Union Territory of Chandigarh is building-up one flyover, one bridge and three underpasses at various locations of the city. Here an attempt has been made to carry out an economic analysis of the above-mentioned projects. A factor of 0.85 has been adopted to convert financial costs into economic costs. The EIRR for flyover is estimated to be 15.57%, bridge to be 21.05%, underpass between sector 9 &17 to be 15.05%, underpass between sector 34 & 35 to be 14.14% and underpass between sector 22 & 35 to be 14.16%. The sensitivity analysis also proved the economic viability all the projects. Overall the proposed investment programmes are economically viable.

This study identifies and evaluates the various dimensional cooperation and integration arrangements that took place in the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) region. This paper highlights the major socioeconomic achievements of ECO that affect the process of economic integration in the region. Process of regional integration is the central element of the economic liberalization, privatization and globalization. Presently, the economic collaboration, whether international, regional or at bilateral level, has become vital for the socio-economic development of a nation. The incredible success of regional organization e.g. ASEAN and the European Union has motivated the other regions of the world to develop economic cooperation within the region. The ECO was emerged as an Intergovernmental Economic Cooperation by treaty of Izmir (Turkey), to promote multi- dimensional regional collaboration with a vision to attain sustained socioeconomic progress among the ten member states. Due to geostrategic position and rich in energy resources, ECO could serve as an engine of world economic growth in future.

This study identifies and evaluates the various dimensional cooperation and integration arrangements that took place in the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) region. This paper highlights the major socioeconomic achievements of ECO that affect the process of economic integration in the region. Process of regional integration is the central element of the economic liberalization, privatization and globalization. Presently, the economic collaboration, whether international, regional or at bilateral level, has become vital for the socio economic development of a nation. The incredible success of regional organization e.g. ASEAN and the European Union has motivated the other regions of the world to develop economic cooperation within the region. The ECO was emerged as an Intergovernmental Economic Cooperation by treaty of Izmir (Turkey), to promote multi- dimensional regional collaboration with a vision to attain sustained socioeconomic progress among the ten member states. Due to geostrategic position and rich in energy resources, ECO could serve as an engine of world economic growth in future.

The work in question presents a reflection on women history and the patriarchy relationship, with our discussion scope as violence against women in Maria da Penha Law context enforcement. The women role has changed in our society over the years. In different history periods, in different social organizations, we realize that women are recognized and also, undervalued. Even after Law No. 11,340/06 (Maria da Penha Law) creation, violence and prejudice continue in our society.

This research evaluates the impact of monetary policy shocks on banking sector of Pakistan. Banking sector includes both Islamic and conventional banks. Data have been used which covers the time period from January 2009 to December 2013. All data is based on monthly basis which has been extracted from monthly statistical bulletins issued by state bank of Pakistan and Pakistan bureau of statistics. I have used interest rate as the main variable of monetary policy. Interest rate is which is also popular as the name of overnight policy rate ONR. Other variables which is used in this research consists of bank balance sheet items of both the banking sectors (Conventional banks, Islamic banks), specifically conventional banks deposits (CD), conventional banks loans (CL), Islamic banks deposits (ID), and Islamic banks financing (IL). Other variables include QIM (quantum index number), CPI (consumer price index). Based on VAR (vector auto regressive approach) approach I have used impulse response function as well as variance decomposition analysis. Results shows that in Pakistan Islamic banks are not so much sensitive to monetary policy shocks. The study analyze that conventional are more stable then Islamic banks. According to the results interest rates are more sensitive to conventional banks. Interest rates have not so much impact on Islamic banks, because Islamic banks are considered as interest free banks. They have increased their financing in interest free modes.

Security and peace in the world have always been addicted by reports of peace or hostilities between states and people. Constantly the world has been accompanied by efforts to domination of some states to other states or nations against other nations. These efforts have consistently encountered resistance states and peoples not to be subjected. As a result of these efforts there have been developed numerous wars, with bloody and tragic consequences for humanity. Therefore the history of states and nationes, mainly is a history of violence and attempts to dominate and not to be imperiled. Throughout history have been invented and built many systems that have tried to regulate these relations. Some of them have collapsed quickly some have resisted longer time. For the first time as a loosely rule, Peace of Westfalia is inaugurated year 1648, and a broad knowledge and as a principle universally recognized but unrealized in this measure practically known in the twentieth century. Therefore, the principle of self-determination has become an integral part of the Charter of the United Nations. What does the principle of the right for selfdetermination? How is it being implemented? What is the perception of ethnic entities of this principle? How it is implemented in the case of the former Yugoslavia? Why is not applied in the case of Kosovo? Are just some of the questions that need to be answered.

Education in the Philippines has undergone several stages of development from the pre-Spanish times to the present. In meeting the needs of the society, education serves as focus of priorities of the leadership at certain periods in our national struggle as a race. Learning, as a life-long process is a fact that can be realized through different modes. It can be obtained in whatever an individual does and in everywhere he goes. Bur normally, the educational system gives premium to the educative process. Several factors, other than teachers, are contributory to be a positive significant predictor to this.

This study about Reshaping the Mindset on Technical Vocational Education: Professionals’ Perspectives would like to change that negative image of TechVoc in the country. The researchers came up with the problem: “What is the mindset of rofessionals towards Technical Vocational education after graduating from one of its course?” with the objectives of knowing the profile of participants, their mindset on TechVoc Education before enrolling, reasons for enrolling on a TechVoc course, find out the benefits gained after graduating from one of its course, to determine how it helped in the development of their career, and to find out what is their current mindset about it. To achieve those objectives, the researcher employed the cognitive dissonance theory that explains why other people’s perception in a specific matter, which is different from other, can influence the perception of others. The researchers used Qualitative Research Approach. The method used in conducting the study is a descriptive research method. To gather the data, the researchers used in-depth interview as the primary method in data collection. The participants were chosen based on certain criteria set by the researchers. As a result of the study, the participants’ misconceptions were gone because of the benefits that they gain with the help of the said course. The researchers recommend that the High School and College graduates consider taking a Technical Vocational Course. The researchers also suggest that parents should keep an open mind about TechVoc education. The researchers also advise that TESDA and TechVoc institutions keep the people informed of the benefits of taking a TechVoc course.

Literary texts are increasingly read as constructs of specific historical conditions and circumstances. New Historicism views history as a narrative construction involving a relationship of past and present concerns. It involves Gadamer?s hermeneutic understanding of the past as constructed in relation to a present which is also a development out of that past, Hyden White?s view of history as narrative construction or „stories?, and Bakhtin?s articulation of all human utterances (including literary texts) as social acts which are multi-accentual and available for divergent uses . The new historicist focuses on the multiple contradictory material practices which embed each historical event or expressive act as contexts of production and reception. White says, “… historiography aspires to the condition of science by presenting a third-person narrative which appears to be the reflection of events as they are inherently structured by the process of history. Historiography gathers its authority by seeming to dispense with authorial voice, by simulating scientific discourse which appears to reflect the way the world simply is”. He observes that „real? events, however, never tell their own stories and that history is always a process of making the real into an object of desire through manipulations of voice and temporality

This study examined the incidence of food security among farming households in Ogbomoso agricultural zone. Multistage random sampling technique was used in selecting the respondent for the study. In the first stage, 60% of the total number of villages in Ogbomosho North (3 villages) and Ogbomoso South Local Government Areas (4 villages) were randomly selected while 10% of the villages in Ogo-Oluwa LGA (16 villages) were selected making a total of 23 villages. The third stage, 10% of the number of household in Ogbomosho North and South Local Government Areas were randomly sampled as well as 0.5% of the number of household in Ogo-Oluwa Local Government Area, to give a total of 148 households as respondents for the study. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics. Over 56% of the Farmers had farm size of less or equal to 5 ha: this could encourage food availability for their various families in the study area. Households heads with no formal education had highest insecurity incidence (0.50), while those with tertiary education had the lowest food insecurity incidence (0.25). Food insecurity incidence increased with increase in household size. Government and other stakeholders in charge of agricultural extension and family planning should therefore, mobilize Farmers to do proper family planning.

Present study conducted the impact of mobile phone on education and health of youth (a case study of district Layyah). The study was conducted to explore the negative impact on youth due to high use of mobile phone in our society. The universe of present study was consisted of the currently BZU, Bahahur Campus Layyah, Govt.College University Faisalabad Layyah Campus, University of South Asia Campus Layyah and Govt.College Layyah. The tool of data collection was survey it was observed that majority of the respondents high use of mobile phone and used different calls and messages packages however these packages have side effects on their education and their health. Due to health side effect the youth can not work properly in daily life. The study was also explored different aspects such as social issues, health issues and other issues, due to mobile phone.

A large amount of feather waste is generated from the poultry industry. This waste containing a considerable amount of keratin can be utilized by microorganisms thus leading to its environmentally safe disposal. The objective of the study was to isolate and identify a feather degrading bacterium from poultry farm soil, optimize the cultural conditions and partial purification of keratinase enzyme using ammonium sulphate precipitation, followed by exploring the applications. The study was carried out by collecting soil samples, enrichment using an appropriate enrichment medium, followed by screening, dentification and then optimizing cultural conditions. The isolated keratinolytic bacterium carried out complete egradation of the feather waste within 4 weeks and was found to be of Bacillus sp. by biochemical identification. The bacterium presented optimum growth at pH 6.8 and a temperature of 37 oC. The keratinase enzyme activity was found to be 8.80U/ml/min for isolate P and 13.60U/ml/min for isolate W. The study shows the potential of the feather degrading isolate to carry out environmentally safe disposal of poultry waste and also to produce amino acids from a cheap raw material.

Background: Noise is a major health threat in occupations where the level exceeds the permissible limit (85 decibel). Noise causes discomfort or adverse health effect. The degree of negative effects of noise depends on its intensity, spectrum of frequency nature, duration of exposure and individual sensibility. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on Alhodhood and Alsabagoon textile factories employees who were exposed to noise in Khartoum - Sudan. Noise levels (dBA) were measured by sound level meter. Data was collected using questionnaire; and Pure tone air conduction audiometric test was conducted by calibrated Kamplex Diagnostic audiometer (KLD 23 mha, BSEN 60645) to determine the employees’ hearing thresholds. Data was analyzed to determine the overall prevalence of hearing loss. Results: The highest recorded sound pressure level SPL reading at Alhodhood factory was 88.9±2.7 dB and Leq 88.0±6.5 measured at the weaving section. Max p ranged from 83.61±6.5 to 104±2.1. The highest recorded sound pressure level reading at Alsbagoon factory was 93.8±1.7 dB and Leq 93.2±1.1, measured at the preparing section flowed by weaving record 87.0±3.0 which were more than permissible level. Max p ranged from 92.34 to 108.2±1.4. Workers at Alhodhood and Alsbagoon perceived the level of noise at their work environment is high, prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss (right ear), the highest 31.5% was among Alsbagoon workers and 14.3% among Alhodhood and noise-induced hearing loss (left ear) was 24.1% among Alsbagoon workers and 17.1% among Alhodhood. Conclusions: Workers in weaving section of both factories and preparing section in Alsbagoon factory were exposed to average levels of noise above 85 dBA, the major risk factors for NIHL were the duration and the level of noise exposure and hearing loss was significantly associated with working experience of more than 10 years.

Daily Wind speed data at 12:00 hour from 1998 to 2007 for Ormara, Pakistan has been analyzed and Weibull distribution parameters are estimated by five numerical methods, namely Method of moments (MoM), Empirical Method (EMP), Energy Pattern Factor Method (EPM), Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM) and Modified Maximum Likelihood Method (MMLM). A comparison of these methods has also been shown. The mean wind speed for each month is predicted by values of shape and scale parameters and compared with the corresponding measured mean wind speed.

How to effectively translate proverbs has always been a difficulty to certain extent, due to its close relation to cultural aspects since it belongs to the genre of the traditional verbal folklore. This study provides an analysis of the translation methods to render proverbs with the minimum loss possible in the proverb connotative meaning.

Flirting nowadays is deemed to occur with every individual including gays and lesbian. The study primarily aimed to gain descriptive understanding of the flirting techniques used by gays and lesbians. It utilized the descriptive and qualitative approach to the research design, and case study as the tradition of inquiry. Through the utilization of an in-depth interview, data was collected involving four sets of gays and lesbians. The subjects were selected using Purposive and Snowball sampling. Results revealed that in terms of flirting techniques, both gay and lesbians make use of verbal, nonverbal, and mediated approach. Verbal may include rapport by means of flattery, humor, and reciprocal disclosure. It also comprised the use of money or benefits and flirted channels. Non-verbal approach involved varieties of body signals like smile, eye contact, touch, and self-presentation. Moreover, mediated communication included the use of different mediums such as social media in the form of Facebook, dating sites, and Tumblr, cell phones, and calling cards. The study concludes that flirting was very much practiced nowadays as the answers of the participants had reflected the use of different techniques in flirting. The gays excel more in verbal flirting while the lesbians manage to flirt non-verbally. The study recommends the LGBT community to lead and aim for the publication of a book about homosexual flirting that will serve as a guide for individuals in decoding and understanding its whole concept.

The study sought to gain descriptive findings on the experiences on how family communication of Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) families is reshaped using Mediated Communication (MC) to Computer-mediated Communication (CMC). Mediated communication tools are classified as snail mail, voice tape, telephone and mobile phone while CMC tools were the use of internet or computers for communication. The problems they encounter in using MC to CMC; the changes happened in the family connection made by MC to CMC and their adjustments to these changes. The study utilized the qualitative approach to learning and understood the effects of MC to CMC in the family communication of OFW families. Furthermore, it used Case Study to present 7 family cases such as mother-son, mother-daughter, sister-sister, father-son, and couples. Participants were purposively chosen based on the criteria set by the researchers. Results revealed the intervention of CMC in the Family communication of OFWs: 1) Differing choices of tools are considered based on participant?s preferences and characteristics of tools. 2) As a communication tool changes, the messages also transformed. Moreover, 3) different communication tools have different characteristics and bring various levels of closeness. Technical problems, availability, cost and process of the medium are factors that affect the communication of OFW families. Problems are dealt accordingly to the possible solutions that participants commonly knew. OFW Families adjust correspondingly to the nature of the tools and regarding the factors such as the time difference, special occasions, emergencies, and threat to weaker family relationship.

The nationalism, as an ideology, has historically been treated in different ways, depending from who and which political system. There have been various opinions of different scholars upon this subject. These distinct opinions allow us to identify, as well establish or determine whether this phenomenon is useful or detrimental. As a matter of fact, the historical and geopolitical circumstances within the territory and culture should be taken into consideration when analyzing the effects that nationalism has had in the creation of these circumstances.

Religious extremism, fundamentalism and radicalization are most often considered as the synonyms. The cost of radicalization is measured from different angles around the globe. The immediate cost of radicalization is the loss of human lives, damage of property and infrastructure etc. The rise religious extremism in Pakistan has weakened the economy of the country at a greater scale. Schools, hospitals and road infrastructure have been seriously damaged by terrorist activities. Besides, terrorism has affected the tourism industry, investment and capital inflow of the country. The value of the currency has also depreciated which has caused inflation and unemployment in the country. The growth rate of GNP is declining and budget deficit is also increasing due to the gap in balance of payments. The study in hand presents the glimpse of the macroeconomic variables that are fluctuating due to this phenomenon and are affecting the economy. Historical background of exchange rate is discussed while descriptive statistics is used to analyze the economic cost that Pakistan has to pay or suffer because of the rise of this phenomenon. Moreover the theoretical link of terrorism and macroeconomic variables is also presented. Some suggestions are also given at the end to prevent the economy from further damages due to this phenomenon .

ERCC2/XPD, is one of the core genes involved in transcription- coupled NER pathway (a fundamental defense mechanism against the carcinogenic effects of sunlight and certain genetic defects in the DNA repair pathways); and its functional polymorphisms may be associated with the risk of different types of cancers. The present investigation includes Lys751Gln & Asp312Asn polymorphisms in a case-control hospital based study in 100 Kashmiri GC patients &100 age & sex matched controls. It was observed that most of the cases were males, numbering 72 with a maximum number falling in the age group of 56-65 years; whereas female GC cases were only 28 with a maximum number in the age group of 56-65 years as in the males. The male GC cases were all smokers especially hooka smokers. All female cases were non-smokers. Statistically significant results were observed in GC cases who were smokers with a pvalue of <0.0001; ?2 =63.15; O.R. =7.427 and 3.919to 14.081 of 95%C.I., suggesting a strong correlation between smoking and the risk of GC. Among the dietary factors the intake of salt tea that was consumed by both the GC cases as well controls was found to be statistically insignificant (Fishers exact test =0.134; O.R. =1.644 and 95% C.I. = 0.90 to 2.976). Statistically significant values were found in GC cases who included preserved dried foods in their diet. (Fishers exact test = <0.0001; O.R. = 11.643; and 95% C.I. =5.542 to 24.46). The intake of too much of spices and chillies in the diet of GC cases was also found to be statistically significant. (Fishers exact test =0.007; O.R. = 2.257 and 95% C.I. = 1.28 to 3.979) suggesting the role of these dietary foods in the GC risk.

Neuroendocrine tumorsare neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine (hormonal) and nervous systems. By in-depth analysis of the chromosome 21, segment 40/105 (21q21.1), a novel human gene was identified, which was previously never found to have any coding region, which is the CYYR1 gene/protein of unknown functionality.The gene consists of four exons and spans about 107 kb, including a very large intron of 85.8 kb.. The most prominent feature identified in the protein family is a central, unique cysteine and tyrosine-rich domain, which is strongly conserved from lower vertebrates (fishes) to humans but is absent in bacteria and invertebrates. In our present study, we have tried to study the protein in detail using insilico analysis and modeled the protein, along with analyzing its interactions with putative interacting proteins. It was modelled using de novo pathway as there was no structure more than 34.783% identity. The modelled structure had overall quality to of 38% which was enhanced upto 86.047 % by using loop modeling concept by ModLoop software. The Interactome was predicted using Genemania which gave us average interactions with many genes but among them most prominent was FLT1 and CALCR1. The docking studies revealed that there might be interaction between FLT1 which is a kinase enzyme, while interaction with CALCR1 was not of prominence. The interaction thus provides us an idea that there might be some kind of interaction between FLT1 and CYYR1 which has an important role in activating the gene/protein leading to the disease that it causes.

Reform of the education system, among other things, includes improving teacher performance, and consequently raising the quality of teaching in the classroom. To achieve this aim, we need consistently qualified and professionally developed teachers.

Generally, Sex Appeal Marketing is very common in the fragrance industry, especially in western countries and this study attempts to to investigate the impact of shopper typologies towards Sex Appeal Marketing among postgraduate students in Malaysia. Shopper typologies in this study were referring to Respondents’ temperament types (Guardian, Artisan, Idealist and Rational) and their cultural preferences (Individualism and Collectivism). Besides personality and Cultural Orientation of respondents and demographic factor were asked and analyzed. Results showed that there were significant differences of sex appeal perception by temperaments and cultural orientations. The conclusion, implication, and limitation of this study were also discussed.

Allurement (the power of semi-hard) pays to gravity (soft power) that is the imposition of the will of the Government in the present international discipline. In this respect its imensions can be study in the three cultural, economic and political dimensions. Sport is also one of the main sources of culture. Today, in the new global environment and displacement of powers, especially the everincreasing importance of soft power in the direct of national interests, its application is an undeniable necessity in the context of the global political economy transformations . Therefore, this research with the research purpose about the nature, dimensions and application of soft power in the present international system is looking for its analysis in sport and its impact on the countries convergence. Hence the present research is looking for the answer to this question, in the current state of the international system, does the use of soft power towards hard power have the most influence on the relations between countries? Why the use of the soft power on the economic development of some countries put positive impact? And do the exercise as one of the components of creating of soft power will affect on the convergence countries? Based on this purpose, by using of a descriptive and analytic method and the principles of political science and international relations of library studies method pays to classification and related hypothesis analysis. Therefore, the result of research showes that in the area of power, recognition and the superiority of a country toward s other countries, from the way of sport races ,its a superiority sign and influencing exercise in creating of soft power. On the other hand, the Governments investment in sport in addition to economic development will have a positive impact on the creation of the Alliance integrity, and a countrys national pride.

Mangroves are extremely dynamic ecological entities which supply energy to aquatic as well as terrestrial habitats through their production and decomposition of plant debris. Tropical and subtropical region coastal zone dominating plant is mangrove and these ecosystems are known as very unique ecosystems with a large biodiversity. These trees have ability to survive in a high salt concentration them subjected to tides of the oceans. Mangrove plants shown number of adaptation such as pneumatophores, salt glands, salt exclusion and vivipary. Mangroves are chief and necessary ecosystems. They function in sediment trap provide protection to coral reefs from destruction. Mangrove ecosystem is excellent fish nurseries. The local people collect food, timber and charcoal from mangrove forests. Mangrove ecosystem destruction and fragmentation is observed. This destruction is caused by rigorous cutting, pollution and human activities. Siltation is one of the major reason mangroves ecosystem destruction. High siltations suspend large particles cover and consequently smother the roots causing oxygen shortage and possible death of the trees. Siltation imposed water and oxygen stress. Mangrove responded to siltation by anatomical and physiological adaptations. Mangrove plants are shown anatomical changes such as smaller number of stomata and leaves. Though, some adaptations are species specific. Mangroves are thus negatively influenced by siltation and the trees will adapt their anatomical and physiological characteristics. In this review paper discuss mangrove plants anatomical and physiological adaptation to siltation.

Insurance is not a recent origin. It has been enforce in India dated back to the Vedic period. Establishment of Oriental Life Insurance Corporation by Anita Bhavsar in 1818 forms the basis of present life insurance industry in India. Insurance sector constitutes as one of the important pillar of the financial market. In 2000, Government reopens the Indian insurance industry to private companies which leads to the remarkable growth (increasing trends) in life insurance business. The sector witnesses a multi-fold growth in terms of insurance density (4 fold), amount of investment (5 fold), total premium (4 fold), number of new policy issued (doubled), number of offices opened (4 times) etc. Even a tremendous growth in life insurance industry, there are still a large portion of population who are remain uninsured. It demonstrates the lot of opportunities. But in last few years, the performance of life insurance industry has been shown a downfall (decreasing trends) because of slow economic growth rate, higher inflation, global crises, low saving etc. So, life insurers required to change their strategies and offered customized product so that the untapped market can be served effectively. This paper is an attempt to study the trends and pattern of Indian life insurance industry.

The present paper is an attempt to describe the formation and role of adjectives in ‘Inpui’, an endangered and undocumented language of Manipur. The language belongs to the Naga-Bodo sub group of Kabui section of Tibeto-Burman family (cf: Grierson, LSI Volume III, part II). Inpui is an SOV language. Inpui adjectives are derived through the affixation of the attributive derivational prefix -k? to the verbal noun. For example, the adjective ‘k?sinnu’ ‘small’ is derived from the stative verb ‘sin’ ‘be small’ as in ‘k?sinnu naup??’ ‘small boy’ where naup?? is ‘boy’. In this language the position of adjectives and nouns are interchangeable i.e. adjectives may appear before or after the nouns they modify as in ‘k?sinnu naup??’ ‘small boy’ or ‘naup?? k?sinnu’ ‘small boy’. Five types of adjective will be discussed in this paper viz. Adjective denoting quality (‘k?sanu nausen’ ‘good child’), Adjective denoting quantity (‘bu k?sem’ ‘some rice’); Adjective denoting numerals (‘dip k?ni’ ‘two books’), Adjective denoting demonstrative (‘h?g? t?lathu’ ‘this shirt’) and Adjective of comparison (‘k?-bum-dom-nu ben’ ‘blacker pot’). The paper will also throw a light on the area of prototypical adjectives (size, colour, auditory qualities, shape, taste and tactile) and less prototypical adjectives (evaluative, transitory states and states of living). Adjectives reduplication will also be discussed at the end of the paper. The above mentioned points will be discussed with illustrative examples in the paper.

A number of antibiotics are known to be produced commercially with the help of different microorganisms. In the present study some soil bacteria with the antibiotic activities were screened and studied, especially for some important growth factors like Temperature, pH and source of Carbon and Nitrogen that affects production of antibiotics. The antibiotic producing microorganisms Micrococcus varians, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus alvei were tested against a most crucial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. The study revealed that the optimum temperature was 30ºC and pH 7 for the prodication of antibiotics. While the best Carbon source is Glucose and most suitable Nitrogen source is Peptone followed by Tryptone.

Today besides contracts, as a very important source of law in general and business in particular also the causing of damage appears to us as a source of particular importance. Unlike contracts, where the reconciliation between certain subjects is a general condition for establishing relations liabilities, the causing of damage the liability arises from the fact that the damage is caused to another party. This way, for this exists the obligation that the caused damage should be compensate by someone. So, the base of responsibility for the caused damage may be, the created harm and danger. Compensation can be done either by turning the situation to the situation before the damage caused, or by compensating it with money. Indemnification material can be given in all cases when the property values are damaged, however, even in case of violation of personal values, as in the infliction of death or bodily injury, the court may appoint a reward for material damage.

The present study attempts to investigate the correlates of burnout of secondary school teachers. The study explored the burnout level of secondary school teachers with reference to certain demographic variables like age, gender, marital status and place of living. The study has been conducted on the sample of 300 secondary school teachers of Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) has been used as a measure of burnout among secondary school teachers. t-test and analysis of variance have been employed to analyze the data. The findings of this study reveal that secondary school teachers have lower level of burnout in all three dimensions of burnout i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. It has also been found that secondary school teachers do not differ significantly on their level of burnout according to age, gender and marital status but they significantly differ according to their place of living. The study suggests that it is necessary to control this phenomenon seriously and to device proper plan to decrease its consequences.

Among the biological recourses the herbs are not very large according to the total volume. But they take very important place in accordance with the social importance. There is a great need to the raw herbs. About 40 % of the remedies that used in the Local Healthcare are got from the herbs. Almost all of these remedies are of herbal origin. Mostly they are not got synthetically and not substituted by chemicals (1). Development of the Medical Science on Herbs has been directed to the intensive investigations in this field and to the preparation of medicines from the natural raw materials.

Rankala Lake is situated in the heart of Kolhapur city of Maharashtra. The lake was earlier used for providing drinking water to Kolhapur city but now confined to irrigational and recreational use. Presently, lake serves as a popular picnic spot for the tourists and local residents. Being the location of this lake in centre of the city, there are many sewage terminals pouring sewages in the lake water and therefore heavily polluting the lake which leads to the formation of aquatic weeds in the lake. Lake is turning green since 2011 because of the presence of blue green algae. Since 1994 water hyacinth is been growing into the Rankala Lake at an alarming rate. Deweeding operations are implemented on Rankala Lake for its conservation since 1996 but lake has not become free of it till today. So there is a need to evaluate the performance of these deweeding operations to extract the failures and achievements of these measures so that it can be useful for future lake conservation implementation measures. Thus performance evaluated of this deweeding measure is given here in terms of the failures and achievements of it and some additional measures are also suggested for effective implementation of this measure in future. Based on this status of works and present status of the lake some temporary and permanent remedies for control of water hyacinth are suggested.

Rankala Lake is situated in the heart of Kolhapur city of Maharashtra. The lake was earlier used for providing drinking water to Kolhapur city but now confined to irrigational and recreational use. Presently, lake serves as a popular picnic spot for the tourists and local residents. Being the location of this lake in centre of the city, there are many sewage terminals pouring sewages in the lake water and therefore heavily polluting the lake which leads to the formation of aquatic weeds in the lake. Lake is turning green since 2011 because of the presence of blue green algae. Since 1994 water hyacinth is been growing into the Rankala Lake at an alarming rate. Deweeding operations are implemented on Rankala Lake for its conservation since 1996 but lake has not become free of it till today. So there is a need to evaluate the performance of these deweeding operations to extract the failures and achievements of these measures so that it can be useful for future lake conservation implementation measures. Thus performance evaluated of this deweeding measure is given here in terms of the failures and achievements of it and some additional measures are also suggested for effective implementation of this measure in future. Based on this status of works and present status of the lake some temporary and permanent remedies for control of water hyacinth are suggested.

Education is not only the instrument of enhancing knowledge, efficiency, and accuracy but also a tool of augmenting and widening democratic participation and upgrading the overall individual and society, Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India, Annual Report (2009-2010). The study focuses on the information technology facility of two selected central universities of India viz., Delhi University located in central India and Manipur University located North East India. An analytical study is carried out on the information technology facility of the two select University made available to the students and non-teaching staffs. It is found that there is a need to take care regarding information technology in Manipur University especially the internet facility. Literacy is an essential quality but not a sufficient quality, to bring peace in the society we need the diffusion level so that it can bring integration, broader outlook, patriotism, self-respect, dignity, social outlook, rational and responsible, well cultured, respect for generation, a holistic development in the mankind.

The objective was carried out to develop improved frozen yoghurt with best combination of date pulp and determine the effect of Total four combination of milk and date pulp (96:4, 94 :6,92:8,90:10) on sensory evaluation and overall acceptability was satisfactory blended to yoghurt cultures i.e. Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus NCDC074, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus MCDC009 following by incubation at 400C for 3-4 hours. Control frozen yoghurt mix was standardized to 5% milk fat, solid not fat 11%, sugar 12%, stabilizer and emulsifier 0.3%.

Homelessness has long been a key social concern in societies as well as a rich notional theme in social sciences. The paper examines the homelessness concern in Hong Kong via both secondary data, e.g., Youtube videos and newspaper articles and a Facebook-based questionnaire survey. Analysis is conducted using Excel-based querying and statistical tests. The findings indicate that people with different profiles, notably on age and gender, hold different perceptions on the homelessness problem in Hong Kong. Nevertheless, the Facebook-based survey findings have low external validity. Thus, the findings should only be treated as valuable for stimulating further investigation on the homelessness topic. The paper has also pedagogical value by illustrating how to apply statistical tests on survey data to gain useful findings. The illustrative examples on statistical analysis is helpful for informing students in business studies and housing studies on how to conduct research using the quantitative research techniques as applied in this study.

Despite the long history of research, the leadership study field is characterized by substantial diversity of ideas and leadership models. This paper formulated a dialectical framework on leadership to comprehend the diversity of leadership theories. The framework is then employed to examine the leadership profile of the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong. The paradoxical theme of “how to strengthen the leadership function of a leaderless Umbrella Movement” is studied in terms of the dialectical framework of leadership. The main argument is that the leadership profile of the Umbrella Movement can be usefully comprehended with the framework. The discussion in the paper is informed by a recent Facebook-based questionnaire survey carried out by the writer. In short, the paper offers a novel way to make sense of and evaluate both the leadership theories and the leadership profile of the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong.

Background: Mother is the decision makers in matters of health-care for children; thus, they play an important role in achieving the best oral health outcomes for their young children. Objective: To assess knowledge on brushing pattern among caregivers was our ultimate goal. Methodology: This was a cross sectional observational study. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to collect data. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to take interview. Prior interview verbal consent was taken from every respondent. Result: Mean±SD age was 27.16±6.45 year. More than half of the respondents (51.1%) got information on brushing pattern from TV. Besides 19.1%, 14.5% and 14.5% respondents got information from family members, textbook and dentist respectively. No significant association was found between occupation of respondents and knowledge on brushing pattern (P=0.068>0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that knowledge on brushing pattern was not satisfactory and need to be improved.

The measures carried out without taking into account the factor of food is the reason for the decrease in economic efficiency of the plant and leads to environmental pollution. For the reason that variety Maslyanka the amount of protein and fat significantly more than in other varieties of sunflower number Homoesoma nebulella it is significantly less than what causes 1,2% damage of seeds of sunflower

This paper gives a detailed analysis of measured wind speed data in an attempt to estimate wind energy potential for Pasni, Baluchistan, Pakistan. The wind speed data over a period of 10 years (2002-2011) on daily basis measured at Midnight & Noon for Pasni and used Weibull probability distribution function for data fitting. In order to calculate two Weibull parameters, i.e., shape and scale parameters seven different statistical methods are used. These methods include (EM) Empirical Method, (MLM) Maximum Likelihood Method, (PDM) probability density method, (MMLM) Modified Maximum Likelihood Method, (MLE) Method of Least Squares, (MoM) Method of Moments, and (EPFM) Energy Pattern Factor Method. Their validity is tested using, statistical analysis for the goodness of fit is performed using (RMSE) Root mean Square Error and Coefficient of determination or R-square tests. Cumulative distribution function (CDF) and Weibull probability density function (PDF) are determined for the actual time-series wind speed data using the specified shape and scale parameters.

This paper deals to the state governance forms and as well governance systems based on the constitutions of other Southeast European countries, focusing mainly in the democratic direction of political regime based on the constitution of Southeast European countries and Kosovo. Base on the empiric and comparative analysis of orientation and states included in the survey this abstract treats values and democratic orientation expressed through preamble and as well basic provisions, and some states in the basic principles, where mainly Southeast European countries in the primarily set independence, sovereignty, civil, democratic state based on law domination and social justice as well, civil democratic principles , human , minority rights and freedoms, likewise engagement in European principles and values .

Hindi is used as 1st language in Hindi spoken areas and used as 2nd language not only in Indian subcontinent but also in many countries out of India. It has its own grammar, user (for writing, speaking and reading) and great history. Being an autonomous language, it uses the Devanagari script to symbolize its sounds and has borrowed abound vocabularies from various languages (Arabic, Sanskrit and etc). The aim of my paper is to throw a light with the following questions on the current need of modification in Hindi alphabet chart – (1) having been written in the same script, Hindi and Sanskrit are different languages. Why are the sounds of Sanskrit being applied in Hindi language when they do not exist in this language? (2) Hindi has borrowed words from various languages (Arabic, French, and English etc). Why don’t we have symbols for the words of those languages except Sanskrit? (3) Why don’t we make Hindi alphabet easier in terms of society and technology?

The paper attempts to highlight the essence of the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and political risk in particular. In fact, the thorough review of the literature that attempted to analyze the issue of the firm link between foreign investors to implement and the risk of the host countries. The prime contribution of the present article focuses on identifying the nature of the causality existing between the political climate and the decision of foreign investors. We could sum up the methodology adopted in the paper by steps: we attempted in a first step to analyze the evolution of political risk and FDI in Tunisia through the utilization of a descriptive approach. In second step, we carried out an empirical investigation focusing on the utilization of the time series methodology.

Indian English poetry is nearly 200yrs old. „Indian English Poetry after Independence? known as „Post-Independence Indian English poetry? is a new genre and has witnessed the most crucial developments. It marks a decisive break or departure from the imitative or the derivative „tradition? of pre-independence Indian English poetry and is engaged in technical and thematic innovativeness. The conflict between tradition and modernity at different spheres---social, cultural, familiar, national and cosmopolitan---is evident in the works of the poets of this era. Having freed themselves from the clutches of „Englishness?, the poets of this age have started writing a verse more in tune with age, its general temper and its literary ethos.

Contemporary Indian English Literature belongs to postcolonial literature like all other literature as Canadian, Caribbean or Australian literature. In the post-independence era, almost all the poets came with their decolonized approaches and individuality in order to create a poetic tradition in a indigenous way. In that period so many poets came to contribute in Indian English Literature who tried to show in their writing cultural dislocation, linguistic displacement, personal dilemma, acute geographical dislocation, problem of writing poetry in a language which is adopted not inherited. RajgopalParthasarathy is one of them who shows similarity with the characteristics mentioned above. He tries to recreate the stability and lost order of the society and culture. This paper attempts to highlight the cultural dilemma ad search for roots and identity Parthasarathy through some of his poems from ‘Rough Passage’

Background: Problems faced by widows in India are innumerable. They are discriminated, abused, insulted and neglected by the society. In general, people in India have a different outlook about them. Majority of the population in India does not like the presence of widows during the celebrations of marriage and some auspicious functions of the families. The lives of widows are subjected to deprivation, struggles and various forms of abuses, which makes them disempowered.

The women residing in sub-standard settlements in the city of corporation of Chennai, Tamil Nadu are not only economically and socially backward but also a neglected and marginalized section of society. The unhygienic environment of the slums coupled with sub-standard settlements bereft of basic amenities greatly compromise the health and wellbeing of the slum dwellers, especially the women. In addition, lack of proper in-take of nutritional foods adversely affects their health. Since their staple diet consists of only rice, obtained from ration shop, their diet is devoid of other foods that contain essential calorie to sustain them. The study has revealed that poor health status of women was also due to marriages at an early age, resulting in early age pregnancies and improper pregnancy spacing. The study was undertaken in two slums namely Namachivayapuram and Apparao garden of Zone – 8 in the corporation of Chennai. It is inferred that more than 31% of women have more than three children. A whopping 67% women delivered the first child before the age of 21, was a worrying discovery made from the study. More so, these young mothers do not get sufficient pre-natal and post-natal care to keep their heath and that of their children in an enhanced ondition. It is heartening to note that no deliveries took place at their homes; instead all the deliveries were either at the government hospitals or private clinics. The environment at the government hospitals and primary health centers is quite unhygienic compared to private clinics. No woman likes the foul smell that emanates from government health care settings. The women prefer the primary health care centres for deliveries as they could hardly afford private clinics. As women are less educated their awareness standard in these matters is also very low.

Discrimination based on the caste and descent forces social marginalisation on people belonging to lower casts (Dalits)1 in India. Although government of India has taken number of steps for the upliftment of Dalit people. However, due to some flows in the law of the state itself, fruitful results are not coming yet. In this situation Dalit woman is the uppermost victim of the discrimination as she is a women, she is a Dalit and she is a poor. Our paper will focus on the systemic flaw in the law of state itself which according to our view is the main cause of this apathy towards Dalit discrimination particularly women, which results in Human rights violation. In our view, to eradicate this discrimination form the bud, a relevant and stringent law with full political will is the need of the hour.

It is often said that the status and position of women in society are the best way to understand a civilization, its progress and its shortcomings. In case of India, women have come a long way from women sages and scholars in the Rig Vedic period to women in the armed forces, IT sector, politics, industry and other significant areas while balancing their role as a daughter, wife and mother. This journey towards modernization has not been easy. Women have had to fight the traditional Indian male-dominated society to emerge as stronger and independent entities. While all these are positive developments, cases of rape, harassment at workplace and dowry deaths are rampant. Illiteracy and ignorance about their rights are still prevalent among a majority of the women. It is in this background this paper lays stress on the evolution, status, development of women and their empowerment in India from a historical point of view.

The state of Jammu and Kashmir has lost its identity. The 1947 partition of the country has imprinted long-lasting bitterness in the minds of people and drew a separating line (LOC) along the borders. It is certainly a hectic task to establish peace in the disturbed regions of the Jammu and Kashmir, but in no way outside the limits of possibility. The civil societies and NGOs, being neutral in character, can play a soothing role in maintaining peace and establishing of confidence among the people of valley.

Background: Persisting neck pain is a common problem among office workers. With industrialization and growing economy, in developing countries like Bangladesh, lifestyle and work pattern is changing very quickly. With this momentum of our corporate culture we are facing some occupational hazards. Work related neck is a prominent problem and public health concern among these occupational hazards. Objective: To assess the proportion of neck pain and its associated risk factors among office workers in Dhaka city was the aim of this study.Methodology: A cross sectional analytical study was done in 10 private offices throughout the Dhaka city from July 2013 to December 2013. Non probability purposive sampling was used to collect data. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data and it was reviewed and analyzed by using SPSS. Result: In this study 18.4% and 48.8% of the respondents had regular and occasional neck pain. Most of the respondent (55.7%) had muscle spasm which was the main cause of neck pain and preventable indeed. Rest of the respondent had abnormal sensation like burning, tingling and numbness. Result revealed that neck pain might be associated with type of job (P= 0.009), sitting position (P=0.038), rest time during work (P=0.05), regular physical exercise (P=0.001), proper ventilation on the work place (p=0.035) and proper sleeping pattern (0.012). Conclusion: With growing industrialization occupational hazard like neck pain is putting a remarkable impact on our society. To reduce and prevent this problem proper intervention plan should be implemented immediately.

This paper presented the results of the study with following three research questions: (1) What are the mathematics teachers’ opinions on teaching mathematics word problems in primary schools of Vietnam? (2) Do primary school students like to solve mathematics word problem? (3) What have students’ the difficulties been in solving mathematics word problems? The subjects were 120 primary school students and 88 teachers of primary schools in the city “Bac Lieu” – Vietnam. The study results showed that most teachers were aware of the importance of the mathematics word problem, and students liked to solve this type of problems. However, students often had many difficulties to find out the strategies for solving word problems and they also often committed errors in process of problem solving.

Introduction: the laparoscopic splenectomy became in the last years the surgical treatment of choice in partients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, which didn’t respond to medical treatment. Material and method: this retrospective study presents our experience in splenectomies, open and laparoscopic, that were performed in the last year in patients with ITP, as well as the advantages of the minimally invasive method. Results: we performed 6 splenectomies in patients with ITP, from which 5 were laparoscopic. The postoperative evolution was without complications, with zero mortality and there were no incidents or accidents during the interventions, except a converted laparoscopy and a reintervention during the first postoperative 24 hours for a intraperitoneal bleeding. Conclusions: the main advantages for laparoscopic splenectomy are lower postoperative analgesia, rapid regain of digestive tolerance, shortening of hospitalization.

Advanced Parkinson Disease is a frequent disease that benefits from a multidisciplinary approach. In the period of 2012-2014 in the neurological and surgical clinics of Colentina Hospital there were treated a number of 27 patients, that benefited from duodenal continuous infusion with Duodopa gel through percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension (PEG/J). Results were good, without any serious surgical complication. Neurologic improvement was evident.

This research paper draws on Moni Mohsin?s The Diary of a Social Butterfly (2009) which has earned fame as a journalistic literature within the South Asian literature. Apart from other striking features of this book, what engages the reader most is Mohsin?s use of „Urduized? as well as „Punjabized? English. Mohsin ventures for many a novel and pungent flavor of English by creating new words or putting the existing words into a new ecology of context. My argument in this paper is that Mohsin?s book provides a study of various kinds of neologisms and the examination of these novel creations will add new insights to lexicology as well as to the book itself. And since no study so far has been conducted in this regard, this will contribute something very original.

The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of Brain Based Learning Strategy for enhancing Creativity among IX standard pupils. The present study is quasi experimental in nature with pre-test post test nonequivalent group design. Total of 50 subjects were selected by purposive sampling and divided into two groups (n = 25) and controls (n = 25) groups from a Government Aided school in Coimbatore. Both groups were measured and compared at the end of the sessions. It can be concluded from the present study that Brain-Based Learning strategy is more effective in the experimental group and had higher scores than the conventional method after analyzing and measuring t-test as the statistical measurement. It seems that using Brain Based Learning Strategy improves and enhances the creativity of secondary school students.

Let the Great World Spin by Colum McCann introduces a new form of narration, one that problematizes the traditional role of voice and technique. Therefore, to simply label the text as polyphonic is to do half the work. This paper tends to examine the multi-person narration in the novel exploring its nature and function in the immediate context of the novel. By employing Bakhtin’s concept of chronotope the paper analyze the spatio-temporal setting of the novel. The paper posits that polyphonic narration in the novel ruptures the socio-economic hierarchies as they are presented in the 1970s American milieu as depicted in the novel. It makes unusual connections between the reader and the text by evolving a non-linear structure in which characters, despite being located in different positions are threaded together through a single event. It also creates a link between the fact and fiction because McCann has designed his textual plot around a real event of aerial artistry which in turn is linked with various imaginary characters. Thus it not only ensures broader social analysis of the American society but also introduces a new form of narration in which divergent voices despite contesting for a semantic space in the text converge on a single event; one which not only metaphorically unifies them but also ties and unties the knots of the plot.

The study compared the effects of 12 weeks of treatment for chronic back pain sufferers in man with 40-30 years old that referred to an orthopedic surgeon and specialist clinics in Borujerd in 2014 who chosen randomly and were divided into two experimental groups of 10 subjects (10 treated with Pilates exercises and 10 patients treated with Williams) and a control group of 10 subjects. Using Vas pain questionnaire and using oblique muscle range of motion and flexibility and abdominal muscles power tests before and after treatment were measured. After 12 weeks of Pilates and Williams exercises, Williams exercises group has reduced the amount of pain as well as improving their performance was evident and the strength and flexibility increased significantly in compared of Pilates and the control group. As a result of chronic low back pain Pilates exercises better than Williams to the treatment of men 40-30 years.

This paper investigates the relationship between the organizational commitment, demographic variables and job engagement. Data were collected using 2 structured questionnaires containing a five point Likert scale, Organizational Commitment Scale by Allen and Meyer (1991) and Job Engagement Scale (JES) by Rich, LePine & Crawford (2010). The study sample consisted of 150 teachers and simple random sampling was used as a sampling technique and this study was ex-post facto in nature. For the purposes of data analysis, correlation and multiple- regression were applied. The findings of the research revealed that age and income significantly correlated with organizational commitment, while job engagement is positively and significantly correlated with age, marital status, education, income, and work experience of the teachers. The study found that continuance commitment was the significant predictor of job engagement. Implication, limitation and suggestion for future research are discussed.

The present study focuses on the folk dramatic tradition of Bhadrak District of Odisha. It highlights communal harmony and established cultural, social, economical, and administrative condition of the then Mughal-Maratha rule in Odisha, especially in the coastal belt of the state. It also gives glimpse of folk dramatic tradition in India. There are different types of folk drama have been performing by the people of India in general and Odisha in particular. Despite ample doses of entertainment and creativity, this folk art form that grew and flourished mainly in Bhadrak district is now on a fast decline. Mughal Tamasha is a unique folkart that is symbolic of the state’s rich cultural history. The play that was performed dates back to 18th century and was a classic casein point of Hindu-Muslim unity. The dramatised version bore ample testimony to the fact that both communities co-existed peacefully. Odisha, then a part of the Bengal-Bihar province rich with indigenous culture was free from communal tension. Mughal Tamasha brings under focus the influence of Muslim rule in Odia culture. Folk art that is on the verge of extinction, was also a major attraction of the elite people those who want keep alive old culture and tradition

The insurgent movement started in Kashmir in the 1990s by dissatisfied Kashmiri youth with an active support provided by Pakistan to liberate the state of Jammu and Kashmir from the clutches of India. The movement costs more than one lakh lives and a heavy damage of property worth in millions. The period beyond 1996 shows continuously a decline in the militancy due to the strong counterinsurgency campaign of the Indian security forces. Though the violet insurgent movement initiated in 1990 period lost the ground in Kashmir, but it was replaced by a much mature nonviolent reflected by 2008 and 2010 peaceful protests against the innocent killings. The period from 1990 to 1997 Jammu and Kashmir witnessed a number of insurgent groups with different ideologies from pro-Kashmir to pro-Pakistan stand. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse changing nature of militancy from the violent towards onviolent way of résistance that the Kashmiri people shows against the Indian rule.

Education illuminates one’s mind and leads one in one’s life. It is the teacher who transforms a child into a good social being. The teacher’s attitude towards his/her profession directly impacts the student’s achievement. The present study was aimed at assessing the attitude of secondary school working teacher’s towards teaching profession belonging to early adulthood and late adulthood stage. The sample of working teachers (N=100) was taken from Secondary Schools of Aligarh Muslim University. The investigator used the “Attitude Scale” developed by S.P. Ahluwalia to measure the attitude of 100 individuals. Mean, standard deviation and t-value were calculated. Results revealed that teacher’s belonging to early adulthood stage had better and positive attitude towards teaching profession as compared to teachers belonging to late adulthood stage.

The present study is carried out to check the validation of the different biotic indices over the biological samples collected from Ninglad stream. The present study reports the compilation of macroinvertebrate data of two different stations and compares it with the actual study. We use SIGNAL Score, SIGNAL Score 2, BMWP, FBI biotic indices and they report the similar kind of water quality of results as done in actual study. We can say that combination of these biotic indices would be a cost effective and reliable tool to assess the water quality of the rivers and streams. Due the geographical variation in the presence of macro invertebrates across the globe, there is a need to develop the biotic index especially for Indian context for the monitoring and assessment of the water quality of rivers and streams

Imagery has been defined as “using all the senses to re-create or create an experience in the mind”. Imagery has both a cognitive and motivational function. The cognitive function of imagery is the use of mental imagery to experience specific sports skills and to plan strategies in advance for competitions. The motivational function of imagery is the use of imagery to experience goal attainment, effective coping and arousal management requirements. The mental practice literature provides evidence that imagery is an effective cognitive process for enhancing learning and performance of motor skills. The main aim of this study was to correlate the usage of imagery and sports performance among Rowing Athletes. Data was collected from 77 Rowing athletes during a match among universities, using Imagery and Sports Performance questionnaire. One way ANOVA showed significant differences on the level of Imagery Usage among categories of Rowing athletes, F (3, 77) = 18.781, p<.01. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between imagery and sports performance. The results indicated a positive correlation between internal imagery and sports performance, (r = 0.73; p<0.01), and external imagery and sports performance, (r = 0.78; p<0.01). Sports psychologists, sports counselors and coaches should use the present findings to recommend imagery to enhance athletes’ performance.

Imagery has been defined as “using all the senses to re-create or create an experience in the mind”. Imagery has both a cognitive and motivational function. The cognitive function of imagery is the use of mental imagery to experience specific sports skills and to plan strategies in advance for competitions. The motivational function of imagery is the use of imagery to experience goal attainment, effective coping and arousal management requirements. The mental practice literature provides evidence that imagery is an effective cognitive process for enhancing learning and performance of motor skills. The main aim of this study was to correlate the usage of imagery and sports performance among Taekwondo athletes. Data was collected from 78 Taekwondo athletes during a match among universities, using Imagery and Sports Performance questionnaire. One way ANOVA showed significant differences on the level of Imagery Usage among categories of Taekwondo athletes, F (3, 69) = 16.435, p<.01. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between imagery and sports performance. The results indicated a positive correlation between internal imagery and sports performance, (r = 0.78; p<0.01), and external imagery and sports performance, (r = 0.79; p<0.01). Sports psychologists, sports counselors and coaches should use the present findings to recommend imagery to enhance athletes’ performance.

The main purpose of this study was to identify the levels of somatic anxiety and sport performances among Track and Field athletes of different skill. In other words, this research aims to correlates the relationship between the level of somatic anxiety and sport performance. The instrument used for the study comprised of a 27-item Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 and The Psychological Performance Inventory which had been distributed during sport between universities competition. The sample consisted of 113 Track and Field players, including the national athletes (N=37), state athletes (N=38), district athletes (N=25) and university athletes (N= 13).The results showed that elite or national Track and Field athletes exhibited lower levels of somatic anxiety, F (3, 113) = 17.731, p < .01. The result also showed that the exits of negative correlation between somatic anxiety and sport performance among Track and Field players, (r = -0.61; p<0.05). Sport psychologists, sport counselors and coaches should use the present findings to recommend coping strategies to university and district level athletes that are appropriate for dealing with their athletes’ somatic anxiety.

The main purpose of this study was to identify the levels of somatic anxiety and sport performances among Rowing athletes of different skill. In other words, this research aims to correlates the relationship between the level of somatic anxiety and sport performance. The instrument used for the study comprised of a 27-item Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 and The Psychological Performance Inventory which had been distributed during sport between universities competition. The sample consisted of 77 Rowing players, including the national athletes (N=27), state athletes (N=17), district athletes (N=18) and university athletes (N= 15).The results showed that elite or national Rowing athletes exhibited lower levels of somatic anxiety, F (3, 77) = 14.180, p < .01. The result also showed that the exits of negative correlation between somatic anxiety and sport performance among Rowing players, (r = -0.66; p<0.05). Sport psychologists, sport counselors and coaches should use the present findings to recommend coping strategies to university and district level athletes that are appropriate for dealing with their athletes’ somatic anxiety.

The main purpose of this study was to identify the levels of somatic anxiety and sport performances among Running athletes of different skill. In other words, this research aims to correlates the relationship between the level of somatic anxiety and sport performance. The instrument used for the study comprised of a 27-item Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 and The Psychological Performance Inventory which had been distributed during sport between universities competition. The sample consisted of 107 Running players, including the national athletes (N=33), state athletes (N=21), district athletes (N=35) and university athletes (N= 18).The results showed that elite or national Running athletes exhibited lower levels of somatic anxiety, F (3, 107) = 16.339, p < .01. The result also showed that the exits of negative correlation between somatic anxiety and sport performance among Running players, (r = -0.65; p<0.05). Sport psychologists, sport counselors and coaches should use the present findings to recommend coping strategies to university and district level athletes that are appropriate for dealing with their athletes’ somatic anxiety.

Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SCFDMA) has been endorsed in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard for the uplink technique. It is enticing much advantage due to its capability to give lower bit error rate (BER) and peak to average power ratio (PAPR) as compared with the downlink system in LTE. In this paper an improved SCFDMA is proposed which built on the Multiwavelet Transform (MWT) instead of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The results demonstrate that the new modified SCFDMA gives lower BER and decrease the PAPR in all cases when change parameters such as roll off factor, subcarrier mapping and modulation type under the LTE channel model.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among the 125 students selected by systemic sampling within 4 schools, randomly selected and found that overall condition of the health status of the children of low socioeconomic segment which need to intervene immediately.

This paper describes the awareness, access and use of electronic resources available in the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai. The usages of electronic journals and electronic books have been increased rapidly. The study focused on the use of different types of electronic information resources, awareness of users, access and use of digital resources freely available by the Post Graduate Students, Ph.D Scholars and Faculty Members. This study evaluate the role of Internet in access of eresources through different search engines (e.g. Google, AltaVista, Msn, Yahoo, etc.), and offline databases in CD/DVD formats that can be accessed without the help of internet.

This study looked into the experiences of VSO Bahaginan Filipino international volunteers who worked on the health and education programs of VSO in foreign developing countries. Through their experiences, it shed light in knowing the perspective of a Filipino volunteer in an international context. The study used qualitative research approach to learning the experiences of Filipino international volunteers and give depth to the data collected. The researchers used case study in describing and analyzing volunteers’ experiences. Moreover, descriptive method was used to give qualitative descriptions of the phenomena. The results include various reasons, enabling factors, activities, challenges, threats encountered; lessons learned and achievements from the experience of international volunteering. The results showed significant information about the topic on being an international volunteer.

The two hundred years rule of the Somavamsis form a magnificent era, in the cultural heritage of Odisha. For the first time Kalinga, Utkala, Kongoda and Kosala were unified and brought under one political authority. The uniform pattern of administration, removed disorder and confusion throughout the state and paved the way for a cultural synthesis leading to the emergence of a unique Odia culture. The Odishan temple architecture took a concrete form during the Somavamsis and the kingdom basked in the golden glow of peace and prosperity. Their multiple activities in various fields ushered in a new epoch in the political and cultural history of Odisha and for that they have remained immortal in the minds of the Odishan people

Short Message Sevice (SMS) allows text-based messages to be sent to and from mobile telephones on a GSM network. The message from the sending mobile is stored in a central SMS which then forwards it to the destination mobile. The use of SMS for various applications has increased significantly. There is still one area where these services have not been utilized to the right potential field of academics. Although it has the widest reach of all the technologies in the college campus it is still very much underutilized in the student services administration. Students access to mobile phone technology is very high and mobile phone presents a very attractive option to easing communication between the students and the epartment. Students prefer SMS because it keeps them informed of what is happening in the University. Most students feel happy and connected to the university.

India’s strategic partnership with France in 1998 was seen by many strategic experts as a significant change in Indian foreign policy. The demise of the Soviet Union and, later on, India’s nuclear explosion were positive steps to develop an active multidirectional diplomacy which was quite different from the non-alignment. The opening of globalization of India’s economy also had to be matched by the opening of her geo-political horizon. While the United States viewed India’s nuclear explosion as the negative impact of the tests, France offered “a very distinct overarching perspective much more open to India’s expectations. Moreover, the enhanced Indo-French security cooperation offers an opportunity to address much wider issues, which would look into the present status of global order and as well define India’s status in international politics. To examine the development of Indo-French strategic cooperation one has to reassess the historical background of their overall relations and then to suggest the reasons for (1) limited French involvement in Indian affairs before 1991 and (2) after 1991 France’s eagerness to improve relations with the country.

The Higher Education by distance learning in Brazil has been growing substantially during the last decade. In this review that is presented here, a brief historical perspective of higher education in the national context, and the introduction of Distance Learning (EaD) will be addressed, considering recent changes, within the objective to identify determinant factors for distance learning at the higher education, emphasizing the guiding principles of the teacher in the teaching-learning process necessary in the 21st century.

We have studied the relationship between deaths due to suicide incident in United State and Northern Ireland with solar coronal index (CI) observed during the period of 1997 to 2008. The data shows that the number of deaths due to suicide and suicide rate (Death due to suicide per 100000) in United State and male, female, total death in Northern Ireland is well correlated with the yearly mean of coronal index (CI). We have calculated a medium good negative correlation, with correlation coefficients of - 0.46, -052, between yearly total number of male deaths, yearly total number of deaths (male female) in Northern Ireland and yearly mean of solar coronal index (CI) and large negative correlation with correlation coefficient -0.62 between total number of female death in Northern Ireland and yearly mean of solar coronal index (CI). Further we have determined very large negative correlation, with a correlation coefficient of -0.74 between yearly total number of death due suicide in United State and yearly mean of solar coronal index and -0.80 between yearly rates (Death per 100000) of deaths due to suicide in United State and yearly mean of solar coronal index. Further it is seen that rate of suicidal death in United State and total yearly death in Northern Ireland is positively correlated with yearly average of cosmic ray intensity .Large positive correlation with correlation coefficient 0.74 has been obtained between rate of suicidal death in United State and yearly average of cosmic ray intensity and medium good correlation with correlation coefficient 0.52 between yearly total death due to suicide and in Northern Ireland and yearly average of cosmic ray intensity .

This publication, present findings regarding the effect of lectoral system in gender equality representation in parliaments in a comparative approach between European countries and also worldwide. In the same time this effect is analyzed in Albanian situation specially connected with the European integration challenge, taking in consideration also the Albania Progress Report 2013 states that: "Women continue to be underrepresented in public position. In the 2013 parliamentary elections, the three major parties were fined for not respecting the gender quota in the list of candidates for deputies”.

The main purpose of this study was to identify the levels of somatic anxiety and sport performances among football athletes of different skill. In other words, this research aims to correlates the relationship between the level of somatic anxiety and sport performance. The instrument used for the study comprised of a 27-item Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 and The Psychological Performance Inventory which had been distributed during sport between universities competition. The sample consisted of 119 football players, including the national athletes (N=37), state athletes (N=23), district athletes (N=23) and university athletes (N= 36).The results showed that elite or national football athletes exhibited lower levels of somatic anxiety, F (3, 119) = 17.456, p < .01. The result also showed that the exits of negative correlation between somatic anxiety and sport performance among football players, (r = - 0.71; p<0.05). Sport psychologists, sport counselors and coaches should use the present findings to recommend coping strategies to university and district level athletes that are appropriate for dealing with their athletes’ somatic anxiety.

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Taslims Nasrin’s controversial novel, Lajja (Shame) which has attracted world-wide attention, is a dramatic depiction of the communal character of politics and religion which brought a blot on beautiful cultural heritage and caused human tragedy in Bangladesh. Nasrin’s purpose of writing this novel was not to favour or to criticise any religion but to appeal to everymajority community to respect the people of minority community and reminds the government of that country to discharge its duty without showing favouritism towards any one of its citizen. She appeals, “Let another name of religion be humanism”. Nasrin’s Lajja reiterates that what happened over years in Bangladesh was like strangulation and destruction of a beautiful culture and civilization in the name of religion in association with politics. The present paper reveals how religion and politics work together in the persecution of Hindu minority by Muslim majority in a country which was founded on the principles of secularism and socialism.

Stall is an aerodynamic phenomenon in which the profile loses support. When subjected to high angles of attack, the fluid is forced to go from a region of very low pressure (leading edge) to a region of high pressure (trailing edge). Finally, the wing stole when the critical angle or angle stall is reached, point in which fillets of air to give off indicating the separation of the air flow of the extrados wing, resulting in a total loss of support, which reduce the efficiency and the performance of the aircraft. The study of the stall is an element of extreme importance for the design and construction of an aircraft, since it provides the determination and basis of important performance parameters, for example, the minimum operating speed of the aircraft, determining the runway length of the landing and take-off, presenting variances weight, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity what becomes an area of studies very complex. In order to the construction of an aircraft designed to participate in the National Competition SAE Brazil Aero design 2014, was deployed a study in the area of Aerodynamics, returned to the main theme of the study of the stall, for determining the optimal speed and stall angle.

Living in Afghanistan has shown me about the many different aspects that have shaped these women into who they are today. Family is the most important element for a woman in Afghanistan. They have survived through incredibly harsh periods, when education for women was illegal and when being out in public without a male accompaniment was a punishable act as well. Taliban seized control over Kabul (capital of Afghanistan) in 1996. They imposed extreme rules that banished women from the work; they closed schools for girls, denied women from university, force women to wear Burqa. The women in Afghanistan have been crying for help throughout the years. 2001, was a year of happiness for women , new government came to existence and women get involved to their government and took a stand for women rights. New government under the chairmanship of Hamid Karzai give them the opportunity to breath safely after long dark years , now they have right to vote and participate in public debates, women can go to university and they are able to work and are being out without a male accompaniment. Bright days are ahead for women in Afghanistan new election and new resident is a new hope for them to get engaged in governmental affairs, now women have better access to health service, 20 percent of all prosecutors and judges are women. They are none under the Taliban.

Imagery has been defined as “using all the senses to re-create or create an experience in the mind”. Imagery has both a cognitive and motivational function. The cognitive function of imagery is the use of mental imagery to experience specific sports skills and to plan strategies in advance for competitions. The motivational function of imagery is the use of imagery to experience goal attainment, effective coping and arousal management requirements. The mental practice literature provides evidence that imagery is an effective cognitive process for enhancing learning and performance of motor skills. The main aim of this study was to correlate the usage of imagery and sports performance among Running Athletes. Data was collected from 107 Running athletes during a match among different faculty of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), using Imagery and Sports Performance questionnaire. One way ANOVA showed significant differences on the level of Imagery Usage among categories of Running athletes, F (3, 107) = 17.224, p<.01. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between imagery and sports performance. The results indicated a positive correlation between internal imagery and sports performance, (r = 0.77; p<0.01), and external imagery and sports performance, (r = 0.74; p<0.01). Sports psychologists, sports counselors and coaches should use the present findings to recommend imagery to enhance athletes’performance.

Green marketing is revitalizing to re-establish its mark in emerging economies. Although the consumer response is disastrous and disappointing yet green era isn’t over in commercial productions. This study explores the impact of various predictors of green purchase intentions in Pakistani context. From a target population of electronics and information customers from Multan district Punjab, Pakistan, this study adopts convenience approach for sampling from a non-documented population. Self- 0administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Regression analysis was run to statistically validate the hypotheses drawn in prior sections of research. Study findings provided insightful inferences. Green trust, green satisfaction and green corporate image appeared as significant predictors of green purchase intentions however green product image failed to receive significant support. Study carries useful managerial implications fo mall managers and marketers of electronics products manufacturers.

Soil solarization is a natural, hydrothermal process of disinfecting soil from plant diseases that is accomplished through passive soil heating. Adaptation of soil solarization and integrated approaches with neem cake and Carbendazim against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici was undertaken in the green house conditions . A total of seven treatments, were taken up in randomized block design. Sick soil of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici was made @ cfu 3× 105/ g before solarization. After solarization FYM was applied@ 100 g / pot ,Neem cake powder @ 10g/pot and carbendazim @ 2g /10 kg soil in pot. The disease intensity (%) of Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. lycopersici at 60 days after germination was significantly reduced in T3, T4, T5 and T2 as compared with T1 and T0 . At 90,120,150 days, significantly reduced in T3, T5, T4 and T2 from T1 and T0 whereas every the treatments T0 , T1 was significant from each other . The highest reduction (%) was found in (T3, T2, T4, T5) as compared with (T0, T1) .150 days after germination ,the shoot and root length , fresh and dry shoot weight significantly increased in treatment T6 (tomato plant alone) followed by T2 (solarized soil with neem cake ) as compared to control. The fresh and dry root weight ignificantaly increased in treatment T6 (tomato plant alone) and T3 (solarized soil with carbendazim) as compared to control.

After the overthrow of Taliban government in 2001, Pakistan becomes the safe haven for the top Taliban and Al-Qaida leadership. The decision of Musharraf government to support and act as an important ally of USA in its campaign of war against terrorism on the one hand prove very important for the relations between USA and Pakistan, but on the other hand it becomes a cause for the unrest in the tribal areas of Pakistan against both USA and Pakistani government (Neil A. Engelhard 2010). The Taliban leadership under the umbrella of strong ethnic ties with the NWFP of Pakistan are able to gather the support for the rebirth of insurgent movement against the America led NATO forces in Afghanistan.

This research study analyses the errors in the use of articles by bilingual learners at secondary level. Results show that through proper teaching, the chances of errors can be minimized in the use of articles. This study was conducted through an experimental research. After administrating the pre – test, the students were taught through planned lessons and then post test was administered. The chances of pre – test interference were minimized through a separate post – test. The major findings show that students of the post – test group have better performance than the students of pre – test group. Score of pre – test is 60.56% while the score of post – test is 92.05%.

Teacher is the main actor of a school. It is his/her attitude towards the profession that makes one good or bad teacher. It is very clear that a teacher with a positive attitude towards teaching profession will be able to produce good students. The present study was conducted to compare the attitude of female pupil teacher’s pursuing B.Ed. course and secondary school working teacher’s attitude towards the teaching profession. The data includes female pupil teachers (N=79) pursuing B.Ed. course in A.M.U. and secondary school working teachers (N=100) working in A.M.U. The investigator used the “Attitude Scale” developed by S.P. Ahluwalia to measure the attitude of 179 individuals. Results revealed that female pupil teacher’s had better and positive attitude towards teaching profession as compared to working (permanent/experienced) teachers.

Biology is an important discipline of scientific knowledge dealing with a large number of different types of concepts which differ in their extent, number and values. Perhaps, no one would deny the importance of Biological achievement in a child’s life. There are various factors which influence the student’s achievement in Biology. Conjunctive concepts seem to be one of them. It is important predictors of student’s achievement in Biology. The present study was carried out by the investigator on a sample of 300 students of grade XIth at formal operational stage. The effect of gender was investigated on Conjunctive concepts in Biology. Statistical analysis was made by calculating mean, standard deviation and t-test. The finding of the study indicates that male and female have equal level of Conjunctive concepts in Biology at formal operational stage.

India’s active interaction with the Central Asian States began after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The demise of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the India political decision makers in abysmal position. From hence onward, one witnessed a major shift in India’s foreign policy, i.e. moved away from Nehru’s idealism to BJP’s realism and pragmatism. These changes in the Indian security concerning Central Asian have to be examined in larger ideological and political contexts. The author has discussed in detail the India’s interest in Central Asia. In discussing thus, national security, weapon proliferation drug trafficking and commercial interests become important. These problems are looked by India as major problems because still now the government lacks coherent policy towards Central Asian States .

Participative Decision Making is the most powerful component of whole management process. Researches justify the need for Participative Decision Making (PDM) in educational rganizations too, and reflect it as an important contributor to successful educational management. Present paper focuses on teachers’ actual and desired participation in different decision situations under multi-domain evaluative approach. In particular the paper describes Teacher’s Participation in Decision Making in Relation to their Gender specific roles. Data was collected from 281 university teachers through selfdeveloped decisional participation scale. Findings reveal teachers’ deprivation state in different decision situations of all the domains, but no significant difference was found in decisional participation of teachers regarding their gender. Findings show that both male and female teachers have highest participation in Institutional domain decisions.

This research study was conducted to find out direct input energy and indirect energy in maize grain yield, to evaluate the inputs energy consumption and outputs energy gained for maize production in Islamabad, Pakistan season autumn-2014. The result showed that the grain harvest was the maximum under mouldboard plow compared with cultivator and zero tillage. The total energy input / output higher under mouldboard plow compared with cultivator, while the lowest in the zero tillage, net energy and input-output ratio were gain highest under mouldboard plow.