The problems of underground mining are based on the realization of a stable and precise underground topographic base made under optimum conditions, fulfilling the required conditions can be solved using the vector methods presented in Chapter 6, solving based on analytical, trigonometric and graphical processes. The introduction of an information system for solving the problems of mine penetration in the conditions of using a spatial reference system in optimal conditions of realization of the underground topographic networks of support represents an important contribution in the selection, programming and determination of elements of breaking of mining works performed in optimal conditions, efficient, accurate and economical.

The industrial objectives are the place of the activity necessary for the production of industrial goods intended for the consumption of the population. Due to the technological progress marked by the evolution of techniques and technology, the production and assembly lines of the industrial product have become increasingly complex including automation components such as conveyor belts, machine tools, manipulating robots, cranes, tunnels and other like these. These components, being connected to each other, require the need for special surveying to be placed in the field. In this context, the topographer engineer is present at every stage of the "life" of an industrial hall, starting with the plot, plotting the axes, positioning the posts in the construction phase, marking it in the cadastral registers, drawing machine tools and auxiliary equipment in its endowment phase, the behavior and deformation of the construction during its exploitation and the deletion of the construction during its demolition.

The delay in the implementation of the property laws in Romania along with the permissiveness of sanctions related to forest crimes, the repeated changes to the legal framework and the insufficiency of the funds allocated to afforestation are favorable conditions of the continuous diminishing of the Romanian forest fund, the negative effects being visible in the daily life. Due to the continuous growth of deforested areas as well as the production of extreme meteorological phenomena as a result of unfolding activities of unreasonable exploitation of wood in conditions that go beyond the legal framework, it is necessary to carry out the inventory works for the forest areas and to identify the right owners of these surfaces. At the same time, it is also necessary to make and update forest plans and maps in order to achieve a more accurate account of the areas affected by natural or human abnormalities.

Under the National Cadastre and Land Register Programme launched by the National Agency for Cadastre and Land Registration (ANCPI) in Romania, the systematic registration works initiated by the local territorial units (LAUs) are financed according to the law on cadastre and land registration no. 7/1996 republished with subsequent modifications [1]. Their object are the cadastral sectors within LAUs that include real estate properties outside the built-up areas or, in the absence of land outside built-up areas, at the level of cadastral sectors inside the built-up areas, irrespective of their owner or holder. The aim of the Programme is to accelerate the development and implementation of cadastre in Romania, to register properties into the integrated cadastre and land registry system, free of charge. It is also aimed at developing and implementing the cadastral map of real estate properties and at opening the land registers at the level of all territorial units in order to support the implementation of the new payment schemes in agriculture. Thus, the present paper presents the implementation of systematic cadastre in Sibiu, Gura Riului commune, in sector no. 29.

The lands designated for construction are generally irregular facts that are leading to various constructional malfunctions. These irregularities of the land require leveling works in the form of horizontal or inclined platforms where appropriate. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to calculate the volumes of materials to be used or dislocated in order to carry out the designed works. Thus, the present paper aims at the efficiency of digital modeling in order to equalize a horizontal platform. By digitally modeling the data taken from topographical measurements and making use of the architectural plan, the areas most affected by the altimetry will be easily identified, these areas being subjected to correction works in order to bring them to the level of the design.

Land ownership has always been the basis of all civilizations. The state has always sought to know and to be informed about the extent and distribution of public and private property. For this reason, it was felt that there was a need to describe and register in the records the property limits to have a clear record of them, to control or limit them and to set the tax on the property. Thus, through the cadastre, a system of general and compulsory registration of the entire land fund is realized irrespective of the ownership of the property and the category of its use. Thus, the cadastre does not study the land itself but establishes the ways in which all technical information concerning the land fund is collected, processed and represented on the maps and plans together with the inclusion in the Land Registry of the related legal acts and deeds. In this context, this paper seeks to carry out a comparative study on the cadastre institution in an international context as well as to identify the elements that can serve to create a most viable cadastral system.

At present, a number of historical buildings and monuments are affected by a common phenomenon, namely the capillary rise of water through foundations and walls, resulting in the appearance of dampness. At first glance this phenomenon does not receive the proper attention, which is why in a very short time it makes its presence felt by: efflorescence, molds, the appearance of molds and lichens, the fall of plasters, degradation of bricks, horizontal and vertical cracks, sediments. In addition to the fact that this "cancer" of construction called dirt creates an unsightly appearance, unpleasant, pungent odor can lead to the reduction of building stability and hence the thermal transfer is higher by a wet wall compared to a dry one. Thus, this paper aims at presenting the ways of intervention on a building affected by humidity, by making the study of a building located in Sibiu, consisting of a dwelling house, fencing and land.

The digital representation of the terrestrial surface as a result of the phenomenon of subsistence as a result of stratiform exploitation is a cartographic challenge for specialists in the field of engineering sciences. Such information allows a detailed visual analysis of the terrestrial surface deformation and movement, as a result of the appearance of the subsidence phenomenon. The present paper aims to present the digital modelling of the land and to obtain representative diagrams of the characteristic parameters that lead to the appearance of the subsidence phenomenon as a result of stratiform mine exploitation for the South Petrila mine exploitation field from the Hunedoara County.

The mining subsurface phenomenon is known as a particularly complex process, in time and space, referring to the displacement and deformation of the terrestrial surface as a result of the underground exploitation of various deposits, leading to a negative impact on the environment in time and more. The topo-geodetic monitoring of the subsidence phenomenon resulting from the exploitation of mining deposits has been, is and will always be a concern of the specialists in the field of engineering sciences, offering reliable results of studies on the establishment of measures for the protection of the civil and industrial objectives, and of human life. This paper presents the results obtained from the study of the topo-geodesic monitoring of the mining subsidence phenomenon for the Vulcan mining perimeter, Hunedoara County, Romania.

The implementation of the systematic cadastre is the entire responsibility of the Romanian State, through the National Agency for Cadastre and Real Estate Advertising. The systematic registration works are carried out at the level of a cadastral sector or several cadastral sectors. The cadastral sectors are established by the OCPI together with the City Hall before to the start of the procurement procedure by the Acquirer. The role of this paper is to present as easily as possible the methodology and the steps taken for the realization of the database for the implementation of the systemic cadastre in the territorial administrative unit „Cetatea de Balta”, Alba county.

Geographic information systems have emerged from the need of people from different functional structures to provide answers to questions arising from daily tasks. A GIS information system provides facilities for meeting workloads in a much shorter time, and the results are much more consistent and reliable. The design of the implementation of a GIS system starts with people and their needs and finishes with computer applications that are used to achieve stated goals, the whole system being designed to fulfill the proposed tasks. Thus, this paper seeks to carry out a statistical analysis of the Alba County population in the pension system using the facilities offered by the GIS applications. The main function of the identified social indicators is to respond to the requirements of monitoring the situation in the social protection sector, indicators that at national level can be integrated into the National Strategies in various fields.