Alopecia, as primary skin lesion causes dermatocosmetical problems for animals and their owners. It should not be unwise to draw suggestion that newer molecular agents, probably phytotherapeutical compound should have helped treatment. In the present article the researchers identified case series of natural alopecia model in 3 cats and 3 dogs, to those of which gave satisfactory respond to topical Curcuma longa with Nigella sativa combination in 8 to 12 days, almost with complete hair regrowth

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder which causes seizures. Epilepsy treatment is conducted with administration of antiepileptic drugs. Acrylamide is a chemical substance which is used for manufacturing, drainage treatment, cosmetics and laboratory studies. They can also be found in potato chips or French fries, infant formulas, beer, biscuits and cookies due to heating of carbohydrates at certain degrees. This study was conducted to assess effect of acute acrylamide administration on epileptic seizures in mice. 42 female Swiss-albino mice were separated into 7 groups. Acrylamide was administered via i.p. route. Groups A5 and A10 were administered with only 5 and 10mg/kg acrylamide respectively. PA5 and PA10 groups received five days of both 5 and 10mg/kg acrylamide respectively and also administered 80mg/kg(i.p.) pentylenetetrazol(PTZ) at the end of the 5th day. Control group was administered with saline. PTZ group was administered solely with 80mg/kg(i.p.) PTZ. PHE(Phenytoin) group received 15mg/kg phenylephrine+80mg/kg PTZ. Results show no convulsions or any tremor due to lone acrylamide administration in myoclonic convulsions. Results reveal a significant reduction in time required for myoclonic convulsions in PA5(15.5s) and in PA10(15.7s) groups compared to PTZ(62.3s) and PHE(23.5s) groups. Time required for tonic-clonic convulsion period was also significantly lowered in PA5(19.3s) and PA10(21s) groups compared to PTZ(267s). Present study revealed a proconvulsive effect of acrylamide on PTZ induced convulsions. Studies concerning diets of epilepsy patients are required to evaluate its relevance in human subjects.

In this study, the availability of dryed sugar beet pulp with molases at different rates (5% and 10% wet material) for quality of alfalfa silage production (MDSBP, containing 2% molasses) was investigated. For this purpose, laboratory silos of alafalfa which harvested at the beginning of the flowering period were prepared by adding molasses dry sugar beet pulp at different levels (0, 5 and 10%) on the basis of weight. Glass jars were prepared in 5 replicates from each group and opened after 45 days. Physical and chemical analyzes were performed on silage samples. As a result of scoring in terms of smell, appearance and color, alfalfa silage (control) was rated as "medium quality" while alfalfa + 5%MDSBP and, alfalfa + 10%MDSBP silages were rated as "good quality". The dry matter of silage increased significantly (P<0.001) with the addition of the molasses dry sugar beet pulp. With increasing MDSBP level, crude protein, crude ash and acid detergent fiber amounts in silages decreased significantly (P<0.001), there was no significant change in the amount of neutral detergent fiber; while the amount of organic matter increased significantly (P<0.001). With the addition of MDSBP, the pH of alfalfa silages decreased significantly (P <0.001). The lactic acid amounts of the silages increased significantly with increasing MDSBP addition. The highest amounts of lactic acid were found in alfalfa + 10% MDSBP group (293.98 mg kg-1 in dry matter). The amount of acetic acid was significantly lower in the supplemented groups (especailly, %10 MDSBP) compared to the control group (P <0.05).It was determined that the MDSBP addition significantly reduced the levels of propionic acid and butyric acid. Also, the increased MDSBP level significantly reduced the ammonia-bound nitrogen levels of the silages compared to that of untreated alfalfa silage (24.80 mg kg -1 dry matter) (P<0.001). When the physical and chemical properties of alfalfa silage are considered, the addition of 10% MDSBP (2% molasses) to the alfalfa resulted in a higher silage quality of alfalfa silage.

In this study, the availability of dryed sugar beet pulp with molases at different rates (5% and 10% wet material) for quality of alfalfa silage production (MDSBP, containing 2% molasses) was investigated. For this purpose, laboratory silos of alafalfa which harvested at the beginning of the flowering period were prepared by adding molasses dry sugar beet pulp at different levels (0, 5 and 10%) on the basis of weight. Glass jars were prepared in 5 replicates from each group and opened after 45 days. Physical and chemical analyzes were performed on silage samples. As a result of scoring in terms of smell, appearance and color, alfalfa silage (control) was rated as "medium quality" while alfalfa + 5%MDSBP and, alfalfa + 10%MDSBP silages were rated as "good quality". The dry matter of silage increased significantly (P<0.001) with the addition of the molasses dry sugar beet pulp. With increasing MDSBP level, crude protein, crude ash and acid detergent fiber amounts in silages decreased significantly (P<0.001), there was no significant change in the amount of neutral detergent fiber; while the amount of organic matter increased significantly (P<0.001). With the addition of MDSBP, the pH of alfalfa silages decreased significantly (P <0.001). The lactic acid amounts of the silages increased significantly with increasing MDSBP addition. The highest amounts of lactic acid were found in alfalfa + 10% MDSBP group (293.98 mg kg-1 in dry matter). The amount of acetic acid was significantly lower in the supplemented groups (especailly, %10 MDSBP) compared to the control group (P <0.05).It was determined that the MDSBP addition significantly reduced the levels of propionic acid and butyric acid. Also, the increased MDSBP level significantly reduced the ammonia-bound nitrogen levels of the silages compared to that of untreated alfalfa silage (24.80 mg kg -1 dry matter) (P<0.001). When the physical and chemical properties of alfalfa silage are considered, the addition of 10% MDSBP (2% molasses) to the alfalfa resulted in a higher silage quality of alfalfa silage.

Maggot therapy is a method based on the use of myiasisfly larvae also called maggot which affinity necrotic tissue in wound treatment. In this study, it was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity some muscid and myiasis flies larvae secretions in vitro. Investigation of the effects of antibacterial compounds produced by the fly larvae secretions have become important with the increasing of antibacterial-resistant bacteria strains. In this study, Lucilia sericata, Chrysomya albiceps, Calliphora vicinaand Musca domesticaflies catched and placed in the cage to provide feeding and laying. After disinfected the eggs was transferred to sterile medium including sheep blood agar (5 %) and incubated overnight at 25 °C. After hatched, larvae were kept in the medium for 2-3 days and disinfected, incubated overnight at 25 °C in steril bi-distilled water (ddH2O). After incubation, the liquid which containing larval secretions, centrifuged and sterilized by filtration (0.2 µm) that bacteria could not pass through. Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA ATCC 43300, E. coliand P. aeruginosathe suspension of bacteria spreaded petri dishes including MHA sterile-medium. Secretions amount of 30 µl obtained from larvae was impregnated blank antibiotic discs and were placed in the MHA medium and then incubated overnight at 35 °C.When the results were examined, antibacterial activitywere not detected againstGram-negative E. coliand P. aeruginosabacterial strainsat thelarval secretions of muscid and myiasis flies, antibacterial activitywas detected against Gram-positive S. aureusbacterial strain. While antibacterial activity was not detected against Gram-positive MRSA ATCC 43300 bacterial strain the larval secretion of muscidfly,antibacterial activity were detected the larval secretions of myiasis flies.In conclusion, the antibacterial activities of muscid and myiasis fly larval secretionswere showed and it is suggested that studies regarding this field can be investigated by using different method and medium.?

In this study, it was aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Gram negative bacteria isolated from milk samples of cows with mastitis that were brought to Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Microbiology Laboratory between 2013 and 2018. A total of 1687 milk samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar. While 1708 microorganisms were isolated from 1352 milk samples, no any microorganisms were isolated from 335 samples. Isolation and identification of bacteria was made by conventional bacteriological methods and 151 (8.84%) of these bacteria were detected to be Gram negative. Escherichia coli, which constitutes 54.30% (82/151) of the Gram negative isolates, was the most isolated bacterium. Other Gram negatives were identified to be 17.88% Klebsiella pneumoniae, 7.95% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 7.95% Citrobacter sp., 5.30% Pasteurella sp., 2.64% Enterobacter sp., 1.99% Proteus sp., 0.66% Flavobacter sp., 0.66% Alcaligenes faecalis and 0.66% Actinobacillus sp. In vitro resistance of these bacteria against to 9 antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion test. Over all 96.69% of the Gram negatives were found resistant to cloxacillin, 96.03% to erythromycin, 76.16% to oxytetracycline, 70.86% to amoxicillin, 54.97% to trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole, 54.30% to gentamicin, 47.68 % to cefoperazone, 45.03% to amoxicillin+clavulanic acid and 29.80%, to enrofloxacin. All Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to at least two antibiotics, except for E. coli and Pasteurella sp. isolates. As a result, it was determined that E. coli was the most isolated Gram negative bacterium from bovine mastitis cases in Burdur province, followed by Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Citrobacter sp., due to the differences in antibiotic resistance profiles of Gram-negative bacteria, the treatment should be done according to antibiotic susceptibility test results.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dehydration on galanin and vasotocin colocalization and galanin expression in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. Adult (age: 22 to 35 weeks) roosters were used and deprived of drinking water for 48 hours in this study. The effects of dehydration were examined by measuring plasma osmolality, plasma levels of potassium, sodium and plasma vasotocin concentration. Double staining immunohistochemistry combined with confocal laser microscopy was utilized to determine the effects of dehydration on hypothalamic magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus and to verify the extend of colocalization. The results indicate that 48 hours water deprivation caused a moderate dehydration and significantly elevation of plasma osmolality, plasma sodium and vasotocin concentration. Furthermore, the colocalization of galanin and vasotocin was imaged in response to water deprivation only in supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus. In this study, a close functional link between galanin and vasotocin neurons was found in all dehydrated animals. The simultaneous upregulation and the colocalization of these peptides in response to water deprivation may indicate a site specific control of vasotocin by galanin.

In this work, bacterial agents and anitibotic susceptibility patterns isolated from samples belonging to cattle, sheep, goats, avian species, fish, cat, dog and alternative species (deer, ibex etc. ) sent to the laboratory from different provinces of Aegean region for diagnostic purposes between 2013 and 2014 are reported. Various Gram positive and negative bacteria were isolated and florfenicol was determined to be the most effective antibiotic for bacterial infections in many animal species. Bacterial isolates were found to be least susceptible to oxytetracycline and sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim.

Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases transmitted to humans from animals or animal products. Brucella melitensis is the most pathogenic species in the genus brucella. The outer membrane protein 31 (Omp31) of B. melitensis is considered to be a protective immunogen and an important candidate vaccine. In this study, cloning from B. melitensis Rev 1 strain of Omp31 coding gene (omp31) was aimed. Brucella melitensis REV-1 live vaccine strain was used in the study. After reactivation of strain, DNA was extracted from bacterial culture. Gene sequence which encodes outer membrane protein was obtained from Gene Bank. Primers were designed to clone this region. After primer design, the gene region amplified by the polymerase chain reaction was cloned into the pET28a expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 bacteria. Plasmid extraction was performed from E. coli BL21. The insert and plasmid were separately observed as a result of cutting with the restriction enzyme used for cloning. Expected size (790 bp) insert amplified with cloning primers again and amplicon was sequenced. The sequence obtained after sequencing analysis was compared to the gene bank and confirmed to be the outer membrane protein of B. melitensis. Further studies are required to investigate the antigenic properties of the cloned recombinant outer membrane protein Omp31 (rOmp31) and determine the potential to be a candidate for vaccination.

Predatory avians are indispensable and important elements in the continuity of natural balance. The richness of Turkey in various natural resources, its geographical location, its location on the migration route, the abundance of water and habitat and the favourable climatic conditions facilitate the life of these animals. Fractures are an important problem in wild avians as well as in pets. Wing and extremity fractures are the most common problems observed in avians. The study material is the fractured extremity cases of 75 predatory wild avians. All 75 cases included in the study were selected from closed extremity fractures. Our treatment protocol involved cage rest, external coaptation and internal fixation. It has been considered that emergency intervention, external coaptation, an adequate time of hospitalization increase the success rate of operative intervention.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies distinguished by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Extracts of the V. album leaves was reported to exert a beneficial effect to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes in local medicines. The aim of present investigation is to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of V. album extracts on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Thirty two female Wistar albino rats, aging 6-7 weeks, were included in the present study. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group I (Control), Group II (V. album), Group III (Diabeteic), Group IV (Diabetic + V. album). After experimental period, all animals were decapitated, blood was collected and sera were separated. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, cholesterol, triglyceride, folic acid, vitamin D, vitamin B12 and glucose were determined by using automatic analyzer. Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and Total Oxidative Status (TOS) analyses were measured ELISA. The levels of glucose (p=0.05), vitamin B12 (p=0.05), TOS (p=0.05) were significantly decreased and TAC (p=0.05) increased in diabetic+V. album group compared to diabetic group. In conclusion extracts of V. album have antidiabetic effects that significantly decreased glucose level when treated with V. album only 20 days of experiment. Viscum album had a stronge antioxidant activity that can help to prevent the formation of diabetic complications

Gastric cancer, one of the most important diseases threatening human life, has a different etiology and affects the antioxidant system, mineral and vitamin levels. For this purpose, the study was performed in people who were diagnosed with gastric cancer and came to the Oncology Clinic of the Medical Faculty Research Hospital. A total of 77 subjects were selected as study materials, 30 of whom were healthy, 32 male and 47 female with adenocarcinoma. Prior to the treatment of cancer patients, detailed biochemical analyzes were performed on blood samples taken after chemotherapy. According to the elemental analysis technique the levels of ceruloplasmin, GSH-Px, SOD, retinol acetate and a-tocopherol by Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ca and Co of serum and whole blood were measured. GSH-Px, SOD, retinol acetate, a-tocopherol levels were measured for each individual. Mg (p=0.001), Fe (p=0.05), Ca (p=0.01) were significantly different, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Although there were differences between the groups in the other parameters examined, no statistical significance was found. Ceruloplasmin, GSH-Px levels were significantly reduced in cancer patients before treatment compared to controls (p=0,0001), whereas levels of SOD, retinol acetate (p=0.07) and a-tocopherol (p=0.05) were increased before treatment of cancer patients. As a result, changes in the levels of elements, enzymes, vitamins and antioxidants have been observed in gastric cancer, especially after administration of Cisplatin, decrease in serum Mg and ceruloplasmin and increase in SOD activity is remarkable.

An 11 days old female calf constitutes the material of this case report. In patient’s history, some information was obtained that calf was artificial insemination offspring, had normal birth and 3. calf of its mother. After clinical and radiographic evaluation, it diagnosed as peromelia in right extremite, and meromelia and adactyly in left extremite, and hiperflexion in both elbow joint. Decubitus wound due to the hiperflexion was cleaned and wet dressing with antibacterial agent was applied. Antibiotic was applied for possible seconder infections caused by wound. It has been suggested that dressings should be regularly refurbished, that the conditions of care be improved and that attention to feeding.

In this study, the effects of clove added in different concentrations to the probiotic yogurts on some microbiological, chemical and sensory properties of yogurts were investigated. Probiotic yogurts were produced using yogurt and probiotic cultures. Four groups were established, including a control group and groups clove 1, clove 2 and clove 3, and 0%, 0.1%, 0.3% and 1% powdered clove were added to the groups, respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis of the clove used in the study was performed. The addition of clove to probiotic yogurt showed antibacterial activity on Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus acidophilus while clove depending on its concentration was found to support bacterial growth of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis (P <0.05). In addition, pH, fat-free dry matter and fat content of yogurts were affected depending on the clove concentrations. When the sensory qualities were scored such as appearance, consistency, smell and taste of yogurts, the scores of cloves-added (0.1% and 0.3%) probiotic yogurts were closer to the control group. These results have shown that the clove added probiotic yogurt increases the microbial and chemical quality of the product, and but it had a limited positive effect on its sensory properties.