Inoculation with selected Rhizobium strains of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) contributes to the agricultural yield of this legume, improves soil fertility and reduces the use of nitrogen fertilizers in sustainable agricultural systems. The research aimed to determine the effect in field of the native strain Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae COL6 on growth, N fixation and agricultural yield in common bean cv. Percal. A field trial was carried out to evaluate the parameters of nodulation, biomass, nitrogen fixation, yield components and agricultural yield in common bean. In addition, soil analyzes were performed before and after experimentation. Prior to planting an inoculant was formulated with the strain COL6. The seeds of cv. Percal were mixed in 250 g inoculant per 10 kg of seed and it was sown manually in the soil. The results of growth, N fixation (total N %) and agricultural yield demonstrated the positive effect of inoculation with the bacterial inoculant comparable with chemical fertilizers. The increase in agricultural yield with bacterial inoculant application and chemical fertilization with respect to control was 62 and 64 %, respectively. The results of the soil analysis were variable with respect to the initial physical-chemical characteristics. The promising results of bacterial inoculant use and the effective stimulation in common bean, open the doors for its potential use in Ecuadorian soils and with that the desired potential yield can be reached.

To objective of evaluate the response of two cultivars of chickpea (Nac-29 and Nac-5 HA) under different soil moisture conditions, field research was carried out in productive teaching plot of the University of Granma. Sowing was carried out on November 22, 2014. Two treatments were used: T1 (Control) and T2 (varieties of chickpea in water stress) with three replicates, distributed in a randomized block design with split plot arrangements (The large plots corresponded to the two moisture conditions and the small plots to varieties). The variables were: length and diameter of pods, number of grains per plant, number of grains per pods, weight of 100 seeds and agricultural yield. The results obtained were statistically processed using the STATISTICA version 8.0 for Windows program and in case of significant differences, a variance analysis was performed using the Tukey Multiple Range test. The results showed that, with the cultivation of the chickpea, better results are obtained when the plants are subjected to water stress conditions.

In order to evaluate the productivity of established A. mangium seven forest variables related to timber production were studied during three years. The sampling areas included Salaminas, Camajuaní road, kilometer 13.9 (Site 1) and Sheets Manacas Model Forest in 25.9 latitude 22º 39 North and longitude West 80º17 43.43 (Site 2). The data were processed with the professional package STATGRAPHICS CENTURION, Version XVII 2006. It was shown that in the site 2 were reached the best indicators in diameter at breast height, total height, height of insertion of the cup and basal area. The best correlations were obtained between crown diameter and diameter at breast height, total height, basal area and volume, with a correlation coefficient of 0.6945, 0.7061, 0.7614 and 0.8004 respectively. The study demonstrated the relationship between the crown diameter with the site conditions and the density of planting, as an important indicator of productivity.

The research was conducted in order to evaluate the adaptability of three promissory clones of National cocoa proposed by the Autonomous Equatorian Institute of Agricultural Research to the ecological conditions of the Arosemena Tola canton, belonging to the Napo province, Equator. To carry out to this objective a random blocks design was made, where the treatments consisted on the promissory clones, EET-95, EET-96 and EET-103 compared with the clone CCN-51 used as control. Morphological and agronomic indicators were determined. The promissory clones have characteristic of adaptability to the conditions study, in particular the clone EET-103, with high index of seeds, similar values of fruit index and yield that the control, but with higher quality and lower content of heavy metals in the seeds.

The present research was carried out in an organoponic belonging to the University of Matanzas. With the aim to evaluate the biochemical and productivity responses of carrot (Daucus carota L.) after the application of native microorganisms four treatments were analyzed (control, native microorganism is biopreparations with doses of 4 mL m-2, 8 mL m-2 and 10 mL m-2, the ME were sprayed on 20, 40 and 60 days, respectively). The experimental design employed was a complete randomize block. The yield and its components as well as the biochemical parameters total soluble protein, carbohydrates and reducing sugar were measured. The obtained results suggested that the native microorganisms had a positive effect on the yield and its components in carrot plants, where 10 mL m-2 was the most effective dose, increased 0,72 kg m-2. The contents of soluble carbohydrates, reducing sugar and soluble proteins were also increased in a maxim value of 3.35 mg mL-1, 17.6 kg m-2 and 8.05 kg m-2 respectively, with the application of the studied bioproduct.

The present investigation was carried out with the objective of determining the utility of the processor of images ImageJ® 1.43u to characterize the lesions of the ring spot disease of sugarcane Leptosphaeria sacchari Breda de Haan). Symptomatic leaves from a 10 stalks sample of the sugarcane cultivar C89-147 were separated and cut in three same parts and identified as third 1, 2 and 3, starting from the insert of the leaf with the sheath until the apex. The long, wide and area occupied by L. sacchari in a sample of 1000 lesions was measured. The foliage area and the area affected with lesions of each third of leaf, in 55 leaves, subsequently the percentage of Affected Foliate Area and the biometrics parameters of the evaluated variables were calculated. The most frequent values of long, wide and area of the lesions, were 10 mm, 2.78 mm, and 10.71 mm2, respectively. The dimensions of the lesions and the Affected Foliate Area were significantly increased starting from leaf +5. In the two superior thirds of the leaves the biggest quantity of affected area was located. The sugarcane cultivar C89-147 exhibited an intermediate reaction with risk to present susceptibility under favorable conditions for the development of the disease. The processor of images turned out to be a useful tool to characterize the symptoms of this disease.

In order to reduce the damages granivorous birds cause to sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in the province of Villa Clara, Cuba, research based on the determination of the major endemic, migratory birds and their relationship with the distribution were made space of historical meteorological variables in the province in the seasonal behavior of birds in different climatic regions. Population to sorghum producers grouped in different forms surveys were conducted, which yielded a large database, such as the determination of the main grain-eating birds percentage damage incurred, varieties, grain color, growth stage and other indicators. Nine main species affecting sorghum grain-eating birds in our province were recorded; Passer domesticus, Lonchura malacca, Lonchura punctulata, Dives atroviolaceus, Passerina cyanea, Zonotrichia leucophrys, Columbina passerine, Zenaida macroura y Zenaida asiatica. The spatial distribution of meteorological variables and their relation to the seasonal behavior of birds in different climatic regions of the province was determined, based on record four preferential habitat areas. The results allowed us to provide companies and different forms of production in Villa Clara, the possibility of a varietal structure planting of sorghum on the basis of different preferential areas granivorous birds, together with the morphological and physiological characteristics of different genotypes introduced in agricultural production of the province and nationally.

The etiology of the mealybug wit of pineapple (MWP) disease is associated with a complex of ampeloviruses (Closteroviridae) named Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus-1 to -5 (PMWaV-1 to -5). The aims of this study were to determine the specie of PMWaVs associated with MWP symptoms in pineapples plants hybrid MD-2, and virus presence in asymptomatic crowns of the same cultivar. Six symptomatic plants and 25 asymptomatic crowns were collected in pineapples cv. MD-2 commercial fields in Ciego de Ávila, during the period 2010-2015. The crowns were used as explants to produce in vitro plants. Total RNAs were extracted to detect PMWaV-1, -2 and -3 by RT-PCR. Five of the six MWP symptomatic plants contained PMWaV-2 infection, four of them with mixed infection with PMWaV-1 and/or PMWaV-3. The forty percent of the 25 "in vitro" plants were infected, at least, by one PMWaV, 16 % of the three viral species, 8 % by two, and 16 % by only one virus. The incidence of PMWaVs was 38.5 % either for PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-3 (12/31), and 32.3 % for PMWaV-2 (10/31). These results indicate the need of the sanitary certification of pineapple propagation material.

The characterization of the symptoms of the orange rust was carried out on the Sugar Cane Research Territorial Station (ETICA Centro Villa Clara), of the Sugarcane Research Institute (INICA) in Cuba. Ten infected stalks of the cultivars B52107, CSG398-92, C01-227 and Clon218-2011 were evaluated. With a photographic camera the image of the three thirds of 236 leaves infected was captured on a squared paper with well-known distances. By means of the processing of images ImageJ® 1.43u the Affected Foliate Area (AFA) was determined to in each third and of the complete leaf, later on the long, wide and area occupied by 554 pustules of the P. kuehnii. In the leaves from +3 at +7 were the intermediate values of AFA for P. kuehnii and this it was significantly major in the superior third of the leaves and minor in the basal part. The most frequent dimensions in the pustules of P. kuehnii reached the length understood between 0.75 and 3.0 mm, between 0.24 and 0.61 mm wide and an area of 1.39 mm2, with differences among cultivars. The emergency of the pustules was generally presented in to add form and with collapsed areas of 2.97 mm2 to 979.8 mm2.

Molluscs have become a serious problem for vegetable crops, especially the species Praticolella griseola (Pfeiffer). Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the percentage of mortality of the plant extracts on P. griseola in both laboratory and field conditions. An "in vitro" assay was performed with vegetable extracts of maguey (Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq.) Family: Agavaceae, spiny güirito (Solanum globiferum L., Family: Solanaceae), chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L., Solanaceae), cardon (Euphorbia lactea Haw., Family: Euphorbiaceae). When evaluating three concentrations of the extract of each botanical species, a completely randomized design was used in "in vitro" conditions and random blocks on the field. The extraction of the chili pepper extract was carried out using the fruit baking method, the S. globiferum was obtained from the milling of the dried fruits and the F. hexapetala and E. lactea were obtained through the fragmentation of stalks. Extracts of F. hexapetala, S. globiferum, C. frutescens, E. lactea, are alternatives to be used by producers in the control of P. griseola. The highest percentages of mortality are reached with the extracts of C. frutescens and S. globiferum at 72 hours of application.

In order to characterize and design a dichotomous key for identifying weeds diasporas in the diasporas land bank, were collected and characterized diasporas of 47 species of the most aggressive weeds in agroecosystems reported in Cubans lands. The work of collection was carried out between June 2013 and March 2014 in the areas of the campus of the Central University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas, the Botanical Garden of Villa Clara, the Experimental Station "Álvaro Barba Machado ", the Basic Unit of Cooperative Production 3 Valle de Yabú and Topes de Collantes Protected Natural Landscape. The main features of the diasporas were characterized considering size, three-dimensional shape and contour, surface, and special characters for the dispersion are recorded, allowing the collected differentiate diasporas and shape the design of a dichotomous key, to be used for it which detached single entry model was used.

During the development of the Bambú project Biomass, in the Bayamo sub-basin, belonging to the Cauto river basin, achieved the reforestation of more than 2000 ha with several species of bamboos, located in their great majority within protection zones of the Bayamo River and the Manegua River, the latter of third order and affluent of the Bayamo river. The existing soils are Luvisols, Vertisols, Carbonated and Hydromorphic Pardos. The predominant topography is flat to slightly wavy.

In the 90s and until 2003 the garden botanist was exposed to atypical conditions of weed control due to the effects economic conditions that the country faced, as well as the influence of meteorological phenomena severe that happened in the stage. Their living collections showed a marked deterioration due to the invasion of different generations of individuals belonging to exotic tree species, a phenomenon that produces in such conditions as they exposed Pyšek et al. (2004). Within the forest of gallery increased the presence of species invaders, located inside other areas from the botanical garden; Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (Myrtaceae) species recognized by Oviedo et al. (2011), as one of the invaders more aggressive than in Cuba, has increased notably its presence in this ecosystem.