A 14-year-old girl was admitted with the complaints of intermittent painless macroscopic hematuria the ongoing for nearly two months and dysuria. Ten to 15 erythrocytes and plenty of urine leukocytes were found in the investigation. Ultrasonographic examination of the posterior wall of the bladder showed that a polypoid hypoechoic solid lesion 28 x 11 mm in size was protruding into the lumen. Cystoscopy showed a vegetating papillary tumor of 2x3 cm in size on the posterior wall of the bladder protruding into the lumen; this was then resected. Histopathological examination showed low-grade (G1) transitional cell carcinoma. In the light of this case, in children presenting with hematuria, the possibility of bladder tumors should be kept in mind; thus, retraction with the help of a cystoscope should be considered.

A 14-year-old girl was admitted with the complaints of intermittent painless macroscopic hematuria the ongoing for nearly two months and dysuria. Ten to 15 erythrocytes and plenty of urine leukocytes were found in the investigation. Ultrasonographic examination of the posterior wall of the bladder showed that a polypoid hypoechoic solid lesion 28 x 11 mm in size was protruding into the lumen. Cystoscopy showed a vegetating papillary tumor of 2x3 cm in size on the posterior wall of the bladder protruding into the lumen; this was then resected. Histopathological examination showed low-grade (G1) transitional cell carcinoma. In the light of this case, in children presenting with hematuria, the possibility of bladder tumors should be kept in mind; thus, retraction with the help of a cystoscope should be considered.

Isolated congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistiula (CAUF) is a rare anomaly. CAUF can be defined as a fistula of the penile urethra associated with a normal foreskin, in which urethral meatus and prepuce are intact. Additionally, it may be associated with other anomalies such as congenital hernias and anorectal malformations. Treatment of CAUF is individualized according to site of fistula, associated anomalies and condition of the distal urethra. We are reporting our experience of two cases that had abnormal openings on the ventral aspect of distal penis with normal foreskin without hypospadias and chordee.

Urothelial tumors in children are rare pathology. A 20-months-old male patient presented with upper ureteric papillary tumor in a setting of ureteroscopy after multiple procedures for cystine stones former. Biopsy revealed low-grade papillary carcinoma.

Horseshoe kidney is the most common congenital fusion anomaly. Ureters being stuck between the isthmus and the intestines cause urinary stasis and lead to more common development of urinary tract infection and urolithiasis compared to a normal kidney. If not treated, kidney function may be gradually lost. Although the condition is usually diagnosed with ultrasound screening, the diagnosis may be overlooked in patients with a non-functional kidney due to the lack of renal vascularization. We aim to present a 6 years old boy who have non-functioning kidney which is a part of undiagnosed horseshoe kidney. We emphasize that horseshoe kidney should be suspected when live renal parenchyma tissue passing the midline is observed during laparoscopic nephrectomy of a non-functional kidney that could not be preoperatively diagnosed as a horseshoe kidney in this presentation.

Congenital anterior urethral diverticula are rarely found in children. We present the case of a 1-year-old male child with a congenital anterior urethral diverticulum. This condition can lead to obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms and urosepsis. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of this rare condition are discussed in this report. The diagnosis was made using retrograde urethrography. Patient was treated with open diverticulectomy and urethroplasty.