The problem of value is the subject of research in philosophy, sociology and psychology. The issue of value is of particular relevance in social science debates. Despite the debate, there is still no concrete explanation for the concept of value. At the same time, the definition and source of values, whether relative or constant, classified by their importance, role, education and methods played at the individual and social levels - all these issues act as a driving force in scientific and academic debates around the problem of value.

The article considers religion as one of the main sources of morality. The interaction of religion, morality and ethics is analyzed. The socio-cultural foundations that determine the specifics of this interaction are revealed. The research examines the great value given to Islam by the National leader Heydar Aliyev during the leadership of Soviet Azerbaijan and the years of independence, and the role of tolerance in the policy of multiculturalism is analyzed.

This article covers the religions, as well as relations between State and religion that existed in Azerbaijan during the Early Middle Ages. It is noted that the establishment of Christianity as a state religion in Caucasian Albania is associated with its king Urnayr. The religious situation in Azerbaijan changed after the 8th century: Islam turned into the dominant religion, and Christianity became the oppositional one. Islam performed a legislative function by means of sharia. Mosques were used both to get religious education and to settle secular and judicial issues. The secular and religious functions of Islam were at one, as the religious leaders and secular authorities, the state and religion constituted a whole in the Muslim world.

The study of issues related to the spread of Islam in Azerbaijan and the formation of Islamic sciences under its influence has been of great importance in all historical periods, especially in the XX century. This topic was also investigated by the Azerbaijani scientist Zakir Mammadov (1936- 2003). Zakir Mammadov, fluent in Oriental languages, especially in Arabic, was the first Azerbaijani translator who worked in the construction of the Aswan Dam in Egypt in 1962-1963. After returning to his homeland, he began to study philosophy. History of religion, medieval Eastern philosophy, and history of Azerbaijani philosophy occupy an important place in his works. Zakir Mammadov studied the spread of Islam in Azerbaijan and its attitude to ancient beliefs. Along with Muslim law, orthodox Muslim scholasticism and theology also play an important role in the scholar’s research.

Prominent philosopher, encyclopedic scholar, “Second Teacher” (“al-Muallim as-sani”), Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Tarkhan ibn Uzlug ibn Tarkhan Al-Farabi (870-950) left his influence in the Islamic world as the creator of rationalism and political philosophy. At the core of Al-Farabi’s philosophical system, which has a special place in the history of socio-philosophical and political thought, is the essence of man, intellectual and spiritual perfection, freedom, the desire for personal and social happiness and the search for a happy future. The formation and functioning of human society, the state, its forms of government, the place and role of law, the principles of building a virtuous state, as well as the necessary qualities and characteristics of a person (political leader) with renewed power in the current situation are the main provisions of al-Farabi’s socio-political views.

The issue about creation of the universe has been the subject of heated debate and controversy since the early days of Islamic thought between peripatetics (mashshais), who adopted the philosophy of Aristotle, and supporters of the Kalam’s doctrine, seeking to defend the orthodox Islamic faith. Although the basic tenets of both sides are outwardly aimed at protecting the dogmas of Islam, in fact neither side has fully achieved its goal. Irfan thought, which developed in parallel with these two currents of thought, has revealed a very simple and convenient way to solve the problem in clear or symbolic terms. Moreover, the path provided by the supporters of Irfan (gnosis) is in complete harmony with the monotheistic belief of Islam. In modern research, the problem of creation or eternity is studied mainly in the context of the Kalam’s doctrine and philosophy, and the position of irfans is not studied. The purpose of this article is to study the view of Irfan in general, specifically in the example of the 12th century Azerbaijani thinker Ayn al-Guzat Miyanaji. The subject has been studied on the basis of “Zubdat al-Hagaig”, a systematic expression of Ayn al-Guzat’s thought.

The article talks about the important place of the Azerbaijani-Turkish thinker Abdullah Shaig in our national-philosophical and socio-intellectual history. He was distinguished in our nationalphilosophical and socio-intellectual history by his socio-philosophical views and philosophical romanticism. Shaig’s socio-philosophical views are based on man and society, there are utopian hopes for the future of society and people. Shaig believed that with hopes for the future, a person could be free from the evil inside and acquire a humanistic mindset. The article also analyzes Shaig’s socio-political views. National self-consciousness, especially Turkism, played an important role in his socio-political meetings. It is noted in the article that along with the development of the Turkish language and Turkish literature in Shaig’s work, the formation of the Turkish community also gave an important place to the promotion of the idea of Turanism. With the establishment of the Turkish-speaking Republic of Azerbaijan, Shaig’s love for Turan became even stronger, and his confidence in the realization of his dream of Turkish unity increased. Shaig hoped for the establishment of a just society in the name of socialism in Soviet Azerbaijan, but did not forget to be careful and sensitive in matters of Islamism and Turkism.

A number of hadith sources contain a special hadith about Azerbaijan, which states that a fire (terrible event) will inevitably rise from Azerbaijan. In this hadith, believers are given special instructions to stay at home and not to take part in the event. The known hadith has been applied to different events and individuals at different times, and strange ideas have been voiced about it without carefully examining the chain of documents (narrators) and the meaning it contains. In this study, this hadith, which was narrated through two documents, was taken into account, examined in terms of document and meaning, and certain results were obtained. During the research, it became clear that the hadith is weak and unreliable in both series of documents (narrators), but in terms of meaning, certain explanations and conclusions have been presented and confirmed.

After the spread of Islam in Azerbaijan, Azerbaijani literature enriched, glorified, and multiplied its power with the light of the blessed verses of the Holy Quran. Heritage of all our classics, including Khagani, Nizami, Nasimi, Khatai, Fuzuli and others benefited from the verses of the blessed Quran and endowed the world literature with priceless examples. Poets who grew up in Baku in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century also chose the wisdom, lessons and advice of the Holy Quran as a criterion as their predecessors and embraced their works with the science of eloquence deriving from the Holy Quran

Nizami Ganjavi, a great Azerbaijani poet and thinker, in his immortal poetry expressed his poetic and philosophical thoughts about Islam that it is a religion of peace, kindness and tolerance, and stated his thoughts about the Holy Quran which is the basis of this religion. And these ideas found their deep meaning and content in the “Khamsa” of the great artist. Nizami Ganjavi shed light on the deep artistic and philosophical thinking of the Prophet Muhammad, the founder of Islam, and his miracle - Holy Quran.

In the scientific research work dedicated to the year 2021 - “The Year of Nizami Ganjavi” in the Republic of Azerbaijan, on the basis of historical and written scientific sources, archival documents, centuries long religious-moral values in the rich heritage of this genius poet and thinker are studied. The article examines exceptional source value of the examples of religious traditions as an integral part of the national and moral values of our people contained in the works of Sheikh Nizami on the basis of numerous literary examples.

Being under the influence of Parthia, the early states of Caucasian Albania and Atropatena, in their economic relations, mainly used coin materials minted both in the central cities of this state and in Ecbatana. The discovered treasures of coins from the territory of modern Azerbaijan prove such interesting facts as, during the reign of some rulers of Parthia, barbaric imitations of silver drachmas and sometimes counterfeit coins were minted. So numismatic materials allow us to come to the conclusion that both states before joining the Sassanids had a nominal value, vassal dependence, and not full annexation to Parthia.

Nizami Ganjavi enriched Eastern literary thinking with scientific and philosophical ideas and raised his poetry to unprecedented heights with his universal and wonderful poetic power. Famous «Hamsa» of the poet-thinker, standing on the highest top searching for the spritual riches of mankind has occupied the worthy place among the masterpieces of world literature. During his creativity, Nizami Ganjavi wrote lyric poems, and later, expressed his progressive social and philosophical ideas in his poetry for the first time. Nizami Ganjavi brought extremely high humanistic ideas and new creative achievements into the literature of the Middle East people. His work, based on the Holy Quran, calls people to beautiful morality, to love motherland, to live on the way guided by Almighty, to live bravely, taste the knowledge and live with love to Almighty, the Prophet, Motherland, people and the nation. Nizami Ganjavi left such a mark in Muslim Eastern literature, that hundreds of Iranian and Indian poets wrote and create under his influence. According to Nizami, the only way of life - is Islam. Devotion to the Almighty. People created by the Almighty should have no other way of life, than Islam. The prophets sent to lead humanity have always preached the Islamic way of life.