The objective of this research was to determine the efficacy of maguey extract (Furcraea antillana A.) for the control of the white mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks), pest of great economic importance in potato crops (Solanum tuberosum L.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). An experimental investigation was carried out in the Horquita Crop Company of Abreus municipality, Cienfuegos province, by field trials in potato and peeper. A maguey leaves extract obtained in a mill (employed to extract the stem juice of sugar cane) was used. In each crop a randomized block design was used in plots of 100 m2 with five treatmens and four replicas. The treatment was four concentations of the extract of F. antillana (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 %) and a control (without treatment). The extract of F. antillana get efficiency above 70 % at the field level in the control of P. latus at or above 12.5 % concentrations, the extract constitutes a good phytosanitary alternative to be used in the management of this pest.

The present work was developed with the aimed to evaluate the application of worms humus in the production of seedlings of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) cultivar Roma, in the rural settlement San Isidro-San Ignacio, municipality of Tinaquillo, State of Cojedes, Republic of Venezuela. Five treatments were studied: chemical fertilization (control), worms humus at 4 t ha-1 bottom, worms humus at 4 t ha-1 bottom + worms humus leaching above foliage at 15 days of seeds germination, worms humus at 6 t ha-1 bottom and worms humus at 6 t ha-1 bottom + worms humus leaching (1L per 50 L water) above foliage at 15 days of seeds germination.

The aim of the research was to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of Colletotrichum acutatum antracnosis to seven fungicides. It began with an isolate preserved in the ceparium of the Phytopathology Laboratory of the High School Studies of Xalostoc, Morelos. A completely randomized design was used to evaluate the fungicides benomyl, diphenoconazole, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, copper oxychloride, fluoxastrobin and captan, at high, medium and low doses, for a total of 22 treatments with six repetitions. Sterile distilled water was applied to the control. The treatments were applied at a rate of 5 mL per plate, which contained PDA medium and a mycelial disc (Ø 5 mm). The inoculated plates were incubated at 24 °C, in 12 hour photoperiod. The colony diameter was measured every 24 hours and the percent inhibition was calculated. A bifactorial variance analysis was performed, according to Fungicide and Dose; and the differences between treatments were detected by the LSD test with 95 % confidence. The diameter of the colony and the percentage of inhibition did not show differences for dose levels, without significant effects for the interaction of both factors, fungicides, and dose. However, all doses of the different fungicides inhibited colony growth compared to the control. The benomyl, difenoconazol and captan fungicides were able to totally reduce the growth of the C. acutatum colony; followed by copper oxychloride, azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin and trifloxystrobin in decreasing order. Only benomyl, difenoconazol, captan and copper oxychloride achieved more than 50 % inhibition.

In Cuba, the methodology used for sugarcane brown rust resistance evaluation has limited patterning, which makes it difficult to adequately handle cultivars in the intermediate categories of reaction, provided that from an agro-productive point of view they are interest. Six known reaction patterns and 11 commercial cultivars were studied. The variables, length, amount and percentage of leaf area occupied by pustules were recorded, as well as the length of the major pustule. The application and interpretation of statistical methods allowed to ratify as highly resistant PR980, resistant Ja64-11 and as susceptible My5514. The cultivars SP70-1284 (moderately resistant), C88-380 (moderately susceptible) and C323-68 (susceptible) are included as new standards. They are reclassified to C334-64 (moderately susceptible), Ja60-5 and B4362 (highly susceptible).

Among the main factors affecting bean production is poor distribution of varieties for different environmental conditions in which its are grown. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of participatory selection of foreign genetic materials and national commercial and pre-commercial common bean in identifying genotypes for their outstanding performance and resistance to common bacteriosis (Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye (Xcp). In the "El Mulato" farm belonging to the Empowered Cooperative of Credit and Services (CCSF) "Orlando Cuellar" in the municipality San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, two experiments were conducted. In the first one, 15 genotypes were planted in 13 September 2014 (early season) in experimental plots to develop a diversity Fair and evaluate the natural incidence of common bean bacteriosis. In the second experiment, they were sown on 25 December (late season) the materials selected by farmers with superior agronomic performance (7 genotypes) to validate the stability of its performance. Among the results, an effective range of 93,33 % between the selected materials and selective criteria that this diversity was identified were high performance, resistance to common bacteriosis and color of beans. It was found that the selection of the diversity of beans by farmers is not influenced by the origin of materials and participatory selection identified common bean genotypes with high yield potential and stability between planting seasons.

The work was developed in sugarcane areas of cuban vertisols of the north coast of the province of Villa Clara municipality of Sagua la Grande, with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of phosphate limestone and their combinations with fertilizers and organic manure on the structure and quality of vertisols under sugarcane cultivation. An experiment with phosphate limestone levels and combinations with organic manure (compost, filter cake) and fertilizers (NPK) was carried out on a wasstrip-block design. A soil analysis was performedat the depth of 0-20 and 20 -40 cm 36 months after the application of treatments. Organic matter, stable aggregates, factor structure, permeability, T value, exchangeable cations, index soil quality and productivity of sugarcane were evaluated. Phosphate limestone and there combinations with organic manures manifested significant effects on soil structure both in the surface layer and subsurface with residual impact over time to 36 months. The results show the close relationship between phosphate limestone and there combinations with organic manures on soil quality index additive, yield of sugarcane and economic impact.

The research work was carried out in areas of the Agricultural Production Cooperative "Carlos Bastida Argüello" in Cauto Cristo municipality of Cuban province of Granma in the period between November 2013 and February 2014, on a fluvisol soil at a plantation distance of 0.90 x 0.30 m, in order to evaluate the effect of different doses of organic manure bocashi on the productive response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) variety "Vyta". The treatments consisted of the application of three doses of manure "bocashi" and a control without application. A randomized complete block design with three repetitions was used and the evaluated variables were: the yield and its components (number of bunches per plant, number of fruits per plant, mass of fruits per plant, polar and equatorial diameter of the fruit and mesocarp thickness). The data obtained were submitted to a variance analysis of double classification with the use of SPSS version 22. In case of significant differences between treatments a Tukey test was performed for comparison of means. The results showed that treatment with application of organic manure had a positive influence on the yield and majority of yield components values. The yields values were higher in the three doses of organic manure than in the control treatment and yield increased with the increase of dosage of organic manure.

The present work was carried out at the Laboratory of Insect Pathology of the Center for Agricultural Research (CIAP), located at the Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, with the aim to evaluate the effect of the ozone (O3) treatment on the seed vigor of P. vulgaris. To determine the effect of the ozone on the seed vigor, a germination test, electrical conductivity test and emergency tray test were performed on two common bean varieties (BAT-304 and Delicias-364). Ozone did not affect the vigor of the seeds of the varieties BAT-304 and Delicias-364. The exposure time of P. vulgaris seeds to 150 ppm of O3 did not affect the parameters of germination speed and the percentage of germination of the seeds.

The energy-related investment process is decisive for the Cuban nation. Its effects not only will yield a sustained increase in the production of capital goods as well as and in the area of services at the macroeconomic level, but those rural settlements not previously beneficiated will receive this service. That will benefit those rural settlements that do not receive this service. An alternative to achieve this is the generalization of use of the renewable resources. In this environment the research proposes a Decision Making Analysis Framework for rural energy-wise policy, which integrates the energy-related investment decisions with local sustainable development. The implementation of the proposal led to the declaration of governmental policies from the territorial strategic planning of the territory as a premise guarantor of for development-goals at the national level.

During the months of November to February of the periods 2009-2010 and 2010-2011, two experiments in the Granma province, Cuba, were carried out in order to evaluate the variability and relations between the variables morphoagronomycs evaluated. Nineteen genotypes of black bean in parcels of 7 m2 in a design of blocks at random with three replications were seeded. The planting distances were 0.70 m between furrows and 0.05 m between plants. Sixteen variables were evaluated and the data were processed by means of descriptive statistic and simple correlations. The results showed strong positive correlations between the pairs of variables: yield-weight of seeds for plant (r = 0.99) and number of seeds for plant - number of pod for plant (r= 0.94). The variables number of leaves for plant, height of the plant, number of pots for plant, number of seeds for plant, weight of seeds for plant, longitude of the seed and grain yield presented high variability, which can be useful for being used in programs of improvement in this species.

In Ecuador, the principal disease in strawberry is the grey mould caused by B. cinerea. Chemical fungicides are used only for its control but sometime cause phyto-toxicity due frequent application, high doses and non-rotation of active ingredients. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of iodinecitrate of cupper (Citrubact) on fruits number afected by B. cinereain Fragaria vesca L. cv. Albion in Tungurahua province. Iodinecitrate reduced the number of infected flowers with B. cinerea. Doses of 0.588 g L-1 each 14 days; 0.588 g L-1 each 7 days; 0.392 g L-1 each 14 days and 0.196 g L-1 each 7 days of active ingredient increase the number of healthy fruit in comparison with unprotected fruits. Based on results Citrubact is an efficient chemical alternative to control B. cinerea in F. vesca. This fungicide is accepted in strawberry organic production system in Ecuador and other producing countries which conferee added value.

Nitrogen fertilization is essential to raise sugarcane yield in soils deficient in N. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen application in production and borer attack on sugarcane. The experiment was conducted at Escobar District, State of Paraguarí, Paraguay. Three sugarcane growing seasons were evaluated during 2011-2013. The experimental design was randomized blocks with seven treatments and three repetitions, with annual application of increasing of nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 kg ha-1). At 360 days of each crop cycle, harvest was performed with the following assessments: industrial plant height, number of internodes per plant, infestation intensity index and yield. The nitrogen rate of maximum technical efficiency and maximum economic efficiency was determined. Statistical analysis of variance, means comparison and regression were performed. Nitrogen fertilization did not affect plant height and number of internodes, but increased yield and borer attack. For every kg ha-1 of nitrogen applied 0.25 t ha-1 of yield is added, and 0.27 % of infestation intensity index increase is obtained. The rate of maximum technical efficiency was 157,4 kg N ha-1 for a yield of 73,6 t ha-1, and the rate of maximum economic efficiency was 136.5 kg N ha-1 for a yield of 88,2 t ha-1.

The use of organic fertilizers in the fertilization of crops is an alternative to the problems generated by the intensive use of chemical fertilizers. The objective of this research was to evaluate the application to soil of organics fertilizers compared with a control treatment with chemical fertilization on the yield and its components in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Treatments consisted in to apply worm humus, water hyacinth compost, a mixture with 50 % worm humus and 50 % of water hyacinth compost, and a chemical control. It was evaluated fruits quantity per harvest, fruit length, diameter and fruit weight per harvest and yield. Results showed that the plants that were supplemented with worm humus, followed by worm humus + water hyacinth they had significantly better response with respect to the length, diameter and weight of the fruits.