Authorization is an important document the transfer of knowledge. Showing that the student has a specific scientific competence, This document is historical certificate and evidence from knowledge of the teachers to the Prophet. In this article, we studied Seyhzade (dervish’s son) Ahmed Ziya Efendi’s diploma recieved from Muderris (proffesor) Hasan Kudsî Efendi that was Islamic jurist and lived in the last period of Ottoman State. This sertificate is an example part of the general sertificate for mental and transplants covered by all the sciences and given in detail for the scientific diploma. Firstly in this article we mentioned Ahmed Ziya Efendi’s and Hasan Kudsî Efendi’s short biographies. Secondly we presented information about authorization/icazet after that assessed this sertificate. Thirdly we translated this authorication to Turkish.

The majority of the life of the nation's independence struggle and the liberation of the motherland from enemy occupation, Mehmed Akif the concept of liberty is a vital part of its values. Can be said that the liberty of his values, among a few of the top of the list. Should be fought for the sake of liberty is a supreme value, an essential condition for living like a human being. Mehmet Akif's poems of great value in the home of one of the concepts. Dormitory-freedom (freedom) as a concept owned enthusiast-Mehmed Âkif'te degree of love. Country of freedom, such as the flag and honor for the sake of life consumed (cloth-i Hayat), and the enemy çignetilmeyecek ölünecek a great value.

In this study, the different dimensions of poverty and various problems related to poverty are addressed in the case of Turkey. Poverty comes about due to a number of macro and micro factors in today's world. Among the macro factors there are such facts as globalization, unemployment, global capital, economic crises and migration. The facts such as lack of education, lack of capacity, culture of poverty and individual characteristics are among the micro factors. Becoming a global problem today, poverty brings with it various social problems and also raises a number of negative results. Poverty generally leads to such problems as social exclusion, violence and crime, urbanization and ghettoization, marginalization, housing and gender discrimination. Poverty engenders also such problems as fragmentation of the family, divorce and depression. Although the problems caused by poverty are similar across the globe, it varies considerably from country to country in terms of its nature. Thus it is necessary to take into account the specific circumstances of the countries and variable profiles of the poor when doing poverty-related research and preparing of anti-poverty programs. In this study it has been followed such a way.

After Greece was founded with Edirne Treaty in 1829 and 1830 London Protocol the Roum started to disturb Roums especially in islands in Otoman Empire to found Great Greece and to expand their lands. It wasn’t different in Crete island. Revolts in Crete started with the revolts in Mora and other islands and continued with violence. In Crete, the Roums wanted to consolidate their position by obtaining a large number of property. However, never protected the rights of Muslims. The Otoman Empire failed to understand the seriousness of the problem and didn’t receive the necessary measure. Roums, affected by the European Countries, made Crete first Meditearian problem and then an international problem. According to the balance of interest has shaped the Crete policies of European States. Also European presss closely followed the events in Crete. Especially after Halepa Treaty in 1878 Roum increased the propaganda of being Greek and they torment Muslims and forced the Muslims to emigrate from the island and they increased the population of the Roum. Crete got otonomy with the help of European States in 1897 after it was left to Greece in 14th of December in 1913. By accepting the status of the Otoman Empire opened the way fort he dream of Great Greece.

In this research iti will be discussed that the religious arguments of the violence which is used agaianst people in general means in Jewish Culture and in societal means which is used againast to women. This research which makes refers to passages of the Old Tastement related with this subject and deals wtih the approaches which are relevant to Rabinic Culture and the New Tastement. It could be discussed in an anohter research that if these passages real or not. We hope will make some contribution the Sociology of Religion and the History of Religions by this research.

In this research iti will be discussed that the religious arguments of the violence which is used agaianst people in general means in Jewish Culture and in societal means which is used againast to women. This research which makes refers to passages of the Old Tastement related with this subject and deals wtih the approaches which are relevant to Rabinic Culture and the New Tastement. It could be discussed in an anohter research that if these passages real or not. We hope will make some contribution the Sociology of Religion and the History of Religions by this research.

No madhhabs during the period of Prophet Mohammed rose be it fiqh, be it theological. Because sahaba informed Prophet Mohammed about the problems that they faced; He found solutions for the matters that sahaba are on collision and hesitated. However some disputes which emerged after the passing of Prophet Mohammed resulted in some divisions among Muslims and this established ground to the rise of various madhhabs and divisions as theological. Besides consideration of people who grew up in different socio-cultural circumference played crucial role in occurence of controversies. In brief, our study aims to emphasize on the factors which caused differentation of insights in Islam.

The Cyprus island which is extremely important jeostrategically and jeopolitically has been an area where sovereignties have collided throughout the history. The interest of Turkey with the island has begun accompanied by the Otoman Empire conquest the island in 1571. The period which left behind is an agitating period. The Cyprus has been protecting its strategical importance for Turkey today, as well. Turkey, based on the Agreement which was signed in1960 among Greece, England and Turkey had to interfere to the island on 20th July, 1974. In this study, the reflections and comments of that interference day and the following days on foreign press, on the Canada newspaper named “The Globe and Mail”that has 164 years of past were taken in hand. In mentioned writings, it should be noted that there is no any technical criticism related to the military operation which was realized by the Turkish Military Powers. The most important inference which will be obtained from the reflected news and comments on The Globe and Mail newspaper is the emphasis of Turkey is an occupier and performed genocide in the island.

The concept of Noahide Laws is firstly mentioned in Rabbinic sources. But these sources contradict each other about the content of this concept. Moreover, there are some sources which are not in harmony in regard of their information. Therefore, there are various opinions about the origin of Noahide Laws. These opinions claim that the concept of Noahide Laws is not basic in Judaism and put forward later due to various causes and try describe these causes. This article tries to introduce these opinions and analysis their consistency.

The Qazvin city that was founded to against the attack of Daylam living in Tabaristan in the period of the Seljuks maintained its task after Islamic conquest. The Qazvin was threaten by the Daylam from the period of Caliph Omar to domination of Seljuk. As for the period of the Seljuk, Ismailies became potentially threat of city. Two cities also called as Musa and Mubarakiyah were founded nearby the Qazvin city in the period of the Abbasids. The city was governed firstly by Caliph Omar and then in turn by Umayyads, Abbasids, Tahirids, Zaidis, Sajids, Samanids, Ziyarids, Buwayhids, Ghaznavids and Seljuks in the period of Islam. Occasionally, fight of sultanete of Seljuks and of Sunni and Shiities took place in that city. That city was located in the slope of the mountains of Elbourz and it had many of jungle area and border of Daylam. Muslim geographers accept that city in the Jibal region and speak in praises of it.

The Sociological concept of division of labor has been discussed in various forms and perspectives. Especially, Durkheim is known as the one who most intensively a laborated this concept. On the other han, togather wiht durkheim, Marx and Weber also deeply analyzed the role of division of labor in social context. While Marx claims that the division of laber in its roots, leads to exploitation, Weber and Durkheim argue that it is an inevitable phenomenon emerginig in social formation. In this study we will firstly explain the meaning of division of labor in general and secondly its place in the total systematic of Marx Sociology

Bu yazi, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro hocasi Profesör Renato Jose de Oliveira’nin Egitim Felsefesi Ansiklopedisi’nde Encyclopaedia of Philosophy of Education, http://www.ffst.hr/ENCYCLOPAEDIA yer alan Plato and Philosophy Education baslikli yazisinin çevirisidir. Adi geçen ansiklopedi, M. Peters, P. Ghiraldelli, B. Zarnic, A. Gibbons, R. Heraud editörlügünde yayinlanmis online ulasilabilir bir ansiklopedidir. Çeviride yazarin kaynakçasi oldugu gibi verilmistir. Bize ait iki kisa açiklama, dipnotta verilerek (Çv.) notu düsülmüstür.

Yavuz Ercan, Baslangiçtan Günümüze Türkiye’de Azinlik Sorunu- Imparatorluk’tan Cumhuriyet’e Kalan Sorunlar, Turhan Kitabevi Yayinlari, Ankara 2011, XVI+656 s., ISBN 978-605-5592-42-1