Copper nanoflowers have been fabricated using two different techniques;electro-deposition of copper in polymer and anodic alumina templates, and cytyltrimethal ammonium bromide (CTAB)-assisted hydrothermal method. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images record some interesting morphologies of metallic copper nanoflowers. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) has been used to determine morphology and composition of copper oxide nanoflowers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern reveals the monoclinic phase of CuO in the crystallographic structure of copper oxide nanoflowers. There is an element of random artistic design of nature, rather than science, in exotic patterns of nanoflowers fabricated in our laboratory.

The natural radiation of soil samples in the education college for girls which is located in kufa university in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf govern mate have been studied . A total of 10 Soil samples were collected randomly in October 2010 then kept aside for about 4 week to ensure the equilibrium has been reached between 226 Ra and its decay products of short half –life and 228Ra and its decay products –1before they were taken for gamma spectrometric analysis. The obtained values of the activity concentrations (Bq.kg ) were determined for the radionuclides 238U, 226Ra, 232Th ,228Ra , and 40K. The presented results of the contents of radionuclides in soil -1 226samples showed the minimum activity concentration 4.48±0.8Bq kg of Ra was determined in the soil sample No. 9, while the –1 232maximum value of 49.89±10.08 Bq kg was found in the soil from the sample No. 2. The activity concentrations of Th were in the –1 –1range 0.87±0.2 Bq kg to 11.53±2.5 Bq kg with a minimum value for the sample No. 1 and a maximum for the sample No. 8. The –1 –140K concentrations are disbursed as minimum value 34.54±6.7 Bq kg in sample No.1 and maximum value 236.78±93.5 Bq kg in sample No. 6. The highest annual effective dose rate was found to be 139.88 (µSv/y) while the world average annual effective dose equivalent is 460 (µSv/y). The corresponding gamma radiation hazard indices ,annual effective dose and gamma activity concentration index (I?r) were below those of the limit considered acceptable.

The basic and fundamental role of Mg as being the second most abundant intercellular cation is established in various studies. It is identified as a divalent metal cofactor in over 300 enzymatic reactions involving energy metabolism and protein and nucleic acid synthesis. The biological function is identified in neuromuscular excitability. Mg ion regulates calcium ion flow in neuronal channels, helping to regulate neuronal Nitric Oxide production1. Mg deficiency causes NMDA coupled Calcium channels to be biased towards opening, causing neuronal injury and neurological dysfunction, which may appear to humans as major depression. The present study confirms a reduction in the symptoms of depression found in the male population comprising of different age group by Mg treatment. CSF Mg has been found low in treatment resistant suicidal depression. Brain Mg is also low in TRD using phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance Spectroscopy2. A 2009 randomized clinical trial shows that Mg therapy was an effective as TCAs in depressed diabetics. Increase in brain Mg enhances both short term synaptic facilitation and long term potentiation and improves learning and memory function3 The present study is based on findings that male subjects diagnosed as depressed showed a marked reduction in behavioral and somatic features of the disease after administration of Magnesium supplement. Physiological and somatic anxiety was also alleviated in a certain age group which displayed recovery from Insomnia and agitation. Suicidal tendency was also negative in all age groups. This study focuses on the behavioral and somatic responses pertaining to brain biochemical changes induced by Magnesium therapy.

The consequence of pre-treatment of UV-A (366 nm) and UV-C (254 nm) radiation on seed germination and growth of Vigna radiata was investigated at three different exposure period (2, 4 and 6 hours). Supplementation of UV-A enhanced the germination rate, specific leaf area, root and shoot length and dry weight than the UV-C supplemented plants.

In order to have better understanding of scheming of lectures via Systemic Approach to Teaching and Learning (SATL) method examples of daily life have been selected. In this practice different thoughts are arranged in a way that the correlations between avariety of concepts becomes explicable.

The kinetics of reduction of tris(1, 10 orthophenanthroline ) iron(III) by [N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylene-diamine-N,N ,N -triacetato] uranium (IV), symbolized as [U(IV) HEDTA]1+ , has been investigated in aqueous medium at 30 ? 0.5 oC . Measurements were recorded under pseudo first order conditions. The rate of electron transfer reaction between these reactants was measured by varying pH and ionic strength, between 2.5-3.0 and 0.01-0.05 M respectively. It was found that pH directly influenced the k 1 and values were found to be 111.8, 193.7, 344.7 478.93 mol-1 dm3s-1 at pH 3.2, 3.0, 2.8, 2.5 respectively. The value of k’ was evaluated as 6.35? 106 mol-1 dm3 s-1. Abbreviations: EDTA = Ethylene-diamine-N,N ,N -tetra acetic acid, HEDTA = [N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-]ethylene-diamine-N,N ,N -triacetatic acid

In this paper we reported the diminution pattern of hydrogen contents in molten aluminium alloys during casting on industrial scale, and estimated the efficiency of inline rotary degassing system. The degassing parameters were tried to set constant in nearly 150 heats, so that other factors which govern the degassing efficiency of inline unit could be in-sighted well. In this study we used Leco RHEN-602 hydrogen determinator based on the principle of hot extraction carrier gas method, for the measurement of dissolved hydrogen in molten metal and from these results efficiency of inline rotary degassing unit was calculated. The resultsalloys.

Bougainvillea consists of 18 shrubby species, growing in different parts of Pakistan and is being used as Anti-ulcer, Anti-diarrheal, Anti-microbial, Anti- diabetic, Amylase Inhibition and as for low blood pressure but none of the studies on Bougainvillea focused on the estimation of metal ion concentration. The focus of the present study was to estimation of moisture content and comparative analysis of trace metal ions in white flowers of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd and Purple flowers of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy. The metal ions concentration either essential or non essential, critically affect the biological system of the human body. Here are many factors including the different types of pollution-fertilizer, insecticides, pesticides and otherforms of air and water pollution etc.- that effect directly on metal ion concentration in Bougainvillea and indirectly in biological system if used traditionally as medicine.