Culture has been generally understood as the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people in the areas encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. Margaret Mead, an American cultural anthropologist defined Culture as “the whole complex of traditional behaviour which has been developed by the human race and is successively learned by each generation”. Such shared patterns on behaviour are largely influenced by the nature of spaces. Since architecture is the physical manifestation of culture, any change in the same has the power to gradually bring about a change in culture. Societies which have been closely knit have grown to be non-concerned of each other with changing design patterns. External influences on architecture and planning from different sources has been modulating the culture of places. And so, a conscious action towards conservation of culture can be strengthened by conservation of local architectural heritage. This important fact has been established in this paper through the study of urban planning and designs case studies through history of the city of Patna, Bihar, India. With the assumption that architecture is a complete symbol of human culture it tries to study the role of architectural conservation in promoting cultural identity.

The industry of education has appeared to be found as little bit slow at embracing the effectiveness and usefulness of new technologies. As for now, the advancement of technology in the field of learning is highly appreciated and anticipated as well. The concerning people have now started to share and exchange their technology hub in order to develop hi-tech communities that is facilitating educational system. Having a fair access to knowledge is indeed a human right. In this regard, advent of augmented and virtual reality education to facilitate learning around the world has helped the students get engaged in experiential learning. The learning is faster, better, retained and has caused at making improved decisions. Industrialization that changed the entire world could have not been possible without technological advancement and innovation. Virtual reality technology comes under the expertise of next generation that will benefit both the educators and the learners.

In this paper, description of vibration analysis method used for condition monitoring of 500MW steam turbine (Kraftwork Union, Germany) has been discussed. The importance and critical role of this technique in predictive maintenance used in thermal power plant is evaluated based on possible type of failures that can be detected at early stage before any unexpected, unscheduled breakdown during operation of steam turbine. Efforts are being made for most of the steam turbines in power generation thermal plants to run or operate them at Ideal condition by regular technical consultations resulting in continuous generation of power and reasonable increase in operational life span of these turbines. This paper deals with one such effort. In this paper real time condition monitoring of 500MW turbine, which was carried out by them at NTPC-Ramagundum power plant, using vibration analysis, has been discussed without disturbing its operational working condition and the causes for increase in the vibrations and its practical diagnosis by spectrum analysis, Interpretations and recommended steps to be taken to minimize the vibrations

Expansive soils are problematic due to the presence and consequent effect of their clay mineral constituents, which makes them show the volume change characteristics. The expansive and shrinkage behavior makes expansive soils unsuitable for direct engineering application in their natural form. In an effort to make them more practicable for different engineering applications, various additives and techniques are employed to improve the soil properties. Stabilization of soil with lime, cement, bitumen are expensive and therefore they are in need of an economic replacement. Further, replacement of expansive soils with good quality soil is quite uneconomical. The present investigation considers the effect of Egg Shell Powder (ESP) on expansive soil. The ESP Eggshell is a desecrate material from domestic sources such as poultries, hatcheries, homes and fast food hotels. Proper utilization of the ESP in conjunction with soil, if proved effective, could mitigate environmental pollution to larger extent. The Rock Dust (RD) which is being thought of as alternative to sand in the construction field, has been used, in proportion of 10-30%, in combination with optimum content of ESP for deriving maximum advantage of improving the engineering characteristics of soil. The sample of expansive clay has been extracted from Emani village of Duggirala Mandal of Tenali revenue division of Andhra Pradesh. The laboratory tests were conducted to find out the effect of these additives on consistency limits, compaction properties and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) at soaked condition. The purpose of the study is essentially to suggest the optimum combination to practicing engineers for use in various reengineering applications

With the rapid development of economic and technology in Nigeria, structural forms are becoming more and more complicated, which requires more rigorous construction technology and construction management. However, the risk management in our country is still in its infancy, and managers are short of awareness of risks and lack of ability to manage risks. Despite recent efforts to improve site safety, construction still accounts for a disproportionate number of occupationalrelated fatalities. Study on risk management methods mode of conventional construction process shows that only relying on the qualitative analysis by perfecting manage system and engineering experience cannot satisfy the construction requirement of the complicated structures. This study used quantitative method to assess risk and then develop strategies to manage it. It is such that risks with the greatest loss and the greatest probability of occurring are handled first, and risks with lower probability of occurrence and lower loss are handled in descending order; though in practice the process can be very difficult. This paper applied this method of risk management to Agbani, Rangers Avenue, Desala and Mkpokiti road constructed by ARAB contractors in Enugu State. This was done by using safety equilibrium model to compare results of the four projects with respect to application / ability of these safety program elements to the construction project. Twelve, fourteen, fifteen and seventeen safety program elements were applied in Agbani, Rangers Avenue, Desala and Mkpokiti and and safety risk demand obtained were 112.3 work-hours per incident per injury, 105.2 work-hours per incident per injury,101.4 work-hours per incident per injury, and 126.4 work-hours per incident per injury respectively. Results of the analysis shows that safety risk capacity obtained at the four sites were 93.23 work-hours per incident per injury, 110 work-hours per incident per injury, 123.2 work-hours per incident per injury, and 132 work-hours per incident per injury respectively. This implies that applying a higher number of safety program elements will improve site safety and consequently reduce construction risks. It is concluded that most of the risk prevalent problem in construction industry which led to casualties and fatalities are preventable if the risks in the construction are well known at the earlier stage of construction.

The industry of education has appeared to be found as little bit slow at embracing the effectiveness and usefulness of new technologies. As for now, the advancement of technology in the field of learning is highly appreciated and anticipated as well. The concerning people have now started to share and exchange their technology hub in order to develop hi-tech communities that is facilitating educational system. Having a fair access to knowledge is indeed a human right. In this regard, advent of augmented and virtual reality education to facilitate learning around the world has helped the students get engaged in experiential learning. The learning is faster, better, retained and has caused at making improved decisions. Industrialization that changed the entire world could have not been possible without technological advancement and innovation. Virtual reality technology comes under the expertise of next generation that will benefit both the educators and the learners.

The industry of education has appeared to be found as little bit slow at embracing the effectiveness and usefulness of new technologies. As for now, the advancement of technology in the field of learning is highly appreciated and anticipated as well. The concerning people have now started to share and exchange their technology hub in order to develop hi-tech communities that is facilitating educational system. Having a fair access to knowledge is indeed a human right. In this regard, advent of augmented and virtual reality education to facilitate learning around the world has helped the students get engaged in experiential learning. The learning is faster, better, retained and has caused at making improved decisions. Industrialization that changed the entire world could have not been possible without technological advancement and innovation. Virtual reality technology comes under the expertise of next generation that will benefit both the educators and the learners.

Deck slab with profiled sheeting turns to be an optimal choice in the construction of composite floor system. This thesis is focused on performance of profiled deck slab over steel castellated beam. The castellated beam was fabricated by expanding a standard rolled shape in a manner which creates a regular pattern of holes in the web. Modelling and analysis of composite deck slab with castellated beams will be done by ANSYS software and the single test specimen of castellated beam and composite deck slab with appropriate scale is casted. Concrete grade of M30 and hot rolled steel is adopted for beam section and then cold form steel is adopted for profiled sheet. Stud type shear connector is employed which promotes the composite action at the interface of steel and concrete. Therefore, an experimental test is carried out to investigate the load carrying capacity under cyclic loading. In terms of theoretical and experimental techniques, performance of composite deck slab will be analyzed. From the results it has proven that the composite deck slab over castellated beam section increases the load carrying capacity than other type composite deck system

Deck slab with profiled sheeting turns to be an optimal choice in the construction of composite floor system. This thesis is focused on performance of profiled deck slab over steel castellated beam. The castellated beam was fabricated by expanding a standard rolled shape in a manner which creates a regular pattern of holes in the web. Modelling and analysis of composite deck slab with castellated beams will be done by ANSYS software and the single test specimen of castellated beam and composite deck slab with appropriate scale is casted. Concrete grade of M30 and hot rolled steel is adopted for beam section and then cold form steel is adopted for profiled sheet. Stud type shear connector is employed which promotes the composite action at the interface of steel and concrete. Therefore, an experimental test is carried out to investigate the load carrying capacity under cyclic loading. In terms of theoretical and experimental techniques, performance of composite deck slab will be analyzed. From the results it has proven that the composite deck slab over castellated beam section increases the load carrying capacity than other type composite deck system

Effects of fluoride in water is both beneficial and detrimental. So fluoride in higher levels must be removed. The present study works with the extraction of fluoride from aqueous solution using natural adsorbents prepared from rice husk and egg shells. Experiments were performed to demonstrate optimal conditions like pH, adsorbent dose and contact period. Egg shells were found to be more effective than rice husk in terms of adsorbent dosage and contact period required. Data from the equilibrium studies was used to understand the order of kinetics and to predict the isotherms of the adsorption process.

The proposed system aims to develop a secure medical image encryption algorithm by combining chaotic map and cryptographic technique. In this paper, an innovative AFO (Arnold Cat Map, Fibonacci sequence and One Time Pad) algorithm for medical image encryption has been proposed. This AFO algorithm consists of four phases, in which diffusion, and confusion takes place two times. The pixels of the original (OI) and the key (KI) image are diffused by Arnold Cat Map first. Then the pixels of diffused images are confused with the help of Fibonacci sequence. Next, N unique random numbers are generated. Using these random numbers, the confused OI and KI image pixels are again permuted. The values of the resultant OI and KI pixels are pooled by utilizing the Vernam Cipher (also known as One Time Pad) in the final confusion phase. The quality of the reconstructed and an encrypted images are evaluated by some of the most widely used objective measures like MSE (Mean Square Error), PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), AD (Average Difference), MD (Maximum Difference), MAE (Mean Absolute Error), (CC) Correlation Coefficient, IF (Image Fidelity), SSIM (Structural Similarity Index Metrics). Results of these measures commends that the proposed AFO encryption algorithm is suitable for secure medical image transmission.

This paper presents the design and analysis of the sandwich model for casted metalnatural fiber composite. The objective of this research is to analyze the sandwich model of natural fiber composite to be introduced in metal matrix alloys for engineering application purposes. The sandwich model is the hybrid material combined with layers aluminum LM6 and kenaf composite laminated. Overall thickness for each design is 35mm. For the sandwich design, each layer of LM6 is 10mm thickness and each layer of kenaf-polyester composites is 15mm to make it 3 layers with 35mm thickness. The dimensions for both models are referring based on the requirement of ASTM C393, Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Sandwich Construction. Based on the simulation results, it is feasible to use the sandwich model of LM6 with kenaf-polyester composite. In addition, this simulation result strongly supports the potential for this hybrid laminate of LM6 and kenaf-polyester composite as a substitute for solid LM6, reducing the usage of LM6 substance and introducing natural fiber element into engineering application.

Underwater wireless sensor networks play a prominent role in monitoring continuously the undersea oil fields. To find varying changes in reservoirs of oil and gas, we are having many seismic methods. For continuous monitoring of marine environment (or) undersea oil fields (or) offshore surveillance, the deployed nodes whose energy got depleted should be replaced. Replacing a node individually when energy is depleted, the replacement cost will be very high. So, by replacing all the nodes at a time by using an integrated routing and node replacement scheme is the best thing to minimize the node replacement cost. This paper developed RBM based faulty node detection approach that can be applied to underwater sensor networks to increase lifetime of UWSN and maintenance of network with minimal cost by identifying determined rate of failed nodes.

A hospital’s emergency department (ED) is responsible to treat patients in an immediate and fastest response as possible. However, the ED management faces greater challenge with patients overcrowd caused by long waiting time for each patient to receive treatment and eventually increased each patient’s length of stay in the ED area. Any wrong decision made to overcome this problem may lead to a more serious problem in the future. This study presents a proposed simulation model framework to analyse the actual operation in an ED of a public hospital in Malaysia. The model is able to help the ED management to better understand daily operations of the department and how it affected by the level of resource capacity.

The Bouhouda’s dam was built on Oued Sra, a tributary on the right bank of Ouergha wadi, about 18 km in the north of Taounate town. The waters of this dam are mainly intended for irrigation and drinking water supply (Ministry of town planning and urban planning, 2014). The aim of this paper is to study the quality and the spatiotemporal evolution of the physicochemical of this dam waters parameters of over a period of eight years (2000/2008) in order to have a better knowledge of the mechanisms and the factors that condition the eutrophication of this lake. A classification has been established based on the Carlson index (1977) (Trophic State Index or TSI) and the ollenweider index (1968), to identify the trophic state of the reservoir waters. Accordingly, these results can be used for decision support in the context of sustainable development of several nearby dams in the Sbou Basin.

E-Commerce is a consumer and delivery individual shopping cart program. The main objective is to provide consumers with smart security service. This system provides good and efficient information, making the service more intelligent. Browse the catalog and order the products online is an app for consumers. Multiple stakeholders can order with full security and control using the power of the Internet. This program collects and stores all kinds of information about the order type choices that govern an orders life cycle. This offers a marketing and controlling end-to-end solution.Only with a tap can the information be accessed from anywhere by following this new approach. It helps users to save a lot of time and provide up-to-date information to the user. The software helps enhance customer and supplier support. We can monitor and control the positions and accuracy in this application. It can enable the vendor to monitor their data. The applications central concept is to allow the consumer to shop online using the Internet and enable customers to purchase from the store items and products of their choice.Each data can be easily manipulated by our GPS system through a centralized database. The database handles the shipment of customers and products to their submitted address. This software also allows us to track where we are. As an established and used market model, e-commerce is rapidly gaining ground. It is reasonable to say that the shopping cycle on the internet becomes a common place and continuous services

Banking is one of the most important aspects of everyday routine. Several users are using it for performing numerous transactions and many of them have become online nowadays. With the growth of internet and technology, all the transactions are done online and there is no need for the customer to visit banks frequently. A single click does all the transactions by sitting in one place. Though it is very good to hear even online banking has numerous threats. The users are given their own internet logins wherein they perform their transactions. This has become a critical threat as most of them can be easily hacked and all the transactions are done without their knowledge. In order to preserve their critical information, an efficient authentication based secured framework is designed where in case if the user forgets his password of the login it could be recovered easily. As banking systems ask the user to change the password frequently for security purposes user tends to forget his passwords. By this proposed system it is very easy to recover his forgotten password. The proposed system is evaluated is observed to be efficient than the other existing systems.

The cloud computing environment offers numerous benefits and different flavours of data storage patterns, which completely relieves the users from the annoying processes of data management, storage equipment upgradation and so on. However, the major concern of the users is the data security and to combat with it several securitybased solutions are presented in the literature. This article presents a time conserving cloud data storage solution based on keccak and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) with minimal storage overhead. The proposed work applies LZ77, which is a lossless compression algorithm on the data to be outsourced and then the proposed algorithm is applied. This work does not employ any third-party agent for tracking the data security, as the third party is not completely trustworthy. Hence in this approach, the cloud users apply the proposed algorithm before the process of outsourcing and this approach withstands data analysis and data tamper attacks. Additionally, the proposed work consumes minimal time for execution, which in turn reduces the energy consumption as well. The performance of the proposed work is effective, when compared to the existing algorithms

The measure of blood cells of red blood and white blood plays a important role for the diagnostic to analyze and look at various illness such as anemia, leukemia etc. Accurate counting of blood cells plays a very important role in diagnosing diseases. Exiting methods took more time for processing and produced in accurate result. Hardware device such as Hematology counter is very expensive and every hospital can’t afford it. In order to overcome these problems, we are creating an android application with OpenCV libraries in Android Studio for a mobile device, the device can be connected to a microscopic camera via USB to take an image of the blood sample, this blood sample is later analyzed by implementing image processing approach of the blood using circular Hough transform and thresholding techniques. These separates the RBC and WBC by marking them, so that the algorithm can easily, detect and the counting of blood cells will be done on two microscopic blood images of each patient which will result in nearly accurate results than the present available methods. Accuracy and time consumption can be improved by using the proposed method of well-structured circle detection algorithm

Resolution enhancement of digital images is one of the active research areas of all time. Images with better quality help in improving the performance of the image analytic systems with better accuracy rates. This article presents a digital image resolution enhancement system by employing A+ and Non-Local Means (NLM) filter. The A+ technique performs well with minimal storage and computational overhead, while increasing the resolution. Finally, NLM filter is applied to refine the resolution enhanced image and the performance of the proposed approach is tested in terms of PSNR and SSIM. The performance of the proposed approach is better, when compared to the existing approaches.