In this work, we have experimentally reported Q-switched pulse generation by indium tin oxide as a saturable absorber. First the glass slide was placed in electron beam deposition chamber and indium tin oxide layer was coated over the glass slide. Then the indium tin oxide was exfoliated from the glass slide, over the fiber ferrules in erbium doped fiber laser cavity. The Q-switched laser operated at center wavelength of 1562.6 nm. The repetition rate and pulse width were obtained to be 48.31-64.52 kHz and 5.65-4.23 µs, respectively.

In this modern era, data protection is very important. To achieve this, the data must be secured using either public-key or private-key cryptography (PKC). PKC eliminates the need of sharing key at the beginning of communication. PKC systems such as ECC and RSA is implemented for different security services such as key exchange between sender, receiver and key distribution between different network nodes and authentication protocols. PKC is based on computationally intensive finite field arithmetic operations. In the PKC schemes, modular multiplication (MM) is the most critical operation. Usually, this operation is performed by integer multiplication (IM) followed by a reduction modulo M. However, the reduction step involves a long division operation that is expensive in terms of area, time and resources. Montgomery multiplication algorithm facilitates faster MM operation without the division operation. In this paper, low latency hardware implementation of the Montgomery multiplier is proposed. Many interesting and novel optimization strategies are adopted in the proposed design. The proposed Montgomery multiplier is based on school-book multiplier, Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm and fast adders techniques. The Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm and school-book multiplier recommends cutting down the operands into smaller chunks while adders facilitate fast addition for large size operands. The proposed design is simulated, synthesized and implemented using Xilinx ISE Design Suite by targeting different Xilinx FPGA devices for different bit sizes (64-1024). The proposed design is evaluated on the basis of computational time, area consumption, and throughput. The implementation results show that the proposed design can easily outperform the state of the art

In this modern era of Internet, E-learning is very popular among Internet users, users utilize Internet to learn from their homes with little or less effort. However the need to upgrade the suite to counter the ever increasing needs of internet was recognized and IPv6 suite was approved in 1994. IPv6 not only overcomes the issue of depletion of network addresses but also provides various other features such as automation, scalability, security, and others such as multicasting etc. Migration to IPv6 is dependent on its performance against the IPv4 implemented system. In this paper evaluation of various performance metrics of e-learning network performance on IPv4 vs IPv6 implemented system were considered. The results show the difference in the performance which must be considered when adopting the newer version and/or its implication on the end-system application. A comparison of performance of IPv6 on the Linux operating system against other popular operating system such as Windows and MacOS was noted. Overall it was shown by results that the Linux implementation of e-learning over IPv6 outperformed the other commodity operating system.

Capacitive humidity sensor based on Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) electrospun nanofibers was fabricated. PVA nanofibers were synthesized through versatile electrospinning technique. The synthesized nanofibers were heat treated and characterized via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) for structural, morphological and thermal properties. The fibers of admirable morphological structure were selected and deposited over interdigitated alumina electrodes for the investigation of Relative Humidity (RH) sensing characteristics. The variation in capacitance of the sensor with RH was measured 48pf at 32-92% RH. The dynamic response study confirmed the durability and stability of the sensor. The material exhibited quick response and recovery time and takes 13.27 seconds to measure the maximum RH value. Thus, the proposed sensing material has the potential of possible application in humidity sensing devices.

Capacitive humidity sensor based on Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) electrospun nanofibers was fabricated. PVA nanofibers were synthesized through versatile electrospinning technique. The synthesized nanofibers were heat treated and characterized via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) for structural, morphological and thermal properties. The fibers of admirable morphological structure were selected and deposited over interdigitated alumina electrodes for the investigation of Relative Humidity (RH) sensing characteristics. The variation in capacitance of the sensor with RH was measured 48pf at 32-92% RH. The dynamic response study confirmed the durability and stability of the sensor. The material exhibited quick response and recovery time and takes 13.27 seconds to measure the maximum RH value. Thus, the proposed sensing material has the potential of possible application in humidity sensing devices.

Travel accessibility is a crucial factor in examining travel and transportation services. However, lack of suitable transportation facilities often severely affects the daily working schedule of the local inhabitants. Thus, this study aimed to record and examine the accessibility criterion of the commuters of Hyderabad, Pakistan. The data were randomly procured with the help of a questionnaire survey. Total 384 questionnaires were filled from the study to record the accessibility parameter of the local inhabitants. Correlation and frequency tests were performed to analyze data. It was found that local inhabitants in Hyderabad were facing accessibility problems and struggled to reach their destinations efficiently. This study can assist the development authority and traffic department of Hyderabad in formulating relevant policies to mitigate the accessibility problems.

Waste recycling is an option to mitigate the environmental impact resulting from the significant amount of debris generated by the productive activities of the construction. Thus, the aim of the research work to evaluate the use of Recycled Coarse aggregates (RCA) instead of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in concrete ingredients with 30 MPa compressive strength. The experimental program began with the physical and particle size characterization of the Recycled Coarse aggregates (RCA), and subsequent comparison with the properties of the natural coarse aggregate (NCA). Based on the knowledge of these properties, the production stage began of concretes. Different procedures and literature have been studied in order to achieve the strength of concrete up to 30Mpa by incorporated glass fiber (2 % by addition of cement). It was also the influence of the use of different contents (0, 10%, 20%, 50%, and 100%) of Substitution of natural coarse aggregate by the recycled coarse concrete aggregate in the properties of the fresh and hardened state of concrete. Regarding the strength, parameters increased gradually proportional to the amount of RCA in the concrete from 10 to 20% and decrease strength to the amount of RCA in the concrete from 50 to 100% Substitution of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in concrete