A boy presented as a hypospadias cripple, with anatomy that included a very large diverticulum and little residual external penile skin. The degree of excess skin-like tissue of the diverticulum was sufficient to enable eversion of the longitudinally incised diverticulum and formation of a urethra from the diverticular tissue at a second operation with ultimately an excellent result.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare variant of chronic pyelonephritis. We report a case of a 7 year girl with fever and recurrent left flank pain with a nonfunctioning left kidney. Left psoas abscess was aspirated under ultrasound guidance and appropriate antibiotics were administered. Left nephrectomy was done for the nonfunctioning kidney. Histopathology was suggestive of XGP. The patient is asymptomatic on follow up.

Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence has been projected to grow by 40% in the next decade. This increasing prevalence has implications for the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and also for Chronic Kidney Disease. A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset Chronic Kidney Disease. In individuals affected by obesity, a compensatory hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight. The increase in intraglomerular pressure can damage the kidneys and raise the risk of developing Chronic Kidney Disease in the long-term. The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy has increased tenfold in recent years. Obesity has also been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis, and for a number of malignancies including kidney cancer. This year the World Kidney Day promotes education on the harmful consequences of obesity and its association with kidney disease, advocating healthy lifestyle and health policy measures that makes preventive behaviors an affordable option.

Prenatal diagnosis of an allantoic cyst with a patent urachus is rare. A urological etiology can sometimes be associated with it. We report 4 cases of allantoic cyst with a patent urachus and reviewed the literature to investigate for any etiology using the keywords “allantoic cyst” and “patent urachus”. Diagnosis of an allantoic cyst with a patent urachus was established during the first or second trimester of pregnancy. In two cases, rupture of prenatal cysts occurred and in one case, we described a prenatal vesicourethral abnormality. Surgery was performed with good results and no complications. A literature review collected 12 studies (15 fetuses) with a sex ratio of 3 boys/1 girl. The cysts ruptured in 2/3 of the cases, and in half of the cases, urinary abnormalities were found before birth (enlarged bladder, bladder prolapse). At birth, one boy had posterior urethral valve (PUV) and 4 boys had a bladder prolapse. The postoperative course was uneventful. We present our series with one case showing the etiology of a patent urachus during prenatal life. Cystoscopy seems to be valuable in the post-natal diagnosis. In the literature, we found one case of PUV. Surgery was performed with good results and no complications.

Primary renal teratomas are uncommon and preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Additional pathologies may be more difficult to diagnosis and may increase morbidity. We are reporting a case of large primary renal cystic teratoma which was presented with acute intestinal obstruction due to congenital band at ileum. Patient was successfully managed by dividing the congenital band and excision of teratoma in toto. Pathologic examination showed evidence for a primary renal mature teratoma. Serum alpha-fetoprotein is a reliable method of assessing recurrence.