Capital markets, where demand and supply for medium to long term finance meet, are more active and efficient in higher income countries. Capital markets are insufficiently developed in emerging countries such as Turkey that have the structural and institutional obstacles and lack of capital. The first market with securities was established in 19th century in the Ottoman Empire; the Turkish capital markets have gone through the reform programmes as a part of liberalization started in 1980; but the banking sector constitutes the biggest part of the financial sector. The paper presents the development of capital marketsin Turkey and analyzes the intermediary institutions by using the financial statements and ratios for the period December 2007-December 2011.

Privacy has not been researched or investigated from business process management perspective and the current literature has shown lack of a well-defined methodology for integrating privacy into business processes. This paper proposes an integrated privacy model. Such model is an integral part of the organization’s enterprise to ensure that personal data protection is impeded in the business processes of any system that is involved in collecting, disseminating, and accessing an individual’s data. Passing privacy laws is very essential and requires some cooperation and partnership between nations based on some privacy principles. The proposed framework is built on these principles and will help organizations to develop data protection in their business processes, assess the privacy issues in their organization, protect the interest of their clients, advance their value proposition, and make it easier to identify the impact of privacy on their business. The study follows the design science research process and the information systems design science research (ISDSR) methodologies by identifying relevant problems from the current literature, defining the objectives of the study, designing and developing the ABC-PDMS model, and evaluating the model.

Academicians’ collective memories soft information, such as research ideas, expertise, experiences, academic skills, know-what, know-how and know-why which inevitability it is considered should made accessible. The Higher Education Institution needs to identify, collect, classify, verbalize and diffuse the academicians’ soft information specifically research ideas present in the university for knowledge enrichment. This can be implemented by the academicians actively sharing their research ideas with others. Actively sharing research ideas by academicians will have great impact on the enrichment of their intellectual capability as most of the valuable knowledge resides in one’s brain. However, as there is no specific medium to bring their research ideas into the surface and be visible to others, the precious research ideas still remain in the academicians’ brains. Therefore, the objective of the study is to explore academicians’ behavior toward the development of a sharing research ideas web portal at private university colleges in Malaysia. This study used the qualitative method that is a multiple cases study. The study refers to four private university colleges in Malaysia. In-depth interview, focus group discussion and document analysis were formed the data collection for this study. The theory of Planned Behavior by Ajzen (1991) was used to determine academicians’ behavior. This study showed that the academicians’ attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control towards developing a web portal for sharing research ideas all affect their intention to share their research ideas with others.

This paper is designed to study strength and capability of nations to do business under a competitive system devised and monitored by the World Trade Organization. The main objective in this attempt is to review and evaluate the impact of WTO’s policies on the economic welfare of the developing countries and to see how far the producers on the one side and consumers on the other side have benefitted in general. The study while reviewing historical experiences of countries under laissez-faire policies, examined the effectiveness of the negotiations carried out by the WTO for enhancing international trade. The study found that under the infant industry argument, many of the WTO member countries are still protecting their businesses and violating the laid down principles of free trade. Since the WTO is to promote international trade and watch the interest of the producers, the consumers seem to have been left unattended. As a result of which the corporate sector continues to maintain its hold in protecting their monopolies in various forms. The study strongly recommends consumer protection rather than producer protection as the fundamental goal for the WTO to keep in view in its policy prescriptions.