Introducción: La trombofilia es un desorden de la hemostasia congénito o adquirido que predispone al desarrollo de trombosis. Las trombofilias congénitas más frecuentes son las deficiencias de antitrombina III, proteína C y proteína S, el factor V Leiden, la mutación del gen de la protrombina (G20210A) y las mutaciones de la enzima metilentetrahidrofolato reductasa (MTHFR). Objetivo: Describir el manejo anestésico en un paciente portador de trombofilia congénita. Presentación del caso: Se reporta un paciente de 19 años de edad con antecedentes de historia familiar y personal de trombosis venosa profunda, tratamiento con doble antiagregación plaquetaria y asociación de tres mutaciones para trombofilia congénita, G20210A, A1298C MTHFR y C677T MTHFR que recibe anestesia espinal para una herniorrafia inguinal. Se mantiene tratamiento con aspirina, se suspende clopidogrel 7 días antes de la cirugía y durante ese tiempo se administra fraxiparina 0.6 Uds. subcutánea diarias hasta 12 h antes de la cirugía, se utiliza medias elásticas, deambulación precoz y reinicio de clopidogrel 24 h después de la cirugía, con evolución satisfactoria. Conclusiones: La tromboprofilaxis en pacientes portadores de trombofilia congénita es mandatoria, por eso resulta determinante la utilización de heparina de bajo peso molecular junto al resto de las medidas de prevención de la trombosis venosa profunda.

Introduction: Cerebrovascular accident is one of the commonest causes of mortality in the world. Objective: To determine the association between development of neurological disorders and the need for mechanical ventilation with an increased incidence of mortality in the intensive care unit. Methods: An observational, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in the intensive care unit of a secondary care hospital. The study population consisted of 52 patients with cerebrovascular accident who received artificial respiratory support between 2018 and 2020. The final variable of interest was mortality. The neurological factors studied were type of cerebrovascular accident, score according to the Glasgow coma scale, absence of brainstem reflexes, anisocoria, and neurological complications. The level of significance was determined according to P = 0.05, through chi-square of independence. Results: Proportional mortality prevailed in hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident of nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage type (P=0.118), absence of brainstem reflexes (P=0.000), anisocoria (P=0.000), score of less than eight points according to the Glasgow coma scale (P=0.000), and neurological complications such as endocranial hypertension (P=0.010). Conclusions: The neurological factors associated with mortality were absence of brainstem reflexes, anisocoria, score of less than eight points according to the Glasgow coma scale, and neurological complications such as endocranial hypertension.

Introduction: Videolaparoscopy is a frequent general surgery procedure in emergency services. Acute pain after these interventions is complex in nature and requires effective analgesic treatment. Objective: To determine the usefulness of intraperitoneal bupivacaine in the relief of postoperative pain in emergency videolaparoscopy. Methods: A prospective, analytical and longitudinal study was carried out in eighty patients older than eighteen years old, announced for videolaparoscopy under orotracheal general anesthesia in the emergency department of Hospital Militar Central Dr. Luis Díaz Soto, from September 2016 to September 2018. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of forty individuals each. Group 1 was applied pre-incisional transdermal lidocaine on skin incisions and, at the end of surgery, both hemidiaphragms were irrigated with bupivacaine 0.25%. Group 2 received pre-incisional doses of intravenous analgesics only. Results: The female sex predominated significantly, without difference between the two groups. Postoperative analgesia was better in group 1, insofar it was statistically significant at four, eight and twelve hours. Rescue analgesia requirements were lower in group 1 (p=0.0024). No adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: The administration of pre-incisional transdermal lidocaine and the instillation of intraperitoneal bupivacaine at the end of emergency videolaparoscopy significantly reduces pain during the first hours after surgery. Its application is simple, easy and safe, without evidence of adverse effects.

Introduction: Acute renal dysfunction is frequent in surgical patients. Objective: To identify the risk factors that influence the development of acute kidney injury during the immediate postoperative period in four years. Methods: A case-control study was carried out, with 750 controls and 230 cases. Chi-square (a<0.05), odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) and calculation of predictive values ??were used. Results: The frequency was 23.4%. The postoperative risk factors were age over 60 years (OR: 4.0; 95% CI: 2.9-5.6) (P=0.00), emergency surgery (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 2.1-3.6) (P=0.00), and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class IV (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.4-2.8) (P=0.00). In the intraoperative and postoperative periods, the risk factors were hip fracture surgery (OR: 4.9; 95% CI: 3.2-7.5), general anesthesia (OR: 3.0; 95% CI 2.2-4.2), administration of more than 2500 mL of crystalloids (OR: 186.1; 95% CI: 107.4-321.9) (P=0.00), more than 60 mg of furosemide (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 2.4-4.6) (p=0.00), initial acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score = 15 points (OR: 46; 95% CI: 28.1-74.8) (p=0.00). The highest predictive value was obtained by the initial APACHE II (sensitivity of 92.0% and specificity of 80.0%). Conclusions: The control of risk factors in the immediate postoperative period would reduce the incidence of acute renal injury significantly, especially in patients aged over 60 years, who underwent emergency surgery, received general anesthesia, with hip fracture and APACHE II above 15 points. Normovolemia must be guaranteed, as well as individualizing and optimizing the relationship dose-time of exposure of furosemide, blood products and vasoactive amines.

Introduction: The perioperative period in elective surgery evolves up to reducing immune and metabolic stress caused by surgical trauma and achieving early recovery. Gynecological diseases are a global health concern in which rehabilitation and early return to daily life is essential in reducing morbidity. There are no guides and manuals in Cuba that provide methodological guidelines for the implementation of these protocols. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of implementing accelerated recovery protocols in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Methods: An analytical and observational case-control study was carried out in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy at Julio M. Aristegui Villamil General Teaching Hospital in 2017. The following variables were used: age groups, oral intake time, ambulation onset time, pain onset time, glycemic variation, presence of nausea, vomiting and complications, hospital stay. Results: Age between 41 and 60 years predominated in both groups. In the case group, there was a prevalence of oral intake time at four hours and of early ambulation, according to the scheme, within the first three hours. A higher incidence of pain was reported in the control group, together with glycemic variability, apart from reports of nausea, vomiting and complications such as fever and paralytic ileus. An average hospital stay of 24 hours was achieved in the case group, while it was longer in the traditional group. Conclusions: The designed work protocol contributed to early recovery.

Introduction: Headache after dura mater puncture is a complication described together with the first neuraxial anesthesia. A complex clinical picture improves rapidly with adequate therapy, but sometimes persists despite the efforts made by the medical team in charge of treating it. Objective: To describe the clinical evolution of case of postdural puncture headache. Discussion: A case is presented of a patient who, following subarachnoid anesthesia for hallux varus surgery, suffered postdural puncture headache that persisted for more than eighteen days, despite the treatments used, both conservative (pharmacological therapy, hydration, rest) and interventionist (peridural hemopatch and water mattress, with dextran 40). The clinical picture disappeared by itself after the time previously discussed. Conclusions: It is concluded that this clinical picture caused by the dura mater puncture is of rapid resolution if treated appropriately, but there are cases in which, despite the indicated therapy, it may persist for a longer time.

Introduction: The results are presented regarding anesthesiological intervention of patients suspected of or confirmed with COVID-19 (the disease caused by the new coronavirus), treated in a clinical surgical hospital designated for the care of patients during the pandemic. Objectives: To present the experiences regarding management of surgical patients affected by or suspected of infection by the new coronavirus (COVID-19). Methods: The data of all the cases treated in Hospital Militar Central Dr. Luis Díaz Soto were collected, regardless if they were obstetric cases (by cesarean section) or corresponding to other specialties (surgery, orthopedics, urology). Results: Forty-nine anesthetic-surgical interventions were performed, including thirteen caesarean sections, nine tracheostomies, seven appendectomies, the same number of salpingectomies, three hip fracture surgeries, and one amputation, one skull trepanation, two abscess drains and one necrectomy, one nephrostomy, one nephrectomy, one cure and two laparotomies. Cesarean sections were performed under neuraxial (epidural) anesthesia (thirteen single injections, accounting for 26.5% of cases). The rest of the procedures were performed under general orotracheal anesthesia (32 single injections, accounting for 65.30% of cases) and general intravenous anesthesia (4 single injections, accounting for 8.16% of cases). 38.77% (19) of cases were confirmed to COVID-19. Eighteen patients (36%) were discharged from the intensive care unit, twelve of which had been ventilated, a figure accounting for 24% of cases. There were thirty positive cases of COVID-19, accounting for 61.2%. Conclusions: There were no anesthetic accidents, failures in the airway control nor perioperative deaths. There were no personnel infected with COVID-19. The high number of suspects constitute a potential risk of contagion.

Introduction: The decision to perform anesthetic induction with propofol or thiopental in obstetric patients for cesarean section is a controversial issue, with contradictory oncomes among investigations. Objective: To present the results published in the national and international literature about the use of propofol as an anesthetic agent in the induction of general anesthesia in elective cesarean section. Methods: A nonsystematic review of the bibliography was carried out, with a focus on articles in Spanish and English published, during the last ten years, in databases indexed in Infomed, such as Hinari, Ebsco, Scielo, Pubmed, Cubmed, Cocrhane, using keywords such as (inducción anestésica [anesthetic induction] OR anestesia general [general anesthesia] OR) AND (propofol OR) AND (operación cesárea [cesarean section] OR cesárea [cesarean] OR). Development: Articles were highlighted if they compared the results of propofol usage against thiopental and other barbiturates during anesthetic induction in terms of hemodynamic variables, adverse effects, anesthetic quality and neonatal outcomes such as physical state, neurological adaptation capacity and arterial gases. Conclusions: Propofol is the commonest agent for anesthetic induction in obstetric patients requiring elective caesarean section. This presents adequate maternal and fetal outcomes, as well as a lower incidence of adverse effects.

Introduction: Adenoma of soft palate is frequent in women, together with the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy. The pregnant woman is to be presumed to have a difficult airway. Objective: To describe the airway managment in a pregnant woman with adenoma of soft palate. Case presentation: This is a 20-year-old pregnant woman (Mallampati IV) with a personal pathological history of bronchial asthma and allergy to local anesthetics, who presents an adenoma of soft palate that avoids seeing the oropharynx structure, announced for emergency surgical procedure for an anterior segmental cesarean section. Conclusions: The pregnant woman has a higher incidence of difficult airway compared to the general population, due to the physiological changes that she presents in this period. If, apart from this situation, the presence is considered of an oropharyngeal tumor that makes it impossible to manipulate the airway, preoperative assessment and tracing a multidisciplinary strategy are the pillars to avoid potentially fatal complications.

Introduction: Regional anesthesia and analgesia techniques in the pediatric population guarantee hemodynamic and respiratory stability. The use of caudal anesthesia has increased enormously, especially for lower abdominal surgeries, which offers advantages over general anesthesia. Objective: To argue, based upon the best scientific evidence, the opinion of the authors regarding the effectiveness of the use of caudal anesthesia in neonatal patients. Method: The initial framework for the bibliographic search consisted of the articles published about the use of caudal anesthesia in neonates. The sources of information were the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Pubmed, LILACS, SciELO, Ebsco, Science, Google Scholar. Results: Caudal block is the application of a local anesthetic into the epidural space, but at the sacral level, which causes a conduction block in the nerve roots that covers analgesia, not only in the intraoperative period but also in the postoperative one, which allows adequate hemodynamic stability, reduces bleeding, avoids the use of opioids, general anesthetics and muscle relaxants. The need for respiratory support is reduced. Conclusions: It is a safe and economical technique, sometimes undervalued in the newborn. This, together with a faster recovery, leads to considering regional anesthesia as an alternative over general anesthesia.