The history of Afghan literature dates back to ancient times. As a multilingual country, there are scholars who speak and write in all languages in oral and written literature. In the 20th century, Kabul, the country’s capital, became the center of literary circles and publications. Modern Afghan literature refers to the literature created by Afghan writers and poets who were born in Afghanistan, are curently living there or are in exile. Among them ther are world-famous masters of words. In this article, we tried to take a brief look at their creativity

Islam in the culture of the Chechens is the most important factor in their spiritual development, forming a holistic vision of the world, orienting them towards national unity and patriotic values. The article reflects on the place and role of Islam in the sociocultural, spiritual development of the Chechens and the transformation of the attitude of the authorities towards it. Today, its role has increased significantly, orienting believers to the fight against extremism and to the spiritual perfection of the believer

On the basis of numerous scientific works, written sources, archaeological and ethnographic material evidence, the reasons for the displacement of Ganja city, which has a very ancient and honorable historical past, at different times, the conditions that made possible the historical and geographical change of the area, are studied. Based on various local and international archaeological and ethnographic expeditions and excavations conducted by local and foreign researchers and archaeologists in the territory of city over the past two centuries, the historical and chronological age of Ganja as an urban cultural center and indicators of its relocation at different stages were studied with reference to scientific data. In the scientific work, a sequence of the historical relocations of the city of Ganja was compiled on the basis of relevant scientific sources, irrefutable documents and manuscripts in accordance with chronological periodization.

The article covers the enforcement of freedom of conscience and religion, the creation of an environment of mutual respect between the secular and religious systems, the implementation of constitutional norms concerning religious institutions, the separation of religion from state, and the prevention of interference of the religious institutions and figures with the activity o government within the concept of relations between state and religion, the basis of which was laid by Heydar Aliyev. As in many other areas, serious issues became obvious in the sphere of religious activity after Azerbaijan regained its independence. Along with traditional religious beliefs, nontraditional religious sects started to spread in our country, taking full advantage of the conditions created for the freedom of religion. It was apparent in most regions of the republic. If not for the crucial steps taken against the extreme non-traditional religious cults and movements, the religious picture would be completely different in Azerbaijan these days. Major changes and instability have been observed in the religious community of Azerbaijan. However, due to 10Az?rbaycan Respublikasi Dini Qurumlarla Is üzr? Dövl?t Komit?sinin Jurnali Dövl?t v? Din - ? 03 (74) 2022 TARIX? P?NC?R? the correct and successful policy, we were able to avoid them. Though not without difficulty, Azerbaijan managed to protect its religious traditions from the outside influence. After National Leader Heydar Aliyev came to power, the implementation of solid steps to eliminate the prevailing problems also began with respect to religious activity. In a short time the fight against all non-traditional radical cults started. Thus a new stage of relations between state and religion started. It is due to this policy that Azerbaijan is now one of the world centers of tolerance and multiculturalism.

The article deals with the struggle of the Karabakh Albanian Catholicos against the Gregorianization of the Albanian Church. The Gregorianization of the Albanian Church by the Armenian Church begins after the events of 705. The Albanian church, which managed to maintain its independence for centuries, was able to contain the incessant attacks of the Armenian church. However, at the beginning of the 19th century, Russia’s invasion of the South Caucasus, the growing appetites of Russia in the eastern direction, led to the concessions of the Albanian Church to Etchmiadzin. The property and historical heritage of the Albanian Church was transferred to the disposal of the Etchmiadzin Church. The Albanian church was abolished not by Muslim rulers who attacked the South Caucasus, but by a Christian state at the beginning of the 19th century.

The article discusses terrorist organizations, their terrorist actions, particularly the ISIS terrorist organization. Essentially, we attempted to identify where the human resources for this terrorist organization come from. Along with these, we attempted to capture the process of militant identity formation by becoming more radicalized with people who joined the ISIS terrorist organization. The aforementioned processes demonstrate that a class of people with strong ties to the terrorist organization emerges, and these individuals, in turn, are intimately involved in future terrorist actions. This involvement extends to the point where an individual assumes the role of a fighter willing to die for the terrorist organization at any time. The processes that are taking place have both psychological and sociological components.

Issues of war and peace have always been among the pressing problems. A number of states use the religion factor in the conflict to secure their interests. Armenia also tried to connect the Karabakh conflict with the religious factor and tried to gather more partners in this regard. However, the recognition of Azerbaijan as a tolerant state and the peaceful coexistence of all nations in our country left no room for provocation of Armenians. However, Armenia is trying to discredit Azerbaijan in the eyes of the world community by using all kinds of disinformation. In the research work, the influence of the religious factor on the issues of war and peace is analyzed and evaluated on a historical and scientific basis.

The article provides information about the dictionary and terminological meaning of the words science and scientist, and also talks about the value of science and the advantages of a scientist in the Islamic religion. Attention is drawn to the ideas about the dignity of science in the Holy Quran, in the hadiths of the Prophet, in «Nahjul-Balagha» by Hazrat Ali. Here, Hazrat Ali (a.s.) draws attention to the fact that knowledge protects people, and property is protected by its owner, that knowledge increases by giving , and property decreases by giving, that knowledge always rules, and property is subject to judgment. At the same time, it emphasizes that property and owners of property will perish and disappear, and scientists who have true knowledge will exist until eternity.

The great philosophical system created by the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC), who had an encyclopedic mindset, has always been the focus of researchers. Aristotle, the last representative of classical Greek philosophy, the founder of the philosophical school of Peripateticism (the Greek school of Peripatetio), founded by Aristotle in 335 BC. , at the same time created an original philosophical teaching. Due to the richness and depth of his scientific and philosophical work, Aristotle’s philosophical heritage, which is called by researchers as a true encyclopedia of human knowledge, has always remained relevant. The great and irreplaceable philosophical legacy of Aristotle, the last great philosopher of Hellas, known as the “Master-Primus” (“Master Primus” - “First Teacher”), for many years gave a strong impetus to the creative activities of a number of brilliant geniuses. The study of the philosophical system of Aristotle, the encyclopedic genius, and the analysis of his ideas about the state and politics are important in terms of having a professional approach to the concept of the state of antiquity. According to Aristotle, the task of political science is not only to study the most perfect regime, but also to study all regimes

The article reflects a theoretical view of the problem of peace and security in the post-conflict period. It was noted that peace and security, coexistence, tolerance, multiculturalism, dialogue culture formation, solidarity, etc. such problems are among the actual areas that need serious research in scientific-philosophical and political literature. It 1 ORCID: 0000–0003–2509–1159 84Az?rbaycan Respublikasi Dini Qurumlarla Is üzr? Dövl?t Komit?sinin Jurnali Dövl?t v? Din - ? 03 (74) 2022 ARASDIRMA is known from history that although there are specific features of the post-conflict period, the peculiarity of this process is that it is difficult to bring the defeated party to peace, and it is not an easy task to make changes in their outlook and ideology. In the article, the new realities brought to the region by the 44-day Patriotic War, the peace and humanitarian strategy implemented by Commander-in-Chief Ilham Aliyev, the interview given to the Spanish «EFE» information channel, which was involved in the research in the scientific-philosophical context, as well as the problem of appealing to the peace and dialogue culture of the defeated side in the post-conflict period was interpreted in a theoretical-practical sense. The scientific innovation of the article is that it shows the therapeutic importance of dialogue culture and communication in the context of peace and security, modern development and problems in the post-conflict period.

“Khamsa”, which is considered a rare pearl of our literature, is one of the richest word treasures of mankind, a product of the genius Nizami Ganjavi. The main points touched upon by the poet in the poems included in “Khamsa” have been extensively studied by literary critics, and obscure points have been clarified. The main purpose for writing the article is the archaeological analysis of “Khamsa” miniatures, the study of examples of art ceramics, glass and metal dishes. The scenes in the 95Az?rbaycan Respublikasi Dini Qurumlarla Is üzr? Dövl?t Komit?sinin Jurnali Dövl?t v? Din - ? 03 (74) 2022 ARASDIRMA miniatures are depicted realistically and figuratively. In these scenes, the most striking of the motifs are the examples of dishes. Household utensils are given with great artistic taste, with rich pattern motifs. Similar types of dishes of different contents and shapes, reflected in the miniatures, were found during archaeological excavations in most of the medieval monuments (mainly urban settlements). Examples of these dishes are also found in miniatures in the Near and Middle East. These samples of dishes, which are the products of medieval Azerbaijani art, pottery, glassmaking and metal working, are, of course, a reflection of the artistic taste and aesthetic thinking of the masters who made them. From this viewpoint, the role of examples of artistic pottery, metal working and glassmaking in the miniatures of “Khamsa” in the study of medieval material culture of Azerbaijan is undeniable

The Arabic language is very rich in terms of vocabulary. Most of the words included in its vocabulary are of the Arabic origin. At the same time, due to the development of industry, science, technology and culture, hundreds of words belonging to other languages entered into the Arabic language. Most of these words were formed according to the grammatical rules of the Arabic language and were called muarrab (Arabized) words. Thus, Arabized words are considered to be completely Arabic, adopted by the Arabs. These words were widely used by Arabs before Islam. The most important proof of this is that it is reflected in the verses of the Arab poets of the Jahiliyyah period. One of the evidence for the existence of non-Arabic words in the Arabic literary language is the stories of famous linguists. In order to determine the root and meaning of any loan word, linguists, whether local or foreign, Muslim or non-Muslim, received information about loanwords that they hesitated and considered correct their opinion