Einleitung Gleichheit und Differenz sind zentrale Kategorien in feministischen Diskurs. In der Vergangenheit haben viele Feministinnen sich bemüht, Gleichberechtigung und Emanzipation zu erreichen. Hier versuche ich, festzumachen, wann eigentlich diese Versuche angefangen waren. Inwiefern haben diese Versuche die heutige Lage der Frau geändert? Brauchen wir den Feminismus auch heute? Einiges haben die Frauenbewegungen bis heute bestimmt schon erreicht, aber es gibt noch vieles, das erreicht werden muss.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is an effort to universalize elementary education by community-ownership of the school system. It is a response to the demand for quality basic education all over the country. The SSAprogramme is also an attempt to provide an opportunity for improving human capabilities to all children, through provision of community- owned quality education in a mission mode.

These days everywhere we are hearing the word “black money” from the news channel, news paper, Magazines etc.Black money is an expression which was used inter-alia in the Wanchoo Committee Report some 30 years ago,and it was pointed out therein that black money was a serious threat to the national economy and it was an undisputed fact that there was considerable black money in circulation,which was unaccounted or concealed and outside the disclosed trading channels,largely the product of black market transactions. Black money is not only the problem of Indian economy,but it also transcends the borders and has become a global menace.Black money is an issue that has gained increasing significance following a PIL Ram Jethmalani and others vs.Union of India and Others,Writ Petition(Civil)No(s).176 of 2009 filed by former Law Minister Ram Jethmalani and others,seeking direction to government to bring back the illegal money laundered in secret bank accounts in foreign jurisdiction,the Supreme Court in response has directed the government to explore possibility of filing cases under the PMLA,2002 against persons suspected of parking illegal money in offshore banks. Successive governments have periodically promised to bring this money home.But so far none has done so.

Human resources are the source of achieving competitive advantage because of its capability to convert the other resources (money, machine, methods and material) in to output (product/service). The competitor can imitate other resources like technology and capital but the human resource are unique. In the view of resource based theory of Barney (1991) stated that Human resources lead to competitive advantage when they are valuable, inimitable and well organized.HRM can help firms improve organizational behavior in such areas as staff commitment, competency and flexibility, which in turn leads to improved staff performance (Koch and McGrath, 1996).

Human resources are the source of achieving competitive advantage because of its capability to convert the other resources (money, machine, methods and material) in to output (product/service). The competitor can imitate other resources like technology and capital but the human resource are unique. In the view of resource based theory of Barney (1991) stated that Human resources lead to competitive advantage when they are valuable, inimitable and well organized.HRM can help firms improve organizational behavior in such areas as staff commitment, competency and flexibility, which in turn leads to improved staff performance (Koch and McGrath, 1996).

The purpose of the present study was to compare the trapping performance among the Southern Region men hockey players While playing in the artificial turf field. To achieve the purpose of this study totally 120 men hockey players who had participated in the Senior South zone and Senior National hockey championships from the Southern Regions (Tamilnadu, Puducherry, Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Hydrabad) were selected as subjects.

This paper has tried to unveil the environmental health situation of the people of the fringe area through the case study of peripheral locality of Lucknow city. Some selected peripheral villages of the Lucknow city has been taken under the study. The study is based on the primary data collected from the field survey. Paper mainly gives the situation of health of the people of the study area and the situation of pollution mainly on Air, Water and Space. Therefore, this article attempts to investigate the environmental changes in the fringe region by deeply analyzing the issues such as the change in pollution levels and the various factors behind the change in pollution levels and its consequences on human health etc. It also delves deeply upon the endeavours of forestation and preparedness of health care system to meet challenges in such an environment by analyzing coverage of various health care schemes and access to health care professionals and infrastructure.

The e-marketing is the method of selling retail goods via electronic media i.e. internet. Retailing is a part of Ecommerce i.e. now a day’s customer has become demanding and quality aware. Satisfaction of Customer lies at the root of the business. Online marketing have enabled sellers or retailers to directly take their product to customer. It is important to point that a market is established irrespective of time and place, whenever two group buyer and seller are there to undertake exchange transactions. We can say that electronic market is business to consumer transaction where business directly deals with the consumer.

The present study investigated computer anxiety of Higher Secondary students of Baramulla District of Jammu and Kashmir.Within a sample, 176 Male and 177 Female students were selected randomly from government and private higher secondaries. Data were collected by using Computer Anxiety Scale. The data were analyzed by using one way ANNOVAand‘t’ test. The results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in mean Computer Anxiety of arts group, commerce group and science group male students. There was no significance in the mean computer anxiety of arts group, commerce group and science group female students. There was no significance difference between the mean computer anxieties of Government & Private School students. There was a significant difference in mean Computer Anxiety of Male and Female students. Female students have more Computer Anxiety as compared to Male students. Educational implications are also presented in the study.

The current study aims to study the Suggestion scheme at Shop Floor , assemble shop facility at Tata Motors Pantnagar TCF 1C department. The researcher tries to find various categories of issues related , changes suggested and implementations required to avail the benefits of various changes implied. The researcher used questionnaire for the primary data collection and had came out with some suggestions and findings that might help the organization in increasing its productivity thereby saving time, energy and money as well.

Education is fundamental to an all-round development of the human potential both material and spiritual. It develops human resources so essential for developing different sectors of the economy. Being an important instrument for the growth of the nation, concerted efforts are being made to provide education to all by both, the Centre and the State governments.

Comparative education is a entirely established academic field of study that examines education in one country or group of countries by using data and insights drawn from the practices and situation in another country, or countries. Comparative education has four purposes: to describe educational systems, processes, or outcomes; to assist in the development of educational institutions and practices; to highlight the relationships between education and society; to establish generalized statements about education that are valid in more than one country. Comparative education is often incorrectly assumed to exclusively encompass studies that compare two or more different countries.

Bada Talab, Parasi at Rewa district were studied in the present study. The pollutantsand drastic environmental variation have also adversely effected and changed water qualities i.e. Temprature, hardness, turbidity, alkalinity, pH. COD, BOD and DO etc. Aquatic life, thus, alsois affected. Changes in morphology of amphibian, like- colour, pigmentation, length, weightmass, etc. may occur. This cannot be ignored that the afore-mention variation may beresponsible to develop new varieties or sub species. Unfortunately, negligible work is done inrelation to amphibian fauna of the area in recent-past. Though, appreciable limnological work isdone, yet the amphibian fauna remained unexplored. The fauna study is of tremendoussignificance in determining population density and specific diversity and conservation ofecosystem in Rewa District.

The nature and hierarchy of subject Science is information based. The syllabus of science consists of concepts, laws, facts, processes, experiments etc. But all these aspects were taught using conventional methods by the in – service teachers and students teachers. Zoology is the informative subject, which includes descriptive part, including concepts, structures and functioning of complicated organs and systems such as brain, nervous system, blood vessels, study of human physiology, structure of animal cell etc. The students have multidimensional personalities and different learning styles. So, teaching is thus the most difficult task. To bring the excepted behavioral changes among the pupils the teacher has to be changed, He has to adopt the appropriate strategy for teaching.

The scolex of Moniezia govindi n.sp. is large, globular,oval, uckers large, oval,situated almost in the anterior 3/4th region of the scolex. Mature proglottids are large, squarish,slightly concave or convex lateral margins. Testes medium, oval 220-230 (225), cirrus pouch oneach side, medium, oval, cylindrical appearance, slightly broader anteriorly narrow posteriorly,vagina is a thin tube situated posterior to the cirrus pouch, ootype large, oval, post ovarian,situated in the concavity of the ovarian lobes, vitelline gland large, quadrangular with irregularmargin, post ovarian, almost central in position 30-32 short, blunt, round wide acini, in etweenthe two segments in the intra segmental regions, the interproglottidal glands are present.

The author has chosen a topic titled, “Customers motive behind savings in private sector banks in Tirupur city. The present study aimsto analyse the motive of the customfor savings under private sector banks. At present most of the private sector banks offers various schemes to attract the customers. This research study is based on the primary survey where data were collected from customers residing in the study area. The customers are classified based on Age, Gender and Marital status.

Public sector enterprises play a vital role in human role. Public sector enterprises are one of the important industries in India for development of nation and giving employment to lakhs of workers. Because of being highly labour intensive industry, it needs to concentrate more in the area of employee’s welfare. Employee welfare is “the efforts to make life worth living for workmen”. Employee welfare means anything done for the comfort and the improvement, intellectual or social of the employees over and above the wages paid which is not a necessity of the industry. Organisations provide welfare facilities to their employees to keep their motivation levels high. The employee welfare schemes can be classified into two categories viz., statutory and non-statutory schemes. The statutory schemes are those schemes that are compulsory to provide by an organisation as compliance to the laws governing employee health and safety. The non-statutory differ from organisation to organisation and from industry to industry.

The author has chosen a topic titled, “Financial Obstacles faced by the MSME entrepreneurs in Tirupur city. An Entrepreneur is an economic leader who possesses the ability to recognise opportunities for the successful introduction of a new product, new source of supply, new technique of production, etc. and who assembles the necessary resources and organises them into a going concern. As part of developing right policies for boosting employment in MSME (micro, small and medium enterprises) segment, the Institute of Applied Manpower Research under the Planning Commission of India has started assessing the major constraints faced by MSMEs in Tirupur. The MSME sector has often been termed as the ‘engine of growth’ for developing economies. The importance of the MSME sector in the growing Indian economy has long been recognized; so also has the fact that the MSME sector faces several major hindrances to growth such as complicated bureaucratic registration procedures, accessing finance and working capital loans from banks and other institutional sources, accessing information and management skills.

Quality assurance is not easy in India due to many factors like the strength, old methods of teaching, evaluation not testing the skills but the meaning power of the learner. Time wastage and mismanagement time are equally for the poor condition. The researcher in this paper intends to present the perennial problem of time wastage, its impact, and the solution.

Thin Layer Chromatography is a very effective tool for examination of ink since beginning. It has proved to be the most convenient methods in separation of inks. Ink is a liquid or a viscous pigmented substance used for writing, printing, and drawing. Ink’s composition and its consistency vary accordingly. It depends on the purpose for which it is used. However every ink is composed of components such as pigment or dye called colorant and vehicle. Some of the common types of inks are writing inks, printing inks, drawing inks, visible inks, and invisible or symphetatic inks.

Since ancient times dance has got infused into temple iconography. Dance has influenced sculpture making so deeply that the grace of dance can be seen in the temple sculptures. Iconography is the study of images or sculptures mostly religious. It is to be noted that the very purpose of temple structure is the image residing in it. In the words of Rao, “The origin of image worship in India seems very ancient and its causes are not exactly known.”

The purpose of the study was to compare selected physiological variables among sprinters, middle distance runners and long distance runners. A total of 30 male subjects were randomly selected from different running events of track and field (10 each) which are classified as sprinters, middle distance runners and long distance runners from Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior. The age of the subjects ranges from 19-24 years. The physiological variables were measured by using following tests: hemoglobin (mm/hg) – blood test, resting heart rate (RHR) – palpation method, resting respiratory rate (RRR) – palpation method, aerobic capacity-12 min cooper run/walk test. ANOVA was used as a statistical technique for analyzing the data. The result shows that there was a significance difference found in hemoglobin and aerobic capacity among the selected groups.

India has been a great tradition of women’s education from Gargi, Maitraj it means before independence to after independence. In 1988 Miss Sorabaji got honour to be a first woman having completed the graduation. In India so many social reformers tried their best for giving education to women like Ramabai Joshi, Karve, Vidyasagar, Phule and so many. Today’s bright future of women is only because of their priceless efforts. Beside these efforts government of India also put-forthed various commissions and paved the ways for women’s education through its recommendations. Before Independence the commissions like Wood’s dispatch, Hunter Commission, Hertog Council etc and after Independence. Dr. Radhakrishnan Commission, Mudliar Commission, Deshmukh Council, Hansa Mehta Council, Kothari Commission, National Education Policy of 1968 and 1986 etc.

The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines a domestic worker as “someone who carries out household work in private households in return for wages”. Researches show that domestic work is the largest employment for poor females in India. There are approximately 20 million people who are engaging themselves as domestic workers in this country. Among them 92% are women and 20% are children under 14 years of age. Therefore, the present study is based on the purpose of finding out the level of education and income of FDWs, studying is there any relationship between the level of education and income and finding out the satisfaction level of the FDWs. To make the study scientific, descriptive Survey method was employed and 80 female domestic workers were selected purposively as sample of the study for data collection. A self-structured Interview Schedule was administered to the respondents and to analyse the collected data tables, simple percentage and Pearson correlation were employed. From the Survey, Female Domestic Workers (FDWs)were found to be engaged in household activities like cleaning/ sweeping, entire household chores, washing clothes, help in cooking, baby sitting, cooking, shopping, looking after aged persons, taking children to schools.

The advent of the concept of welfare state during twentieth century led todevelopment of administration and administrative law for the betterment of public welfare, thestatutes has empowered to administrative authority and given very wide powers toAdministration for Public Interest Protection. The discretionary power for administration, isthus to be tolerated. However, it must be kept within the bounds of law. It has increasinglybecome important to control the administration, consistent with efficiency in such a way that itdoes not interfere with impurity with the rights of the individual. Therefore Judicial control isnecessary by which the function of ministrative Authorities could be checked or reviewed.Judicial Review is a procedure by which a court can pronounce on an administrative action bypublic body. It may also be defined as a ‘courts’. Power to review the actions of other branches ofgovernment, specially the court’s power to invalidate legislative and executive actions as beingunconstitutional. But inspite of above there are some statutory provisions which led to exclusionof judicial review. This research paper presents certain provisions and norms when a court maybe forbidden or excluded from judicial review.

Financial Inclusion is critical for achieving inclusive growth in the country. The Financial Inclusion initiatives will go a long way in not only financially empowering the rural farmers but also as an avenue of providing excellent business opportunities for the financial market participants. The promotion of an inclusive financial system is considered a policy priority in many countries. Financial inclusion is important for improving the living conditions of poor farmers, rural non- farm enterprises and other vulnerable groups. While the importance of financial inclusion is widely recognized, there is lack of assessment of the extent of financial inclusion based on credit flow to small borrowers in Indian economy. The liberalized, increasingly global, market driven economy of India today, has failed to facilitate inclusive growth. This paper attempts to analyze the role primary agriculture cooperative societies in financial inclusion and agricultural development in India.

The purpose of any Marketing research is to provide information, at a specific timeon customers or trade or competition and the future trends in each of them. Most of theseresearch exercise help strengthen an enterprises and assist it in strategic decision making. Butmarketing is a war that requires continuous surveillance of markets. Customers andcompetition as also other structural components of the market like government policy. Based on this continuous surveillance, successful enterprises evolve their tactics to win smaller battles,which together at the end help it win the war, namely, market shares.

This research article will focus on the novel The Millstone by Margaret Drabble. Thenovel is written in the early 1960s, and published in 1965. The writing of Margaret Drabbleexplores the complexities of the lives of modern educated women, such as motherhood,loneliness, longing, love, career, and pleasure. Margaret Drabble projects women who breakaway from the traditional role for women in society. She focuses on her heroine’s problems andshows how women can adapt in a changing society. In modern literature it is permissible to write about every aspect of a woman’s life. Experiences of childbearing and the rearing of children aswell as career and relationship are explored by women writers. Modern women face andexperience various dilemmas today.

Envision the most noticeably bad happens, and you are erroneously blamed for awrongdoing in a city in which you are traveling and in which you don't know anybody. You arecaptured and instructed with respect to your rights to a lawyer and one telephone call. Whichlegal advisor do you call? Which legal counselor has the best preparing in the kind of issues forwhich you were captured? Which one has the best record on these matters? Which one wouldyou be able to manage? Will the one you pick buckle down for you? Alternately will you pickone that will make just a negligible showing, which could arrive you in jail? By what meanswould you be able to make the best and most normal choice with this absence of data?

The present study examined the relationship of depression with family environment among adolescents in Chandigarh. For the collection of data Beck Depression Inventory-II and Family Environment Scale were used. For the analysis of data statistical techniques like t-test, Pearson product moment correlation and stepwise multiple regression were used. Correlation analysis showed that depression was found to be significantly and negatively correlated with cohesion, expressiveness, independence and recreational orientation dimensions of family environment. No significant gender difference was observed on the variable of depression. Boys and girls significantly differed only on organization dimension of family environment. Regression analysis showed that expressiveness, cohesion and independence significantly contributed to depression independently as well as conjointly. This demonstrated that adolescents having families high on expressiveness, cohesion and independence exhibited lower level of depression. Results of the present study demonstrated that congenial family environment is necessary for the overall development of adolescents.

Accounting professional ethics, it is important that the professional integrity and ability directly accounting for the impact of public trust. Ethic the collection of sentences that determine the truth or falseness judgments of behavior in a society will be specified. But this kind of sentences varied and sometimes is contradictory and a lot depends on the position and vision dimension. Moreover, although moral transformation of society according to its own dynamics, but can not be adapted itself to severe changes. Information age means the process of increasing importance to information production process towards the production of goods and energy. In this process, the main source of production is humans and most activities are innovation and creativity and the exchange of information.

Girinka – or the “one-cow per poor family” program – is currently being promoted as a poverty reduction strategy in Rwanda. The word Girinka can be translated as ‘may you have a cow’and describes a centuries old cultural practice in Rwanda whereby a cow was given by one person to another, either as a sign of respect and gratitude or as a marriage gift. As part of efforts to reconstruct Rwanda and nurture a shared national identity, the Government of Rwanda drew on aspects of Rwandan culture and traditional practices to enrich and adapt its development programs to the country’s needs and context. The result is a set of Home Grown Solutions - culturally owned practices translated into sustainable development programs. One of these Home Grown Solutions is the One Cow per Poor Family program also known as Girinka program initiated in 2006. The program aims to: i) reduce the country’s chronic child malnutrition rate; ii) increase household food security; and iii) generate alternative income for the poor.

Congress has played a significant role in the politics of the state even when it did nothave its independent unit operating within the state. Its contribution in secularisation of politicswithin the state has proved very decisive especially during 1947 partition. In Post 1947 it playeda very significant role in shaping the politics both in positive as well as in its negativedimensions. Congress also played a very vital role in granting special constitutional position andabrogating the same. It has a very paradoxical role in both of promoting and undermining the democratic functioning within the state. While as on the one hand it showed magnanimity byinviting Sheikh Abdullah to form government in 1975 at the cost itself losing power. It is generally believed that at times party’s policy was very much undemocratic towards thefunctioning of the state institutions. The paper further argues that this undemocratic interference has been very immediate cause of the breakdown of the main institutions of the state.

India is among the most diverse societies in the world. It has people from all themajor religions in the world—Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains andZoroastrians (Parsis). When India gained independence in1947, the political leadership and theframers of the constitution took note of this diversity, and they deliberated on a framework thatwould provide for a unified but culturally diverse state. The issue of minorities has become animportant part of political discourse since eemergence of nation states and the prevalence ofthe concept of popular sovereignty. The rise of nationalism has given rise to the concept that thepolitical boundaries of a nation should conform to the national characteristics of the peopleliving within them. Problems of Minorities are multiple in nature, Racial, Religious, Ethnic,Linguistic and other minorities are subject to some or the other problems everywhere.

India is a land of rich diversities in terms of religion, language, customs, traditionsetc. Hindus are in majority and followed by Muslims, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains and Parsis, whoare in minorities? According to 2001 Census of India, Muslim population comprisedabout13.4% of the total population of India. Prima facie, India is a secular country and itsconstitution guarantees equal rights to all its citizens without any discrimination on the lines ofcaste, religion, language and race. But the same is not happening with the print media. In the ageof information technology, print and social media is playing negative role at least in the contextof the minorities, as viewed by the minority’s commentators.

The Constitution visualizes panchayats as institutions of self-governance. However, giving due consideration to the federal structure of our polity, most of the financial powers and authorities to be endowed on panchayats have been left at the discretion of concerned state legislatures. Consequently, the powers and functions vested in PRIs vary from state to state. These provisions combine representative and direct democracy into a synergy and are expected to result in an extension and deepening of democracy in India. Hence, panchayats have journeyed from an institution within the culture of India to attain constitutional status. Haryana State came into existence on 1st November, 1966 and the Punjab Gram Panchayat Act, 1952 was made applicable to the PRIs in Haryana. Pursuant to the 73rd Constitutional amendment in 1992, the Haryana Panchayati Raj Act, 1994 was framed which came into force from April 22, 1994. Devi Lal emerged as a leader of farmers. During his two tenures as chief minister of Haryana he made several decisions benefiting farmers and rural people.

Environmental education (EE) talk about to organized efforts to teach about hownatural environments function. Mainly, how human beings can manage their behaviour andecosystems in order to live sustainably. This term is regularly used to indicate education within the school system including primary to higher-secondary. Though, it is from time to time usedmore approximately to include all efforts to educate the public and other audiences for exampleincluding print materials, websites and media campaigns, etc. Correlated disciplines includeoutdoor education and experiential education.