Nowadays fans are seen as consumers due to commercial transformations of football clubs Fans who are identified and loyal to their teams support their team in the stadium and spend on match day. Team identification and spectator attendance are main goals of sport marketers. Aim of this research is to investigate the effects of fan identification on the decision of spectator attendance to sport. Therefore, research data was gathered from fans in stadiums. The study group are 178 Karsiyaka, Göztepe and Bucaspor supporters. In order to determinate fan identification Sport Spectator Identification Scale, which was originally developed by Wann & Bromscobe (1993) and was adapted to Turkish by Günay & Tiryaki (2003); and to measure spectator decision to sport, Scale of Spectators’ Decision to Attend, developed by Gencer & Aycan (2008) were used. In this research, it’s found that fan identification of males is higher than females fan identification. Attendance to sport is not different by gender. There is significantly difference between the teams by attendace to sport. The decision in attendance to sport of fans, who evaluate the ticket price is fair price, is higher than other fans, who evaluate the ticket price is low. It is found that the identification of fans watches the game in stadium, is higher than the identification of fans, who watch the game in home or café. Another result of this study is that fan identification has negative effect on spectator attendance.

The aim of this study is to find out psychological well-being and perceived stress states of university students during the coronavirus process and to research the effects of psychological well-being on perceived stress. “Psychological well-being” and “perceived stress” scales filled in by 659 university students were evaluated. Independent t test, one way ANOVA and LSD tests were used in statistical analysis. Psychological well-being states of the participants were found to be statistically different in terms of gender (p<0.05). Female students were found to have lower well-being scores. Conversely, no significant difference was found in perceived stress scores in terms of gender (p>0.05). Statistically significant difference was found between well-being scores in terms of perceived immunity (p<0.05). Psychological well-being scores were found to increase as the state of believing in the strength of immunity increased. The lowest well-being scores were found in the participants who perceived their immunity weak. Perceived stress scores were also found to differ significantly in terms of perceived immunity (p<0.05). Perceived stress scores of the participants who perceived their immunity strong were found to be significantly lower than those of the participants who perceived their immunity weak. In addition, well-being and perceived stress scores of students were found to differ significantly in terms of sleep pattern during the pandemic (p<0.05). The students who stated that there were no changes in sleep pattern were found to have the highest psychological well-being scores. Psychological well-being scores of students who slept between 7 and 9 hours were found to be significantly higher and their perceived stress scores were found to be significantly lower than the students who slept 6 hours or less and those who slept 10 hours or more (p<0.05). It can be said that good sleep patterns and sleeping between 7 and 9 hours increased students’ psychological well-being and decreased their perceived stress. It was found that while psychological well-being of university students differed in terms of gender, perceived immunity and sleep pattern, their perceived stress did not differ in terms of gender. It was found that students’ perceived stress differed in terms of perceived immunity and sleep duration of students. It was found that psychological well-being explained 0.9% (R2= 0,009) of the variation on perceived stress. It is recommended to reduce the perceived stress of university students by increasing their psychological well-being. It is also recommended to increase students’ level of believing in their immunity and to ensure that they sleep regularly and sufficiently.

It is a matter of curiosity how speed, agility, balance, muscle strength, and, cognitive performance, which are of great importance for success in football, will be affected after high-intensity intermittent exercise and moderate-intensity continuous exercise. The aim of this study is to examine how speed, agility, balance, muscle strength, and, cognitive performance will be affected after fatigue created by intermittent and continuous exercise applied to football players. In this study, the professional team of sub-structure in the league who played football academy in 24 males (age: 18.16±1.4 years, weight: 71.43±7.69 kg, height: 175.65±8.42 cm, BMI: 23.2±4.3 kg/m2 ; age sports: 7.8±1.9 years) athletes participated in the study. Analyzes were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for 25.0. The significance level was determined as p=0.05. Our main findings revealed that physical performance could be better preserved after RPS compared to OYSE, and cognitive performance could be improved better after RSI compared to resting state and OYSE. In addition, a significant difference was found in the agility, balance, CMJ, and SJ values of the measurements taken after OYSE according to the resting state, and in the CMJ values taken after OYSE compared to the post-YYAE values. As a result, it is seen that the fatigue created by intermittent and continuous exercise directly affects physical performance. It is thought that physical and cognitive performance, which is evaluated together with the increase in peripheral and central fatigue, is negatively affected after OYSE - Futbolda basari için büyük önem arz eden hiz, çeviklik, denge, kas gücü ve bilissel performans yüksek siddetli aralikli egzersiz ve orta yogunluklu sürekli egzersiz sonrasi ne sekilde etkilenecegi merak konusudur. Bu çalismanin amaci ise futbolculara uygulanan aralikli ve sürekli egzersizle olusturulan yorgunluk sonrasi hiz, çeviklik, denge, kas gücü ve bilissel performansin ne sekilde etkilenecegini incelemektir. Bu çalismaya, profesyonel takimin alt yapisinda akademi liginde futbol oynayan 24 erkek (yas: 18.16±1.4 yil, vücut kütlesi: 71.43±7.69 kg, boy: 175.65±8.42 cm, VKI: 23.2±4.3 kg/m2 ; spor yasi: 7.8±1.9 yil) sporcu çalismaya katilmistir. Analizler, IBM SPSS Statistics for 25.0 kullanilarak gerçeklestirilmistir. Anlamlilik düzeyi p=0.05 olarak belirlenmistir. Ana bulgularimiz, fiziksel performansin OYSE’ye göre YYAE’den sonra daha iyi korunabilecegini ve bilissel performansin YYAE sonrasi dinlenik duruma ve OYSE’ye göre daha iyi gelistirebilecegini ortaya koymustur. Ayrica, OYSE’den sonra alinan ölçümlerin dinlenik duruma göre çeviklik, denge, CMJ ve SJ degerlerinde ve yine OYSE’den sonra alinan CMJ degerlerinde YYAE sonrasi degerlerine göre anlamli düzeyde farklilik bulunmustur. Sonuç olarak, aralikli ve sürekli egzersizle olusturulan yorgunlugun fiziksel performansi dogrudan etkiledigi görülmektedir. OYSE’den sonra periferik ve merkezi yorgunlugu artmasi ile birlikte degerlendirilen fiziksel ve bilissel performansin olumsuz yönde etkilendigi düsünülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Futbol, hiz, çeviklik, denge, stroop

People have been adversely affected from the spread of the Corona virus and the unusual measures taken against it, and anxiety has started along with the stress. The purpose of this study is to research the benefits of online recreational activities on women and the effects on their stress and anxiety levels during the Covid-19 pandemic process. The research sample consisted of 35 women. As data collection tool, personal information form, recreation benefit scale developed by Ho (2008), the perceived stress scale developed by Cohen et al. (1983) and the trait anxiety inventory developed by Spielberger et al. (1970) were used. The data were analysed with the SPSS package program. F, %, and descriptive statistics were performed it. Cronbach Alpha coefficient was calculated for reliability. Independent Samples T-test was applied to normally distributed variables and Mann Whitney U test was applied to variables not conforming to normal distribution (p <0.05). In conclusion, it has been determined that recreational activities are more beneficial for women in the physical and social dimensions while the benefit in the psychological dimension has remained very low. It has also reduced the level of anxiety and had less effect on stress level.

The aim of this study is to investigate the purpose, necessity, application areas of Therapeutic Recreation in the context of Positive Psychology and their effects on the well-being of individuals. It is aimed to determine the applicability of an important concept (TR) that is effective on well-being, which has just started to be discussed in the literature. Literature scanning method was used in the research. As a result of the literature review, it has been determined that despite the difficulties and limitations, Therapeutic Recreation (TR) has an important positive role in supporting the meaning of life, increases the capacity of the participants to create positive emotions and actions, and encourages them about the opportunities and struggles in life. In general, it has been determined that it has many positive effects on the well-being of individuals - Bu çalismanin amaci Pozitif Psikoloji baglaminda ;Terapötik Rekreasyonun amaci, gerekliligi,uygulama alanlari ve bunlarin bireylerin iyi oluslari üzerine etkilerini arastirmaktir. Literatürde yeni tartisilmaya baslanan iyi olus üzerinde etkili olan önemli bir kavramin uygulanabilirliginin saptanmasi hedeflenmistir.Yöntem:Arastirmada literatür tarama yöntemi kullanilmistir. Bulgular : Yapilan literatür taramasi sonucunda;Terapötik Rekreasyonun, zorluklara ve sinirlamalara ragmen, bireylerin yasam anlamini desteklemede önemli pozitif role sahip oldugu, pozitif duygu ve hareketlerin olusturulmasi için katilimcilarin kapasitelerini yükselttigi, hayattaki firsatlar ve mücadeleler konusunda onlari cesaretlendirdigi,ve genel olarak bireylerin iyi oluslari üzerine bir çok olumlu etkiye sahip oldugu tespit edilmistir. Sonuç: Bu çalisma ;bir çok alanda uygulanabilirligi yüksek olan Terapötik Rekreasyon çalismalarinin Pozitif Psikoloji baglaminda bireylerin iyi oluslari üzerinde etkisine dikkat çekilmistir. Terapötik Rekreasyon kavraminin toplumun tüm bireylerinde,tüm konularda ve tüm kurumlarinda sinirlama olmaksizin uygulanamasina yönelik girisimlere olan ihtiyaci göstermektedir

The use of recreation areas varies according to general characteristics and demands of the users. In this respect, it is necessary to determine the demands of the users and the usage barriers both in the construction of new recreation areas and in the arrangement and renewal of existing areas. For this reason, the aim of this research is to reveal the participation barriers and preference factors related to the use of recreation area by the students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences. Screening model was used in the research. Appropriate sampling method was used in sample selection. The study group of the research consists of 617 volunteer students, 59,64% (n=368) male and 40,36% (n=249) female, studying at the Faculty of Sports Sciences in the 2021-2022 academic year. In the research, the "Recreation Area Participation Barriers Scale" (RAKE) and the "Recreation Area Preference Factors Scale" (RATE), which is a 5-point likert structure consisting of two parts, developed by Gümüs and Özgül (2017). The obtained data were analyzed using arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, t test and ANOVA test. According to the findings obtained by analyzing the data, a statistically significant difference was found in the scale mean scores of the participants according to the variables of gender, weekly regular sports and department. (p<0.05). As a result, the preferences of the students to participate in recreational activities are the factors caused by the sportive diversity, physical facilities and personnel, and the barriers to participation are; It has been determined that there are time constraints, security barriers and sports field barriers.