The SHG–Bank linkage programme, referred to as the Indian Microfinance Model began formally in 1992 with a set of guidelines passed by NABARD and RBI enabling commercial banks to lend to SHGs without collateral. Loan repayment rates from SHGs of 98% against 32% from other programmes to the poor, convinced the banking sector of the viability of SHG lending. Currently, over 90% of SHGs in India consist exclusively of women and SHGs are the preferred strategy for both credit delivery for the poor and women’s empowerment. Targets of NABARD to credit link one million SHGs by 2008 have been overshot by the exponential growth of these groups. Latest data showed that cumulatively banks have lent 39.04 billion (US $ 156 million) to 1,079,091 SHGs (NABARD, 31 March, 2004). About 16 million poor households have gained access to formal banking system through SHG bank linkage programme.

Sangli district is leading in area under fruit crops in the Maharashtra. The major fruitsare grown in district i.e grapes, pomegranate, mango, sapota (chikoo), guava, jackfruit, banana and pineapple. Apart from fruit crops, grapevine is one of the main fruit crops of cropping pattern of Sangli District. As such Tasgaon, Miraj, KawatheMahankal, Palus, Walwa, Khanapur and Kadegaon leading in grapevine cultivation Jat and Atpadi tahsils in pomegranate. Apart from fruit crops, grapevine is one of the main fruit crops of cropping pattern of Sangli District.

The present paper aims to investigate the socio- economic and occupation status of scheduled tribes in Yellapur taluk of Uttar Kannada District of Karnataka state. Random sampling technique was used for the study, further the results were interpreted with help of analysis. The results reveals that, more than 55% per cent of the sample Respondents are male and 45% percentage are female headed, 29 per cent of the respondent of the doing cultivations and agricultural, 30% respondents are daily wage workers, 10 (09.26%) respondents are Non agriculture activities, 14 (12.96%) are in service or employee, 12 (11.11%) respondents are house wife’s, 7 (06.48%) doing other works. majority respondents opined that it was major source of income and as significant for livelihood in the study area. Further, the study indicates that, among gender wise classification.

Health of children is dependent on , proper weaning, good hygiene practices. Inadequate calories upshots into malnutrition. Few children adopt inappropriate behavior and start eating soil. This habit untowardly effects health of children. Study was done to assess the effect of geophagy on health of children. It involved children under five year old, selected from schools (240/440), anganwadi (127/440) and slum areas (73/440). Children with habit of geophagy were seen to be under-weight, (O R = 15.7, p<0.0001)). Also, wasting was more prevalent in soil eating children, (O R = 22.89, p<0.0001).

Today language is an inseparable part of human society. Language has been studied in a scientific way. The structure of language is very complex in nature. It is the network that internally organized by expression and content. It is most probable that the human mind to determining the sense of a word in a particular context actually proceeds by substituting other terms, at either the same or a higher position in the hierarchical structure of meanings. For compiling dictionary of any kind, it may be compiled by manually or by computer. the study of meaning is very essential. In the study of meaning there are three dimensions namely syntax, semantics and pragmatics in the analysis of linguistic units. Thus this paper highlights the different dimensions of meaning of lexical items based on the linguistic semantic approach. It includes the study of meaningful relationships between words and the meanings of linguistic units which are dealt with linguistic semantics as a science of meanings of linguistic components.

Entrepreneurial Leadership is a relatively new, sometimes controversial, and burgeoning field of management research. Significance of this concept is increasing day by day in entrepreneurship literature. Entrepreneur’s different leadership styles effect on performance of the organizations. Present research investigates the impact of employee perceived Entrepreneurial Leadership style on Organizational Performance. Study is conducted with reference to Rural Small Scale Engineering Industry in Pune District of India.

Black money is unaccounted money, illegally acquired wealth or other assets made through accepting bribery or other morally depraved acts. It is not just cash stashed at hidden places in the house. It is in various forms like shares, bonds, securities, or other forms of instruments. It may be in the form of real estate-houses, shops, plot or other assets like cars. It may be in the form of gold, silver, diamonds or jewellery.It is believed that there is a huge amount of black money in India, estimated to be 200 million crores. It is also said that in our country over 200 crore rupees of black money is created every y According to a 'White Paper on Black Money in India' report, published in May 2012, the Swiss National Bank estimates that the total amount of deposits in all Swiss banks, at the end of 2010, by citizens of India were Rs 9295 crore or $2.1 billion. The Swiss Ministry of External Affairs has confirmed these figures upon request for information by the Indian Ministry of External affairs .The Narendra Modi Government's efforts to crack down black money abroad will have a significant boost in the Indian economy. The Swiss Government have already extended necessary support to the SIT on black money and is willing to work with NDA Government in power.

Arts, Science and Commerce are the conventional degree colleges whichhold majority of younger generation for higher education. Higher education is the place and seat of learning. Higher education, thus, becomes a major industry which creates skilled and qualified human resources and caters it to the betterment of society. Higher education, especially given through colleges and universities involves financial activities though their chore activity is catering education to their students. Financial transactions, methods and systems of accounting used by these colleges invoke interests in the minds of many academicians, academic executioners and research scholars in the field of Accountancy. The Arts, Science and Commerce colleges in Sindhudurg District affiliated to University of Mumbai and are aided by the UGC are selected in this paper for the present study. On the basis of the collected information, inferences are drawn regarding the effects, uses and importance of Budgetary Control Systemin the sample colleges. The present paper attempts to throw light upon the prevailing uses of Budgetary Control System in the conventional colleges. Also, an attempt is made to evaluate the data gathered through questionnaire regarding the importance of Budgetary Control Systemin financial activities, operational planning of the college activitiesand their execution with respect to curricular activities, co-curricular activities and extracurricular activities in colleges.

The peasant workers’ party was established on 3rd August, 1948. Maharashtra remained the main domain of this party. It completed its 60 years in 2008. This party has played a significant role in the social and political fields of Maharashtra in last 60 years. The Rashtriya Sabha has given an important contribution in the Freedom Struggle of India.

The study was done with an objective to know whether different durations of sleep deprivation affect the blood lactate levels in athletes. For the purpose of the study, 10 male athletes with an age range of 19-24 years who have participated at least in All-India Inter- University Championship were selected purposively from LNIPE, Gwalior. The different durations of sleep deprivation which were selected are 20 hours, 30 hours and 40 hours. The dependent variable in the study was blood lactate level. The blood lactate was measured with Lactate Pro 2 device at selected durations in resting conditions. The results of the study showed that sleep deprivation does not affect the blood lactate levels. The study concludes that the blood lactate level in an individual does not depend on the sleep.

Plant derived drugs came into use in the modern medicine through the uses of plant material as indigenous cure in folklore or traditional systems of medicine. Plant drugs are known to play a vital role in the management of liver disease. Liver diseases are among the major diseases affecting mankind. In spite of the tremendous advances made in allopathic medicine, no effective hepatoprotective medicine is available till date. Thus the aim of the study is to evaluate hepatoprotective activity of methanol and petroleum ether extracts of Cassia tora. A Cassia tora possesses hepatoprotective activity.

Co-operative Banks are organized and managed on the principles of co-operation, self help and mutual help. These have been playing an imperative role in the Indian financial system. But the financial performance of many of these co-operative banks is very poor due to various reasons like poor administration, lack of qualified staff, unethical practices, political interference, high NPA’s, lack of public trust, inadequate infrastructure etc. In this study, an attempt has been made to study and compare the financial performance of The Rayat Sevak Cooperative Bank Ltd. Satara and The Karad Urban Co-operative Bank Ltd. Karad. Both these banks are prominent names in the co-operative sector. The required data for the study had been collected from the annual reports of both the banks. This research is descriptive and analytical in nature. The periodical scope of this study is 5 years from 2009-10 to 2013-14. The analytical scope of this study is restricted to the use of various accounting and statistical tools like ratios, mean, Average Annual growth Rates etc. The study found that the financial performance of The Karad Urban Co-operative Bank Ltd. Karad is better as compared to the Rayat Sevak Cooperative Bank Ltd. Satara.

The rates of caesarean delivery in many countries have creased beyond the WHO recommended level of 10-15 %. This paper tries to throw light on the current trends in caesarean delivery in Tirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu. With the increasing numbers of institutionalised births, the trend of caesarean delivery is also sharply rising. The objectives of this study are to explore the situation and trend in caesarean delivery in Tirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu and analyse the determinants for the preference of caesarean delivery. This paper will explore the relationship between the factors influencing the decision for caesarean delivery and the demand for it. An attempt has also been made to identify various factors associated with caesarean delivery and to understand the possible reasons of very high rate caesarean delivery in the Study area.

The rates of caesarean delivery in many countries have increased beyond the WHOrecommended level of 10-15 %. This paper tries to throw light on the current trends in caesarean delivery in Tirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu. With the increasing numbers of institutionalised births, the trend of caesarean delivery is also sharply rising. The objectives of this study are to explore the situation and trend in caesarean delivery in Tirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu and analyse the determinants for the preference of caesarean delivery. This paper will explore the relationship between the factors influencing the decision for caesarean delivery and the demand for it. An attempt has also been made to identify various factors associated with caesarean delivery and to understand the possible reasons of very high rate caesarean delivery in the Study area.

The present study deals with incidence of Hard Ticks and their impact on haematological values in Black Buck (Antilope cervicapra). Hyalomma anatolicum andn Boophilus microplus species of ticks were observed as ectoparasite on Antilope cervicapra in the present study. In the present study haematological parameters studied were RBC, WBC, DLC, Hb% and Blood glucose level. In the present study 80% of black buck were found infected by tick. Present study also showed that 80% of black buck are infected with H. anatolicum and B. microplus. 40% host were with H. anatolicum and 40% infected with B. microplus. The infected animals showed reduction in the RBC, WBC, DLC count, Hb% and Blood glucose level In our opinion for effective control it will be better if zoo authority use two or three effective insecticide alternatively, so that parasites may not become resistant against the used insecticides.

Human Civilization is more or less concerned with river, ponds, and streams water to a very great extent. Nowadays water consumption has become the measurement of progress of country due to the increasing industrialization, growth of population leaving animals, plants. Humans are facing a suicidal threatening as a result of environmental pollution, study the toxic substances like lead, chromium, Nitrates, dye, Mg, Ca, fluorides, Global Resources, Normal consumption of different domestic animals percentage of total global water, perishable limits of the toxic and hazardous elements in water by W.H.O experimentation and methodology. pH of water using Soren’s formulas, Calorimetry, pH meter, Electrochemical method’s used for analysis of halides and heavy metal ions, etc from Bhima, Bori, Kurnur Dam, KambarTalav, HalchincholiTalav are used for the selection of different samples of water for study

PART ‘A’ Bhabani Bhattacharya is essentially a realist with a social vision. He strongly feels that any piece of art must have a social purpose. According to him, the creative writer’s final business is to reveal truth. He believes that for writing a novel with a definite social purpose, the writer must be aware of his environment and the behavior of the people around him.

The present study was undertaken a comparative study of personality characteristics of Facebook users andnon-users (personality characters, introversion and extroversion). The sample consists of 60 youths of Facebookusers and non-users selected from Aurangabad districts. The age range of Facebookusers and non-users are 18 to 21. The research tools selected to NeymannKohlstedt Extraversion, Introversion Scalenamely. The proposed statistical procedure is descriptive statistics i .e Mean SD was computed and‘t’ test. Conclusion in this study on the basis of data and discussion of result the hypotheses are tested and verified. The result to be found was there is a significant difference between Facebook user and non-user on their personality characteristics Extroverts and Introverts.

Reactive power dispatch plays a major role in order to present good facility secure and economic operation in the power system. In a power system optimal reactive power dispatch is supported to improve the voltage profile, to reduce losses, to improve voltage stability, to reduce cost etc. This paper presents a Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) based approach for solving optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (RPD) in power system. The proposed algorithm has been applied to the IEEE 30-bus system to find the optimal reactive power control variables while keeping the system under safe found to be more effective for this task.

The market for any product is normally made up of several segments. A ‘market’ after all is the aggregate of consumers of a given product. And, consumer (the end user), who makes a market, are of varying characteristics and buying behavior. There are different factors contributing for varying mind set of consumers. It is thus natural that many differing segments occur within a market. In order to capture this heterogeneous market for any product, marketers usually divide or disintegrate the market into a number of sub-markets/segments and the process is known as market segmentation. Market Segmentation and the identification of target markets, however, are an important element of each marketing strategy.

Television advertising is a very effective tool of communicating message to its target audience as it has the ability to combine visual & audio communication and thus this makesadvertisements is an important medium to make people aware of any products. There are different products which the women consumers used, in that the FMCG products they select after getting information about those particular products. This paper presents the results of a study designed to test the Impact of television advertising and on women consumers’ buying behavior.

Probiotic must be able to benefit on host through activity in human body. Lactobacillus organisms are normal inhabitants of the human intestine and vagina. They are the main ones that produce lactic acid in the digestive tract, which is important for overall health. For the prevention of intestinal disorders, probiotics can be rendered multidrug resistance to survive in the presence of antibiotics. Isolation and identification, detection and development of antibiotic resistecein this strains of lactobacillus species from commercially available probiotics and for this antibiotic susceptibility and Development of inducible drug resistance to amoxicillin and cephalexin were done and found that isolated probiotic strain was Lactobacillus rhamnosus. It is a Gram positive, nonmotile, non sporing, rod shaped bacteria. The size of colonies of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on MRS medium was of 1mm in diameter, circular, pale yellow, concave elevation, opaque and with a smooth surface and various sugar test also performed and from this result it is concluded A new strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus that developed was resistant to amoxicillin and cephalexin at a concentration of 70μg/mL.

Leadership has been predominantly a male prerogative in corporate, political, military, and other sectors of society. Although women have gained increased access to supervisory and middle management positions, they remain quite rare as elite leaders and top executives. To explain this phenomenon, public and scientific discussion has centered on the idea of a “glass ceiling”—a barrier of prejudice and discrimination that excludes women from higher level leadership positions (Federal Glass Ceiling Commission, 1995; Morrison, White, & Van Velsor, 1987). To further this discussion, we advance a theory of prejudice toward female leaders and test the theory in relation to available empirical research. This integrative theory builds on social psychologists’ tradition of studying prejudice and stereotyping and industrial– organizational psychologists’tradition of studying perceptions of managerial roles.

This paper is an attempt to assess the physico chemical parameters of surface water of Ambit dam in Akole Tehsil, Ahmednagar District, M.S. (India). The physicochemical parameters like pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Hardness, Electrical Conductivity, Chlorides, sulphates, Sodium, Potassium, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, etc. The found values of physico chemical parameters were compared with the World Health Organization water quality standards. Study of all these characteristics indicates that water is suitable for drinking, irrigation, domestic and fish culture purpose.

Background/Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess and compare Anxiety and Depression between Sports Persons and Non-Sports Persons. Methods: For the purpose of the study, total 300 subjects will be selected in two groups i.e. 150 in sports persons (Individual Games-50, Combative Games-50, Team Games-50) and 150 Nonsports Persons i.e. (I.T.-50, A.G.-50, B.Sc.-50) were selected randomly on the basis of stratified random sampling. The subjects were selected from Banaras Hindu University and Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith respectively. (Subjects of Institute of Technology (I.T) were selected from Banaras Hindu University only.) The age level of the subjects ranged from 18 to 25 years. Questionaire: Keeping the feasibility criterion in mind, the Anxiety and Depression variable was selected for the present study. Anxiety (State/Trait Anxiety) was assessed with the help of State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) developed by Charles D. Spielberger, Richard L. Gorusch, and Robert E. Lushene. Depression was assessed with the help of Goldberg Depression Questionnaire (GDQ) constructed and standardized by Ivan Goldberg. To assess and compare the level of Anxiety and Depression between sports persons and non-sports persons, Statistical analysis: Descriptive Statistics i.e. mean, standard deviation, t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. The level of significance was set as 0.05 level.

Transformation in the Indian banking industry, ever increasing competition, fast moving and complex world of latest technology have compelled banks to think of and to adapt themselves to the changing banking environment. There is a need to develop competencies i.e. skill, knowledge and attitude among the bank staff to make them more suitable to the changing conditions, through proper training and development programmes. Organizations vision and mission can be achieved possibly by the people who need to change themselves, to feel optimistic, arrange themselves mentally, work hard and do it by innovative skills and techniques. This can be done through training and development programmes. Present research paper is of descriptive type and based on primary data collected through questionnaire filled by the bank employees. The present paper indicates some suggestions to improve the existing training and development policies and practices and suggest measures for improvements. The findings of the study suggest that training and development is inevitable and unavoidable in any sector.

Social network sites constitute a rapidly growing phenomenon. Thus, understanding users’ perception toward social network sites become essential. Facebook started in 2004 as a closed community for college students but has since expanded beyond that to high schools, corporations, regional networks, or any user across the world. Facebook allows users to connect and share information in a variety of ways. Facebook has over 500 million active users1 and that number continues to grow steadily.Realizing this present needs, this study strives to determine the user’s perception towards Facebook commerce and risk in online shopping. The risk that consumer perceive in shopping online is multidimensional. Perception of risk by consumer depends upon various factors like their demographics, income; shopping motivation etc. in the present study self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted. A convenience sampling method was employed to collect data. A total of 75 questionnaires were distributed. The research findings revealed that product quality risk, product cost risk, time saving risk, speedy delivery risk has create negative impact attitude towards online shopping.

JhumpaLahiri has been considered as one of the eminent voices in the present times articulating the maladies of the people situated in the unaccustomed earth of the Diaspora communities. Her narratives focus mainly on the itineraries of her subjects, especially, her female characters, facilitating them to explore their ethnicities, identities and femininities. Diasporic identities, multiple migrations, shift in locations and mobility make the female characters more free and liberate than their home country. Lahiri’s latest novel, The Lowland epitomizes the flight and plight of her female subjects who in the international space experience loneliness, marginalization, alienation and psychological stress. As a result, they cut loose themselves from the traditional norms of man-woman relationship to find comfort in a subculture of their own. In the homeland the ethnic, social, political and conjugal rigidities restrict their femininities. The same characters, for instance, breathe freely in the international space. For instance, Gauri, the wife of Udayan and later on wife of Subhash distances herself from the

The purpose of this research was to find out the mean difference between working and non-working women in mental health and depression. The total sample consisted 80 women were taken. The research tool for mental health was measured by Dr. D. J. Bhatt and Gita R. Geeda (1992), while the tool for depression were used which made by Beck (1961). ‘t’ test was applied to check the significance of mental health and epression in working and non-working women to check the correlation method is adopted. Results revealed that significant difference prevailed in mental health and depression with respect to both working and non-working women on mental health and pression. While the correlation between mental health and depression reveals 0.71% high positive correlation.

Agriculture discharge is one of the major sources of water pollution. Fertilizers are reaching into water bodies through irrigation, rainfall, drainage etc. Fertilizer is chemical and animal substances used in agricultural fields in order to enhance efficiency and quality of soil (Danýsman, F. and Bellitürk, K., 2007). Not recycled fertilizers cause pollution to the environment when it is disposed unconsciously (Alloway, 1995). Prolonged exposure to extreme usage of fertilizer causes environmental problems such as salinity of soil, heavy metal accumulation, nutrient imbalances, microbial activity disruption, eutrophication in the waters, nitrate accumulation, nitrogen and sulfur emissions to air, thinning in the ozone layer, and the greenhouse effect (Sönmez, et al., 2008).

The population geographer’s interest in the study of mortality, however, lies primarily in it being a basic component of population growth. This study examined yearly distribution of deaths and its determinants. In this research work a total of 25,290 deaths were recorded during the 6-year period. Yearly Percentages of deaths, actual growth of deaths were computed. Researchers used monthly mortality data received from the department of health Panchyat Samity offices of Chopda, Yawal and Raver Tehsils in Jalgaon district of Maharashtra state to study the patterns of deaths.

Waki Dam is a minor irrigation dam. The water in Waki dam is used for irrigation, drinking, fish culture and domestic purposes. The present investigation deals with the study of seasonal variations of physico-chemical characteristics of Waki-dam water. The parameters such as pH, Electrical conductance, Sulphate, Chloride, Sodium, Calcium ion etc. are studied.

Gandhi announced for an anti-British Protest called Salt Satyagraha Movement in 1930 as the Salt Law of the British in India, was so exploitative and suppressive. Giving heed to the call of Gandhi, people all over India were dragged into fold of politics and they broke the Salt Law. The Salt Satyagraha was very intensive and well organized in West Godavari District. To quell the Salt atyagraha, the Government of Andhrapradesh resorted to suppression and repression until the signing of Gandhi-Irwin Pact in 1931. This monograph explores all the details regarding this Salt Satyagraha Movement in West Godavari District.

In developing country like India banking sector plays a vital role for the development of an economy. Recently, the Reserve Bank of India has reduced the stringency policy of KYC norms for the purpose of promoting financial inclusion. The main objective of this article highlights about KYC norms for sustainable inclusive growth.

The conventional norms and values of Indian society laid stress on showing respect and providing care for the elderly. Consequently, the older members of the family were taken care of in the family itself. Advent of modernization, industrialization, urbanization, occupational differentiation, education and growth of individual philosophy has eroded traditional values and caused for the disintegration of joint families and emergence of nuclear families ended with the negligence of the elderly. These adventures have led to defiance and decline of respect for elders among members of younger generation. In this light the present study is emerged.

This research deals with applied psychology of handwriting, in particular with the use of graphology. Graphology is the study and analysis of handwriting especially in relation to human psychology. In the medical field, it can be used to refer to the study of handwriting as an aid in diagnosis and tracking of diseases of the brain and nervous system. There are two methods of handwriting analysis: Graphology is the method of psychological analysis, while forensic document examination or handwriting identification which is the examination of documents and writing samples by a known source, or person. In this paper relationship between Handwriting analysis and Attitude regarding the college students. 60 college students are participated in this study from Ahmednagar. The age range of sample selected between 18 to 22 years. Research concluded that, there is positive co Relation between Handwriting features with optimistic Attitudes and pessimistic attitude regarding the college student.

India has a long history of organized education. Gurukuls were traditional Hindu residential schools of learning; typically the teacher’s house or a monastery. The current system of education, with its western style and content, was introduced and funded by the British in the 19th century, following recommendations by Macaulay. Traditional structures were not recognized by the British government and have been on the decline since. There are various policies implement to educational system up to ancient periods and this paper evaluates various educational policies to development of overall educational system in India.

During present investigation total 18 Zooplankton species were recorded from Bhima river near Gursale village Taluka Pandharpur, Dist. Solapur (M.S) from Jan. 2014 to Dec.2014. Which consist of 9 Species belong to Rotifera, 5 species belong to Cladocera, 4 species belong to Copepoda, The Rotifera was the most dominant group throughout the Study period. The number of Zooplankton was highest in summer followed by winter and lowest in Monsoon Season. The Zooplankton variation were observed as follows Rotifera > Copepod > Cladocera in Study Period. All Three zooplankton groups were observing in throughout study period.

Background: Anthropometretic measurements are playing major role enhancing the performance of the swimmers. Keep in mind researcher investigated the relationship of selected anthropometrics measurement with swimming performance. Materials and Methods: 20 male inter-university level swimmers of S.G.B.Amravati University were selected as subject. The age of the subject was ranging from 18 to 25 year. To fullfill the purpose of the study selected anthropometric measurement i.e. .palm length, Arm length, Shoulder width, Chest circumference, Hip width, Sitting height was measured by using flexible still tape and score recorded in centimeters and standing height was measured by using stadiometre score was recorded in centimeter. The relationship of Anthropometretic measurement with swimming performance established by computing Pearson’s Product Movement Correlation[Zero Order].

India which adopted the path of democracy which was a revolutionary step at that time and revolutionary Act in the prevailing circumstances to serve for more than sixty five years and which leds India stand At forefront in the race of democratic set up of the world. Then why there is a need to rethinking on democracy. Question lies in the fact that it should be conceived in the prospective of problem faced by democracy .Democracy do not mearly means a form of Government. In broader and moral sense, it means a way of life, Order of society, Way of socio-Economic relation and above all a belief system. Such a Political and Socio-Economic system is based on the ideas of ideals of principles of equality, Liberty, Fraternity and Justice and Norms of Government Responsible and accountable to People. These ideas, Principles, Norms to be implemented require certain favourable conditions which are pre-requisite of democracy. Today this free pre-requisite have not been fulfilled there fore the problem areas invites us to rethink.

This paper is an attempt to understand the Internal migration and family life : a sociological inquiry People migrate from one place to another for the development of their overall living standard and to enhance their social position. Migration is considered to be one of the important strategies for the progress and development of rural poor. internal migration assumes special importance in any state in the process of development. By its very nature internal migration, that is the movement of people across smaller units within the state, is related to a process of change occurring within the social system The study reveals that, people were pushed in the city because of their poor socio-economic conditions, mainly poverty condition. Besides, many pull factors also attract them to migrate in this city. It is found from the study that, internal migration is positively contributed to the development of poor people. There social and economic condition as household income, saving,land possession, expenditure, non-productive assets, housing status, water & sanitation facilities, treatment aptitudes, social participation etc. Internal migration redistributes population and workforce from rural to urban areas.. Migration is an important feature of human civilization. It reflects, human endeavor to survive in the most testing conditions both natural and man-made

The objective of this study were to estimate the potential for gobargas production and coverage of rural population by this, technology, to examine the potential for replacing fuel wood by gobargas. This study examines general impact of gobargas technology on the economy. To compare the availability and nutrient content of manure from rural compost with biogas manure, and to assess the socio-economic ecological impact of introduction of gobargas technology.

In this study, resolution of mandelic acid by enzyme enhanced ultrafiltration (EEUF) was studied. Membrane did not retain mandelic acid significantly and a diafiltration procedure was applied for BSA solutions before PEUF experiments. In PEUF experiments, pH was an important parameter for mandelic acid retention by ligand BSA and total retention of mandelic acid decreased while pH increased. The reaction is acid catalyzed and a low dielectric constant favours the reaction. Increase the ionic strength has no effect on the reaction rate. In the case of substituted mandelic acids the order with respect to substrate vary depending upon the nature of the substituent present in the ring. In general, the electron withdrawing substituents retard the rate while the electron releasing substituents enhance the rate of reaction. From the kinetic data obtained the activation parameters have been computed and a suitable mechanism has been proposed.

The present study has been carried out on 300 regular and 200 contractual tertiary teachers in relation to their self efficacy beliefs. The findings of the study showed that contractual teachers have more confidence in their self efficacy as compared to that of regular teachers. Further regarding overall self efficacy beliefs, it was found that the self efficacy beliefs of contractual teachers were stronger in comparison to that of regular teachers. Therefore, it is concluded that nature of the appointment has produced its significant impact upon self efficacy beliefs of tertiary teachers.

In modern age, many people suffer from the problem of loss of identity, existentialism, impersonation etc. Some Indo-Anglian writers used these themes for their works. Girish Karnad attempted these problems on personal level, intellectual level and psychological level in his plays. In Hayavadana, the characters are actually combination of two different parts of body, presenting alienation of body and mind. The play focuses the problem of identity of Padmini in the main plot and Hayavadana in the sub plot. In Naga-Mandala, he projects psychological incompleteness. It deals with the married life of Rani and Appanna. Consequently in these plays, female characters and other characters also suffer from the problem of identity and impersonation.

The colored textile effluents have a lot of chronic effect on human life .The presence of colour for effluents are due to the utilization of different dyes in textile industry. In the present work easily available low cost adsorbent i.e. corn cob was used to remove congo red dye from effluent. Congo red dye is selected because it is not easily degradable and is toxic in nature. The effect of different parameters like pH,,contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature were studied .The result showed that 80%dye was removed when pH=9 and contact time is 120 minutes. When the temperature increases from 298Kto 308K the adsorption capacity also increases.

The game of cricket has a magnificent past and a complex history (Bob Woolmer2008). It relishes 400-Odd years of annals (Murtaza S. T. & et. al. 2014). Authors believe that it has been originated from the ancient sport of India i.e. Gilli Danda (Tipcat in English) which haspossibly the origin over 2500 years ago (Steve Craig-2002 & John Arlott-1975). Cricket was taken by the British to their Colonies & started playing & expanding into every continent on theglobe. Modern day’s cricket has been transformed into more competitive & become moreaggressive where every player has to put extra efforts in order to perform at the optimum level(Murtaza S. T. & et. al. 2014). Innovation in cricket is very rare. In the past, many cricket teamshave been able to survive even with very limited amounts of innovation in their arsenal. Theyfocused on providing the basic skills and simply update them to a level that maintains theircompetitiveness at the global plane. This method still applies but with few opportunities &chance for innovation.

“ Land” is the basic resource of human society. It’s utilization shows a reciprocal relationship between the prevailing ecological condition of a region and man. So the study of land use is of prime importance to any researcher for the economic development ,resource planning, cultural advancement of people. The district of Malda(24 40 20 N to 25 33 08 N and 87 45 50e to 88 28 10E) comprising an area of 3713 sq km located between the state of Bihar in the west and Bangladesh in the east. The characteristics of the district belongs to semi-urbanized society with huge population pressure, with a total population of the district is 39,97,990 lakh.and the total net shown area is 278010 hec. Here only in Englishbazar block total population is 274,103 with total net shown area 30500 acres. So it is clear from the above statistics that the balance between food and consumer is very uneven in both sectors. Agricultural sector is also suffering from arsenic problem, river bank erosion, small land holding , surplus labor ,encroachment of agricultural land for settlement etc. At present scarcity of water in agricultural sector due to groundwater depletion has becomes a serious problem for cultivators where crop production especially HYV is highly dependent on irrigation. On the basis of above situation it is a call of time to discuss about the problem and try to make a solution and thus this paper is a focus on the above problem and solution in search.

The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) is traditionally a male dominated sector. The women workforces in India were away from this sector till 1980s. From past three decades women have gradually entered to this transport sector as bus conductors and different strata of employment in road transport industry in different parts of the country. This ituation can also see in Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport orporation (APSRTC) in Andhra Pradesh, India. Even today if we have a closer look at the sex balance in the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation employment, it shows that it is still male dominated. This paper is to search that the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation is a gendered work space dominated by masculine values and practices. Also seeks the reasons for women who entering to Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation sector in larger scale in recent days. The aim of this paper is to focus on socio conditions are caste, age and education, problems, challenges of women bus conductors and job satisfaction in Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC).

Local Self-Governance / Panchayat Raj Institutions is not a new phenomenon in India. Its illustration in history goes back to more than 1000 years. Panchyati Raj Institutions have always been considered as a means to good governance and 73rd Constitutional Amendment was effected in the hope that it would lead to better governance and provide political space to the disadvantaged section of the society like schedule caste, schedule tribes and women. Panchayati Raj implies the creation of local government institutions at the village, block and district levels. These bodies play a vital role in rural administration in the present age when more and more governments are carrying the banner of welfare state. In fact the powers entrusted to these bodies really make a State democratic or undemocratic. The units of local self government in rural areas are village Panchayat, Panchayt Samitis and Zila Parishads. The village Panchayats have been linked to the Panchyat Samitis at the block level and to the Zilla Parishad at the district level.

The economic growth and development of any particular economy is usually based upon the capital or financial options in the country. The sectoral growth is also depends upon the credit facilities been made available to the agriculture, industry and the services sector of the nation. Many of the developing nations of the World have witnessed the growth through the sound finance system like England, USA, and Germany etc. Most of the time the Government or the public sector is not able to provide the credit to the various sectors in this situation the role of co-operatives is necessary. Indian economy is characterized by the co-operatives; the Indian co-operatives are rural economy driven, which has its spreads from beginning to end of the institutional credit structure. The Co-operatives sector plays a key role in the Indian economy. The Co-operatives covers almost 98% of villages. India has witnessed the growth path through the growth of cooperatives in the post liberalization period at the greater extent. There were 6, 10, 020 cooperatives in India according to the Indian co-operative movement- a statistical profile-2012, including credit co-operatives and non-credit co-operatives, with around 250 Million members and huge share capital of Rs.3, 83, 284. There has been availability of World famous cooperative brands in India like Amul, Mahananda etc.

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM- 2005-07) has been viewed as the holistic and democratic mission mode intervention by the state in the field of health sector in India. It was introduced as a flagship scheme of government in 2005-06 to address health care needs of the rural population of India. The Mission seeks to provide accessible, affordable and quality health care to rural populations, especially poor and vulnerable population in the Country by strategies aimed at improving household health status by increasing community participation through the involvement of Panchayati Raj Institutions(PRI’s). NRHM has been extended till 2017, looking at the crucial needs of improving general health conditions specifically IMR(Infant mortality rate) and MMR(Maternal Mortality Rate). What constituted the conceptual build-up to this mission was a range of systemic deficiencies in the health system of the country, this deficiencies includes lack of holistic approach, shortage of infrastructure and human resources, lack of community ownership and accountability, non-integration of vertical disease control programs, non-responsiveness and lack of financial resources. Available literature suggests that the Mission has been successful in some areas but a few concerns persist. The present paper attempts a desk review of the achievements and failures of NRHM .At the end the paper highlights certain challenges and suggests some solutions for the same.

This paper tried to explain the importance of ICT for the Rural Development in the Indian context through secondary and primary evidence. The paper mainly interpreted the secondary evidence to point out the role and the meaning of ICT in the rural environment as a vehicle of equality and growth. With this background, the paper attempts to analyze the interest of the rural users of ICT and the problems they face in using ICT for their livelihood and what could be their alternative approach for effective use of ICT. To find answer to this questions the researcher selected three villages in Thiruvallur District which is closer to Chennai city for his study. Based on the primary data it is identified that online and offline pportunity should be encourage according to the interest of the local communities and given practice to exchange knowledge on control and creating ICTs in the rural context.

Livestock play very important role in our Indian economy. Livestock is the back bone of Indian agriculture. Animal husbandry and dairy cattle have an importance place in economics of India. Solapur district is endowed with vast livestock resources. Dairy India (1997) reported that it possesses about 10 per cent cattle and 21 per cent goat population of India which provide a number of benefits in the form of additional earnings, employment and means of transport. Hence, a holistic approach is needed to develop this sector. Though Patil et.al. (1979), Singh and Patel (1982), Mondal and Pandey (1993), Jadhav et.al. (1996), Khan and Rao (1997), Sharma and Singh (1998), Dhaka et.al (1999), Rajarajan (2000) and few others conducted research studies about cattle and buffalo marketing in some parts of India, yet unfortunately no attempt has been made to explore the status of cattle marketing in the district of Solapur. Thus, there is no knowledge of structure, conduct and performance of cattle marketing of the district. This necessitates a thorough analysis regarding cattle marketing in the district. In view of this gap in information an attempt has been made in this paper to study various facets of dairy cattle marketing like, marketing channels, marketing costs and price spread in order to ascertain the efficiency of dairy cattle markets in the Solapur district of Maharashtra.

The paper deals with the Co-relation between family Stress & Achievement of 11th class students at Junior College in Dhule Taluka. 179 students were selected by simple random sampling method as a sample. For the data collection the Standarised test of Dr. Abhrani Bhista which was related with family stress was used. . For the achievement of students their Annual marks were collected. The co-relation between two variables drawn by the Pearson’s product moment method. There is negative co-relation between the variables at 0.05 level Which is not significant of 11th class students of Arts, Science, Rural, Urban area & boys.But the co-relation between two variables is positive co-relation of Girls at 0.05 level.

Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning is a method of learning and conditioning of living beings. The typical procedure for inducing classical conditioning involves presentation of a neutral stimulus along with a stimulus of some significance. The neutral stimulus could be any event that does not result in an overt behavioral response from the organism under investigation. Classical conditioning has been demonstrated in numerous species including human beings, using a variety of methodologies. Gender discrimination is one of the most prevailing features of Indian society. Indian women is given a special discriminating and suppressing ill treatment, in slow process, while her development because of which she starts accepting the ill treatment as her fate and behaves typically. This typical treatment and behaviour differentiates her from the man of same community and woman of other communities so why she is called Indianised woman. The processes adopted for the classical conditioning and making the Indian woman Indianised are nearly the same. So this paper will study, how the Indian woman is classically conditioned and developed in a typical Indianised woman personality.

There are local – self governments to administer local areas. The operations of Urban Local Bodies are governed by various provisions in the State Acts which are the fountainhead of the powers of local bodies. Revenue plays vital role in fiscal operations of the government at any level .In absence of revenue the government cannot undertake the assigned duties so as to get fulfill its predetermined objectives. Total Revenue refers to the sum total of income raised by the Municipal Corporation. The Municipal Corporation undertakes various activities as to provide variety of service for its citizens. The sources of Revenue Receipts are different kind of taxes (Direct and Indirect Taxes) fees, government grants, Municipal Property fees, and Drainage and water supply fees. The sources of capital receipts are loans, Social Justice Department Grant, Finance Commission and central government grants, Non-Agriculture Receipts, housing subsidy, Natural Calamity Subsidy, Auction Receipts are included in this account. The examination of the revenue of the corporation reveals that there was to sufficient revenue to complete the various works by the SMKMC.

This study aims to review the relevant literature related to the association between the different aspects of ownership structures, namely; ownership concentration, managerial ownership, institutional ownership; and firm performance. Ownership structure is among the primary mechanisms of corporate governance and has been a focus of many researchers and academicians for few decades. Most studies are based on developed markets and have incongruent results. Therefore, more empirical studies are required to examine the aforementioned relationship. This study bridges the gap by presenting pioneer work in this area and enriching the existing literature.

Woman is a multifaceted personality with the power of benevolence, adjustability and tolerance. She is companion of man gifted with equal mental faculty. She is an embodiment love and affection. Woman, such a blooming flower, which scants the world. She is as tall as Himalaya, having a flow of river. But woman can not be sufficiently defined in these phrases. With the passage of time she reflects dimensional faces. She is such a magnificent creature of god that she has motivated many world renowned writers of the world. Indian English Poets have also depicted Indian woman with of her character. The present paper tries to focus on the representation of Indian woman by Indian poets of English.

The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has given a tremendous boost in supporting new modes of delivery in training, teaching and learning within the last thirty years (Samuel & Zaitun, 2005). Information and Communication Technologies (ICT‟s) are seen as improving learning in both schools and homes. The present study analyzes the integration of Information and Communication Technology in teaching and learning processes. Deployment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into teaching and learning is a growing area that has attracted the attention of teachers, administrators and policy makers in the recent years.

Tourism represents the particular form of recreation and is defined as - “A leisure time activity involving an overnight stay or far away from house”

The world faces a global challenge due to the obvious and large inequalities in health within and between countries. The root of much of these inequalities can be attributed to social factors. There is evidence that the social determinants of health, such as the living circumstances, income, education, access to health care, employment rank and working conditions shape people health status. Reports attribute that the causes of poor health and inequalities between and within countries to these factors. Among them, income and education are defined as the most influential and powerful determinants of health.

This study was conducted to investigate the differences between two groups ofpostgraduate students and their attitudes towards internet usage. These groups of people are living in the same environment, but they have different cultural background, belief as Arab and Non-Arab students. The former were defined as people whose mother tongue is Arabian language. The latter were classified as postgraduate student whose mother tongue is different than Arabian language. The data analysis used charts and tables to exemplify as clearly as possible the correlation between the variables, moreover to get the right and adequate answer for the research question, furthermore to fulfill the objective of this study.

The e-commerce is one of the biggest things that have taken the Indian business by storm. It is creating an entire new economy, which has a huge potential and is fundamentally changing the way businesses are done. It has advantages for both buyers as well as sellers and this win-win situation is at the core of its phenomena. Rising incomes and a greater variety of goods and services that can be bought over the internet is making buying online more attractive and convenient for consumers all over the country.

insurance is a device for guaranteeing an individual against loss. This paper is based on define insurance awareness as well as role in , investment, risk factor etc. we take a case study of Kodak mahindra to analyzing SWOT .our objective of the paper is to aware insurancestrategies, ideas and various skills required in this insurance,understand practical difficulties faced in insurance,to aware people about the tax rebate schemes in insurance and to realize people about the priorities of insurance.

Fresh water bodies are economically important inland fisheries. For food, large number of peoples depends on vast inland areas of fresh water bodies. Krishna river is the largest river of India which has good source of food and abundant water resource. In present study, occurrence of 34 species of fishes in Krishna river belonging to 23 genera, 5 order and 11 families were recorded. The recordednumber of fish species is economically important for developing inland fishery culture.

This research study focused on to study the overall socio-economic condition and the development process through the government as well banking services and achieving sustainable development through the fulfillment of all basic needs of weaker section of society and eradicate social exclusion in this agree-based, developing, mix-economy accepted democratic country to make positive changes. To fulfill the complete basic need to bring the marginalized, undeveloped in main stream of economic development. Such as, labour, child labour, unorganized labour, street vendors landless, vegetables sellers, sugarcane workers, construction, bakery workers, scrap workers, conventional businessman, tribal low income group.

The deadly unwanted and awkward events that happen in roads causing damage cumulating to serious injury or death of human beings unexpectedly or unknowingly are known as road cidents. Increasing population along with gradual transformation in socio-economic spectrum of inhabitants of Assam have been the key cause responsible for steep rise in the number of motor vehicles on the roads and which in turn results in frequent road accidents leading to huge number of injuries and deaths. In fact, when the state has witnessed population growth of 18.92 per cent during 1991-2001, the growth of motor vehicles has been as high as 149.23 per cent during the same period. The growth of motor vehicles has also been significantly high in the state (128.67 per cent during 1995-2005).The incidence rates of injuries and deaths due to road accidents, however markedly vary across the state depending on a variety of factors. It is worth mentioning in this context that the growing population and number of motor vehicles are not solely responsible for the increase of road accidents in the state.

Digital Marketing is relatively new term in marketing. It has become more enlightened with the rise of E-commerce. According to a survey by Assocham, India's ecommerce market, which stood at $2.5 billion in 2009, reached $8.5 billion in 2012 and rose 88 per cent to touch $16 billion in 2013. The survey estimates the country's e-commerce market to reach $56 billion by 2023, driven by rising online retail. India's e-commerce market grew at a staggering 88 per cent in 2013 to $ 16 billion, riding on booming online retail trends and defying slower economic growth and spiraling inflation. Besides electronics gadgets, apparel and jewellery, home and kitchen appliances, lifestyle accessories like watches, books, beauty products and perfumes, baby products witnessed significant upward movement in last one year. Since E-commerce is gaining growth, hence is Digital Marketing. With changing buying preference of customers and more and more expected customers buying online, virtually every product producing company want online presence in this digital world hence giving digital marketers a big importance.

It differs from all known species of the genus, with the characters like scolex medium, dome shaped, indistinctly marked off from the strobila, narrow anteriorly broad in the middle, scolex bears four suckers and rostellum, rostellar hooks are present in the rostellum, 47 in number. The mature proglottids are medium, broader than long with convex lateral margins, testes small, medium, oval 25-30 (27), cirrus pouch medium, Ovary medium, dumb-bell shaped, vagina is a thin tube situated posterior to the cirrus pouch, ootype small oval.

Globalization, localization and sustainable livelihood represented five vital capitals i.e. human, natural, physical, financial and social capital. Livelihood sustainable if it is capable of adequately satisfying selfdefined needs and securing people against shocks and stresses put on capitals by structural factors. Livelihood strategies develop in ground of conflicting or cooperating actors. Because livelihood strategies are multiple, individuals may belong to different interest groups and therefore social inclusion and exclusion is never rigid. Globalization-localization has important consequences for livelihood. The importance of the international and the local level will increase to the detriment of the national level. On one hand, livelihood will become increasingly world wide and therefore multi-local. The will become increasingly global and livelihood strategies will become more homogenous. On other hand, certain local characteristics of the arena remain or will even become more marked, and consequently livelihood strategies will need to become more specific too. Nevertheless, it is doubtful whether social exclusion will become a thing of the past. Therefore, global governance should have an important role in promoting sustainability of livelihoods. Global governance is explained as a global co-ordination by supra-regional and international governmental institutions of national governments balanced by an emerging international 'civil society'. The paper analysis Natural Capital, Human capital, Social Capital, Financial Capital, Physical Capital, Political Capital.

To the field of organizational behavior, there is one aspect which has been neglected and which deserves additional empirical study which is on organizational commitment and job satisfaction. They represent possible benefits that may be associated with flexible work hours. Organizational commitment represents an individual's identification with the goals of the organization, how much the individual values membership in the organization and the degree to which they intend to work to attain organizational goals. There has been scant research on possible gender differences in responses to psychological contracts in organizations. Contemporary employees often look for signals that the organization provides for balance between work and family. It is needful that human resource practices, such as flexible work hours communicate that the organization is concerned about employee well-being. Our investigation suggest that these factors may increase levels of commitment and overall satisfaction for both men and women, but that women may be more affected by flexible work hours as well as individuals with child-related responsibilities and multiple commitments.