The Superior School of Land Surveying Engineering, the first superior education program in Wallachia, was inaugurated two hundred years ago (1818-2018). This memorable event occurred owe to the arduous efforts of a great patriot, Gheorghe Lazar, who carved a path for Romanians to pursue science and engineering in their maternal language.

The implementation of cadastre and cartographic products was generated by the society’s needs to develop, themeasurement technologies and the concept of graphic representation. The present case study includes a synthesis of the cadastraland cartographicworks that were conducted during three different historic periods: 1918 -1950, 1951 -1989 and 1990 -2018. Cadastre was first established in Greater Romania on January 3rd, 1919, based on Decree no. 3922 that stipulated the organization of “Central Office for Cooperation and Apportionment of Propriety to Peasants”. Within this new created institution it also functioned the “The Department of Cadastre and Technical Works” that was responsible with the implementation of the general cadastre. In the present stage, ithas passed on to the execution of systematic cadastral works estimated to be conducted between2015 -2023. These works are financed by the National Agency of Cadastre and Real Estate Advertisement and are conducted by specialized professionals according to the official legislation and technical provisions in force.

In the inventory process of real estate we use programs such as: Autodesk Autocad, ArcMap 10.2, Microsoft Office Excel, online platform ArcGIS, DDAPT aplication etc. This paper presents a way to develop a database needed for land inventory in the county Vaslui, town Murgeni, village Floreni. For the area of study, so far, has been made a series of queries through which we highlightedlands that has not received title deeds from the total of the existing ones. The operation is efficient and with high efficiency. The desired results were also achieved by developing thematic maps representing the cadastral plan of the studied area on cadastral sectors, categories of land use, construction destinations and tax on land value ranges. The work consisted of drawing the digital cadastral plan in Autocad, and afterwards the plan was imported into ArcMap, where the graphical database was correlated with the alpha-numeric one. Subsequent, was created an account on the ArcGIS-online platform to import, display, and use the database. This method can be further develop by including other items of interest, such as public utility networks (water -sewerage, heating, electrical, telephone, gas, roads)

Over the last years, the STC(Space Time Cube)visualization method has been analyzed in many scientific papersin the literature. The term STC cames from cartography, meaning a geographical representation where time is treated as the third dimension.This model was introduced by the Swedish geographer Hägerstrand at the end of the sixties. When datasets involve more than one dimension in addition to time are difficult to visualize. In a geovisualization environment, maps as digital representations are used to emphasize visual thinking about geospatial patterns, relationships, trends. Currently, GIS technology offers dedicated tools that lead to interesting viewing results using this method, the cube and its contents being automatically created from a database.We reviewed some functions ontemporal data, usedto view geospatial data sets in differentways.Also in the case study, an earthquake dataset was used, which was represented using the STCmethod, but also in the form of a temporal slider application.

The practice of cadastre implementation in the Republic of Moldova made us face an objective reality that later became a scientific issue -the models in the cadastre. This reality has its arguments. It took place in the post-soviet countries.For a long time in the post -soviet countries, the cadastre developed in the conditions of lack of private land ownership, under the conditions of the state monopoly on property. Particular attention was paid to the protection of land resources.In other countries of the EU, the cadastre was developed having the main purpose of protecting land ownership and implementing economic policies.Having different objectives, the reality has given rise to two models in the cadastre which, at the current (contemporary) stage, complete positively one another. At present, all three objectives are up to date for the society.The present study aims to highlight the points of tangency in the content of cadastral models in order to enrich the world cadastral concept by eliminating those negative aspects that cannot be successful for various reasons.

Based on the theories of Ptolemy emerge so far and Romania various systems cartographic projections: Stereographic 1930, Stereographic 1970or Universal Transverse Mercator, which are used today.Each of these cartographic projection systems presents both advantages and disadvantages.Analyzing the deformations in the main cartographic projections in our country, using a generic program of transformation of geospatial coordinates from one CRS to another, we can obtain visually appropriate interpretations and make statistics, with the possibility of the percentage, the advantages ofusing one or the other.Based on the above-mentioned criterion, the scientific paperaims to present the implications from the point of view of the linear deformations, which each of these projections generates, as well as a comparative analysis between them, more suggestively, the advantages of cartographic representation in each case.

Appraisals for tax assessment of real property are the direction of valuation activities which is, by virtue of its purpose, of particular interest for central and local governments as well as for tax payers.The article discusses the substance of the term value when appraised as the tax base for real property tax, the valuation approaches to be applied for tax assessment as well as the approaches applied currently in the Republic of Moldova and internationally for tax assessment purposes. Its focus is in particular the analysis of the methodology applied, in terms of its compliance with best international practices, as reflected in the international (IVS), European (EVS) and US (USPAP) valuation standards, and on the development of suggestions regarding its improvement

The aim of this work is to analyze the GNSS measurements results at different periods of time in order to estimate the accuracy of GNSS network monitoring in Republic of Moldova and to describe the national position system MOLDPOS.The goals of this paper are: the analyze of position systems; analyze of GNSS bases processing methods; the study of GNSS measures processing software and the adjustment of permanent stations network and the comparative analysis of the results.The most important part of the work was achieved by using Leica Geo Office Software that allowed to calculate the GNSS permanent stations coordinates for 4 different periods of time with the help of which was possible to determinate the smallest average deviation from initial coordinates andto determinate the average square error both in altitude and plan, in this way it’s possible to find out which accuracy is the best from all periods of time.The achievements of this paper are:for 30 minutes with ±1 cm in plan and ±2.6 cm for altitude and is the best accuracy and the rest of the results are represented in the next way: - 24 hours: in plan : ±0.9 cm and for altitude is ±3.4 cm;? - 60 minutes: in plan: ±1 cm and for altitude is ±2.7 cm; - 15 minutes: in plan: ±1.6 cm and for altitude is ±3.5 cm;

The inclinometer is used for small-angle measurement and can be fixed on the radio-communication tower to obtain changes relative to the construction’s vertical plane. The real inclination of the tower can be calculated by modellingthe variables obtained from the inclinometer in combination with geodetic measurements. In order to perform assembly error calibration a precise mathematical model based on inclinometer data and total station measurements is proposed. For experimental measurements a dual axis inclinometer and a reference prisms installed on the rigid platform were used. Finally, through simulations of various inclination of the platform, the calibration method is validated and the inclinometer measurement accuracy is evaluated. The preliminary results show the possibility to use this calibration method in order to determine initial position of the inclinometer installed on the tower construction

This article reflects the advantages of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in cadastral surveying as compared to classical data collection methods. The advantage of UAV systems lies in their high flexibility and efficiency in capturing the surface of an area from a lowflight altitude. In addition, further information such as orthoimages, elevation models and 3D objects can easily be gained from UAV images. The benefits of using UAVs in cadastral elevations and the new opportunities they offer for cadastral activity are impressive.

Nowadays, automation became a basic theme in all the fields of activity. Reducing the operator tasks from a workflow led to the need of research extensions in automation. In Photogrammetry we can start this process fromthedata collection and going to the final product generation. The main goal of this article is to facilitate the updating process of the National Geospatial Database and to ensure support for different productsof our institution. The study was conducted on two types of coverage: extraurban and urban areas, both in Bihor County. The segmentation and classification process used the Single Feature Probability method, consideringattributes like spectral signature,texture and shape. The results depend on the initial data, the workflow used and the samples collected.

Thescienceof mappinghas been imposed since ancient times, being generated by the development of other sciences, by military, economic and commercial geo-strategic requirements, and the use of mapsand topographical plans can be considered as old as time.In our country, starting withthe beginning of the twentieth century to the present, the development of reference geodetic systems has directly influenced the scientific issues of cartography.Thus, as a result of the military artillery of the First World War, our country has switched from equivalent projections to conformprojections, after whicha need for coordinate transformations from one system to anotherappeared. This paper aims to present the evolution of the cartographic basis and the reference systems used in Romania for the past 100 years.

The paper presents the way of construction and modeling of the runoff on rural and urban areas.Mike 21 Flexible Mesh software generates results in bidimensional hydrodinamic files that highlight the flow, speed, water level and space expansions of the flooded areas. The bidimensional model is calibrated with reference terms of the measured water level in the modeled area, the maximum limit of the hystorical flood recorded by physical landmarks. It also uses roughness parameters for land use on the analyzed extents.

Greenbuildings tend to become more and more present on the real estate market, being a less invasive solution for the environment, and at the sametime providing people with a healthier environment to live or do their daily activities.Green buildings, due to lower bills, the pleasant ascent and intake to improve quality of life and increase productivity, have proved to be more attractive on the real estate market, both for sale and for rent. For this reason it is necessary to know their specific elements, which may have an influence on the market value, as well as the particularities of the valuation process of this type of building