The development of National Spatial Data Infrastructure in the Republic Moldova has been developed rapidly in recent years thanks to donors, namely Norwegian Government, JICA, European Commission, World Bank and others. This has led to the development and implementation of NSDI law, the development of Geoportal containing metadata, interoperable data and services, GNSS MoldPOS Net, the creation of a stakeholders’ working group. The Geographic Information will provide important contributions on both mitigation and adaptation to climate and environmental changes. The Geographical Information will help also in the following ways: geographical information provided by separate government institutions will help with smart climate services, infrastructure and land use planning in key sectors, as well as Disaster Risk Management from climate change. This paper describes the research of current situation in the Republic of Moldova in access and using the geospatial information by stakeholders, and nationally consistent basic spatial data, including orthophoto data and derived digital maps, and deliver spatial information that is up to date. To develop this research, the authors sent a Stakeholder Questionnaire “How does your organization use Geospatial Information?”. Furthermore, were interviewed individuals from 43 key organizations users of geospatial information. The individuals were from the central and local public authorities, associations and organizations of professionals, academia and private companies.

For the purpose of determining the horizontal displacements of the enclosure and counterscarp walls of the Suceava Seat Fortress, high-precision geodetic measurements were required. Thus, a local geodetic monitoring network was designed, materialized, and determined to obtain the planimetric positions of the control points placed on the mentioned walls, which will serve as reference points for future observation cycles.

In this article we highlight the current possibilities to understand traffic flow. There are many ways, among which we have chosen the use of TomTom and ArcGIS, to correlate the time of the week with the queuing queue length in the adjacent areas at the entrance and exit of the A3 highway, respectively, at the intersection with Petricani Street and Fabrica de Glucoza Street. Methods such as junction analysis, route monitoring and drive time areas were used. Using these methods it is possible to analyze other critical areas in Bucharest, and in the article we also considered the intersection of Lacul Tei Boulevard - Petricani Street - Doamna Ghica Street. Such methods can also be useful to analyze the area that emergency services can serve in a given timeframe. A secondary objective was to investigate the ModelBuilder Beta capabilities in 2025.

In this article we present the current situation of the use of GenAI and GeoAI in higher education and exemplify some possibilities for recognizing the use of AI through proper citation. Currently there is the AI Regulation developed at the level of the European Commission in the framework of the Digital Agenda. This is the first legal framework on AI that addresses the risks of AI and positions Europe to play a leading role globally. Starting from this context, we want to highlight the advantages and disadvantages that this way of working brings, but also to realistically identify some possibilities for properly citing the contribution of AI in scientific work at the academic level. It is necessary to implement such citation systems starting from the bachelor and master levels. At the doctoral level students should already know and apply the elements that are to be included in the Guide for the elaboration of doctoral theses, by the National Commission for the Certification of University Degrees, Diplomas and Certificates.

The last decades of the last century in the Republic of Moldova, as in a number of other European countries, were highlighted as a period of socio-economic changes of exaggerated proportions. The absolute dominance of state property, being a consequence of the revolutionary experiment since 1917, served as a main cause of the backward living conditions of the country population, the permanent lack of food in shops and local markets, miserable salaries, etc. At the same time, the state authorities for a period of at least 10 years (1990-2000) by all means delayed the start of real reforms of the national economy.Only in 1998 was the National Program "Land" launched, according to which agricultural lands of approximately two thousand agricultural enterprises were subjected to the privatization process with the subsequent revitalization of both private ownership and the free market for agricultural land in the Republic of Moldova.The detailed analysis of the local agricultural land market over the last almost 25 years, the identification of both the results obtained and the unsolved problems with the indication of scientifically substantiated ways of solving them, serves as the main purpose of this article.

The restoration of historical monuments presents significant challenges, requiring a combination of precision and non-intrusive techniques to preserve their architectural integrity. This paper explores the use of Terrestrial and Aerial Laser Scanning for the renovation of the Republican Stadium, a historical structure built between 1950-1951 in Chi?inau, Republic of Moldova. The application of modern methods, such as scanning with the Leica BLK360 and DJI Phantom 4 RTK, along with advanced software like Leica Cyclone Register 360 and AgisoftMetashape, enabled the highly accurate capture of data regarding the structure and decorative details of the stadium. The integration of this data into a complex three-dimensional system facilitated the creation of a detailed digital model, essential for preserving the original architectural elements and planning restoration interventions. Moreover, the transformation of point clouds into textured 3D meshes enabled the creation of realistic visualizations for analysis, restoration planning, and virtual exploration. This study highlights the significant potential of combining terrestrial and aerial scanning technologies for the conservation of cultural heritage, demonstrating how non-intrusive methods can offer both accuracy and the preservation of original features in the restoration of historical buildings.

The development of GNSS reference networks at national and regional level has led to the need to integrate them into European and international networks. This involves the coordinate computation of GNSS antennas for the reference stations, both in ETRF and ITRF/IGS systems, ensuring a high precision and accuracy. This task can only be achieved by performing a rigorous data analysis using scientific software, designed for this purpose. In this context, the coordinates’ certification by the European specialized forum, namely EPN, represents the last step to be taken, in order to fully integrate the Romanian Position Determination System – ROMPOS into the European network, according to the EPN Guidelines.

In a period when environmental responsibility is becoming more and more important, Republic of Moldova has to take decisive steps in favour of a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future. In this context, the rational use of land resources is one of the effective ways to promote these positive changes. When we recognize the need to invest in a greener future, we understand that this choice is not just a symbolic gesture, but a smart and important step for those who want to live today and in the future in a greener environment. The main purpose of the article is to determine the sustainability and ecological stability of the environment on the territory of the Republic of Moldova and to develop recommendations for the development of the territory from a social, economic and ecological perspective, in the context of the protection of limited natural resources. The article presents generalized values of regional environmental indicators of sustainable development and assesses the natural and anthropogenic instability of the environment.

The number of real estate disputes has increased significantly in recent years, particularly in the area of land ownership, where cases concerning property boundaries, ownership rights, and the validity of title deeds have become increasingly common. This trend highlights the absolute necessity for rigorous and objective judicial expertise that can provide clear and reliable evidence. In this case, cadastral data and topographic measurements play an important role in clarifying legal issues related to property. The correct and accurate use of data collected from cadastral and topographic works contributes significantly to establishing legal truth and implementing appropriate policies in the field of land tenure. The paper aims to demonstrate that, through the correct use of topographic and cadastral data, judicial expertise becomes an objective tool, capable of providing courts with a solid basis for issuing fair judgments that are in line with the reality on the ground.

Forests are one of the most important natural resources of Romania, having an essential role in maintaining the ecological balance, protecting soil and water, regulating the climate regime and ensuring a healthy environment for communities. Also, in addition to the ecological value, the forest has economic value due to the production of wood and other secondary products, but also has social value due to its recreational and cultural role. Based on these invaluable properties of the forest, the main problem is represented by the management of these valuable lands both for humans and for their role in environmental protection.

Knowledge of the spatial location of the right to land is an objective necessity. In the cadastral process, the land measurements by identifying the right to the land in kind and its registration, represent two component parts of the "protection of the right of ownership". Over time, including at the current stage, the identification of the right in kind for the purpose of registration is carried out in the "x, y" coordinate system. The cadastral plan, as well as a legal document, is elaborated in the "x, y" coordinate system. Land policies (mainly urban) require us to rethink the concept of land rights registration and respectively to move from the "x, y" coordinate system to a 3D system in order to take into account the vertical components (z/h).

The concept of heritage represents a multidimensional projection of the interaction between the anthropic factor and the spatio-temporal substrate, necessitating a systemic approach within the process of inventorying and territorial management. The convergence of cultural, natural, and landscape heritage dictates a shift beyond segregated analysis, as natural elements acquire value-based significance in relation to the socio-cultural context. Pursuant to the European Landscape Convention (ratified by Law No. 345/2006), the landscape is defined as a complex territorial unit resulting from the interdependence of natural and human factors. From a cadastral perspective, this holistic vision establishes the need for a conservation strategy that transcends the focus on isolated immovable assets, ensuring instead the maintenance of functional equilibrium between natural components and human activities, integrated into a coherent system of territorial record-keeping and protection.

Human development has been possible by designing technological applications using diverse energy resources. Anyway, recorded progress has been feasible because of using fossil fuels for energy production, fact that has had as a result also undesired environmental pollution, especially by CO2 emissions bringing much debated global warming. Connected to fossil fuels, they have limited availability, renewable energy resources being understood as solution for assuring energy supply. In this context, Arab countries could play an important role regarding the usage of solar energy for assuring electric energy supply. Related to this fact, solar cadastre is currently much debated, implying main data collection by considering different natural conditions such as diverse levels of solar radiation. Available odds of power supply by photovoltaic panels by using solar cadastre will be pointed out in Arab countries, a case study for Jordan being presented. Applying potential of photovoltaic panels will be emphasized where the role of solar cadastre will be emphasized. Finally, some conclusions will be drawn about applying potential of solar cadastre for power supply.