The article highlights the deep problems of ethnic and religious discord in relation to contemporary reality, a democratic society in the European and all Russian contexts. The crisis of the conception of multiculturalism in eurocentric version, which is confirmed by a wave of extreme manifestations and interethnic misunderstanding is analysed. It focuses on the educational and socio-cultural aspects of the formation of tolerance and trust of ethnic groups.

The article deals with the diplomatic activities of the world-famous Azerbaijani commander, statesman Nadir Shah Afshar (1736-1747) after his military campaign in India, his policy of rapprochement with the Russian Empire, the consequences of the activities of the Afshar embassy delegation sent to Russia, and personal ambitions of Nadir Shah Afshar and the Empress of Russia, provocative acts of other states.

Science has the power to visualize the surrounding reality in the form of scientific ideas, concepts, and theoretical systems. The development of natural sciences plays a decisive role in creating the scientific landscape of the world. In the system of knowledge, physics plays a major role in the creation of the scientific picture of the world. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, with the emergence of scientific discoveries in natural science, more fundamental issues about the world appeared. These new systems include quantum mechanics, virtual particles, virtual processes, quarks, nanotechnology, and synergetics.

The subject of this study is to investigate the effects of religion or religious thought on human spirituality and mental health. In this context, contributions of religious thoughts to spirituality and mental health of human beings who undergo positive and negative changes throughout their lives and who are born with peculiarity of believing are examined. In the study, by using the method of literature research and addressing academic studies related to religion, spirituality and spirit, an answer to the research question was tried to be found. As a result of research, it has been concluded that religion or religious thought has important role in the formation of personality, growth of spiritual and mental health, and meaning of life. In this regard, religion is a guide that helps individuals gain a healthy attitude by guiding the teaching of moral value.

The article reveals the relationship between the concepts of “ethnic culture” and “religion”, establishing both general and special aspects. Ethnic culture is defined as the result of the activities of representatives of an ethnic group, allowing them to communicate, consolidate, focusing on new forms of sociocultural development. Traditional culture and national culture are associated with ethnic culture; it is also influenced by mass culture. The thesis substantiates that religion is an integral part of ethnic culture, forming a fantastic worldview in the ethnos, while increasing its spiritual level. Often outgrowing the volume of ethnic culture, religion spreads among different peoples, ceasing to be part of the culture of one particular ethnic group, but at the same time becoming a factor in uniting their cultural characteristics.

Based on numerous sources, written documents and archival sources, the scientific article explores the important place of the ancient city of Ganja in the history of national statehood in the first half of the last century. In the field of preserving the national ideology of Azerbaijan, the merits of historical figures of this ancient city, statesmen who defended our national statehood and created conditions for its development were studied on a scientific basis. In a scientific article, the question of the importance of the city of Ganja in strengthening our historical and national-cultural ties that existed between the fraternal Republic of Turkey and our state and which is immortalized today is studied.

In addition to works of various contents, rare copies of the holy book of our religion are kept in separate copies in the rich manuscript treasury of the Institute of Manuscripts named after Fuzuli of ANAS. These manuscripts were rewritten by order of well-known historical figures of Azerbaijan to be passed on to their descendants. The copies contain waqf records about this. In the article, we also provide for the first time complete and comprehensive information about these objects, as well as their scientific and paleographic description.

Among the forms of scientific understanding, the systematic method has a unique role. In general, the parts that contain separate elements of nature, society and thinking and form a whole are united under the name of system. Intervening in any problem from the point of view of systemicity is conditioned by the process of mutual coordination of functions and methods of that problem. It is also possible to study the separate characteristics of the objects studied in the systematic method in a specialized form. Because the system is a set of elements that have the same system structure. There is no doubt that each of these elements, which have the same structure, also has a certain internal part. These elements are embedded in a compound complex within the system. The concept of an element, which is essentially relative in nature, can also be transformed into a system during other relations. Or, on the contrary, any system acts as an element in any relationship at the same time.

The article deals with the integration of styles in the Azerbaijani literary language, the religious style as one of the integrative styles that emerged as a result of integration. It is emphasized that styles are a way of using language means by the speaker and writer, depending on their purpose and situation. The article shows that people use speech to express their thoughts in various spheres of life and activity (education, science, production, socio-political, economic, social, etc.), by choosing and use of certain language means, and that this process causes emergence of various styles.Then, the article provides brief information about the styles used in the literary language of Azerbaijan, the specific aspects of each are briefly and concretely listed. The article also discusses the issue of style integration in the literary Azerbaijani language, as a result of this process, the emergence of several sub-styles is noted. The question of the religious style is analyzed, which is one of the integrative styles, includes the features of several styles - artistic, scientific, literary and colloquial styles. It is emphasized that the religious style consists of an exhortation-sermon style, which is widely used in edifying ideas.

The article is devoted to the archaeological excavations carried out at the medieval monument of Kerpijlitepe. The article describes extensively and in detail the glass products, of various shapes and purposes, discovered during excavations. These findings consisted of fragments of glass vessels, bottles, glasses, etc. There were also glass beads and rings. The article separately examines numerous glass bracelets found in fragmentary, and sometimes in a whole form. Glass products from the Kerpijlite monument were used in everyday life. Perfume and medicinal liquids were also stored in them. In the Middle Ages, glass bracelets, round, oval or triangular in cross-section, with a smooth or twisted surface, became widespread. The article mentions analogues of these products found on earlier and synchronous medieval monuments of Azerbaijan. Based on the conducted research and analysis of the obtained archaeological materials, it was determined that the glass products found on the Kerpijlitepe monument were used throughout the existence of this monument (XI-XIII centuries) and were an integral part of the everyday culture of the Azerbaijani population in the developed Middle Ages

In the article, based on examples from the works of ancient authors and historical facts, it is noted that Armenians have no relation to the churches in the territory of Caucasian Albania. The history of the Albanian churches and the foundations of faith are also discussed. In these areas there are not only monuments, but also grave monuments that reflect their spiritual world. After the adoption of Christianity at the state level, monuments of religious purpose related to Christianity began to be built. Despite the external and internal pressures in different eras of history, the Albanian Christian Church has managed to protect its language, religion, culture, and most importantly Albanian origin. Ancient authors and sources mention that the Albanian church is an ancient church of apostolic origin not only in the Caucasus, but also in the entire Christian world. After the dissolution of the Albanian Church in 1836 during Tsarist Russia, the historical religious monuments belonging to it were Armenianized. The Albanian temples in Upper Karabakh and the surrounding regions suffered the most damage from the process of Gregorianization, which was carried out for nearly 200 years. One of the most important issues at present is the preservation and restoration of temples in the lands liberated from occupation and in other areas, while preserving their antiquity. Also, one should not overlook the issue of bringing to the attention of the public and the relevant authorities crimes committed by Armenians against our monuments during the occupation.

The article shows that even Sheikhulislam, Akhund, Molla Muhammad Pishnamazzade was a cleric, he also paid special attention to secular sciences and rendered great services in the field of new method education and enlightenment. In the early days, we see Pishnamazzadeh as a supporter of innovation related to Islam. His approach to the Islamic religion was based on the conditions of the time and rooted in the awakening of all Muslims. However, over time, Pishnamazzade, who paid attention to the education of the Muslims of Tsarist Russia, including the Turkish Muslim population, also attracted the attention of the Tsarist gendarmerie. From this point of view, there is no doubt that in addition to Islam, Turkish tendencies are strong in his activities. In any case, it was no coincidence that he was one of the well-known members of the Azerbaijani Turkish organization Difai.

The foundation of world science of translation was laid in the 16th century. The first work in this field was by Martin Luther, a theologian and politician who translated the Bible into German. In the Middle Ages, the 16th century is considered to be the most widespread period of the art of translation in Azerbaijan. During this period, the art of translation emerged as a necessity throughout the Muslim East, including Azerbaijan. The foundation of the translation school in the modern sense in Azerbaijan was laid in the 30s of the 19th century, and the art of translation reached its peak in the 60s-70s of the last century in the field of Russian and European languages, as well as oriental languages, including Arabic and Persian. Various types of translations have appeared. One of them is the sacral translation of various stylistic areas of the Arabic literary language. When studying the sacral field, it becomes clear that this language is classical Arabic. The use of the Arabic regional dialect by the clergy in this area is considered unacceptable. Classical Arabic literary language is used as a more archaic form of Arabic for the literary recitation of classical poetry, in addition to oaths and prayers.