By investigating the velocity uncertainties in GPS coordinate time series we have to be aware of the fact that we also need good knowledge of the models that best describe the presents of the noise in the GPS time series coordinates. For a proper noise mode we have to take into account all the stochastic effects and to be able to classify the types of the noise source that will affect our results like: white noise, flicker noise, and random walk. The paper is presenting a case study in which we have used spectral analysis and Maximum Likelihood Estimation to best describe the presence of the noise. In the study we have estimated both annual and semiannual signals and also the GPS draconitic period harmonics which capture the unmodelled periodic effect.

Sometimes the shape, direction and size of the country territory leads to use a single zone for certain map projection, where the central axe have to coincide with direction of the largest expanse of territory angularly to the axial meridian. Taking in account that the territory of Republic of Moldova is extended from South-East to North-West it was proposed to use as original meridian the central line along the country fitting of the 2,5 degree zone. This paper presents the results of study of Oblique Mercator map projection for large scale mapping of territory of our country in order to reduce deformations on the margin of the zone. Comparative study between TMM (Transverse Mercator for Moldova) map projection, currently used for large scale mapping, and Oblique Mercator map projection sowed the reduction of deformations on the margins of the zone from 16 to 8 cm/km.

A three dimensional geodetic network is composed by a system of points located on earth’s surface, on an engineering work territory, points which have a known position in an unitary reference coordinate system. Geodetic networks play a significant role in the attainable accuracy of surveying and mapping applications. This paper presents a three dimensional geodetic network in form of a closed loop traverse, which begins and ends at the same point station. In order to determine the traverse station points coordinates, the least squares method of indirect observations was used. The primary objective of this paper is writing a Matlab program with procedures and functions, which automatically calculates the unknown points coordinates, respectively their accuracy, thus streamlining the measurements processing.

The paper aims to determine the parameters of subsidence areas under the conditions of salt deposits from Ocna Mures. The paper seeks the stability of the carriageway of Nicolae Iorga and Mihai Eminescu streets after creating the cone of subsidence in the area of Plus shop, due to the collapse of the ceiling of resistance of some old mine workings.

This project aimed to contribute to the studies and research undertaken for the accomplishment of a Cadastral Informational System which could contribute to the development and implementation of a unitary database used by the local public administration. The aims required in a first stage specialised research correlated to studies made up to the present, nationwide. During the second stage of the project there was created a graphic database at the level of Darmanesti village, county of Suceava, using a specialized software.

This article describes the key components of the data bank for tunnels: general data, data on the execution stage, data on environment, data on land, the status of technical data, methods of investigation, diagnosis, mode of collection of this information and how to integrate the information into the databases

This paper will present engineering works carried out in order to startup a metallic bridge over the Crisul Repede river in Oradea, Romania. The challenge behind this operation was that the above mentioned bridge’s metallic superstructure was launched on the abutments and the piers, but after that, no interventions were made for one and a half year. Upon restarting the construction works, specific interventions had to be made in order to meet the imposed technical and safety regulations. The paper will present specific stages of the engineering works, both from the constructor’s and the surveyor’s point of view.

As we already know, oil spills/slicks are a major cause of water pollution. The complications deriving from detecting the oil spills are generated by the wind and the water surface conditions. Data processing and optimization should be done carefully, taking into account the fact that reflexions are very low in the oil spots/slicks areas. The paper presents an optimized method in order to detect and classify these oil slicks, by using radar data within the spots polluted areas. A case study is also presented.

This article aims to present the main technologies used today in collecting data related to utilities networks. The paper summarizes both classical and modern surveying techniques in urban infrastructure mapping, techniques that can be used separately or in some cases integrated. Gathering above surface or underground details of utility network a complete geographic information system (GIS) can be developed. GIS enables the sharing of all available information about assets and operations throughout the utility line from a single comprehensive and authoritative source and supports the needs of multiple departments through a common set of applications.

It is well known that every construction, especially new ones, suffers, more or less, long term displacements, these displacements can be determined with high accuracy by using together geodesic or non-geodesic technologies. In the past years many modern technologies have been developed for real time and online deformation monitoring, but in order to assure the precision required, the monitoring method has to be wisely chosen. This paper presents the monitoring technologies, the network adjustment and the interpretation of obtained data, used to establish the displacements of one of the tallest construction build in Romania, the Bucharest One Tower

In recent years buildings 3D models have known a great evolution, being used in a wide variety of domains such as industry, cultural heritage, architecture, etc. where high precision is needed and also a high level of detail. For many years, close-range photogrammetry has been dealing with the extraction of high accurate informations from images. But, in order to obtain this precision, we need to use a camera whose intrinsic parameters are determined with high accuracy and we also have to respect some conditions when images are acquired. Therefore, there are some domains and applications, were buildings 3D models can be created with low accuracy, such as GIS applications, but without any lost of detail. So, this paper presents a new method for buildings 3D models creation in an expeditious mode, based on digital images acquired with a digital non-metric camera. The advantage of this method is that the camera doesn’t require calibration and we can obtain a very realistic 3D model with a high level of detail and meters accuracy.

Digital terrain models are used in a wide variety of domains and applications, of which the most important are: orthorectification of aerial and satellite images, space object modelling, hydrological modelling, etc. There are several techniques for data acquisition in order to create digital terrain models, such as photogrammetry, radargrammetry, interferometry, airborne laser scanning, surveying and geodetic and cartographic digitization. This paper aims to present a comparison betweenthe digital terrain models created based on ALS data, respectively Pleiades satellite images. To achieve results, first was created the digital terrain model based on ALS data, using an interpolation grid side of 1m and moving planes interpolation method. Then, the digital terrain modelof the same area, was created based on highly dense point cloud, obtained automatically by matching two Pleiades images, using the feature-based and least-squares matching techniques. A comparative study was made on these two digital terrain models, by performing the vertical differencebetween them, using the Hausdorff distance.

Classic representation of the terrain through contour lines derived from DTM remains the best method of surfacing the earth on a map, nevertheless the correlation with other layers such Hidrography are mandatory. In the context of the current national coverage of the Digital Terrain Model, one of the main concerns of the National Center of Cartography, through the Cartography and Photogrammetry department, is represented by the exploitation of the available data in order to update the layers of the Topographic Reference Map 1:5000, known under the name of TOPRO5 and, at the same time the 1:50 000 scale map of Romania. This paper investigates the perspective of using DTM derived products along with other data sources in the process of updating the layers of TOPRO5. Other future perspective for creating a 3D version of the base layers of TOPRO5 are presented.

Since a long time ago peoplestudiedthe Earth’s terrain: geologists study itsstructure, geomorphologists study its forming process, civil engineers construct on it, architects design on it and geodetic engineers, measure and present its surface in different ways such as maps, orthoimages, perspective views, etc. The common interest of all these specialists is that the terrain surface to be represented in an accurate form. This representation can be made through the digital terrain model which offers quickness and high productivity both how the data is collected (technologies such as Laser Scanning and Stereophotogrammetry) and as well as the existing software solutions. This paper presents the digital terrain model of a stone quarry, from Arad County, regardinginformation aboutsurface texture and elevation.

In the recent decade, buildings 3D models are in a high demand by many public and private organizations. The extraction procedure of high accuracy measurements from images is one of the principal tasks of close-range photogrammetry. The particular techniques used in buildings 3D models creation mostly require an accurate calibration process of metric or non-metric digital cameras. Over the years, there were developed many calibration algorithms by several authors, such as: Tsai, Heikkilä & Silven, Bakstein & Halir, Zhang, etc. This paper aims to present a comparison between the intrinsic calibration parameters determined using the Tsai calibration algorithm, respectively the Heikkilä & Silven algorithm and their influence on building 3D model accuracy. In order to obtain the results, the 3D model of the historical monument “Dosoftei House” from Iasi-City was created, based on image – data acquired with the Nikon Coolpix L810 digital camera. The camera calibration process, was performed using a 3D calibration object and the two algorithms mentioned above.

Cadastral activity in Romania is limited mainly to the accomplishment of the cadastral sporadic works, which refers to the unclear character of registration procedures in the Land Register and other legal actions reffering to properties. The legal and regulatory support for this category of works is Decree no 700/2014 which approves the Regulation regarding the content and the elaboration of the cadastral documentation for the registration in the Land Register, Cadastre and Real Estate Advertising Law no. 7/1996, amended and supplemented. This paper presents the sporadic cadastre works after Law no. 7/1996 entered into force and some problems that occurred in common practice.

Being considered a process that requires fewer resources, extracting features of interest from satellite imagery may prove to be an alternative that can provide good results while have a low production cost and high applicability. This study aimed to analyze two Objects Oriented Classification methods implemented on ENVI software to suggest which method is much feasible in classifying a satellite image of a complex urban area. To achieve the best result in the classification process were used ancillary data (nDSM, indices and masks). Based on the results: accuracy, visual inspection, time spent for each classification process, resources cost, etc., the ENVI classification methods showed they’re power in thematic maps production.

Cadastre, as a social process, experienced important profound and multilateral progresses. In this context, the slogan about the fact that „a modern and developed economy can’t exist in the country without a modern and developed cadastre” is very widespread. Cadastral process comprises other various processes such as „GIS Information System”, real estate valuation and protection of scarce natural resources in terms of rapid population growth. Each of the mentioned social processes has its own tendency of integrity. Therefore, in these circumstances, the role of cadastre in the integrity of multiple processes becomes even more important. This study includes an analysis focused on the historical development of cadastral process viewed through the prism of multi-purpose integrity. Obviously, the dimensional analysis in time and space is limited. The main issues targeted by the author were the integrity and multi-purpose aspect of the cadastral process. The conclusions of this study point out the necessity of determining the components of these various processes for drafting the content of both current and future cadastre.

Being part of the European Union means for our country to assume all the responsibilities upon the settlements emitted by the institutions of the European community as a proof of recognising the importance of a functional state of law, characterised through a rapid and efficient judicially practice. In the domain of topography and cadastre, the Romanian specialists were closely preoccupied with the multitude of problems raised by the realisation of the judicial technical expertise and of the extra – judicial technical expertise. The means and the methods of conversion for the land register plans executed in the 19th century, from several projecting systems in the Stereografic 1970 national system, from analogic to digital format and the creation of a complex database for the dedicated executions, led to the administrative execution of the cadastre executions in good conditions for each administrative – territorial unit from the area of application of the Ordinance Law 155/1938. The present paper aims to present some means and methods that are currently used for the practical activity necessary for the identification and the delimitation of the administrative – territorial units using the old topo-cadastral database, created during the time of the Habsburg Empire on the territory of our country.

At present, it could be noticed a high level of agricultural land use. Therefore the need of creating a modern agricultural information system is obvious. In their turn, both agriculture, where agricultural land represents the main element, and the agricultural land, which is under intensive influence of agriculture, include a variety of forms, contents, qualitative and quantitative aspects, etc. With the purpose of determining the object of agricultural cadastre, the author of this article proposes to use the following definition: „Agricultural Cadastre is the specialized cadastre in the field of agriculture and as such it must provide systematic record and inventory of the real estate property considering its various aspects - surface, category and subcategory of land use, land owner etc. - as well as other information in order to meet the needs related to agriculture”.

In a global economy built housing preservation and valorization is vitally important as long as requirements are met resistance and comfort. But while evolution of modern technology sometimes requires technical solutions that can preserve the existing housing stock and we have to accept modern conceptions of architects with innovative solutions that make the first human energy savings and comfort without compromising strength requirements. Therefore, newly constructed buildings are situated throughout the top real estate transactions and prices, although they have experienced a continuous decline in recent years, remains high relative to the financial possibilities of a regular citizen. The real estate market can be defined as the interaction between persons (individuals or companies) that change property rights against other assets such as cash. This market is defined based on the type of property, the potential to produce income, location and investors characteristics. The real estate market has experienced a downward trend in recent years due to the global financial crisis with a stagnation tendency. Thus, was noted that property values have continued to decrease in recent years in Romania, but in a slower tempo. One of the consequences of the national economy general decline can be assimilate with continues degradation of housing built quality and quantity. This is due, primarily, by the impossibility of individuals persons or companies to maintain a high quality standard. The purpose of this paper is to present a statistical analysis of the evolution of prices for urban real estate market of Iasi and in particular to highlight the differences between the acquisition prices for old and new buildings. Thus we present the evolution of prices for the years 2012 - 2013 the apartments of 1 to 4 rooms for proper both those built recently and those built decades ago. This analysis will be divided into districts and present developments and highlight the differences in average prices in these areas between the two types of property

The land is the greatest natural wealth inherited by a country. In this context, the state has not only the right but also the obligation to protect and properly manage it by developing and implementing new mechanisms and methods. State policy concerning the regulation of land relations is reflected in the development of legal norms (normative acts). The regulation of land relations based on the legislative acts represents an objective necessity and it should correspond to the evolution of land reform. It should be also noted the need to harmonize land legislation of the Republic of Moldova with the law requirements of the European Union.

guideline that promotes uniform procedures for equipment verification and data assessment in order to achieve the highest level of integrity for routine surveying applications. The guideline refers to field practise and statistical evaluation of the measured data using the local and the global tests. The former is an evaluation procedure performed on individual survey measurements, e.g. baseline, in order to assess the quality of a measurement and its assumed uncertainty at a statistical level. The latter is an evaluation procedure performed to assess the quality of the survey, such as a network, as a hole. Results from a number of field tests are given using different types of geodetic receivers.

Among geodetic methods for monitoring of hydrotechnical constructions, the application of horizontal geodetic networks in the form of triangulation, trilateration, or a combination thereof, to determine horizontal displacements of a certain dam, is performed assuming that the direction along which the most significant position changes are expected is known. Therefore, the design of a horizontal geodetic network for dam monitoring favourable geometry will be taken into account, to highlight with high precision horizontal displacements of the control points in the direction of interest. In the case study, the design and distance measurements on the model within a microtrilateration geodetic network are presented in order to determine the dam’s horizontal displacement vectors, exemplifying the adjustment computation using least squares method and evaluating the precision of the results, of which practical conclusions and recommendations of this method will be deduced.

The goal of time tracking constructions placed on a salt probes field is to obtain information in order to ensure the construction stability and to obtain an evaluation of the environmental conditions in order to prevent certain natural accidents, respectively prevention through diminishing material damages, prevention of loss of life and of environmental degradation. Based on topographic measurements conducted on topographic landmarks placed in the field or on topographic marks placed on the constructions’ foundations is tracked the determination of deformations and displacements that occur in the salt exploitation influence area and are also tracked the displacement directions of the landmarks (vertical displacements)