Here we study l-fuzzy languages recognized by finite monoids. We show that the class of monoid recognizable l-fuzzy languages is closed under scalar products, quotients, inverse homomorphic images and c-cuts. We introduce the notion of variety of monoid recognizable l-fuzzy languages. Also we obtain an Eilenberg type variety theorem for l-fuzzy languages.

The paper analyses SM barriers in Indian manufacturing industries. The analysis process begins with review of articles for identifying core barriers and developing a structural model using ISM. The purpose of using ISM is to find dependent and driving factors out of those barriers so that industries can get benefited by working in full capacity for removing the most hurdlers and keeping in mind the less ones and society can get benifited through proper implementation of SM in those industries

In this work, total solids reduction process was numerically modeled with response surface methodology (RSM) and Artificial neural network (ANN) models. The experimental data was used for training these models. Amplitude of the ultrasonic waves, time of ultrasonication and total solids present in the sludge are input to the model. These factors are varied to five levels and by conducting design of experiments, the actual values were measured. The response surface methodology was used to determine the relation between the factors and total reduction in solids. To overcome the flaws in the response surface methodology, an artificial neural network model is developed and the results of the ANN models are compared with RSM models and experimentally measured values.

Diminishing fossil fuel resources, unstable/increasing prices of oil, environmental issues, global warming/climatic shifts, and allied problems have led the world to focus on alternate, environmental friendly, and renewable energy sources. Among many experimental candidates, production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas L. has gained significant importance. More than 40 countries in the world are evaluating the potential of using this pure plant oil for manufacturing diesel. Biodiesel is a fuel type that has already been proven suitable for use in diesel engines. The non-edible vegetable oil of Jatropha curcas, which grows in tropical and subtropical climates across the developing world, promises a commercially viable alternative to diesel. Jatropha oil is renewable, environmental friendly and can be easily produced in rural areas. Countries of South-East Asia, such as Malaysia, they are going to start the establishment of Jatropha plantations assuming that Jatropha will be the main resource for biodiesel production. This paper presents the design and fabrication of an efficient Jatropha oil expelling machine. Further carrying out transesterification process on Jatropha oil to get Jatropha biodiesel.

Paddy is the most vital and extensively grown up food crop within the World. It’s the staple food of over sixty percent of the globe population; Thresher may be a rice seed separation tool. Threshing is a key part of agriculture that involves removing the seeds or grain from plants stalk. Paddy separation activity undertaken by farmer’s mistreatment in two ways, one method is manual beating of paddy on picket platform and by mistreatment operated by hand paddy thresher that requires great deal of human labour. So as to mechanize this method, a machine is meant with separation, major dust removal and fine dirt removal chambers and tested. So a thresher with two rollers at the entry of the feeding system whereby one acts as driver and other remains writing paper guides the paddy into separation cylinder. The threshing operation are achieved by motion of a cylinder, the grains constitute the improvement unit that consists of a sieve that undergoes a reciprocating motion.[1] The machine is straight forward, less large and comfy use. The winning development of this machine is predicted to cut back the human labour concerned in separation at the reasonable price and conjointly reduces the time used for separation operation on little farms

Artificial Ground Freezing (AGF) is a construction technique which has been in practice for over a century, mainly in the cold regions of the world. AGF is considered as a ground improvement technique which can improve the site conditions for various civil engineering projects. It is typically used for ground stabilization and ground water control for wide variety of applications in all soil types. In-depth knowledge of the frozen soil characteristics through experiments and the development of suitable constitutive models that suit the geological conditions of our country are necessary to predict the strength and behaviour of the frozen soils. The strength and mechanical behaviour of this material can be determined experimentally and can be even predicted numerically. As this technology is not yet explored in our country an apparatus to test the strength of frozen soil in the triaxial condition is not yet developed in the laboratory. As part of this study a triaxial compression apparatus is designed and fabricated to test frozen soil samples incorporating the features of the existing triaxial apparatus on the basis of the reviewed literature and hence determining the shear parameters and strength of C-Phi soil. A more precise strength comparison between the frozen and unfrozen soil sample is done effectively in this investigation

The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the impact of the built environment on crimes related to women in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi through a pilot study with minimum responses. The objective of the study was to examine the built environment attributes affecting the crimes related to women in NCT of Delhi and to compare the very high crime rate areas vs very low crime rate areas as per the Delhi Police crime statistics to know the basic root cause of the incidence of crimes. The methodology adopted for the study is a structured questionnaire survey and statistical data analysis. The SPSS 23 statistical package is used for this study. A total of four wards (neighbour-hoods) were selected for the present study comprising two wards from very high crime and two wards from very low crime rate districts of Delhi and a total of 80 responses were collected for this pilot study. The findings of the study also validate the perception of the residents which confirm that the lack of desirable built environment facilities lead to high crime rate in the selected wards i.e. IP Extension and MayurVihar-II, whereas the availability of adequate desirable built environment facilities precedent of low rate of crime committed against women in the selected wards i.e. Pitam Pura and Shalimar Bagh. The future scope of the study is to undertake a comprehensive study of all the attributes of built environment impacting the crime rates against women in NCT of Delhi on the basis of structured questionnaire survey (the same questionnaire has been used for the pilot survey for 80 numbers of respondents) with a sample size of 450-500 to reduce the chances of error and to generalize the findings of the study

Natural rubber (NR) blends with different concentrations of gelatin (GLN) were successfully prepared through solution casting and dry-mixing techniques. The gelatin content was varied from 0 to 20 phr. The blends were cured at 150 ?C to their respective optimum cure times. Biodegradability was evaluated using soil burial test and was found to have improved with gelatin content. A gelatin loading of 10 phr was sufficient to impart a significant extent of biodegradation. The blends were also investigated for mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties, morphology and thermal and solvent resistance. Enhanced cure rate, increased cross-link density and improved mechanical properties, without any deterioration in thermal stability, could be achieved through the blending process. The blend realizes fabrication of a biodegradable substitute for vulcanized natural rubber without compromising mechanical and thermal properties.

Indian tyre industry is adopting new technologies for improving its products to sustain in the global competition. The main focus is to develop efficient and durable tyres at affordable price by finding the most critical manufacturing process in tyre manufacturing. This paper concentrates on finding the most critical manufacturing process. The views of the experts of various fields have been considered for the same. The result shows that the curing of tyre is the most critical process followed by tyre building. The study proposes the process that can be optimized to enhance the quality of tyre manufacturing

Communication is one the important aspects in human life since thousands of years ago; basically, it is the transfer of information or message between two people, places or machines. Information can also be shared among different computers, routers, switches and between networks. Group of interconnected devices is called Network. Devices include computers, routers, switches, servers etc., thus network allows the sharing of data. In order to have the smooth functionality of network, it has be continuously monitored. So, network monitoring is the major role of network, in which it tries to discern low speed or unsuccessful network devices, such as failing routers, servers, switches and other malfunctioning devices. Network monitoring system cautions the occurrence of a network failure to the Network Administrator (NA). Network monitoring is predominantly put through software tools and applications. The constant and secure supervise of a network includes trace and logs of network parameters. The network parameters include data transmission rate, user-time percentages, downtime of the device, uptime of the device, response time to user and error rates. This paper describes the network monitoring using SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), obtaining required system parameters like RAM usage, CPU usage and Disk usage from device which is to be monitored, storing the system values in database and displaying data using Grafana tool

In this work, ANN model has been used to optimize the input factors in the ultrasonication process. The required parameters for the ultrasonication process to achieve the maximum percentage of solids reduction are derived using the optimization methods. Experiments are conducted to verify the optimum parameters achieved. Eight samples of untreated water has been subjected to five treatment methods. The treatment methods like STP, RZT, TWP, Ultrasonication and Optimized ultrasonication treatment methods are used to treat the water and the values of parameters like pH, TSS, TDS, COD and BOD are measured for all the five methods. The improvement in each method is analyzed. It has been determined that Optimized ultrasonication treatment method yielded the best performance over all other four methods.

Traditional health care systems are replaced by use of high precision sensors and IOT enabled medical devices. The m-health system is subset of E-health system .It has gained more popularity over E-Health system due to extensive use of smart phone. Both systems are useful in measurement of physiological as well as chronic health parameters. Microcontroller system processes patient’s real time health data and send over cloud or fog. Cloud computing facilitates rapid on demand access to shared pool of virtual computing resources, servers, networks. Fog computing can be considered as extension of cloud computing as it provides low latency, low bandwidth with increased level of data security and privacy. Data breach is major issue in health care system that can be solved using special privacy acts, and special algorithms. In this paper, we are doing comprehensive analysis of IOT based m-health system and Ehealth system, cloud ,fog computing as well as data security issues

Cellulose nanofibers have gained much interest because of its high mechanical properties, tunable surface groups, excellent strength/weight ratio, biodegradability and low cost. The present work deals with the isolation of cellulose nanofibres from Areca spathe which is an agricultural waste. Cellulose nanofibres can be conveniently extracted from Areca spathe by sulphuric acid hydrolysis. The steps involved chemomechanical methods such as grinding, homogenization, alkali treatment, bleaching and sulphuric acid hydrolysis. After alkali treatment and bleaching, the a-cellulose content was found to increase tremendously. The removal of hemicellulose and lignin was confirmed by the FTIR studies. The increase in crystallinity was confirmed by the XRD analysis. Surface morphological studies using SEM revealed that the extracted fibres had a diameter of 55 – 70 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis results showed that thermal stability improved significantly for bleached fibres compared to alkalitreated, nanofibres and raw fibres.

The demand of natural fibres is increasing in the world for industrial uses to make high value products. An enormous potential of sisal fibre is used in making ropes, paper, carpets, cloth & handicrafts. The aim of this study is to design & fabricate a small scale portable sisal fibre extractor for extracting fibre from sisal leaves. However, hand processing of sisal leaves is a tedious, laborious & slow exercise resulting in low productivity & low quality fibre. This machine has a great potential and needs to be commercialised in sisal growing areas of the country

Recently there has been shortage of skilled labour available for agriculture purpose. Because of this shortage the farmers have transitioned to using harvesters. Cutting crops manually using labour is very time lengthy & time consuming task. The harvesters are available for purchase, but because of their high costs, they are not affordable. However agricultural groups make these harvesters available for rent on hourly basis, but the small holding farm owners generally do not require the full featured combined harvesters. Hence there is a need for smaller & efficient combined harvesters, which would be more accessible and also considerably cheaper. The mission is to create a portable user friendly and low cost mini paddy harvesting machine. The idea is to create a machine which is cheap and will reduce the labour required to harvest crops

Study of single cell with respect to its electrical characteristics is a promising noninvasive tool for modelling bio device for early diagnosis of cancer. In this paper, a relative study of cell impedance based on electrical model of a single cell is presented for fabrication of biodevice which will be helpful in distinguishing normal cells from malignant or differentiating cells of same phenotype. The bioimpedance of a cell per unit surface length has been studied and simulated for a range of frequency inputs. The simulation is done in MATLAB environment which shows that the capacitance of the cellular membrane is effective till a particular range of input frequency, after which, the conductivity of cell plays a significant role in governing the permeability of cells

The use of filter aid to improve the performance of conventional rapid sand filter (RSF) is a relatively new development in drinking water treatment. Different advantages claimed by such use of filter aid includes reduction in ripening period, higher turbidity removal as well as relatively stable effluent quality while the limitations includes the reduction in filter rate as well as reduction in filter run. To overcome these limitations, the attempt is made to devise the RSF by increasing the effective size (around 0.85mm) and lowering the coefficient of uniformity of media (around 1.2) with use of alum solution as a filter aid. The study is conducted at one of the water treatment plant at Ichalkaranji, Maharashtra by installing a pilot scale model. The results are very encouraging. High turbidity removal, extended filter run and net reduced backwashing requirement are the prominent features observed.

A novel method for fusion of images with multiple exposure is proposed in this paper. Synchrosqueezing transform which gives more concentrated representation of a given signal. which is used for analyzing 1D signals are extended to 2D signals like images and further they are used for applications like multi-exposure image fusion where various images of a particular scene with different exposure is fused to produce an image with better exposure than all the input images given. Curvelet based synchrosqueezing transforms are used when the domain is changed from 1D to 2D. The numerical results shows the proposed method produced an image which has better exposure and quality than all the input images given

Urbanization is gradually becoming a worldwide phenomenon since there is a colossal growth in population around the world. There is an emergent demand of housing around the world and hence construction sector is the booming sector all over the world. This accounts for extreme energy consumption and leading to GHG emissions which contribute to phenomenon of global warming.CO2 is the major gas contributing to GHG emissions. Concrete is the vital building material used in construction. The production of concrete is responsible for emission of CO2 gas. Thus, main aim of energy management of buildings is to propose a sustainable approach in conventional design method which can be introduced during conceptual design stage. This paper enumerates the quantification of the CO2 emission of construction material especially concrete. All construction materials endure through various stages right from raw material extraction, transportation, manufacturing till demolition and waste processing. These stages are called system boundary. The system boundary for present study is manufacturing of concrete which is responsible for emission of CO2 gas. Manufacturing of concrete requires energy consumption in many ways.Power sector in the form of electricity is one of the pathways of energy consumption responsible for CO2 emission. The study involves comparative analysis and design of G+4 RCC building with structural components especially slab and columns as variable parameters. Based on the final design, the quantification of CO2 emission for concrete is accomplished. Available data of energy consumption required for manufacturing process of concrete and integration of emission factor with energy consumption leads to quantification of CO2 emission. The conclusion demonstrate that with variation in design of structural components, a considerable amount of quantity of CO2 emission can be controlled, rather than concentrating on design and analysis of low carbon material, which requires lot of time and cost

Concrete is a versatile material used in the construction industries duringthe past few decades because of its workabilityto cast into any shape using formworks. Cement is nowadays commonly available throughout the world with the recent advancements in manufacturing technology. Reinforced Cement Concrete has gained popularity as the best suited structural material in the construction industry. Fibre Reinforced Cement Concrete is gaining popularity with its inherent advantages likeenhanced tensile strength and toughness when compared with conventional reinforced cement concrete. Lightweight Concrete (LC) is also gaining importance in the recent years for several structural applications due to its advantages like reduced dead weight of components, low handling costs havingenhancedmechanical and durability properties. The polypropylene fibres were subsequently improved intoshort fibrillated materials in the construction industries. The polypropylene is a high molecular weight material acquired from monomer C3H6 which is completely a hydrocarbon.PPF has a normal atomic arrangement in the polymer molecule and is also highlycrystalline. It is grasped as isotactic polypropylene PPF resistant To contact with more destructive chemicals, its hydrophobic surface not being wet by cement paste accommodates to hold-off chopped fibres from balling effect while mixing like other fibres. The familiarization devises the film weak in the lateral direction which promotes fibrillation. The cement matrix can enter in the mesh structure between the individual fibrils and create a mechanical bond amongst cement matrix and fibre. The American Society for Testing and Materials published ASTM A-820 code provision is available for steel fibres. Deformed steel fibres provide a good mechanical bond within the concrete matrix to withstand pull-out. Steel fibresmainly transform the brittle concrete into a ductile one. Catastrophic failure of concrete is practically reduced. Steel fibres are added in the concrete matrix duringthe mixing of its constituent ingredients. Its main advantage is, decrease the steel reinforcement requirements, Overcome crack widths, Improve impact resistance, abrasion resistance, and freeze-thaw effects.

This Paper contains the complete process of ECG/EKG signal Acquisition from hardware to its analysis using LabVIEW and Biomedical Workbench. Hardware of ECG has the amplification, filtering and conversion of analog ECG data to digital by using Arduino Uno. The acquisition part deal with acquiring the hardware data to analyzable file format into pc. Here 6-channel ADC in Arduino Uno with LabVIEW interface is used for conversion. Now the acquired ECG data is processed and analyzed with biomedical workbench that provides the various features of ECG signal processing. This system is very easy to implement and cost effective.

Daylight has been an immortal source of light. But currently, due to lack of resources this source is supplemented by artificial light. The illumination levels are a big contributing factor towards indoor comfort. To optimize daylight in a building, it must be oriented according to solar design. Shading, orientation, window openings are the major contributors in energy efficient building. This paper deals with the quantitative analysis of daylight through different types of openings and fenestrations used in an office building. The study is for the moderate climate of Pune. The paper also helps to understand passive design strategies like building orientation, building shape, building envelope, shading devices, etc. The analysis is done by generating simulations on software for different WWR (Window Wall Ratio), window sizes and type of glass. The strategies and guidelines for optimizing daylight in an office building are given based on the findings and results generated. Finally which type of office building design and fenestration is best suitable and can give daylight optimization without glare for a given climate is concluded.