There’re many kinds of extremely halophilic archaea living in salt lakes all over the world and the ecological environment of lakes can affect their archaeal species. To illustrate the relationships between archaeal species and salt lake environment, we isolated and cultured 25 extremely halophilic archaeal strains from three salt lakes in China (Gou Salt Lake, Huama Salt Lake and Yuncheng Salt Lake). According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the construction of Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic trees, the isolates were closely related to each other. The most dominant archaea was genus halorubrum (88.0%), followed by genus haloarcula (8.0%) and a small amount of genus halovivax (4.0%). Yuncheng salt lake (YC) had the most abundant number of species. Through the study of the basic information of the three sampling sites, we considered the species of extremely halophilic archaea were related to their living natural conditions of brine. Warm weather and high mineralization degree are likely to be functional components to enrich the species diversity.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease assuming hyperglycemia as its main symptom, and the number of patients has continued increasing all over the world. Its major complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy by microangiopathy and cerebral vascular disease and heart disease by macroangiopathy, are well known. Recently it has been recognized that hip fracture risk is increased in diabetics as compared with nondiabetics. Although increasing risk of falls due to neuropathy, deterioration of muscle strength and retinopathy seems to be associated with fracture risk, it has been shown that deterioration of bone per se decreases bone strength and causes fractures in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis had previously been considered as quite different diseases in pathogenesis or pathology, but it has been clarified that these two diseases have some common factors such as insulin, oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products. So recently the relationship between diabetes mellitus and hip fracture has attracted attention, and it has been suggested that various factors related to diabetes such as glycemic control, insulin sensitivity and so on are associated with bone fragility. It has been shown that bone strength is determined by bone mineral density and bone quality, and it has been suggested in particular that deterioration of bone quality is related to increased fracture risk in diabetics. Exercise therapy is well known as one of the basic treatments for glycemic control as well as diet therapy or pharmacotherapy, and many studies about its effects have been published. However, few studies concerning the effects of exercise therapy in preventing bone deterioration have been conducted. In this review, we describe bone deterioration and its mechanism in diabetes mellitus and the effects of exercise therapy on bone properties, including our own findings.

Cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 convert polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to carcinogenic compounds in extrahepatic tissues. In 1997, resveratrol, a naturally occurring stilbene found in grapes and red wine, was found to inhibit the growth of tumors and that one potential mechanism was by inhibiting cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1. This prompted further research on various stilbene derivatives as chemopreventive agents. It has recently been discovered that aryl morpholino triazenes represent a new class of cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 inhibitors opening up the field to explore another type of potential chemopreventive agent.