In Byzantine Empire, the history of relations between church and state is founded on the effort which a central goverment try to control over the region and on the churc‟s struggle of protecting its independence. Therefore, the conflict between church and state in Byzantian is an area of survey which will teach us universally valuable lessons. The Byzantian avoid sharing its administrative authorities with the church and it marages to attach local patriarchs to Constantinople‟s Patriarch. Nevertheless, local patriarchs‟ desire of independence can be directly given an example of the conflect between central and centrifugal forces. These conflicts wich are mentioned in Byzantine Empire are developped from religious symbols. Even thoghh this conflict is fundamentally politic, it takes a theologic view. So, the examiation of these potic-religious conflicts which experienced in Byzantian is necessary for understanding some recent conflicts in the Middle East.

In this study, correlation between career management and motivation in addition to that the difference between sex and education level about career management perception were observed. First of all, literature review about career and motivation was done. The sample of this study compose of bank employees in Bandırma. Correlation, Independent samples t-test and One way ANOVA tests were used in SPSS 17.0 program. After analysis it was seen that there is no relation between career management and motivation.

Mobility of production factors requires the suitable stage for taking investments to countries with globalization. So production factors’ mobility and especiallay the capital factors’ entries to the countries need some taxational infrastructures. In this context tax reductions and tax cuts are as efficient as the other incentive practice and more easy than other determinants for investment policy. In this study which involves the effects of international tax competition on foreign direct investments and the evaluation in terms of Turkey, analysed the theoretical progress of the foreign direct investments with effects of international tax competition. In this context the effects of international tax competition on foreign direct investments are examined with sectoral and regional entries. Elements of risks researched with indicators of tax competition too. At last, corporate tax collections which depends on corporate tax cuts, share of the total tax revenues and number of foreign invested firms related with foreign direct investments (FDI) at 2000-2011 period with monthly datas. An opposite relationship with corporate tax cuts and FDI reached at the end.

Scattered and abundant mass communication channels and excessive advertising massages make it difficult to reach the right audience. It also cause the messages not to be recognized properly by the targeted customers. Therefore, besides the promotional efforts of traditional media channels are becoming questionable, the social media platforms have started to gain increasing importance in effective communication strategies in public relations, advertising etc. On the other hand, with online opportunities offered by the social media, individuals have become actors who affect interactive marketing processes. This situation changes the paradigms of vendor-buyer relations. Having realized this potential, network marketers became the front runners in applying social media channels to their business processes. According to sales-oriented network marketing system, raising the independent distributors’ job satisfaction level that affects the performance is important in terms of winning new customers and independent entrepreneurs. Besides classical approaches like job satisfaction, sales commission system, motivation training, holidays, product launches, social media is frequently used by customers and distributors within the same network due to its potential in providing instant interaction. It is deducted that instant interaction provided by social media generates positive impacts on independent distributors’ job satisfaction. In the part of survey, it has been emerged that independent distributors have believed in the importance of social media and social media has reinforced the impact of face to face communication. But they haven’t realized the effect and motivating role of social media in sale and gaining new members. This result has been supported by regression analysis that social media usage level has a weak effect in explaining job satisfaction. According to correlation analysis, there is a positive linear relationship among general job satisfaction, intrinsic job satisfaction and extrinsic job satisfaction with social media usage level.

Focusing on the German public perception of Turkey’s EU accession this study is prepared within the framework of negotiations on the Turkey’s EU accession made with writers, academics, authorities of political parties and various non governmental organizations which are effective on forming public opinion in Germany, an important State of EU. The study researches and evaluates the subjects such as meaning of Turkey for EU, approach of EU towards Turkish foreign policy, evaluations of Turkey’s EU membership, meaning of EU identity and affections of Turks living in Germany on Turkey’s EU accession.

The accounting courses are compulsory in many faculties of management. The Researches regarding the first course in accounting are oriented to determine the perception of students about it and the possible changes in their perceptions at the end of the term. In this sense, the aim of this study is to find out both the perceptions of the students in two different state universities whether these perceptions change or not at the end of the term when compared to the ones at the beginning. Within the context of this study, it has been interviewed with 532 students at Karadeniz Technical University and Recep Tayyip Erdogan University on the Fall 2011 academic calendar. In the evaluation of the results, SPSS 15.0 statistical program has been used and t-test has been benefited to show the perceptual differentiations of the students in the first course of accounting. As a result of the research, it has been determined that many parts of the students showed no interest in the first course in accounting before taking it. Besides data received shows a significant statistical difference in the perceptions between students who want career in accounting and who don’t. Furthermore, it has been observed that students’ perception changed positively after taking the first accounting course.