The aim of this study was to determine the survival rate and growth performances of Hamdani and Hair goat kids raised under the rural conditions. 40 Hamdani and 32 Hair, a total of 72 goat kids were utilized in the study. The body weights of Hamdani and Hair goat kids at birth, weaning (120th days) and 180th days were 3.15 and 3.11 kg (P <0.05), 22.9 and 21.64 kg (P <0.01) and 31.54 and 29.63 kg (P <0.01), respectively. The average daily live weight gains of Hamdani and Hair goat kids from birth to 120th days and birth to 180th days of age were 162 and 151 g (P <0.05), 161 and 143 g (P <0.01), respectively. Single born kids were more advantageous to twin born kids in terms of birth weight but 60th days weight lower than twin born kids (P<0.01, P<0.05), while female kids were higher weight than male kids at birth, weaning and after periods (P <0.01, P <0.05 P <0.05 and P <0.01). The survival rates of Hamdani and Hair kids were 85.0% and 87.5% of the study (P<0.05). The results found in this study showed that growth performance of Hamdani kids higher than Hair kids during the 6 month growth period and genotype did not affect the survival rate.

Pregnancy triggers extensive alterations in the maternal vasculature to deliver a constant supply of blood to the growing fetus. Natriuretic peptides are hormones secreted by many organs. Preeclampsia is associated with increased maternal plasma natriuretic peptide levels, which are used as novel biochemical markers to predict the preeclampsia. Here, we aimed to determine the immunohistochemical distribution of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in normal and pre-eclamptic human placentas. Tissue samples from maternal and fetal parts of pre-eclamptic and healthy human placentas were subjected to routine tissue processing. Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunohistochemistry was applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded placenta sections collected onto poly-l-lysine slides to demonstrate ANP and CNP expression. Immunohistochemistry revealed immunoreactivity for ANP and CNP in fetal and maternal tissues. On the fetal side of the preeclampsia group, strong ANP and CNP immunoreactivity were detected in the amniotic epithelium, fetal vessels, villous syncytiotrophoblast plate, villous vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells than the healthy group. On the maternal side of the pre-eclampsia group, decidual cells exhibited lower ANP and CNP immunoreactivity than healthy group. These data indicate that increased ANP and CNP expression relating to preeclampsia might serve as a compensatory function to properly maintain uteroplacental perfusion and fetal development during pregnancy.

Pregnancy triggers extensive alterations in the maternal vasculature to deliver a constant supply of blood to the growing fetus. Natriuretic peptides are hormones secreted by many organs. Preeclampsia is associated with increased maternal plasma natriuretic peptide levels, which are used as novel biochemical markers to predict the preeclampsia. Here, we aimed to determine the immunohistochemical distribution of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in normal and pre-eclamptic human placentas. Tissue samples from maternal and fetal parts of pre-eclamptic and healthy human placentas were subjected to routine tissue processing. Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunohistochemistry was applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded placenta sections collected onto poly-l-lysine slides to demonstrate ANP and CNP expression. Immunohistochemistry revealed immunoreactivity for ANP and CNP in fetal and maternal tissues. On the fetal side of the preeclampsia group, strong ANP and CNP immunoreactivity were detected in the amniotic epithelium, fetal vessels, villous syncytiotrophoblast plate, villous vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells than the healthy group. On the maternal side of the pre-eclampsia group, decidual cells exhibited lower ANP and CNP immunoreactivity than healthy group. These data indicate that increased ANP and CNP expression relating to preeclampsia might serve as a compensatory function to properly maintain uteroplacental perfusion and fetal development during pregnancy.

In this study the effect of aglepristone in order to create abortion was investigated on some haematological and biochemical parameters on 22-30 days of pregnant cats. Twenty cats that their pregnancy is determined by ultrasonography were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (n:15) was formed by giving aglepristone at a dose of 15 mg/kg subcutaneously twice every 24 hours in the first group and the control group (n: 5) was formed by giving the same dose of 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) at the same time to the second group. All of the animals in both groups were examined as clinical every day. A complete blood count (CBC) on blood count device and biochemistry parameters Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, glucose on a Reflotron device were made every 2 days during 15 days. In our study it was observed that 14 of the 15 animals (94.4%) in the experimental group were aborted and 1 of them gave birth healthy at the end of the normal gestational period. In the biochemical analyzes although there were some statistical differences between the experimental and control groups it was observed that all values remained within the range of normal reference values. Consequently it was concluded that aglepristone can be used successfully for terminated of unwanted pregnancies on 22 - 30 days of pregnant cats and do not have negative effects on hematological and biochemical parameters.

In this study the calves with intestinal atresia like atresia ani, atresia ani & recti, atresia ani & rectovaginal fistula and atresia coli applied to Surgery Clinics of Veterinary Faculty of Cumhuriyet University between 2016-2018 was evaluated on the basis of diagnosis, treatment and results. The material of the study consisted of 19 (9.05%) intestinal atresia calves with different breed, age and gender from the 210 calves brought to the Surgery Clinic between 2016-2018. Various anomalies of intestinal atresia were detected in the calves including atresia ani (1 cases), atresia ani at recti (1 case), atresia ani at rectovaginal fistule (2 cases) and atresia coli (15 cases). In the study, 3 of 19 intestinal atresia cases died in the preoperative period and 2 cases were not allowed to be operated by the animal owner. A total of 5 cases could not be intervened. In the remaining 14 cases, 10 atresia coli, 1 atresia ani, 1 atresia ani et recti and 2 atresia ani et rectovaginal fistula were operated. In the postoperative period, 4 of 10 atresia coli cases survived and 6 cases died; All of the cases who had 1 atresia ani, 1 atresia ani & recti and 2 atresia & rectovaginal fistula were survived. As a result, the operative intervention in intestinal atresia is quite successful except atresia coli cases. However, it was concluded that early diagnosis of all intestinal atresia including atresia coli would increase the success of operative treatment.

We aimed to determine frequency of louse and flea infestations in cats and dogs in various gender and age in this study. A hundred and fifty dogs and 50 cats were evaluated according to flea and louse infestation in Hatay Metropolitan Municipality Unattended Animals Care and Rehabilitation Center between 01 June 2017 and 10 July 2017. Louse was detected in none of the animals. Flea infestation was detected in 78.7% of dogs and 68% of cats. Ctenocephalidescanis andCtenocephalidesfelis were the most common species in dogs and cats respectively. Eight hundred and three of 1180 fleas (74%) detected in dogs were C. canis and 377 of 1180 (26%)wereC. felis. In cats 217 of 340 fleas (64%) were C. felis and 123 of 340 (36%) were C. canis. There was no significant difference between infestation and age, race and sex in cats and dogs (P>0.05). Absence of louse and increased flea infestation in unowned cats and dogs may be related to the seasonal and geographic conditions.

In this study, 40 European hares (20 male and 20 female) that were obtained from the provinces of Elazig and Malatya in Turkey, were used. The samples were evaluated by placing 23 landmarks on the ventral of the maxilla. After the landmarks were placedonto the pictures, which were developed by means of Thin Plate Spline (TPS) program, the landmarks were standardized by using Morpheus program. Pairwise test, principle component analysis (PCA) andDiscriminant Function Analysis (DFA) were applied to the data. The result of the statistical analysis with geometric morphometric techniques showed no sexual dimorphism (SD)in Europanhares (Lepus europaeus).

The nutrient composition, in vitro DM (Dry matter), OM (Organic matter) digestion and ME (Metabolic energy) levels of seven different malt barley varieties were determined by this study. In the study, seven different malt barley varieties (Zeynelaga, Erciyes, Yildiz, Aydanhanim, Basgül, Efes-98, Durusu) were used. As a result of this study, all barley varieties can be used successfully in animal nutrition in terms of both nutrient composition and metabolic energy results by in vitro DM digestion (IVTDMD) and in vitro OM digestion (IVOMD). Durusu variety was better than other varieties in terms of in vitro digestion and ME values. Transfer to the field of these results of the barley which has an indispensable place in the animal feeding and malt industry is important.

Tomato pomace, a by-product of the processing of tomoto for paste, ketchup, juice, is made up of tomato skin, pulp and crushed seeds after the process. Evaluating of tomato pomace as an ingredient of a diet may occur a potential for ruminant nutrition. For this reason, the aim of this study was to determinein vitrotrue digestibility values of alfalfa hay and dried tomato pomace mixtures formed with different levels of them for ruminants. The mixtures were prepared as alfalfa hay (100%), dried tomato pomace (100%), alfalfa hay (25%)+dried tomato pomace (75%), alfalfa hay (50%)+dried tomato pomace (50%), alfalfa hay (75%)+dried tomato pomace (25%). The filter bags containing feed mixtures, buffer solutions and rumen fluid were prepared as described for Ankom DaisyIIin vitrofermentation system. After 48 h incubation, filter bags gently washed until they were completely clean. Thereafter, neutral detergent fiber procedure was performed. Whereasin vitrotrue organic matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities of alfalfa hay was the lowest, in vitrotrue organic matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities of dried tomato pomace was the highest in the study. There were increases in in vitrotrue organic matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility values of the mixtures with the increasing levels of dried tomato pomace (P<0.05). The higher digestibility values of the mixtures formed by alfalfa hay and dried tomato pomace may be due to a positive interaction between alfalfa hay and dried tomato pomace.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different levels of dry sugar beet pulp addition (DSBP) into fresh triticale harvested at milk stage on silage quality. At the first, the concentration of nutritional matters were determined in triticale harvested at milk and dough stage in the experiment. Then, DSBP was added to triticale harvested at milk stage at the levels of 0 (Control=C), 5% and 10% based on natural weight (W/W) and these silages were incubated about 3 months in plastic barrel (about 5 lt. in volume).Triticale harvested at dough stage (Without DSBP) was also ensiled and the silage quality was determined. Silage pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were determined as soon as silos opened, and the other nutritional matters analyzes were determined later on. CP content was determined on both wet and dry samples. Addition of DSBP into silage linearly increased DM content of silage (P<0.01) and the highest DM content was observed in triticale harvested at dough stage. It was observed that ash content of triticale harvested at dough stage had significantly lower compared with other silages (P<0.01). The content of CP, EE and NDF were numerically different, but it was observed statistically non-significant. Triticale harvested at dough stage had significantly lower ADF concentration compared with other groups (P<0.01). While the lowest pH (4.62) and the highest lactic acid concentration (131.73 g/kgDM) were observed in C+5%DSBP, the highest pH (5.59) and the lowest lactic acid concentration (29.51 g/kg DM) were determined in the triticale harvested at dough stage(P<0.01). Butyric acid concentration was the highest (9.99 g/kg DM) in control group, and the lowest in the dough stage group (1.82g/kg DM) and the difference of the groups was determined significant (P<0.01). In the study, the highest acetic acid value was15.53 g/kg DM in control, while the minimum value was in 6.59 g/kg DM in dough stage and the difference among the groups were significant (P<0.01). The highest propionic acid concentrations was3.02 g/kg DM) in dough stage, the minimum value was (1.18 g/kg DM) in C+10% DSBP and the differences among the groups were found to be significant at P<0.05 level. As a result, it was concluded that addition of 5% or 10% dry sugar beet pulp into triticale haven’t improved silage quality in this study. Therefore, it was concluded that appropriate studies should be carried out in order to solve the problem of compression especially in the construction of triticale silage by determining the appropriate harvesting period.

This case was 5 month of age, 1 kg in weight and a hybrid male cat. In radiographic examination, coxofemoral luxation and right Type-I Salter Harris femur fracture were diagnosed. It was performed by methods of Toggle pin in hip luxation and cross pin in Type-I Salter Harris femur fracture. Toggle pin was placed via acetabular tunnel and femoral tunnel. After caput femoris was placed in the acetabulum, the joint mobility was checked. In Type-I Salter Harris femur fracture, the cross-pinning after reduction was performed using 2-3.2 mm diameter pins. Any postoperative complication was not found until.

In this study, effects of kefir on the chemical (titratable acidity and pH), microbiological (Lactobacillusspp., Lactococcusspp. and yeast counts)and sensory properties of kefir that was prepared with fruits (strawberry, apricots, banana) (at a ratio of 20%) during the incubation (checked at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 hours)and storage (checked at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 14 days)periods were investigated. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found in the analysis of the characteristics of the different kinds of fruit kefir when compared with plain kefir. Differences were found both between the kinds of fruit and the time points at which the samples were analyzed. At the end of the incubation and storage periods, Lactobacillusspp. andLactococcusspp. counts were found to be higher in the fruit kefirs than in plain kefir. At the end of the incubation stage, apricot kefir had the highest acidity (0.73) and strawberry kefir and apricot kefir had the lowest pH (5.80). The yeast count was found to be the highest in apricot kefir (5.00 log10cfu/ml) and the lowest in banana kefir (4.00 log10cfu/ml). At the end of the storage period (at +4 °C), apricotskefir (0.70) had the highest acidity and the pH level was higher in all fruit kefirs when compared with plain kefir (5.20). Yeast counts were found to be the lowest in apricot kefir (3.04 log10cfu/ml). Comparison of fruit kefirs with sensory analysis failed to identify any statistically significant effect of the fruit on the sensory characteristics, but the best-liked types were banana and plain kefir. We proved that the added varieties of fruit affected the pH and acidity levels of the kefir and also influenced the development of microflora, so we concluded that this could consequently affect the product’s shelf life.