Urban resilience has become the subject of several scientific research in order to put the concept into operation as it is an important feature of a city’s sustainability. Against this background, the proximity of industrial activity to the urban environment of the city of Batna, located in the North East of Algeria, has contributed to the rise of the concept of industrial risk, the prevention of which, demonstrates the fundamental role of urban resilience in the sustainable management of risk and urban disaster situations. This article is part of a Modeling of Application Data with Spatio-temporal features (MADS) approach for a territorialisation of integrated urban resilience with a view to meet the coordination needs amongst various highly interdependent actors and promote the development of integrated solutions that contribute to the city’s resilience.

Drinking water is one of the essential needs of life. Water comes from either a natural surface or a ground source. One of the rights of man is access to safe water. Unsafe water is due to anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic sources. One of the problems caused by these sources is the elevation of nitrate in water. Elevated nitrate in the body makes it harder for red blood cells to carry oxygen, this can be very dangerous for infants and some adults. Infants exposed to high amounts of nitrate may develop “blue baby syndrome”. The aim of the paper is to find out how safe drinking waters are in terms of nitrate in Africa and Asia. To do this, selected articles were reviewed to determine the content of nitrate in different countries. The results were compared with national and international reference standards.

This study examines the distribution and accessibility to healthcare facilities in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State. GPS was used to pinpoint the location of each of the existing healthcare facilities in the 11 political wards of the study area. In other to establish the distribution pattern of public and private healthcare facilities, the Nearest Neighbour Analysis was used. Data were also collected using structured questionnaire administered on the residents of the 11 political wards in other to assess the accessibility pattern of residents to healthcare facilities in the study area, a total of 551 questionnaire were randomly administered on the residents. The result revealed that the distribution of healthcare facilities were random rather than being clustered or dispersed and that commuting distance to the healthcare facilities is within the WHO recommended distance. The study therefore recommend that stakeholders in the health sector and Town Planners should ensure equity in the distribution of public healthcare facilities across the Local Government Area and this should take into consideration the location of the existing healthcare facilities and apply the planning standard so as to promote equitable distribution of the healthcare facilities.

This study sets out to "x-ray" all the industrial sectors currently operating in Mure? County, a topic generally „avoided” by most researchers due to the multiple transformations that have taken place during the postcommunist transition period. Thus, we tried to present the geographic distribution of existing industries, concentrated in the Middle Section of Mures (Reghin, Târgu-Mure?, Ungheni, Iernut, and Ludu?) and the Târnave (Târnaveni and Sighisoara), while rural areas experience low industrial input and output. In terms of industrial production, it is clear that the light industry is dominating (7,763 employees), especially in textiles (45.4%), followed by wood processing, with its furniture production subsector (62.1% of the 7,513 employees). Other major industries include food industry (16.8%, 7,129), machinery (16.5%, 6,989), chemical industry (8.8%, 3,739), construction materials (7%, 3,003) and the extractive industry (6.2%, 2,661). In 2005, Mures County Council inaugurated its first industrial park, located in Ungheni, which now hosts 18 companies with over 1,700 employees.

In the first part of this paper, I would like to introduce the renewal of some Hungarian historical cities. The reconstruction of Debrecen’s city core is discussed in detail in the next part. As regards the paper’s topic it deals mainly with the renewal of the built environment. In Debrecen’s case the preparation of the city centre’s regeneration began in the 1990s and bigger morphological changes could happen only during the last one and a half decade. Naturally those changes, which have led to the city centre’s alteration have had effect on the city’s development and its future possibilities as well.

Urban regeneration is a widely experienced but little understood phenomenon. It is also a great solution to bring declined cities back to life. Nowadays, the number and state of the industrial sites in Oradea, is not known. The aim of this paper is to study the state of the industrial sites in Oradea and highlighting them. The methods that have been used were different, from collecting data from the National Archives, to studying the buildings on site.

This study examines the distribution and accessibility to healthcare facilities in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State. GPS was used to pinpoint the location of each of the existing healthcare facilities in the 11 political wards of the study area. In other to establish the distribution pattern of public and private healthcare facilities, the Nearest Neighbour Analysis was used. Data were also collected using structured questionnaire administered on the residents of the 11 political wards in other to assess the accessibility pattern of residents to healthcare facilities in the study area, a total of 551 questionnaire were randomly administered on the residents. The result revealed that the distribution of healthcare facilities were random rather than being clustered or dispersed and that commuting distance to the healthcare facilities is within the WHO recommended distance. The study therefore recommend that stakeholders in the health sector and Town Planners should ensure equity in the distribution of public healthcare facilities across the Local Government Area and this should take into consideration the location of the existing healthcare facilities and apply the planning standard so as to promote equitable distribution of the healthcare facilities.

The basin of Lake Izvorul Muntelui has soils with a reduced but constantly increasing erosion coefficient. Due to the practice of agriculture and some inadequate methods of cultivation, there is a tendency of passage of soils from moderate erosion to strong erosion. The most affected areas, of degradation processes, are the massive slopes around the lake, where the effects of gravitational processes and of mechanical denudational processes can be observed. The plowing works for corn and potato crops, as well as overburdening, are a permanent threat, causing soil erosion processes, their destruction, crustification, the loss of nutrients and organic matter in the soil. The use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers increases soil productivity but affects the entire edaphic ecosystem and causes once ingested by the human body, disorders of several systems and devices or even chronic diseases. In order to combat these phenomena and reduce soil degradation in the area, it is recommended to maintain vegetation on the slopes and to introduce organic farming practices.

Urban resilience has become the subject of several scientific research in order to put the concept into operation as it is an important feature of a city’s sustainability. Against this background, the proximity of industrial activity to the urban environment of the city of Batna, located in the North East of Algeria, has contributed to the rise of the concept of industrial risk, the prevention of which, demonstrates the fundamental role of urban resilience in the sustainable management of risk and urban disaster situations. This article is part of a Modeling of Application Data with Spatio-temporal features (MADS) approach for a territorialisation of integrated urban resilience with a view to meet the coordination needs amongst various highly interdependent actors and promote the development of integrated solutions that contribute to the city’s resilience.

This study examines the spatial distribution of hotels in Ilorin metropolis. The specific objectives include examine the trend of hotels in Ilorin, determine the factors influencing location of hotels in Ilorin, assess the services rendered in the hotel and determine the impact of hotels in the study area. Both primary and secondary data were used for this study. One hundred and sixty questionnaires were administered in the study area. Descriptive (charts, tables, simple percentages) and inferential statistics chi-square (x2) were used to analyse the data for this work. The study revealed that market and commercial activities are the most influential factors of location of hotel industry in Ilorin and the major impact of hotel industry in Ilorin is the provision of employment. Recommendations were put forth to government to provide a sound database to monitor the effective operation of the hotel industry, a workable mechanism must also be put in place by the government to ensure tourism related activities all year round in the state, and investment in electricity supply by ensuring electricity is supplied to residents of Ilorin metropolis. Also, Individuals, government and corporate organizations such as NGOs should also take active part in the development of hotel industry in Ilorin to stimulate infrastructural development and job creation.

Water, sanitation, and hygiene are rights to everybody no matter which country one belongs. In developing countries, people are being denied the rights. This has resulted in poverty, diseases, and death especially in children. In line with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the UNDP responded to one of the key issues by embarking on programs on water governance for poverty reduction in Africa, Asia, the Pacific and other areas where they fall short of water, sanitation, and hygiene. The paper aims to highlight the water-related challenges facing countries globally, Africa and Nigeria. To achieve this, the paper focuses on the effects lack of water has on women and children. The effects include sickness, death, loss of money on drugs, time wasting on sourcing for water, educational, other social and economic effects. Also, the causes of water, sanitation, hygiene, and poverty were discussed. From the foregoing, it was observed that most of the MDGs goals in developing countries recorded only substantive progress. It is hoped that if recommendations in this paper followed to the letter coupled with the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the world will be transformed in terms of water, sanitation, and hygiene.

The paper posits that the impact of urban growth could be understood from regional development perspective, using Akure metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria as a case study. The first stage in the collection of primary data involves the reconnaissance survey of the study area, followed by the random administration of 25 questionnaires in each of the six identified quarters. Secondary data were also adopted, while data were descriptively and inferentially analyzed. The research revealed that one of the major causes of urban growth is employment opportunities, while the impact of urban growth on employment has not been satisfactory. The paper has found out that the impact of urban growth on economic activities was very good, whereas it was insignificant on infrastructural development. The research shows a fair impact of urban growth on health status, the paper also shows a positive relationship between urban growth and social vices. It was further revealed that the impact of urban growth on the standard of living and on the urban sprawl was fair and fairly significant respectively. The impact of urban growth on housing was not satisfactory. The paper shows that birth control measures could be adopted in mitigating the regional adverse effect of urban growth. It was further recommended that, in order to ensure urban tranquility, livability, socio-economic advancement and sustenance, government should create more employment, prioritizing increase in government expenditure and adequate security provision should be endeavoured.

This study assesses the pattern of distribution and accessibility of students to secondary education in Lokoja metropolis. Both primary and secondary data were utilized for the research. The coordinates of locations of public and private schools were obtained using a hand held Geographical Position System (GPS). The average distance of the nearest public school to each identified important places in Lokoja was measured using the ‘Ruler’ menu of ArcGIS 10.3.1 software. Two sets of questionnaire were structured to elicit information from sampled population. The first was directed at parents with students in secondary schools, while the second focuses on students’ journey to schools. A total of three hundred questionnaires were administered to sampled secondary schools in the study area. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the research. The findings reveal that 66.7% and 8% of public secondary schools are located along the major roads in the high and low density areas of Lokoja respectively. The pattern of distribution of secondary schools is cluster rather than random. Approximately 47.2% of students in public secondary schools travel more than 4kms to schools in Lokoja. 51.8% of parents qualify education rather than distance was the determinant factor in placing their wards in secondary schools in Lokoja. The study concludes that public secondary school should be provided in some localities that do not have so as to reduce long distance trip to educational facilities. Also Quality delivery of secondary education must be properly monitored by the government at affordable price.

The study examined the effects of microclimate on fish production in Ilorin West local government area. The study was conducted to determine fish responses to its microclimate on daily basis at different seasons of the year and also to determine the quality of water for pond fish culture. Experimental research of earthen pond was set up at Atiku Road located in Adewole Housing Estate area for a period of two years which spanned between 2014-2015. Temperature of the pond water was recorded at different depth intervals of 30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm and 120 cm respectively. The pond water was sampled and analyzed for ammonia, nitrate content, dissolved oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), suspended solids, pH, electrical conductivity and turbidity level to determine its chemical properties and reveal the quality of water using standard laboratory methods. The amount of feed consumed was measured on monthly basis. The rate at which fish gained weight was also noted. Both descriptive and inferential analysis of correlation and regression were carried out to find out the strength of relationships between fish weight, feed and temperature. The temperature of the depth of pond water that is most critical for fish production using earthen pond was determined. The study revealed that the average temperature of the water ranges between 26.83 °C and 29.96 °C. The month of January recorded the lowest temperature of 26.83 °C, while the highest of 29.96 °C occurred in the month of February, thus giving the range of over 3 °C per annum. The results also showed that fish does not cluster at 30 cm depth which has the lowest temperature but between the depth interval of 60 cm and 90 cm throughout the seasons.

The study presented has the purpose of highlighting the role and importance of tourism in the development of the local economy of the touristic system Baile Felix – Baile 1 Mai, Bihor County, Romania. This fact is concluded from the results of several analyses and corelations between the following factors : the numbers of companies, employees, fiscal value and recorded profit between the years 2000-2014.