The aim of this study was to compare the visual and auditory reaction time between left and right hand dominance. To achieve the purpose sixty men students from Annamalai University aged between 18 – 24 years were selected as subject. The subjects were divided into two groups: Group – I Right Hand dominants and Group – II Left Hand Dominants both the group were tested Auditory reaction time and Visual reaction time by using Chronometer the data was collected and tested by using correlated “t” Ratio. It was found that there was significant difference in visual and auditory reaction time on both groups. The Left hand dominance has better auditory and visual reaction when compare with right dominance.

Image quality parameters are the figure of merit widely used in the image processing applications to analyze and compare the output image with the input image. These measures are widely used in image compression, segmentation, feature extraction, object detection and tracking, and image based measurements. In this paper, these parameters measure the similarity or dissimilarity between the two images on the basis of comparing the corresponding pixels of the two images and present a numerical value as a result. The segmentation is one of the most challenging and important process in the image analysis. The success of the image analysis is based on the result produced in the segmentation stage. This paper presents a comparative study of the segmentation of high resolution satellite images in RGB and HSV color spaces using modified k-means clustering algorithm. The segmented images are compared with the original input images by using number of bivariate image quality parameters. To test the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method, the experiments are performed on GeoEye-1 satellite images.

West Bengal witnessed impressive agricultural growth rates during the decade of the eighties, primarily due to the institutional and technological changes. The high growth rates could however, not be sustained in the following decade primarily due to area saturation and declining yield growth rates. Owing to this deceleration and the policy of globalization, the state has been following the policy of crop diversification in favour of high value cash crops since the mid nineties. In this context, horticultural crops occupy an important position in terms of providing livelihood options, mitigating to some extent the excess demand for cereals and contributing to food and nutritional security. However, the performance of the horticultural sector is not very satisfactory as productivity is low, even though area under them has increased. The present study taking the district as the smallest unit, would like to analyse the growth rates of two important horticultural crops i.e. fruits and vegetables in terms of area, production and yield, and also examine how much of the change in output is attributed to area change and yield change.

Seasonal variation of diatoms density and species richness was studied for two years from Yashwant Lake, located in the Satpura Reserve Forest at Toranmal (Maharashtra) India. The density of diatoms was minimal in post-monsoon which increased gradually and culminated in summer. Species richness of diatoms was maximal in summer and found to be minimal in winter. The Pearson correlation was calculated by keeping phytoplankton as dependent variable and other abiotic factors as independent variables. The diatoms structure depends on a variety of environmental factors that include biological parameters as well as various physico-chemical factors. The Yashwant Lake, located in subtropics, receives maximum photoperiod during summer that invigorates growth of the diatoms. In post monsoon the water cover and water level were higher which distribute the phytoplankton and leads to decrease in their density, while opposing situations occurs in summer leading to increase in density of total phytoplankton.

: It is currently estimated that 1.1 billion people in the world lack access to improved water supplies and 2.6 billion people lack adequate sanitation, the global health burden associated with these conditions is staggering, with an estimated 4000–6000 children dying each day from diseases associated with lack of access to safe drinking water. We reviewed existing major central and some state run programmes, Total Sanitation Programme, for this review, we are used data from various government websites, Indian sanitation portal, Ministry of Rural development and Census 2011. After going through all literature and programmes statistics it is found that Total Sanitation Campaign the Government has projects in all of the Indian rural districts, building about 57 million individual household sanitary latrines while this achievement still falls short of the estimated 119 million units needed to meet the target, In Maharashtra Sant Gadge Baba Gram Swachhata Abhiyan playing great role in the community level sanitation and hygiene, all programmes drawback is lack of the local community participation, targeted approach of programme, lack of funding and implementation part is lacking, and Indian sanitation problem lie not just on the lack of facilities or funding, but on cultural attitudes and behaviour towards hygiene

The purpose of this project is to remote monitoring and control of the Domestic Energy meter. This system enables the Electricity Department to read the meter readings regularly without the person visiting each house. This can be achieved by the use of microcontroller unit that continuously monitors and records the Energy Meter readings in its permanent (non-volatile) memory location. This system also makes use of a GSM modem for remote monitoring and control of Energy Meter. The Microcontroller based system continuously records the readings and the live meter reading can be sent to the Electricity department on request. This system also can be used to disconnect the power supply to the house in case of non-payment of electricity bills. A dedicated GSM modem with SIM card is required for each energy meter.

Relevant study is aimed to estimate the impact of ownership structure and governance pattern on the capital adjustment. The estimations implied in this study will also suggest about governance structure in the under consideration sector. Corporate governance is a utensil which satisfies the financers of an entity that the considerable returns are being met to them, ownership structure shows the percent shares of a specific entity in the capital of the relevant sector and the capital structure captures the proportion of debt and equity financing in the total amount of assets employed. The corporate governance variables like institutional shareholding, board size, percentage of outside directors and CEO duality instead of managerial shareholding proportion has a negative relation with the debt ratio. The control variables ROA and firm size has a negative and positive relation respectively.

In this paper we have established sufficient condition for existence of unique fixed point of contraction type mappings on complete 2-metric space for three maps.

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of selected yogic Asanas and Pranayams on the Mental Health of Professional Physical students. The study was conducted on 177 men students from G.M.V. Rampur Maniharan, Saharanpur (U.P)whom randomly selected as subject. Then they were randomly assigned equally into two groups one controlled and other experimental. Each group will have 77 professional Physical Education students. The pre-test, yogic practice and Post-test examination will conducted for nine weeks. In this nine weeks experimental and control subjects appeared for the Pre-test and Post-test. During Pre-test, Mental Health level of Professional Physical Education students were recorded and after this pre-test the practice of selected yogic Asanas and Pranayams for 9 weeks will be given to experimental group only. The subjects will exercise the yogic practice during morning and evening hours. They will exercise these yogic practice under proper guidance with the help of yoga coach and research. The present study have been analysed with the help of mean SD, SEM and the comparison between the groups were done with the help of the t-ratio on the basis of the analysis of data as given in table No. 2 is found that the subject of experimental group significantly improve the mental health after yogic practice. The level of confidence was fixed at 0.05 and 0.01 level.

A broad definition of research is given by Martyn Shuttleworth - "In the broadest sense of the word, the definition of research includes any gathering of data. Research and experimental development is formal work undertaken systematically to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge. Social science research is any research into the fields of social science. These fields include history, philosophy, political science, psychology, and geography. Social science or soft science studies the human aspects of the world. It includes an in-depth study and evaluation of human behavior by using scientific method. The main importance of research is to produce knowledge that can be applied outside a research setting. Research also forms the foundation of program development and policies everywhere around the universe. It also solves particular existing problems of concern. In order to determine why his research is considered important and how it affected society, we would need to know who he is. Albert Einstein's research impacted society in a different way than Sir Issac Newton's did. Research methodology helps in solving a problem in systematic way. To do research, This is relevant to how we think of research. Our concept of research is the idea that we try to understand aspects of the world more clearly, accurately, and predictably by assuming. (i)That there is some kind of order to things, and (ii)That this can be revealed by approaching the world in systematic and reasonable ways.

Mahatma Gandhi is known as 'Father of Nation'. History of Indian independence is in a way the life history of Mahatma Gandhi. Before studying the economic ideas of Mahatma Gandhi it may be worthwhile to take note of certain formative influences. Gandhiji was greatly influenced by Tolstoy and Ruskin. 'The Kingdom of God within You' by Tolstoy and 'Unto this Last' by Ruskin has a profound influence on Gandhiji. From the philosophy of Tolstoy he derived the concepts of egalitarianism, simplicity, and asceticism, which later on became the foundation of his economic ideas. Further the idea of 'Bread Labour' popularized by Tolstoy influenced Gandhiji and strengthened his conviction that machine technology should be avoided. This concept of 'Bread Labour' made Gandhiji believe that a man who did not do body labour had no right to eat. From Ruskin he developed distaste for material progress. Anarchists like prince Kropotking developed in Gandhi, hatred against concentration of economic and political power. The present research paper tries to analyse the economic ideas of Mahatma Gandhi.

:Psychological research involving human subject raises ethical concerns about the subject's right to privacy, the possible harm or discomfort caused by experimental procedures, and the use of deception. Over the years, psychologists have established various ethical guidelines. The American Psychological Association (APA) recommends that researchers (1) tell prospective subjects what they will experience so they can give informed consent to participate; (2) instruct subjects that they may withdraw from the study at any time; (3) minimize all harm and discomfort; (4) keep the subjects' responses and behaviors confidential; and (5) debrief subjects who were deceived in some way by fully explaining the research after they have participated. Some psychologists argue that such rules should never be broken. Others say that some degree of flexibility is needed in order to study certain important issues, such as the effects of stress on test performance (TP). Laboratory experiments that use rats, mice, rabbits, pigeons, monkeys, and other animals are an important part of psychology, just as in medicine. Animal research serves three purposes in psychology: to learn more about certain types of animals, to discover general principles of behavior that pertain to all species, and to study variables that cannot ethically be tested with human beings. But is it ethical to experiment on animals? Some animal rights activists believe that it is wrong to use animals in experiments, particularly in those that involve surgery, drugs, social isolation, food deprivation, electric shock, and other potentially harmful procedures. These activists see animal experimentation as unnecessary and question whether results from such research can be applied to humans. Many activists also argue that like humans, animals have the capacity to suffer and feel pain. In response to these criticisms, many researchers point out that animal experimentation has helped to improve the quality of human life. They note that animal studies have contributed to the treatment of anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders.

This paper attempts to conduct a study on nature of vocational training for visually impaired students in the Vocational Training Centre for Women of Calcutta Blind School, Behala. This work attempts to study the existing Policies/ Programmes/ Schemes related to Employment and their impact with respect to the actual needs of people with disabilities; and finally, to find out the nature of vocational training and formal education for visually impaired students. The case study method has been used and interviews have also been taken from students, the office clerks and teaching staffs to understand the real situation. The findings reveal that there is a absence of more advanced technologies which are already used by the developed countries, lack of awareness about the government policies and the opportunities of employment which can be generated from this type of vocational training, absence of interlinks and collaborations among various organizations to prevent overlapping, duplication and contradictions in implemented programme by the both central and state governments, problem of unawareness of the parents about their child's particular disability, unawareness about the benefits of vocational training, gap between the facilities of rural and urban areas, inadequacy in case of The number of skilled and trained personnel for supporting inclusive practices, and finally, limitation of developmentally appropriate teaching–learning materials for visually impaired children.

Mahatma Gandhi is known as 'Father of Nation'. History of Indian independence is in a way the life history of Mahatma Gandhi. Before studying the economic ideas of Mahatma Gandhi it may be worthwhile to take note of certain formative influences. Gandhiji was greatly influenced by Tolstoy and Ruskin. 'The Kingdom of God within You' by Tolstoy and 'Unto this Last' by Ruskin has a profound influence on Gandhiji. From the philosophy of Tolstoy he derived the concepts of egalitarianism, simplicity, and asceticism, which later on became the foundation of his economic ideas. Further the idea of 'Bread Labour' popularized by Tolstoy influenced Gandhiji and strengthened his conviction that machine technology should be avoided. This concept of 'Bread Labour' made Gandhiji believe that a man who did not do body labour had no right to eat. From Ruskin he developed distaste for material progress. Anarchists like prince Kropotking developed in Gandhi, hatred against concentration of economic and political power. The present research paper tries to analyse the economic ideas of Mahatma Gandhi.

This study was implemented during the period from spring 2008 to winter 2009 in Al-Nawras Bay located in Jeddah city, KSA to monitor the seasonal fluctuation of diatoms numbers as affected by the most predominant ecological factors in the bay. Identification of the prevalent diatoms species in the four study sites was achieved. Results showed that 24 diatoms species belonging to 12 genera were detected in the four tested sites. Of those, eight species were found in all four sites, while some species were found in one site but not in the others. For example, the species Navicula sp. 1, Navicula sp. 2, Nitzschia angularis, Nitzschia sp. 3 and Surirella fastuosa were found only in site A, which is the nearest site to a discharge point of mixed ground water in the Bay. Further, both diatoms species Amphora acutiuscula, and Surirella scalaris were found in site B that is located adjacent to site A. Meanwhile, site C contained the three species Amphora sp. 1, Amphora sp. 2 and Campylodiscus sp. The control site D, which is the farthest point from the pollution source, contained six diatom species (i.e., Tricertuim dubium, Amphora sp. 3, Bacteriastrum sp., Diploneis sp., Mastogloia sp. and Surirella hybrida). In terms of nutrient content and diatom numbers, site A recorded the highest number of diatoms and the highest content of nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and silicate in comparison with the three other sites.

Infrastructure plays a very important role in the teaching, learning, research, extensions and consultancy process of the colleges which are the basic components of higher education. Though, the University Grants Commission(UGC), State Government and other various agencies are providing financial support to these colleges of India in general and Assam in particular but, they are lagging behind the infrastructural development. The present paper is an attempt to analyze the problems of infrastructures in the degree colleges of Assam with references to Lakhimpur district

Forensic Accounting concept coined after 9/11 mishap in USA to combating frauds. In India, Kautilya mentioned misappropriation and Maurice E. Peloubet coined the concept. Forensic accounting is the specialty practice area of accountancy that describes engagements that result from actual or anticipated disputes or litigation. Forensic Accountants work throughout the business world, in public accounting, corporations, and in all branches of government. Forensic accounting is unique in that it combines accounting with investigation. These bloodhounds as opposed to the watchdogs that are auditors attempt to sniff out fraudulent transactions from the financial records of banks and companies. Forensic accountant should have some skill regarding investigation of accounting books. Government of India is taking efforts for detecting frauds through separate agencies. Some fraud detecting also developed in India to combat fraud. It can be helpful for forensic accounting and can be easily supportive to the forensic accountants.

The students who take admission in college of education to become teachers have to study basic subjects and principles of education, as well as do some practical work. The practical work and its practice is equally important. Teacher training colleges give more importance to difference skills, methods, principles, definitions ideas, techniques and helps student-teachers to acquire these skills for effective teaching, based on which the student-teachers prepare lession plans, take guidance for the lessons and then teach in the classroom according to guidance.

Optical coherent tomography image is an effective and efficient in diagnosis procedure in the retina. The challenge in OCT image is to detect retinal layers. Here, detection process in retina layers is a primary objective, such that, different existing segmentation methods is studied and analysed. For quality based analysis of the existing methods, the standard Statistical techniques are applied in output image. The result from the statistical techniques gives the relation of linear and similar methods, so that, narrow the objective by deriving and formulate a new procedure to evaluate this problem in segmentation of retinal Layers in OCTimage.

India is the largest producer of fruits and second largest producer of vegetables in the world. In spite of that per capita availability of fruits and vegetables is quite low because of post harvest losses which account for about 25% to 30% of production. Besides, quality of a sizable quantity of produce also deteriorates by the time it reaches the consumer. Most of the problems relating to the marketing of fruits and vegetables can be traced to their perishability. Perishability is responsible for high marketing costs, market gluts, price fluctuations and other similar problems.

Panel Data modelling is a major advancement in econometric analysis of financial and economic data. It has several advantages over Ordinary Least Square Method. In this paper an attempt is made to study the determinants of FDI in developing countries using Panel Data Framework. The model hypothesised that the factors affecting FDI in developing countries are the market size, external debt, trade openness, exchange rate and inflation. The study used fixed effects and random effects models and the selection of these models was made using Hausman and Breusch-Pagen tests. The study also used Wald and F-test to estimate the joint significance of time dummies. Data used for the present study ranges between 1994-2009 and all major developing countries including India have been included in panel. The study has many interesting results and can have far reaching implications to the economic policies of developing countries. The results of the study will be of much use to India as we are in process of fine tuning our policy towards FDI

-Objective of the study is to find out correlation between the Wellness & its dimensions and Job burnout of the employees of the Solapur University. Study was conducted at Solapur University over the population of 133 teaching as well as non teaching employees of the University. Study was done with the help of well structured questionnaire which is used to calculate wellness as well as burnout score of the employees. Data is analyzed & hypothesis is tested using Pearson correlation analysis. From the findings, it shows that there is little or no correlation between the wellness & job burnout of the employees. Also wellness & job burnout correlation is free from gender point of view which means there is no correlation between wellness of employees whether male or female to the job burnout.

The three year graduate course students have to undergo a university level examination at the end if each year to evaluate their comprehensive grapple of the subject. A similar pattern of examination is followed for two years post-graduate studies. But this situation changed according to need, time, aspiration and demand only for the sake of goodness , growth and better governance . Indian policy makers have started introducing semester style which is typically an American system of education and it has many reasons to be for attaining supremacy after many years. Semester system is a blessing for the trinity of higher education i.e. teaching, learning and examination. This paper throws light on the strengths of semester system and weaknesses of semester system examination pattern & suggests some remedies to tackle the problems created due to semester system.

Influence of ICT for effective classroom teaching has been the research focus for the past two decades. In spite of the efforts made by the government and private agencies to promote use of computers in the classroom, the outcome is not satisfactory. Teachers are unable to integrate technology in their instruction for various reasons. Researchers have been trying to find out the barriers that affect successful integration of technology in the classroom. Barriers are classified as teacher level, school level and system level barriers.This paper studies various levels of barriers impeding the use of computers in the classroom and their interrelationship. Studies conducted in various countries on factors preventing the use of computers by the teachers have been reviewed.The recommendations for those responsible for integration of computers in teaching were provided.

Various research papers have been published for describing “Concurrency Control Algorithm” in distributed database system .Even the large number of algorithms available , but distributed concurrency control performance trade-off are still not well defined .In this research paper I explored a hybrid architecture that provide locking for high conflict data items and optimistic access for the rest .

Introduction – objectives- Statement of problem- area of important crops- production of important crops- Productivity of important crops- impact of climate change - farmer's perspective - suggestions- conclusion

This present age can be signified to be of revolutionary nature charged by individuality's desire to surpass the customary system and set values. Self defined value system and self- determined destiny is now the call of the present generation. Philosophically, any attempt to explain this present trend immediately reminds us of Jean Paul Sartre's Existentialism which occupies a leading position recognizing the free individual as the milestone of morality and human destiny. However Sartre's existentialism is forcefully criticized of being selfish, unsocial and dreadful for assigning excessive freedom to the individual. Whereas, interestingly, Buddhism, which is found to be a very influential system all over the world have been carrying the seed of this individuality for long, recognizing no higher authority than the individual to determine individual fate. As per the Buddhist norm Man's destiny is determined by nothing but his own Karma. Thus with a comparative discussion of Sartrean Existentialism and the Buddhist system of Indian philosophy the paper argues that even being individualistic in approach one can be very much social in practice

The Heroistich stones are a memorial commemorating the honorable death of a king in battle and are found all over India. Hero stones often carry inscriptions displaying a variety of adornments, including bas relief panels, statues, and figures of carved stone. Usually they are in the form of a stone monument and may have an inscription at the bottom with a narrative of the battle. According to the historian Upindra Sing, the largest concentration of such memorial stones are found in the Indian state of Karnataka. About two thousand six hundred and fifty hero stones, the earliest dated to the 5th century, have been discovered inKarnataka.

Introduction – objectives- Statement of problem- area of important crops- production of important crops- Productivity of important crops- impact of climate change - farmer's perspective - suggestions- conclusion

A broad definition of research is given by Martyn Shuttleworth - "In the broadest sense of the word, the definition of research includes any gathering of data. Research and experimental development is formal work undertaken systematically to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge. Social science research is any research into the fields of social science. These fields include history, philosophy, political science, psychology, and geography. Social science or soft science studies the human aspects of the world. It includes an in-depth study and evaluation of human behavior by using scientific method. The main importance of research is to produce knowledge that can be applied outside a research setting. Research also forms the foundation of program development and policies everywhere around the universe. It also solves particular existing problems of concern. In order to determine why his research is considered important and how it affected society, we would need to know who he is. Albert Einstein's research impacted society in a different way than Sir Issac Newton's did. Research methodology helps in solving a problem in systematic way. To do research, This is relevant to how we think of research. Our concept of research is the idea that we try to understand aspects of the world more clearly, accurately, and predictably by assuming. (i)That there is some kind of order to things, and (ii)That this can be revealed by approaching the world in systematic and reasonable ways.

Climatic change is always one of the most important topics in the world and it has significant impacts on ecological and hydrological processes. Understanding of rainfall variability helps in proper planning of agriculture and decision management. In this present study, seasonal forecasting models namely Box Jenkins and Winters additive models were used for the period of 1988 to 2012 in Krishna district and finally, regarding the comparison of error between models, Seasonal ARIMA approach was chosen as the most appropriate method for forecasting and then the monthly rainfall forecast from 2013-2015 years have been investigated by selected ARIMA (1,0,0)(1,1,2)s.

A broad definition of research is given by Martyn Shuttleworth - "In the broadest sense of the word, the definition of research includes any gathering of data. Research and experimental development is formal work undertaken systematically to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge. Social science research is any research into the fields of social science. These fields include history, philosophy, political science, psychology, and geography. Social science or soft science studies the human aspects of the world. It includes an in-depth study and evaluation of human behavior by using scientific method. The main importance of research is to produce knowledge that can be applied outside a research setting. Research also forms the foundation of program development and policies everywhere around the universe. It also solves particular existing problems of concern. In order to determine why his research is considered important and how it affected society, we would need to know who he is. Albert Einstein's research impacted society in a different way than Sir Issac Newton's did. Research methodology helps in solving a problem in systematic way. To do research, This is relevant to how we think of research. Our concept of research is the idea that we try to understand aspects of the world more clearly, accurately, and predictably by assuming. (i)That there is some kind of order to things, and (ii)That this can be revealed by approaching the world in systematic and reasonable ways.

The present study aimed at determining and comparing antimicrobial and radical scavenging activity of leaf and bark extract of Pimenta dioica (Linn.) Merill (Myrtaceae). Antibacterial activity of extracts was evaluated against six bacteria and two fungi by agar well diffusion assay. Radical scavenging effect of extracts was determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay. Leaf extract was more effective than bark extract against test microbes and the inhibitory effect was dose dependent. Salmonella typhi and Crypotococcus neoformans were highly sensitive to extracts among bacteria and fungi respectively. Extracts have shown dose dependent scavenging of DPPH free radicals. Leaf extract scavenged DPPH radicals more efficiently than bark extract. The bioactivities of leaf and bark extracts observed in this study could be attributed to the presence of bioactive components in the extracts. The plant can be a potent candidate for the development of agents active against pathogens and oxidative stress.

Climatic change is always one of the most important topics in the world and it has significant impacts on ecological and hydrological processes. Understanding of rainfall variability helps in proper planning of agriculture and decision management. In this present study, seasonal forecasting models namely Box Jenkins and Winters additive models were used for the period of 1988 to 2012 in Krishna district and finally, regarding the comparison of error between models, Seasonal ARIMA approach was chosen as the most appropriate method for forecasting and then the monthly rainfall forecast from 2013-2015 years have been investigated by selected ARIMA (1,0,0)(1,1,2)s.

An aptitude is a component of a competency to do a certain kind of work at a certain level, which can also be considered "talent". Aptitudes may be physical or mental. Aptitude is not knowledge, understanding, learned or acquired abilities (skills) or attitude. The innate nature of aptitude is in contrast to achievement, which represents knowledge or ability that is gained. In this research paper an attempt has been made to construct and standardize the ICT Aptitude Test to measure ICT Aptitude of B.Ed. student teachers, as there is no suitable questionnaire available to measure the ICT Aptitude of B.Ed. student teachers.

Multimedia is more effective than a single medium for teaching and learning. It is needed to provide varieties and higher quality of information. Multimedia is not a product but a combination of technologies. The students of the experimental group and control group do not differ significantly in the mean achievement test scores in the pre test and the students of the experimental group and control group differ significantly in the mean achievement test scores in the post test

clustering is a data mining technique used to place data elements into related groups without advance knowledge of data. cluster means grouping of data or dividing a large data set into smaller data sets of similarity. The parts of our body can also be called as cluster, as numerous organs constitute a cluster. Clustering techniques play an important role for class identification, one of the unique example is population calculated in this world. K mean algorithm is the simplest clustering technique and its useful to analyse weather forecast, surface of the earth etc. This paper aims to achieve on obtaining an optimal solution, the k mean algorithm is vividly analysed and tested on variables to obtain a unique optimal solution

we discuss Lord Macaulay Minute of 1835 and educational policy of Lord William Bentinck, which was founded on educational views of Macaulay. This unit deals with wood`s Despatch of 1854.The dispatch is a very important educational document and holds a unique place in the history of Indian education. This despatch gave a new direction to education in India and in a way this direction has its clear to today`s education in the country. The historical events leading to the Despatch, recommendations of the despatch, it`s merits and weaknesses and finally the impact of the dispatch on the education system.

we discuss Lord Macaulay Minute of 1835 and educational policy of Lord William Bentinck, which was founded on educational views of Macaulay. This unit deals with wood`s Despatch of 1854.The dispatch is a very important educational document and holds a unique place in the history of Indian education. This despatch gave a new direction to education in India and in a way this direction has its clear to today`s education in the country. The historical events leading to the Despatch, recommendations of the despatch, it`s merits and weaknesses and finally the impact of the dispatch on the education system.

The architectures of software system confines non functional requirements (NFR), hence the decisions that are taken at the time of creating architectural design have a major impact on resulting system. We have proposed a design methodology for the architecture, which uses an iterative method for evaluating and transforming the software architecture until the NFRs are satisfied. The evaluation is carried out by means of scenarios, reasoning, mathematical modelling and simulation. The transformations are carried out by imposing certain architectural style, design patterns, conversion of NFR to appropriate functionality and distributing the NFR's

The present study on “Primary Education Among the Socially Disadvantage Group” is conducted in the Birbhum district of West Bengal. The sample consisted of 200 children of Birbhum district. The interview data indicates that, most of the children, who belong to ST/SC, OBC and General communities, have high expectation from school authorities regarding facilities they wanted to avail in school, such as adequate library, adequate furniture and equipment, and if possible, laboratories and workshops with reasonable facilities for vocational training like computer application. Yet they lack all the adequate facilities, which they supposed to get from the government.

Employee turnover is a problem faced by most of the sectors and it is also applicable to health sector too. Lack of nurses and nurse turnover represent problems for the healthcare system in terms of cost, the ability to care for patients and the quality of care. At a time of current nursing shortage, it is important to understand the reasons why nurses intend to leave the profession. This study thus focused on the factors influencing intention to quit among the nursing professionals. The data were collected from 180 nurses using an interview schedule. The findings of the study reveal that demographic factors - age, education, monthly income and years of experience influence the level of intention to quit. The level of Job stress, job satisfaction and organization commitment do influence the level of intention to quit among the nurses.

:The tribal culture blooms in the isolated highlands and forest of India. Our anthropologists and development planners take cognizance of the tribal tradition and a way of life lest the overwhelming non-tribal culture swamps their pristine, grass-root culture. The colourful mosaic of tribal culture with their exotic customs and rituals, apparel and adornment, song and dance, will continue to attract the scholar of various disciplines. The poets and novelists, too, find the tribal culture romantic. Economic development of tribal population, without cultural oppression or giving offence to their heritage or ethos will remain a challenging task for years to come. The advent of the industrial revolution and consequent urban exploitation particularly in the tribal belt of middle India, make the situatiion more complicated. The political awakening, renewed with the election to local bodies and state and central legislatures is giving a new dimension to tribal polity. The impact is being on the political and administrative power centres. The tribal culture of India is moulding itself, slowly but steadily, to find its niche in the national mainstream of culture.

:The present study was aimed to investigate the reasons for inconsistent findings concerning birth-order effects on adjustment levels among alone born and first born childeren. A total of 100 under graduate students were taken as study sample from Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, of which 50 were alone born and 50 were first born constituting two groups. Bell adjustment inventory prepared by Raj Kumar Ojha was administered to measure their adjustment levels consisting the dimensions of home, social, emotional and health. The mean scores of alone born and first born in respective dimensions were worked out. Student t-test was applied to study the statistical significant difference among the mean scores of both the groups. Results indicated that there exists a significantly higher adjustment levels in the dimensions of home, social, emotional and health in alone born in comparison to first born children. However the first born children were having higher health adjustment scores. On the basis of these findings it may be concluded that first born were highly adjusted when compared to alone born and proves it that birth order has definite effects on adjustment capacities of the children.

Speedy trial is the essence of criminal justice and delay constitutes denial of it. While on one hand, reasonably expeditious trial is an integral and essential part of the fundamental right to life and liberty enshrined in Article 21 of the Constitution of India. The public interest also demands that criminal justice should be swift and sure. The guilty should be punished while events are still fresh in public mind and that the innocent should be absolved as early as is consistent with a fair and impartial trial. Section 309 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (in short “the Code”) mandates that in every trial the proceedings should be held as expeditiously as possible, and in particular when the examination of witnesses has once begun, the same should be continued from day to day until all the witnesses in attendance have been examined, unless the Court finds the adjournment of the same by the following day to be necessary for reason to be recorded.

Traditional knowledge is an important element of the intellectual and cultural heritage of indigenous peoples in India.Indian has taken major step regarding traditional knowledge by developing TKDL, to protect traditional knowledge form misappropriation in India and it has also done wonderful effort in this direction.This paper discusses bio-piracy of Traditional Knowledge and various aspects of TKDL including its role in the preservation, protection anddissemination of traditional knowledge

-Anxiety is a negative emotional state which is characterized by worry and apprehension. The purpose of the present study was to compare the level of anxiety between male and female inter-collegiate badminton players of Manipur. Forty (40) badminton players (male = 20, female = 20) who represented in the inter-collegiate badminton tournament by the Manipur University, Canchipur were taken as the subjects. The age of the subjects ranged from 17 to 28 years. To find out their level of anxiety, Sports Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) developed by Martens (1977) was administered on the subjects. 't' test was used to analyze the data. Results of the study revealed no significant difference exist between male and female inter-collegiate badminton players of Manipur with regard to anxiety.

Education is the nourishment of the mind with knowledge this is practiced purposefully and productively. Education disciplines the mind, sharpens the intellect and refines the spirit. It's the development of integrated personality that unfolds itself to the highest wisdom. It's a continuous process. Higher education has a critical role to play particularly in the developing countries in the context of globalization and emphasis on market driven economies. Contributions of higher education to the nations' human resource development take many forms: training to middle and higher level professional, technical and managerial staff; creation of new knowledge through research and scientific study, training and dissemination, forgoing a cultural identify and fostering democratic processes by encouraging independent ideas and informed opinions. Broadly speaking, knowledge which is imparted through Higher Education provides skills to its practitioners. When discussing career options with the emphasis needs to be placed more on what they are interested in and what they enjoy rather than the job opportunities. It is at least possible that working women may also be learning valuable skills, accumulating experience, bringing in resources, establishing independence, supporting their family, enhancing their confidence and rising labour productivity. The estimated type of employment and level of education co-efficient of linear function indicated that level will increase by increasing in income. Adjusted R2 value implies that according to linear function 41. 9 per cent of change in earnings function is give to increase income.The result that there is significant relation between income and type of employment and level of education is proved.

To compete in a global environment, it is necessary for India to innovate & promote creativity which needs to protect and utilize the Intellectual Property created out of public funded R&D, in which Government has invested large funds. It is the responsibility of Universities, to encourage students, faculty to innovate and such innovations can be utilized for raising financial resources of these establishments, through royalties or income which will minimize dependence of universities, institutions. Further the duplication of research shall be minimized i.e. both industry scientist & academic scholars are working on same problem but they there is confusion in approaching to the industry. Hence there is need to attracting Industry to campus by different activities like internships, establishment of Council for Industry, set up joint governing bodies or academia industry cell, guest lectures, seminars by industry professionals, curriculum developments, joint research projects, mandatory Summer / winter in-plant training for one month during the all year of Graduation & Post Graduation, overhaul of the Apprentice Act, to prepare central database / website of field wise Industrial problems / projects in which any industry can enter their problems/research work and any Institutes who are interested can collaborate with the company for the research

Gramdan(village-gift) an offshoot of Bhoodan programme which created great excitement and curiosity among the people in the country in mid-fifties of the last century was a voluntary non-official movement. The Bhoodan movement originally conceived and started by Acharya Vinoba Bhave passed through several stages. Beginning with an appeal for gifts of portions of land, it took the form of a movement asking for one-sixth share in holdings and then widened into Gramdan calling for complete surrender of property rights in land in favour of village community. The programme gave a new spurt to the waning Bhoodan movement in the sixties and showed promising signs of success in certain pockets of the country especially in the district of Koraput of Odisha. However this programme too like the earlier Bhodan programme could not sustain its momentum in the long run and became a neglected activity towards the seventies, thus faded from the public concern. This paper intends to examine the progress of the movement in the country so as to assess its efficacy and potentiality in solving one of the basic problems afflicting Indian society, the land problem, through voluntary action involving the masses

Identifying the scope of Turnaround Management for overcoming organizational distress, facing and confronting unique management challenges and environmental crisis. Turnarounds are no longer special cases but an altogether familiar part of business life. In recent years, the corporate sick list has included big names like Continental Bank, Bank of America, International Harvester, Braniff etc. to come out of their crises companies have followed different management techniques, companies like Chrysler, A&P and Wickes have recovered by practicing Turnaround management and others are on the road back. It involves management review, activity, and SWOT analysis to determine why the company is failing. The best way of exercising Turnaround Management is restructuring the ailing unit in strategic, operational and financial areas. For restructuring ailing unit Turnaround specialists are hired and they are given complete charge to Turnaround company practices

Geoinformatics technology is the synergy of multiple disciplines like GIS, Remote Sensing, GPS, Cartography, Photogrammetry and Geodesy. Geographic information system deals with spatial and non-spatial data, their methods of acquisition, management, analysis, display and dissemination. GIS and remote sensing techniques have opened up wide range of avenues for effective urban planning and management. The urban area facing various problems, it is needed to solve these problems. The remote sensing and GIS can be used in the school planning, road network, shortest path analysis, solid waste management, slum planning and crime analysis etc.

In the present scenario, technology is the backbone of all organizations. Electronic communication is not merely an enhancement to business processes but an essential tool, regardless of whether it is a profit making or non-profit making organization. This research will focus on students information via Integrated Learning Environment. In its simple form it is an electronic communication tool but it can also be used as multimedia learning facility for students. Ideas, thoughts, views can be shared between teachers and students and shared between peers, while teaching learning process.

-Psychodynamics, in general, is a branch of social psychology that deals with the interaction of various conscious and unconscious mental or emotional processes, especially as they influence personality, behavior and attitudes. Psychodynamics is also known as dynamic psychology. The branch owes its origin to the book, Lectures on Psychology by German physiologist, Ernst von Brucke published in 1874.

Rumen fluid samples were collected to study the taxonomy of rumen ciliate protozoa belonging to genus Isotricha, from stomach of adult domestic buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). The present paper deals with the morphology of two species of Isotricha Isotricha prostoma and Isotricha intestinalis (Stein, 1859). Their body measurements, frequency distribution, variation of characters are recorded, Critical Comments are made on their specific identity, The observation are based on study of 50 specimens taken at random from different samples, I.prostoma is a large size species having the longitudinal ciliary rows with a large, elongated macronucleus, and the cytostome located anteriorly, I.intestinalis is oval in shape and large in size with longitudinal rows of cilia and large oval macronucleus; the cytostome located at the lateral side

Anita Desai, in her novels, primarily concentrates on the cries of modern woman in this male-dominated society. According to her, men are apt to be rational and women are sentimental and emotional. In her views, the women, who, as chief protagonists, suffer in a meticulous world dominated by men, who in the guise of father, brother or husband, present a constant threat to their integrity and intuition. Maya, in Cry, the Peacock, represents a class of women who silently suffer at the hands of men.

Inequality of educational opportunities is a reality in India for generation. In the traditional Caste system in education was the prerogative of the upper castes. The British policy of providing education and that too English education to elite resulted in directed neglect of mass education. In view of this various positive measures have been instituted within the educational system in India after independence for enabling the members of the scheduled caste to improve their educational status.

Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede) is a seasonal breeder with a single breeding peak in a year which extends from late July to September. Plasma calcium and stanniocalcin levels were determined throughout the reproductive cycle. The level of both plasma calcium and stanniocalcin increases during advanced maturation phase with simultaneous increses in gonadosomatic index reaching the peak during spawning phase. It gradually decreases after spawning and significantly reduced during postspawning and resting phase. Histochemical analysis also indicates the seasonal variation in the activity of the gland, corpuscles of Stannius (CS) with respect to the reproductive cycle. CS exhibit signs of hyperactivity during prespawning and spawning phase however its reduced activity during post spawning phase and almost inactivity were noted during spent phase. 17-â estradiol administration for 10 days also induced hypercalcemia in female M. armatus fed with calcium deficient food. An increased level of stanniocalcin in 17-â estradiol treated fish reflects the hyperactivity of CS. Therefore it can be concluded that hyperactivity of CS is due to elevated calcium level through extra intestinal routes that accompanied ovarian maturation. Stanniocalcin from hyperactive CS reduces the increasing level of plasma calcium in the fish.

Improvement in standard of living has remained the main objective of urban local bodies. The most commonly and extensively used measure of economic development is the GDP. At individual level per capita income is crudely used to reflect the standard of living which in turn determines per capita consumption. This per capita consumption, if extrapolated to the slum level, we can derive a systematic indexing technique which will help us to understand the development levels of urban slums. In this paper we attempted to develop a composite index of development of slums which will mitigate the tasks of government and other public bodies to understand their development to take the appropriate measures

The history of Indian Freedom Movement would be incomplete without mentioning the contributions of women. The sacrifices made by the women of India will occupy the foremost place. They fought with true spirit and undaunted courage and faced various tortures, exploitations and hardships to earn us freedom.

In student centered learning, the learning is active learning. The importance is given to understanding and not rote learning. The student is responsible and accountable for his/her own learning. At the same time, the learner is getting more autonomy. As it involves group work, there is lots of interdependence of learners among themselves and also between teacher and learner. There is participation of learner in all activities. The teacher is facilitator and monitors development and growth of learner. Teacher is resource person. Here, affective and cognitive domains are developed at the same time. The learning becomes enjoyable experience for learner. In this paper, the author has tried to give clear understanding of concept of Student Centered Learning and has explained some activities for student centered classroom

Literacy is one of the sensitive indicators of progress for empowerment of population. Literacy is essential for eradicating poverty and mental isolation for cultivating peaceful and friendly international relations and for permitting the free play of demographic process (Chandna, 1980). Literacy is an important indicator of the socio-economic development. A developing country like India is not only characterized by low level of literacy but also high disparity in literacy rates between male-female and rural-urban (Chandana, 1989).

The bioinoculation effect of different bioformulations, viz.,vegetative cell application, co-inoculation and co-aggregates application, of efficient PGPR cells viz., Methylobacterium (MB-5) and Rhizobium sp. (RM-5), together with challenge inoculation of Sclerotium rolfsii on the induction of induced systemic resistance (ISR) in groundnut-Sclerotium rolfsii pathosystem was studied under pot culture condition with groundnut cv.JL-24. It was observed that the application of, Methylobacterium e and Rhizobium, as co-aggregates, positively altered the biochemical and physiological parameters viz., reducing and non-reducing sugars, total and OD phenol content and defense enzymes activities, such as, peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), of groundnut plant to the highest level followed by co-inoculation and single strain inoculation treatment. The application of PGPR cells, as co-aggregates, was found to augment the total and OD phenol content and defense enzyme activities, such as, PO and PPO content of groundnut plant to a higher level whereas a reduction in reducing and non-reducing sugar level was recorded, which ultimately lead to a reduction in Sclerotium rolfsii incidence in rainfed groundnut. It has been postulated that the EPS biosynthesis of PGPR cells during coaggregation processes, might act as an elicitor for the enhancement of ISR in groundnut-Sclerotium rolfsii pathosystem whereas application the vegetative cell and co-inoculation formulations, without any involvement of EPS, responded poorly for the enhancement of ISR in the same pathosystem. This is the first comprehensive report on the positive role of bacterial EPS, as a determinant of ISR, in groundnut-Sclerotium rolfsii pathosytem.

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The antipyretic activities of two marine sponges, Axinelladonnani and Clathriaprocera were evaluated. The methylene chloride extracts of both sponges at the concentration of 100mg and 200mg/kg po decreased the yeast induced pyrexia raised body temperature in adult wistar albino rats which was compared with paracetamol. The crude methylene chloride extracts of both sponges showed dose dependent and significant ( p< 0.05 ) antipyretic activity.

The budding organized dairy sector of India trace many challenges for both the new entrants branded milk and milk products as well as the existing branded milk and milk products, now they are in position to discriminate themselves from the competitor to gain the customer trust and loyalty. Branding is consider as one of the significant way in set up and preserves competitive advantage by most of the companies in various industries. Previously the focal point of the marketers was narrow to the marketing mix elements to build up competitive edge over their counterparts. The paradigm shift in marketing highlights the value of brand building. The dairy sector provides the nutrient products range to the consumer. Now a day’s consumer are very health consciousness the leads the consumer to consume branded milk and milk products for their and family health. In this scenario establishing and communicating a brand may be harder for and brand building is harder for the marketer but it is essential for their sustainability. The present study focuses on brand building strategies in dairy sector. This paper highlights the various brand building strategies need to be adopted in the dairy industry

In present scenario, the banking sector acts as the catalyst for the country’s economy by playing a crucial role in providing financial resources (capital-intensive sectors) .In emerging economies, banks are more than mere agents of financial intermediation with additional responsibility of achieving the government’s social agenda also. The issue of NPA acceleration is giving jolt to banking sector particularly in Countries like India where Gross NPA levels in the Indian banking system will reach an unparalleled 4.4 per cent in March 2014 compared with 2.09 per cent in 2008-09. A high level of NPAs shows large number of credit defaults in turn affect the profitability, liquidity and net-worth of banks and also erodes the value of the asset. In case of Public sector banks, it has displayed outstanding financial operations. However, the only problem of these banks is the increasing level of nonperforming assets, year by year. Present study focuses on the NPA and its effect on stock’s value in the Indian banking industry. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of commercial banks etc. but this paper considers the aggregate data of public sector banks and attempts to emphasize NPA’s impact on fundamental value from the year FY2011 -FY2015.

Nowadays employee engagement has become a necessity one. However, employee engagement has rarely been studied on the library professionals. Prolonged reaction of Job burnout will be leading to pave the way for non productivity environment. In this research major factors that keep hold to revival of employee engagement to library professionals in private educational institutions were identified. This study is a descriptive in nature. Primary data collected with the help of structured questionnaire which is administrated among librarian, assistant librarians working in Self financing Engineering Colleges in Tiruchirappalli District Tamilnadu . Method adopted to collect the data is convenient sampling. Sample size is 85 respondents from 30 colleges and it was used for analysis after deletion of biased and non responsive questionnaires. Using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) some of the relevant statistical tools were used such as 1) Factor Analysis 2) Multiple Regression and 3) Reliability test. Based on the test results some of the findings were derived that will be relevant to present Indian scenario.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the capability of the oral contraceptive drug "Triocept" (0.05mg levonorgestrel + 0.03mg ethinylestradiol) in inducing primary genetic damages in human chromosome by analyzing the in vitro induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and clastogenic activity by chromosomal abnormalities in human lymphocyte culture. Five different Triocept concentrations that correspond to 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 folds of the daily therapeutic dose (DTD) were used. Bromodeoxyuridine substituted DNA was stained by Florescence plus Giemsa (FPG) technique. The results showed that the SCE averages were increased by increasing the Triocept concentration, and gave significant differences not only, between control and the concentrations, but also between concentrations themselves. On the other hand, the results indicated that, there were four main different types of chromosomal aberrations (stickiness, fragments, deletions and polyploidy). The total aberrant metaphase percentages (5.5, 11.5, 30.2, 42.5 and 89.6%) were increased by increasing the drug concentrations, and stickiness proven was to be the highest percentages (4.5, 6.5, 18.2, 22.5 and 45.6%). This increased of chromosomal aberrations with the high concentrations of the drug gaveevidence that the tested drug is effective in interfering with spindle fibers and/or spindle formation. In conclusion, the results suggested that the contraceptive drug "Triocept" is capable to cause primary damage in genetic material according to its dose, so it is recommended that low dose oral Trioceptmight be used under medical supervision.

Akbar was however the first among the Monarchs of medieval India who raised the policy of religious toleration to the pinnacle of Secularism. His state policy was not mere Sentiments and Platitudes.

Women by virtue of physical limitations and the social imbalance remained weaker sex for many generations. Social reformist like Rajaram Mohan Roy and Mahathma Gandhi etc. had their own course of action to eradicate these evil elements and to improve the status of women in the society. The reformist, identify several issues but take on one by one, depending upon the prioritization of the era and region; the issues, at times get fully resolved but many a times not so. They appear to be resolved but pop-up as and when the social justice tends to relax. One such issue, which (constantly) is disturbing and attracting the attention of the authorities and the reformist,is the social injustice to women

The study deals with the employee rewards & recognition. Its analyses the rewards & recognitions programs followed by the organizations. It is an empirical study .The relationship between the demographical variables of age, gender and experience and rewards and recognition program was analyzed. The statistical tools such as chi-square test ,co-relation test was performed on the data.The statistical analysis showed that there is an significant relationship between the gender ,age & experience and rewards & recognition programs followed by the organizations.

Region-wise professional adjustment status of teachers was examined by the investigator on a sample of 792 teachers. Teachers have been classified into two categories viz. Rural and Urban. To evaluate the status of professional adjustment of teachers, a tool viz. "Manual on Teachers Professional Adjustment" was used which was prepared and standardized by the investigator. The reliability and validity of the tool were found 0.89 and 0.66 respectively. On the basis of percentile rank and professional adjustment scores, professional adjustment status of teachers have been classified into three levels viz. well-adjusted, average-adjusted low-adjusted. Analysis of data was done by t-test and test through SPSS version 13.0 and Prism 3.0. This study reveals that there is no significant difference between professional adjustment of Rural and Urban teachers.

Solutions to the problems related to English Language teaching has been a topic of research and discussion world over which paves way for innovative solutions and novel ways of experimentation. Since language itself is going through changes and adaptations it’s obvious that the process of searching for solutions to effective, innovative and result oriented teaching and learning the language also must be pragmatic and learner centric. English Language teaching is becoming a challenging task for the teacher especially when the orientation is meant for the students of other languages. What can a language teacher do when there are multitudes of problems to deal with? Since identifying the problem is the first step towards solving them. Once we identify all the stumbling blocks in achieving our target of making the students learn English, a brain storming for problem solving is going to bring out a number of solutions.

“Social capital refers to features of social organization, such as networks, norms, and trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit” (Putnam 1993, pp.35). Educational institutions are highly clutched in the social mesh. And here, social capital has been considered a kind of door – way to the development of the individuals working in institutions. This conceptual paper will discuss the relationship of social capital and of personnel of educational institution regardless to any particular educational level. And Robert Putnam’s theory will be followed to develop a general conceptual framework, in order to identify the benefits of social capital to the personnel of educational institutions.

Women have as important a role as men to play in the development of mankind. But it has been a policy on our male-centric society to deny women every possible right she is entitled to make her own. The plight of Kadugolla women is no different from this and added to this she is facing problems related to the age old and evil customs of her community. This article wishes to highlight the problems faced by the Kadugolla women in particular and to suggest ways of uplifting these women and to empower them so that they form a part of the mainstream of society.

Rural women faced a number of problems working against more participation in IGAs. Seventeen root causes were identified by using ranked constant index to the end problem ‘low participation in IGAs’. Among the root causes, insufficient money was the most crucial barrier followed by lack of appropriate IGAs, small homestead land and inadequate training facilities as the main aspects. Selection of IGAs considering local resources, ability and demand in the society may also improve rural women’s participation in IGAs. In addition, IGA basic training and education, improvement of marketing facilities, price assurance, and better transport facilities may be beneficial to the rural women. The constraints index (CI) analysis shows that overall 74% of the rural women faced medium constraints to participate in IGAs. Rural women identified a total of seventeen root causes hindering their participate in IGAs, and major causes are insufficient money, lack of appropriate IGAs, small homestead land, inadequate training facilities, high price of inputs, lack of marketing channels, poor transport facilities, and less cooperation from the family.

Quality education is not possible without self-efficacious and motivated teachers. Therefore, it has become very important to understand teachers' perceptions and beliefs about their selves. Teacher motivation depends upon their self-efficacy beliefs. The research undertaken studies the relationship of self-efficacy with motivation. Descriptive survey method was used. A sample of 1000 secondary school teachers from six districts of Punjab was drawn for the study. Teacher Self-efficacy Scale by Ralf Schwarzer, Gerdamarie S. Schmitz and Gary T. Daytner (1999) and ULNs Teacher Motivation Scale constructed by UL Narayan (1986) and standardized by Rao (2008) were used to collect the data. Significant relationship was found between self-efficacy and motivation of secondary school teachers.

Bioethanol production from lignocelluloses is one of the emerging topics worldwide due to limited sources of fossil fuel and associated environmental problems like global warming and climate change. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) with 10% lignin and 65% holocellulose content , is a fast growing aquatic plant exists all over the world. It is a low cost, renewable and a potential source of lignocellulosic feed stock for bioethanol production. In the present work, acid saccharification carried out at optimum condition of temperature (120°C), acid concentration (2% v/v), biomass loading (1:10 w/v) and time (60 min) yielded 280±11.2 mg/g of total sugars. Further, enzymatic saccharification of remaining substrate under optimum conditions of temperature 50°C, 150 rpm, biomass loading (1: 5), surfactant concentration (Triton) 0.1% and enzyme accelerase 1500 yielded 340±13.8 mg/g of total sugars. The combined hydrolysis (acid and enzyme) of water hyacinth under optimized conditions resulted in 95.4% of hydrolysis

Empowerment is the process by which the disempowered people can change their circumstances and begin to have control over their lives. It results in a change in the balance of power, in the living conditions and in the relationships. The data and indicators in this paper show the changes and growth in political participation of women through which they can empower.

The business to customer (B2C) segment in the ecommerce world in India is undergoing major transformation changes. The focus has shifted from offline to online retailing, bringing greater consumer benefits such as competitive pricing, consumer ratings, quality product information and customer support. But online retailing is still a miniscule of the overall retailing market in India. Also, in both these formats customers experience a channel but not a brand. The need is shifting gears towards a hybrid model where customers can access the product through multiple channels such as physical stores, website, smart phone, kiosks etc. The purpose of the article is to analyse the core strengths of online and offline retailing, and develop a hybrid model that enables the hybrid model to be accessed by a larger set of consumers while providing higher consumer benefits.

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Human rights are rights and freedoms that belong to all individuals regardless of their nationality and citizenship. They are fundamentally important in maintaining a fair and civilized society. In India and other countries in South Asia, people have been systematically discriminated against on the basis of their work and descent for centuries. Over 200 million people are Dalits, also known as untouchables or outcasts. They experience violence, discrimination, and social exclusion on a daily basis. Economic growth in India has been strong over the past decade. However, the caste disparities are increasing.

hravanabelagola is a Jain pilgrim destination located in the Hasasan District of Karnataka state. Southern India, at an attitude of about 3350 feet above sea level.Shravanabelagola is the seat of the ancient BhattarakaMatha, belonging to the Desiyagana lineage of MulaSangh, from the Digambara Monastic tradition. This paper revealed that historical prospective of Shravanabelagola.

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of emotional intelligence on emotional self efficacy of boarding school students. The data were collected from 80 secondary school students from a private boarding school in Ooty. The mentioned parameters were assessed by Emotional Intelligence Scale by Schutte et al. (1998) and Self Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C) devised by Peter Muris (2001).The results envisaged a significant positive relationship between the emotional intelligence and emotional self efficacy (0.41**). Furthermore, it is concluded that there was no significant differences found in gender with the emotional intelligence and emotional self efficacy among the boarding school students

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Lonar Crater (19o58’N and 76o31’E) Lake is the third largest natural salt-water lake in the world. Lonar Crater is a wet land which is important biodiversity sector. The lake brine supports typical microbial flora and fauna need to be investigated to access its value of wet-land to be recognized as Ramsar Site of India. During the study period Seven different chemical Parameter were studied, Total Iron, Soluble Iron, Ferric Iron, Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrates, Total Organic Nitrogen, Total Phosphate, Sulphates and Silicates. The crater physical setup, its relative Geographical and Ecological isolation evolve Limnological status in a unique way. Its unusual and climatic isolation highlights the ecosystem as an ecological wonder.

Nuisance struggle in contemporary market provides an organization to overwhelm the competitors by looking out for an mixed bag of strategy, So many organizations purposefully in implementing e recruitment for their growth and sustainability, to source right person for right time with right cost. The superiority of real-time communication over the Internet is an reason why e recruitment become the main platform for HR Professionals. The purpose of the study is to learn the Factors influencing in Adoption of E-Recruitment by HR Professionals. Management of human resource in an organization cannot work smoothly if it’s not electronically adopted properly. Thus, following the archival research method this study investigates the factors that influence in adoption of E-Recruitment by HR Professionals.

The aim of the study was to investigated the relationship of performance ability to the selected anthropometric characteristics of national junior discuss throwers. Fifteen male national junior discuss thrower were selected as a subjects for this study. There was age ranged 12-16 years. Result revealed that Table 1 revealed that five anthropometric characteristics have significant relationship with performance ability of discuss throwers. These are weight = 0.642, arm length= 0.553, upper arm girth = 0.675, lower arm girth =0. 712 and chest circumference = 0.633, they are the more than the table value= 0.514 at 0.05 level of significance. Other anthropometric characteristics standing height= 0.292, leg length= -0.186, hip width= 0.411 and thigh girth= -0.463 have insignificant relationship with performance ability of discuss throwers at 0.05 level of significance.

The present study examines weather emotional competence makes a unique contribution towards school children’s adjustment. Sample for the study consists of 100 school children who belong to 9th to 10th grade. The sample consists of 50 boys and 50 girls, between 14 and 15 age of years.

Primary teachers are the base of the education as they prepare the pupils for higher studies. They need to work hard to let the children understand the basics of education and for this they themselves needs to be indulged with creativity, self concepts etc. Authors have evaluated quality of PTC trainees with present investigation which make use of Carl pearson method for the identification of relationship and it was observed that both male and female candidates have positive relationship with r value 0.76 and 0.78. It shows that creativity and anxiety of male and female trainees of urban area are equally proportional and closely related to each other.

Internal corporate social responsibility plays an important role; the understanding of this phenomenon has been neglected. Today Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become one of the most important tools in Human Resource Management (HRM). This paper intends to contribute to fill this gap by looking into the relation between CSR and employees job satisfaction. Interviews were taken from employees in private companies of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Thispaper shows that there are CSR practices are positively associated with job satisfaction which in result makes the workers more motivated and committed towards the organization. Further paper also provides the suggestions to utilize the CSR strategies that will improve the employee morale, and job satisfaction. Although this paperalso suggest that companies tolook at their CSR strategy in a holistic approach, i.e. internal and external. Further, Corporate responsibility practices, satisfied and committed employees together can create competitive advantage for a business with growth and profitability.

The focus of the companies has shifted from product centric approach to the customer centric approach now. The customers are an important part of any marketing process and hence it is important for every customer centric organisation to engage the customers at any stage of the marketing irrespective of the level at which the organisation is currently at. As the companies have started engaging the customers, they are also encountering difficulties in applying the strategies to engage their customers as they deal with different situations. Since the concept of customer engagement is burgeoning, the nascent stage of this idea has led to emergence of developing various models of customer engagement.

In this paper we study about the concept of education in a democratic.

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Private sector Banks seem to have satisfied its customers with good services and they have been successful in retaining their customers by providing better facilities than Public sector Banks. But, still Private Banks need to go a long way to become customer’s first preference. In an economy of innovative technologies and changing markets, each and every service quality variable has become important. New financial products and services have to be continuously introduced in order to stay competent and Private Banks need to concentrate more on their credit facilities and insurance services since customers do not have a very good opinion about these facilities being offered by Private Banks also Public sector banks enjoy the trust of the customers, which they have been leveraging to stay in the race however they need to improve their service quality by improving their physical facility, infrastructure and giving proper soft skill trainings to their employees. In order to survive in this competitive environment and provide continual customer satisfaction, the banking services providers are required to frequently increase the quality of services.

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?????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???. ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? , “ ???????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????

School education has begin- ning in different learning way and its Important to develop concept attainment model from develo- pment stage. Education get influence from teaching and learning process according to some theories accepted and not accepted to develop personality from education. The school planning is depends upon cognitive step of Benjamin bloom. It means tereonomy at Betjeman bloom. There are some social events are integrated in the society social culture and traditional accepted society is no long before. Because of all cultural activities happening in different way in the society.

Taking a thought from one methodology and another thought from another way to deal with structure our own particular advising strategy is what is frequently done. The established ways to deal with guiding

The Right to Education Act (RTE) came into action on 1st April, 2010 has made free and compulsory education a fundamental right of every child in the age group of 6 to 14 years. As per Section 12(1) of the Act, each school is to admit children belonging to EWS from within its neighborhood.. This particular provision deals the issue of Quality of Education, Choice of School in Education system etc in the forefront. Opportunity to thousand children will inculcate the aspirations among million more parents to demand similar opportunities of Quality Education and Choice of School for their children. This provision of the act has the capability to bring about a reform in the present Education system which has been ignoring the underprivileged children of the society. This provision of the act requires deeper scrutiny on their nuances and the manner in which they are to be implemented: How will eligible children be selected in the schools under this reservation policy? How will all private schools be reimbursed for their expenditure? What additional provisions exist under this rule of the RTE Act for children falling in these categories? The present paper discusses the status of its implementation so far. It also discusses the issues and concerns in the fair, effective and transparent implementation of 25% reservation policy in private schools as per RTE act.

The purpose of this study was to determine the kinematics of the block start of inter university athletes. The subjects were 05 athletes from All India University Athletics Championship. The subjects were ranging from 18 – 24 years of age. Kinematic variables were angle of wrist joint, shoulder joint, hip joint, knee joint and ankle joint and other kinematic variables were height of center of gravity. Cinematography techniques were used in order to register and analyze the performance. The data for the other variables were obtained by using the standard procedures. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (r) was calculated for assessing the relationship of performance and angle of the leaving block with the surface kinematic variables. Calculation of r = -0.827 which was significant at 0.05 level. Further the Correlation (r) of performance and the leaving block angle were computed for 20 mt, 40 mt, 60 mts and 80 mts. Which were -0.638,-0.584,-0.425,-0.793 and only the significance found at only at 80mts.

Bristle beetle (Mylabris pustulata :Meloidea) is polyphagous pest of many crops and weeds. Ipomea carnea (Besharam) is a fast-growing noxious weed of negligible economic value. However, it possesses polyphenols and alkaloids. It is reported that in Gunacasta Costa Rica insects from more than 40 famalies and 77 generas were observed feeding on extrafloweral nectarines of Ipomea carnea (Besharam) a morning glory plant (Keeler K.H.1978).Ipomoea (Ipomoea carnea, also called I. fistulosa) is among the most dominant and harmful and toxic weeds that have polluted the world’s tropical and sub-tropical regions including India. It is an evergreen, flowering, shrub with height ranging from 1.2 to 5 m and stem diameter between 1.5 and 5 cm.The shrub is branched, all stems of these branches are weak. It was initially used to make fences but has become very widespread due to its hardiness, high reproductive success, and very fast rate of growth. Its uncontrolled colonization of landmasses and shallow wetlands has proved threatening in terms of loss of biodiversity, loss of nutrients from fertile land and other forms of ecodegradation. The weed is so hard and flexible that it is able to successfully resist all attempts to control it by chemical weedicides.Blister beetles (Meloidae) are cosmopolitan in distribution except from New Zealand, Antarctica.

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????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???. ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???, ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ????. ????? ???? ??????? ?????, ???? ???????? ?? ????, ?? ???????? ????. ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????. ???????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????. ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????. ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ????.

The Effect of specific isotonic exercises on abdominal and lower back muscular strength. This study is collected from age group 14 to 16 years boys from Tanwani English School. Researcher has selected 120 samples for this study. Further these 120 samples are randomly classified into three groups namely Experimental group-1(BWG), Experimental group-2(TBG) and Control group with 40 samples in each. The ‘Pre-test Post-test equivalent group design’ is employed to conduct the experiment. Initially The Researcher used two test items i.e. 1) strength of abdominal minus psoas muscle test 2) strength of lower back muscle test from Kraus-Weber Muscular Strength test used for Pre & post test is conducted for Experimental group-1, Experimental group-2 and Control group. Experimental group-1 and Experimental group-2 are exposed body weight exercise and thera band exercise training programmed respectively for six month. Whereas Control group not given any training in this research..

India is the Land of Knowledge and wisdom from the time immemorial even the foreigners visited India to satisfy their intellectual curiosities. The British, French, Portuguese, Chinese, Arabians, Persians, Italians, Greeks, Egyptians and Germans are examples.

Information and communication technologies (ICT) facilitate the process of identification, collection, storing, processing and disseminating of information. The library and information science professionals are utilizing ICT to keep pace with the problem of information explosion. The benefit of instant access to digital information is the most distinguishing attribute of the information age. In this paper, the authors tried to highlight the libraries/information centers in the 21st century, the different components of providing digital information services, and Information and Communication Technology’s role in modernizing libraries. In Bangladesh, the use of ICT is yet to take off. In absence of strong telecommunication the Internet facility is not spread out successfully.

Women empowerment is a debatable subject. At earlier time of Stone Age period, women had equal status and power with that of men. But then they started facing some difficulties during post-Vedic and epic ages. History shows that many a time, women were treated as that of slaves. It was observed that right from the early 20th twenty (national movement), the statuses of women had been changing gradually and this credit goes to the British people. It is only after the Independence of India, under the able leadership of Dr.Ambedkhar, the constitutional makers and national leaders started strongly demanding and also reiterating the equal social position of women with men.

The present study was to examine the effect of distance and position on accuracy among different type of throws i.e. Overarm, Sidearm and Underarm throw. A total of thirty subjects from different sports namely cricket, handball and softball with mean age 20 ± 0.57 years andmean height 167 ± 2.5 cm respectively were selected as a sample for this study. White target board and Nivia light weight ball was used for measurement session. Each subject was provided three chance of each type from the nine configured position, best of three trials was considered as final. For accuracy score the distance was measured in inches from point of hit on the board to the centre of the board. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to find out the effect of position and distance on accuracy.

Introduction Even after 60 years of independence, a large section of Indian population still remains unbanked. This malaise has led generation of financial instability among the lower income group who do not have access to financial products and services. However, in the recent years the government and Reserve Bank of India have been pushing the concept and idea of financial inclusion.

?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????, ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? - ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ???

26 ???????? 1950 ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????????? ???? ? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???????, ??????, ??????, ???????, ??????????,????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????.

Von Neumann algebras, as they are called now, first made their appearance under the name Rings of Operators in a series of seminal papers. The first major result in the subject is the remarkable double commutant theorem, which establishes the equivalence of a purely algebraic requirement to purely topological ones. In this paper an attempt is made to represent some important properties and its applications in relevant field.

Chetan Bhagat, is one among the postmodernists. He is immensely influenced by the political and cultural milieu of post independent India. Cultural fragmentation, colonial and neo-colonial power structures, cultural de-generation, the materialistic off shoots of modern civilization, dying of human relationships, blending of facts and fantasy, search for love and security, diasporas are the core elements in the writings of Chethan Bhagath. He has opened the floodgates for a new movement in Postmodern Indian Writing. While the global literary dwell on the fiction of India‘s past, Chetan Bhagat has become India‘s favorite writer by embracing the present. According to him, the purpose of literature is to raise a mirror to society. Chetan Bhagat, an investment banker turned into a prolific writer and through his writings he always focused on youth, career and issues based on national development with the element of Globalization. He stresses on globalization rather than nationalization. As for India Globalization has become a buzz word after 1991 and day by day this buzzing word is getting louder. It has touched all the domains particularly global aspects of Indian life and experience. Globalization is no longer theoretical concept; it is a glaring reality, impinging upon almost every aspect of human existence. The fast growing cities and the overall urbanization that we have been witnessing across India are the direct effect of Globalization. To make this point clear and possibly encompassing, my paper approaches Bhagath’s fictional works mentioned in the title in a deductive way. First it talks about the aspects of globalization and there after relates them to the works under consideration. Bhagath’s fictions reflect the scene in Globalizing cities in India. In his One Night @ the Call Center, we come across fast growing city structures like Gurgaon where now massive apartments and commercial malls are under construction, where people feel that they are moving through the maze of construction items. The BPO sector rapidly developed in urban India and could create lakhs of jobs by the mid of first decade of 21st century. Bhagath very clearly depicts this Globalized atmosphere in the above cited work.

In this study aims to identified the Risks faced by MSMEs: Evidence from Virudhunagar District. It is found that high capacity to innovate & export, high employment orientation, utilization of locally available human & material resources, high employee turnover, born out of individual initiatives &skills, high propensity to adapt technology, lending and lack of latest technology are highly affect the MSMEs business performance in Virudhunagar District.

Internet enhances women’s economic empowerment, political participation and social inclusion through initiatives that support increased productivity and income generation, mobilization and accountability, as well as improved livelihoods and expansion of services. This research focused on developing an intervention to reduce computer anxiety of home makers. 22 home makers from Thoothukudi who voluntarily attended the computer introductory course were considered as a sample for this study. Findings of the study revealed that computer introductory course prepared by the investigator was very effective in reducing the computer anxiety of home makers.

???????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??, ????????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??????, ????, ??????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????, ???????, ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ???? ? ???????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????

Divorce causes irreparable harm to all involved, but most especially to the children and their education. Though it might be shown to benefit some individuals in some individual cases, over all it causes a temporary decrease in an individual’s quality of educationational life and puts some “on a downward trajectory from which they might never fully recover.”

English is the widely spoken language in the world and it stands out as the most popular language on Earth. “English is being spoken by about 280,000,000 people as a first Language; by some 120,000,000 as a second language and by an unknown about ever increasing number as a foreign Language” (Encyclopedia Britannica, 545). No language, ancient or modern can be compared with “English in the number of geographical distributions of the homes, shops, factories and offices in which the language is spoken , written or read”( F.G.French,1994).

This paper is to deal with Asian American female writer, Amy Tan, and her famous novel The Joy Luck Club. The novel explores the differences between two generations of women, especially when it comes to their relationship with the men in their lives. The world the mothers came from was a world in which women were kept by men, a world in which women had no rights and were considered chattel, there to keep the family lineage alive. The daughters, rebelling against their mother’s traditional and antiquated ways, try to travel in an opposite direction only to find that they end up in relationships that are closer to those of their mothers than they would like to think. It’s a wonderful example of the differences and similarities between parent and child.

The twenty first century witnessed unprecedented rise in the use of technology which has changed the way we see and perceive the flow of information across the globe. One of the most important variables which have facilitated this technological revolution is the emergence of World Wide Web. The emergence of World Wide Web has been central to the development of information age and is one of the most fundamental tools now a days through which people communicate and information is exchanged. There are many platforms through which information is mediated and circulated over the ‘Internet’ and Social Media has emerged as one of the most important platforms over the past decade.

India is a vast repository of medicinal plants that are used in traditional medical treatments. India gave ‘Ayurveda’ the oldest golden book in herbal medicine system. Medicinal plants play a vital role for the development of new drugs. Natural products from plant, animal and minerals have been the basis of the treatment of human disease but plants stood above all. Traditional knowledge can serve as powerful search engine, which will greatly facilitate intentional, focused and safe natural product drug discovery. The art of herbal treatment has very deep roots in Indian culture. Even today in most of the rural areas people are depending on herbal drug systems for primary health care. Blephairs maderaspatensis (L.) B. Heyne ex Roth Roth is reputed medicinal plant belongs to family Acanthaceae, which occur in arid and semi-arid habitats and commonly seen on slopes among rocks, poor gravelly soil on the hills. All the parts of the plant are medicinally useful. Though an important medicinal plant no anatomical data is available for drug characterization. Drug characterization is important to understand purity of the drug. For physical standardization of drug detailed anatomical study has been carried out. Primary structure, secondary structure, vessel elements of root and stem, leaf architecture and trichomes are studied.

Still in India, Renewable energy sector is facing lags or jerk in the path of glorious development compare to other countries. Gov. of India introduced lot of incentive wise and other sectorial scheme to spark in RE development but results are not up the mark due to various reasons. From manufacturing to consumer end installation process, various kind of obstacle effect renewable energy growth. Total renewable energy based energy generation is only around 13-14 % of total installed capacity of India. In this research paper mainly focused on factors which comes in path of renewable energy growth.

Sports are psycho-social activity; Sports have a very important role in modern society. It is important to an individual, a group, a nation and indeed the world. Sports performance is the result and expression of the total personality of the sports man. The sports man is also to achieve high-level performance by concentrating on major areas like physical power, physiological efficiency, psychological development, application of bio-mechanics and environmental adjustments. The word ‘Sports’ occasionally denotes either to a pleasant part time or somewhat hazardous recreation. Today Sports are considered as international discipline as it develops international understanding and universal brotherhood. Sports develop national character and also it provides to fullest self expression to man and it is one of the fundamental needs. “The life is like sport. The lord is the greatest sportsman. He plays without thinking of winning or losing”.

The idea of microfinance was endorsed in the declaration of “Microcredit Summit held at Washington DC in February 1997. The declaration envisages to reach 100 million poorest specially women with credit for self employment and other financial and business services by the year 2005. India proposes to cover 25 million poor families.

Millets are recovered from the Indus Civilization site of Harappa located along the Ravi River. Millets are considered as one of the most important sources of dietary rich in proteins and used as stable food by the working force of the world. India is the largest producer of many kinds of millets, which are often referred as coarse cereals, but the area under millet production has been shrinking over the last five decades. In the present paper an attempt was made to focus the importance of area under millets, the problems and prospects in cultivation in the concern study area. It suggests to recognize millets and to promote their cultivation and consumption. If the government works determinedly and helps the farmers to cultivate millets, the country will be able to produce more millets and more fodder to the millions of cattle population of India. A massive educational and promotional programme on millets will improve the area of cultivation of these crops

One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a hypothesis-testing technique used to test the equality of two or more population (or treatment) means by examining the variances of samples that are taken. The aims of hypothesis testing is to determine the likelihood that a population parameter, such as the mean, is likely to be true. Hypothesis testing or significance testing is a method for testing a claim or hypothesis about a parameter in a population, using data measured in a sample. In this method, we test some hypothesis by determining the likelihood that a sample statistic could have been selected, if the hypothesis regarding the population parameter were true. The method of hypothesis testing can be summarized in four steps. First is, to begin, we identify a hypothesis or claim that we feel should be tested. Second, select a criterion upon which we decide that the claim being tested is true or not. Third, select a random sample from the population and measure the sample mean. Finally, Compare what we observe in the sample to what we expect to observe if the claim we are testing is true I, concluded that, hypothesis is one of the fundamental tools for research in any kind of investigation.

Social enterprises are the organizations which aim their efforts toward improving the general welfare of society and they apply market-based strategies to achieve a social purpose. The movement includes both non-profit and for-profit organizations with non-profit organizations using business models to pursue their mission and for-profit organizations incorporating a social agenda into their business model.

Human activities influence the climate to be changed which possess risks for the entire humanity. Climate change has effect on many components of environment and livelihood systems. Out of all one of important component is water which being affected by climate change greatly affects the livelihood system. A study was conducted to collect the data regarding the impact of climate change on the vulnerability status of Garhwal Himalaya in respect to water accessibility.

For the development of family, community, region and country women play an important role. So it is very necessary to make women socially and economically strong and capable according to their interest areas. Self help Group play an important role in the society of rural and remote areas and perform various kinds of activities in the development of society through awareness among the local people with the help of local citizens.

The study of various Physico-chemical parameters of Upper Morna Reservoir situated in Medshi, Washim district, Maharashtra was carried out for the period of two years i. e. From January 2012 to December 2013. Water samples were collected from four different sites named S1, S2, S3, and S4. Physico-chemical parameters such as Color, Water temperature, Turbidity, PH, DO, Carbon Dioxide, Alkalinity, Hardness, Chloride, Phosphate, Nitrates were analyzed monthly. By comparing four different sites, significant seasonal variation was observed during the study of various parameters. The results indicated that all the parameters were within the permissible limit hence the reservoir water can be used for irrigation, domestic and also for culturing fishes.

Primary education is priority area in Karnataka and for this purpose, the Government of Karnataka has initiated many of the schemes to promote primary and higher primary education to all children between 6 to 14 years. Zilla Panchayats at different districts are looking after and monitoring these schemes for the educational development of the respective district. Gulbarga district is backward in Hyderabad-Karnataka region and Zilla Panchayat is playing significant role in educational development in the Gulbarga district. The paper presented the educational activities and developments achieved in Gulbarga district and contributions in terms of financial assistance made by Gulbarga Zilla Panchayat.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the capability of the oral contraceptive drug "Triocept" (0.05mg levonorgestrel + 0.03mg ethinylestradiol) in inducing primary genetic damages in human chromosome by analyzing the in vitro induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and clastogenic activity by chromosomal abnormalities in human lymphocyte culture. Five different Triocept concentrations that correspond to 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 folds of the daily therapeutic dose (DTD) were used. Bromodeoxyuridine substituted DNA was stained by Florescence plus Giemsa (FPG) technique. The results showed that the SCE averages were increased by increasing the Triocept concentration, and gave significant differences not only, between control and the concentrations, but also between concentrations themselves. On the other hand, the results indicated that, there were four main different types of chromosomal aberrations (stickiness, fragments, deletions and polyploidy). The total aberrant metaphase percentages (5.5, 11.5, 30.2, 42.5 and 89.6%) were increased by increasing the drug concentrations, and stickiness proven was to be the highest percentages (4.5, 6.5, 18.2, 22.5 and 45.6%). This increased of chromosomal aberrations with the high concentrations of the drug gaveevidence that the tested drug is effective in interfering with spindle fibers and/or spindle formation. In conclusion, the results suggested that the contraceptive drug "Triocept" is capable to cause primary damage in genetic material according to its dose, so it is recommended that low dose oral Trioceptmight be used under medical supervision.

Women constitute nearly one half of the world’s population having enormous potential but being underutilized for the economic development of the nation. Indian situation is not an exception for this. In India, have women have remained as a neglected section of work force. They are not considered on par with men. Women are lagging behind men mainly because of the relative absence of economic opportunities and minimal participation in decision making process. Women’s access to land ownership is extremely limited. Educational backwardness is another major reason why women are lagging behind men.01 In recent years, SHGs have become a significant movement in India. The Self-Help Group (SHG) movement in India has been working in the right direction in empowering women and eradicating poverty in the rural and urban areas. Many women in India strongly believe in the movement and hold it responsible for improving their livelihoods. The present study is an attempt to analyze the “Women empowerment through SHGs - A panoramic view of status of women in Kalabuaragi”

Women Empowerment is defined as the process in which their spiritual ,Political, Economic or social Status is raised. It also includes the Right to take their own decisions, also have wide choices , firmness while taking collective decisions, the right to raise their level of confidence regarding their own capabilities. Empowerment is the process of obtaining basic opportunities for marginalized people, either directly by those people, or through the help of non-marginalized others who share their own access to these opportunities. Women Empowerment is a process and includes the following components :l • Equal access to opportunities for using society’s resources. • Prohibition of gender discrimination in thought and practice. • Freedom from violence. • Economic independence. • Participation in all decision-making bodies. • Freedom of choice in matters relating to one’s life. PT.JAWAHARLAL NEHRU said “If you educate a man you educate an individual, however ,If you educate a woman you educate a whole family. Women Empowered means mother India empowered . It is education which gives a voice to injustice. The 3-fold formula which Dr. B.R. Ambedkar gave Indian society include the most important thing to be education. In other words, he has emphasized education.

The effectiveness of women reservation for “Sarpanch” positions at elected Panchayats has political and social inference. Accordingly by 73rd Amendment in 1992, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) were mandated as local self-governing bodies. The legislation aimed to improve the delivery of social services by bringing decision-making closer to the people and constitutionally empowering local village leaders especially women. It also guarantee for reservations of women and Scheduled Castes and Tribes to prevent traditionally powerful groups from claiming political, economic and social resources. The amendment mandated that one-third of the” Sarpanch”(head of elected member of PRI) were to be reserved for women in every State. Though it was big step towards women empowerment still women remained marginalized in decision making particularly women elected as ” Sarpanch”.

Caste-system is a social sin and social deformity. It has created imbalance and disharmony in society. It allows hierarchy, preference, privilege and eligibility to various classes unequally. Therefore, we cannot get social mobility in society. Naturally, it adversely affects the principle of humanity and social regeneration and one cannot get social justice in such a society. However, many socio-religious leaders and saints tried to establish social justice, peace and harmony by opposing this monster i.e. caste-system. Indeed, casteless and classless society, social justice and equality are possible only when there is no caste-ridden social structure, otherwise it will remain a myth or mirage.

The present article deals with the various perceptions and misconceptions prevailed in the present Indian Muslim society regarding the gender equality in various religious texts in contrast to Indian constitution and their actual position in society. Religion is a concept of central importance in Indian philosophy and culture. Reli¬gion has always been used as an instru¬ment of gen¬der inequal¬ity, specif¬i¬cally, in the oppres¬sion and exploitation of women. Remov¬ing reli¬gion from the pic¬ture removes reli¬gious and the¬o¬log¬i¬cal jus¬ti¬fi¬ca¬tions for patri¬archy. Women and girls have been discriminated against for too long in a twisted interpretation of the religion. This view that women are somehow inferior to men is not restricted to one religion or belief. Women are prevented from playing a full and equal role in many faiths. This is in clear violation not just of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights but also the teachings of spiritual preachers of various religions. It is simply self-defeating for any community to discriminate against half of its population. What we find per¬plex¬ing is how even eman¬ci¬pated women pre¬fer to remain within their reli¬gious faiths and strug¬gle against oppres¬sion, rather than choos¬ing to dis¬card reli¬gious beliefs and misconceptions? We need to challenge these self-serving and outdated attitudes and practices - as we are seeing in Iran where women are at the forefront of the battle for democracy and freedom.

Divorce, a subject which was once a social stigma, has become increasingly popular in recent years. Divorce refers to the legal dissolution of a socially and legally recognized marital relationship that alters the obligations and privileges of the two persons involved. It is also a major life’s transitional phase that has far reaching social, pathological, legal, personal, economic and personal consequences. Combination of factors contributes to the growing number of couples who decide to part their ways. With this background, the present paper tries to examine the causes for the increasing rate of divorce in urban India and analyze the socio economic reasons behind growing divorce rates.

The present article deals with the various perceptions and misconceptions prevailed in the present Indian Muslim society regarding the gender equality in various religious texts in contrast to Indian constitution and their actual position in society. Religion is a concept of central importance in Indian philosophy and culture. Reli¬gion has always been used as an instru¬ment of gen¬der inequal¬ity, specif¬i¬cally, in the oppres¬sion and exploitation of women. Remov¬ing reli¬gion from the pic¬ture removes reli¬gious and the¬o¬log¬i¬cal jus¬ti¬fi¬ca¬tions for patri¬archy. Women and girls have been discriminated against for too long in a twisted interpretation of the religion. This view that women are somehow inferior to men is not restricted to one religion or belief. Women are prevented from playing a full and equal role in many faiths. This is in clear violation not just of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights but also the teachings of spiritual preachers of various religions. It is simply self-defeating for any community to discriminate against half of its population. What we find per¬plex¬ing is how even eman¬ci¬pated women pre¬fer to remain within their reli¬gious faiths and strug¬gle against oppres¬sion, rather than choos¬ing to dis¬card reli¬gious beliefs and misconceptions? We need to challenge these self-serving and outdated attitudes and practices - as we are seeing in Iran where women are at the forefront of the battle for democracy and freedom.

Divorce, a subject which was once a social stigma, has become increasingly popular in recent years. Divorce refers to the legal dissolution of a socially and legally recognized marital relationship that alters the obligations and privileges of the two persons involved. It is also a major life’s transitional phase that has far reaching social, pathological, legal, personal, economic and personal consequences. Combination of factors contributes to the growing number of couples who decide to part their ways. With this background, the present paper tries to examine the causes for the increasing rate of divorce in urban India and analyze the socio economic reasons behind growing divorce rates

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The present paper article is about to know the significance of training and development in Information Technology Enabled Services Companies industry. This is a conceptual paper and designed to understand the types of job training and development practices performed in Information Technology Enabled Services Companies, which is associated with the challenges faced by human resource managers in information technology enabled services industry. An effort is put to highlight the procedures followed, roles and basics of an on the job trainer and finally what are the steps to be followed while training the employees on the job.

Integrated Marketing Communication emerges as a powerful tool that guides practitionersin developing and implementing marketing communications more consistently and effectively.Despite its continuing appeal little is known about its physical or visible form in marketing communication process, but the emergence of this concept has become one of the most significantexamples of development in the marketing discipline. It is the most innovative function ofmarketing endorsed by advertising and marketing practitioners. Integrated Marketing Communication has moved beyond communication to the process of using promotional elements in a unified way so that a synergistic communication effect is created and achieved.

Integrated Marketing Communication emerges as a powerful tool that guides practitionersin developing and implementing marketing communications more consistently and effectively.Despite its continuing appeal little is known about its physical or visible form in marketing communication process, but the emergence of this concept has become one of the most significantexamples of development in the marketing discipline. It is the most innovative function ofmarketing endorsed by advertising and marketing practitioners. Integrated Marketing Communication has moved beyond communication to the process of using promotional elements in a unified way so that a synergistic communication effect is created and achieved

Integrated Marketing Communication emerges as a powerful tool that guides practitionersin developing and implementing marketing communications more consistently and effectively.Despite its continuing appeal little is known about its physical or visible form in marketing communication process, but the emergence of this concept has become one of the most significantexamples of development in the marketing discipline. It is the most innovative function ofmarketing endorsed by advertising and marketing practitioners. Integrated Marketing Communication has moved beyond communication to the process of using promotional elements in a unified way so that a synergistic communication effect is created and achieved.

Onions are cultivated and used by poor and rich around the in Egypt , Canada, Japan ,European countries , Greece, India , China and America . Onion was used the balance of the blood in Greece. It were even used in Egyptian burial and doctors facilities it for headaches cough and snake bite. There are ten top onion producing countries in the world. After China India is second most important country to producing and exporting country. The major onion producing states are Maharashtra, Karnataka , Gujarat, Bihar and Madhypradesh. In kharif season prices of onions are unlikely to tall significantly because farmers are not able to store it. Maharashtra government gives subsidy to storage onions MSAMB with help of NABARD promote onion producer for scientific onion storage ( Kanda Chals)

Graph polynomial is one of the algebraic representations for graph. In this paper we introduce a new type of graph polynomial called an independent neighbourhood polynomial. We obtained the neighbourhood polynomial of some interested standard graphs some characterization by using the independent neighbourhood polynomial of graphs.

Directories form the largest category of reference sources, Library is a place, where primary, secondary and tertiary sources are collected and made available to users. Directory is one which comes under secondary sources. It is a list of persons or organization systematically arranged, usually in alphabetic order. The present study is undertaken to create “Directory of P. G. students in social work, Gulbarga University Gulbarga.”

The study also aims in understanding the reader’s expectation towards improving the quality, content, services and deliverables of the newspaper and to explore various information that are related to the newspaper reading habit, market share of the English dailies and at last to know the SWOT analysis of various English dailies. The primary objective of the study is to improve the publication of the newspaper and to hold the readers as the loyal customers of the newspaper

Sport is a psycho-physiogical activity. It has both psychological and physiological dimensions, besides physical, social and technical aspects. In this modern era of competitions the psychological preparations and physiological fitness of a sportsman is as much important as teaching the different skills of a game on the scientific lines These sportsman are prepared not only to play the game, but to win the game, and for winning the game, it is not only the proficiency in the skills which brings victory but more important is the psychological, physiological and physical powers of the players. High sports performance is the result of a multiple factors such as physical fitness, skill fitness, constitutional factors, tactical efficiency etc.

In this research paper, a detailed study has been made to trace the origin and gradual evolution of the violin as a musical instrument through different stages of socio - cultural history. The main purpose of this paper is to show that though the violin is known as a European instrument it is basically Indian in origin.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), as the word suggests, is a process that has to be carried out before any project or major activity is carried out in order ensure that it will not in any way harm the environment on a short term and long term basis (Wathern, 1988; Aruna Murthy et al., 2005). The main purpose of the EIA process was to identify and evaluate the potential benefits and adverse impacts of projects on the environment, taking in account the environmental, social, cultural and aesthetic aspects. All these aspects are considered critical, while determining the viability of the project. The EIA also looks into the impact the project will have on the people, their homeland, livelihood and other development activities (Murthy and Patra, 2005). The EIA also suggests measures to minimize the impacts and suggest ways to improve the project viability. The ultimate aim of EIA is to ensure that potential impacts are identified and addressed at an early stage in the project planning and design (Murthy and Patra, 2005).

In the history of Karnataka, temple and math’s plays very important role in the cultural renaissance of the society, the Karnataka is the land of the sharanas, saints and the religious preacher’s landmark. Siddarudha swami matha is the eminent religious institution . a centre of advaita philosophy as preached by swami siddharudha swamiji. The matha is located at the south west Indian state of Karnataka near outskits of hubballi. This matha is spiritualism & universal brotherhood. Its never discriminated his devotees on the basis of caste, creed, colour ,gender,language,religion& economic status. The matha spread the message of unity. its grate sacred place now.

India is the Land of Knowledge and wisdom from the time immemorial even the foreigners Transport industry plays a vital role in the development of a country. In fact, the progress of a nation and progress of its transport industry is complementary to each other. The Road Transport industry has a lion’s share in India’s economic development. Due to easy accessibility, flexibility of operations, door to door service and reliability, Road Transport in India showed an increase in share of both passenger and freight traffic vis-à-vis other modes of transport. Transport sector accounts for 6.4% share in India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).However, Road Transport has emerged as a dominant segment in India’s transportation sector with a share of 4.8% in India’s GDP comparison to railways that has a meager 1% share of GDP in 2011-12. Though the contribution of Road Transportation in GDP is more than but it still faces many lacunas and have to go a long way. Road Transport infrastructure development needs a good regulatory framework. Such regulations must address licensing, environmental impact, safety, security, pricing, service levels and dispute resolution. This paper analyses the inherent difficulties involved in the development of transport system in India. It gives a comprehensive picture along with different parameter of economic development and the road transport system at a macro angle. At the end researcher tries to bring out some suggestive measures to take care of the different in-built problems.

The present study is undertaken to study the morphometrics of flagellated blood parasites found in freshwater fish Garrya mullya. Three blood parasites were isolated from blood and gill tissues of Garrya mullya fish in the Washim region of Maharashtra, India. The blood parasites reported and morphologically described are Trypanoplasma vidyai (Wahul, 1985), Trypanoplasma krishnamurthyi (Wahul, 1985) and Trypanoplasma cavacius (Wahul, 1985). Keywords :

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