The rise of broadcasting media in different parts of the country also helped in opening up radio station in Assam, the heartland of North-East India. It all started in Guwahati, in 1948, with the effort of first Chief Minister Gopinath Bordoloi. Since then there were quite a few radio station that were established in various towns and cities. But the beginning of the FM revolution in the country was something path breaking. Easy access to cheap radio receivers saw a resurgence of the radio in the public domain. Instead of being swept away by the cable revolution radio made its own rules and survived well despite many apprehensions from government quarters about its ability to sway people. From rickshaws to mobiles to cars blaring out hits after hits the FM revolution changed the way the urban landscape redefined its media habits. FM was in the pockets of everybody. But in the mad rush of the city dwellers craze for FM there always existed the silent listeners in the blind spot. Rural audiences became the consumer of such an urban phenomenon although based in rural areas by their existence nearer to cities.

The present paper aims at studying the Theory of Implicature and Relevance Theory as the theories of language use. The conversational implicature is a message that is not found in the plain sense of the sentence. The speaker implies it. The hearer is able to infer, work out, read between the line this message in the utterance, by appealing to the rules governing successful conversational interaction. The success of a conversation depends upon the various speakers' approach to the interaction. The way in which people try to make conversations work is sometimes called the cooperative principle. We can understand it partly by noting those people who are exceptions to the rule, and are not capable of making the conversation work. We may also, sometimes, find it useful deliberately to infringe or disregard it. In addition, The need for supplementary information is too pervasive and too important to be a matter of something specifically linguistic, as might be suggested by Grice's conversational principle and maxims. Sperber and Wilson see the fundamental mechanism of such inferences as going well beyond language, and beyond humans. The paper studies these concepts in detail.

Indian culture is the oldest culture in this world. It has gifted many things to this world. Literature, arts, sports, philosophy, scientific theories and social, political and economical thoughts spread in the world are originated from Indian culture. The most ancient and holy religious treatise 'Rig-Veda' is the national asset of India. Greatest epics Mahabharata and Ramayana are from India. For the welfare of mankind the concept of Ramrajya (utopian world) is derived from Ramayana. In the same way India culture is the mother of various games and sports in this world. We find reference of various games and sports in the ancient treatises of India.

The trend analysis of sales is a guide to follow the changes that are occurring in the business from period to period. With the help of analysis of sales, one can study about the development of a business concerned. Generally, it is suggested that for proper trend analysis, the trend should be studied at least over a period of five years or more. Presently there are 26 fertilizer companies in India, out of which, four fertilizer companies located in the Gujarat state namely - IFFCO, KRIBHCO. GSFC and GNFC have been selected for the present research study and sales trend analysis has been made for a period of six years from 2005- 06 to 2010-11. Chi-square test has been applied for testing the hypothesis. For the purpose of the trend analysis of sales in the selected fertilizer companies, the year 2005-06 has been selected as the base year and the amount of sales in the base year has been taken equal to 100. On the basis of the amount of sale for the base year, index number has been calculated for the remaining years. An increase in sales index would mean improvement in sales resulting favorable position for the profitability or vice versa of a business enterprise

The growing social awareness across the globe has brought a number of issues to the fore among which gender equality and empowerment of women are very significant. Discrimination against women in the form of male-female dif ferentiation constitutes the core of the gender -biased system. The W ord Bank has suggested that empowerment of women should be a key aspect of social development programs. The empowerment is not essentially political alone in fact; political empowerment will not succeed in the absence of economic empowerment. The scheme of micro financing through Self Help Groups (SHGs) has transferred the real economic power in the hands of women and has considerably reduced their dependence on men. The empowerment of women and improvement of their status and economic role needs to be integrated into economic development programs, as the development of any country is inseparably linked with the status and development of women

With the aim to compare the selected kinematical parameters of successful and unsuccessful Fosbury-flop high jump technique present study was structured. For the accomplishment of the purpose of this study six intervarsity level male high jumpers were randomly selected from the 70th All India Intervarsity Athletic Championship, held at Chennai, 2009. Their mean age, height and weight were 21 yrs, 170.87 cm and 60.5 kg, respectively. To acquire kinematical data during the competition, one high speed Sony DCR SX40E camcorder mounted at a height of 5 feet was placed at 10 meters away, perpendicular to the bar. All subjects were performed three jumps, and the successful and unsuccessful jump for each athlete was selected for further analysis. Video footages were downloaded, slashed to desired footages and edited for biomechanical analysis. Ankle angle, knee angle, hip angle, shoulder angle and elbow angle in different five phases (take-off preparation phase, take-off phase, flight phase, 'L' position phase and landing phase) were digitized with the help of Silicon Coach Pro7 motion analysis software. All statistical procedures were conducted using the SPSS (16.0 Version software. A level of significance was set at 0.05. The acquired data of the variables were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis followed by t test. The results showed that insignificant differences were found between successful and unsuccessful jump on selected parameters.

In the past the teacher was considered to be the soverign as far as the teaching -learning process was concerned. The role of the students was mostly passive. Modern trends have changed the face of educational world. Many progressive methods have come in the wake of these trends. Yet the traditional methods are not being given up altogether, they are “being modified and adjusted to the changed concepts and situations.”

The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity of glucose, sucrose and maltose in 0.5M ammonium chloride solution at temperatures 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15K have been measured. The desired acoustical and thermodynamic parameters namely adiabetic compressibility, free length, specific acoustic impedance, free volume, internal pressure, molar cohesive energy, viscous relaxation time, Gibb's free energy, relative association, available volume, molal hydration number and Lennard-Jones potential have been calculated. The variation of these parameters with respect to the molarity and elevation of temperatures have been explained on the basis of solute-solvent interaction and structure forming tendency of solutes in the solvent. Results show that glucose, sucrose and maltose acts as structure promoters in aqueous 0.5 mol.dm-3 NH4Cl solutions. Also the Lennard Jones potential and cohesive energy data reveals the absence of repulsive forces in the solution system.

The present paper sets out in the wider context of globalization to examine how India have responded to the growing pressures of globalization for improving university performance in the global market place. In order to enhance the global competitiveness of their higher education systems, governments in India have started comprehensive reforms and adopted new governance measures to enhance their universities. Incorporation and corporatization have been identified as important strategies to restructure and reengineer university governance around the world. Despite the popularity of management reforms and restructuring exercises in line with neoliberalism and managerialism worldwide, whether and how these reforms have actually transformed the heart of the public sector is still subject to research. This paper offers some reflections on the governance change taking place in india university systems and examine what are the changes in restructuring of governance in higher education through privatization, and internationalization.

According to National Bureau of Economic Research (NEBR) the recession in United States begins from December, 2007 and much greater intensity since September 2008. The industrialized world has been undergoing a recession, a pronounced deceleration of economic activity. This global recession has been taking place in an economic environment characterized by various imbalances and was sparked by the outbreak of the financial crisis of 2007–2009. Although the late-2000s recession has at times been referred to as "the Great Recession," this same phrase has been used to refer to every recession of the several preceding decades. A global recession has resulted in a sharp drop in international trade, rising unemployment and slumping commodity prices. In December 2008, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) declared that the United States had been in recession since December 2007Several economists have predicted that recovery may not appear until 2011 and that the recession will be the worst since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The conditions leading up to the crisis, characterised by an exorbitant rise in asset prices and associated boom in economic demand, are considered a result of the extended period of easily available credit, inadequate regulation and oversight, or increasing inequality.

P r e s e n t p a p e r d e a l s t h e i n t r a s p e c i f i c c o l o u r variation in the population of Dendrobium anceps Sw . (Orchidaceae) from Kalimpong Sub-Division of Darjeeling district of W est Bengal. Colour variation was observed in lateral sepals, dorsal sepals, lateral petals, lip and mentum foot and where instead light green colour , pinkish grey was observed. However , the minute colour variation is not the criteria to place it into a new species or variety . Thus, the variation observed in lip and mentum foot may be due to environmental influence.

A sheer balance between fact and fiction on the grounds of science and technology paves the way towards imaginative faculties of human mind. A science fiction is a fine web, interwoven in a manner so that it can entertain at one end and can arouse one's creative imagination at the other . In the twentieth century , Science has entered in general fiction and drama in a variety of ways. W riters like Mary Shelly , H.G.W ells, Ray Bradbury , Isaac Asimov , Robert Heinlein are the pioneers of sci-fi writing. Science fiction is generally a story of future societies in which the impact of science and technology on mankind is a major theme of it. “Utopia” and “Dystopia” are two imaginary worlds which have been added in science fiction as an instrument of great philosophic and social significance. Dystopia in Science fiction presents a negative view of the future of society and humankind. Utopian works typically sketch a future in which technology improves the everyday life of human beings and advances civilization, while dystopian works of fer an opposite view . This paper tries to analyze dystopian elements in contemporary sci-fi texts. For that purpose, I have taken some notable dystopian novels such as Aldous Huxley's Brave New W orld, Geor ge Orwell's 1984, Zamayatin's W e and Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451. Among all these novels, Brave New W orld represents ideal example of dystopian world

The present study discusses on the dynamics of parent child relationship and emotional maturity of the young girls. The sample was drawn from city college students in the age group of 19-22. Data was collected on the two main measures – a) Parent-Child Relationship and b) Emotional Maturity. Certain socio-demographic information such as birth order, number of siblings, religion, parent education, family type and parental status was examined for their contribution on both emotional maturity and parent-child relationship. Both of the main variables were explored for their inter-relationship.

T h e p r e g n a n t w o m e n c o n s t i t u t e t h e m o s t vulnerable segment of a population from the nutritional standpoint; in particular the conditions of pregnant women belonging to low income group is a matter of serious concern. Proper nutrition during pregnancy is critically important for both the mother and foetus. The study was conducted to determine and compare the nutritional status of pregnant women belonging to the low income group in rural and urban areas of Bangalore and to find out whether the nutritional knowledge of the pregnant woman has any influence on her nutrient intake. T otal of 100 pregnant women were selected, among these 50 were from urban area of Bangalore and 50 were from rural area of Kankapur and Kengeri. Random sampling technique was used to gather the information. A survey cum interview method was used to obtain the relevant information. The result reveals that the nutrient intake of both the groups fell short of the RDA. It was also found that there was a significant dif ference in nutrient intake and hemoglobin levels. Assessment for clinical deficiency signs revealed that the nutritional status of the urban group was better when compared to the rural group. Nutritional awareness was found to be significantly more in the urban pregnant women, when compared to rural pregnant women and it was associated with increased nutrient intake in both the groups of pregnant women

Polycarbonates are studied for impact strength over a temperature range of -275-+250°F. They have excellent thermal stability and retention of physical properties and can be used continuously at temperature upto 250°F under load. Polycarbonates have high resistance to creep or cold flow. They are all self extinguishing under conditions set by ASTM, D635 and have high resistance and stability in water and in most acids. Typical properties of polycarbonate mouldings are studied at 73°F in table 4. Also, glass reinforced and unreinforced flame retardant properties of polycarbonate are highlighted.

Physical fitness implies the ability to function at one's level of Efficiency in all his daily living. Physical fitness is an instrument for social good. It is the capacity to successfully and fully respond physically, mentally and emotionally to the force of life without undue deliberations. Physical fitness is one of the facts of a person's all-round harmonious development. Physical fitness the cultural phenomenon of great complexity and magnitude is a historically preconditioned level of health and comprehensive development of a person. Physical activities, corresponding to the requirement of labor activity, normal functioning of the body's vital systems and longevity. Physical fitness adds grace to the young, wealth to the poor, and ornament to rich and acts as a consoling factor to the old. “The place of physical fitness in any society reflects something of that society's characteristics”. Physical fitness provides a touch stone for Understanding how people live, work and think .Think and may also serve as a barometer of a nation's progress in civilization.

Dielectric r elaxation and dipole moment of ethylene glycol (ROCH2CH2OH) with benzene and ethanol of differ ent concentrations wer e studied at micr owave fr equency of 21.4 GHz at 300K. Differ ent dielectric parameters like diel ectric constant (ε ) and dielectric loss(ε” ) at micr owave fr equency , static dielectric constant (ε 0) and optical dielectric constant ( ε ∞ ) o f these m o l e c u l e s a n d t h e i r b i n a r y m i x t u r e s o f d i f f e r e n t concentration wer e measur ed. The average r elaxation time ( τ 0), r elaxation time corr esponding to overall molecular r eorientation ( τ 1) and gr oup r otations ( τ 2) w e re d e t e r m i n e d u s i n g H i g a s i ' s s i n g l e f re q u e n c y measur ement. It has been observed that r elaxation time is very closely r elated with molecular parameters such as size, shape and natur e of the solute molecule. The excess inverse r elaxation time was determined to confirm the existence of hydr ogen bond in the binary mixtur es in non polar solvent. The dipole moment of the binary mixtur es w a s e v a l u a t e d u s i n g H i g a s i ' s a n d G u g g e n h e i m ' s equations. The evaluated values of dipole moments and computed dipole moment values using a simple mixing equation of the polar molecules binary mixtur es wer e u s e d t o e x p l o re t h e e f f e c t o f n o n - p o l a r s o l v e n t envir onment on molecular interactions between ethylene glycol with benzene and alcohol molecules

Climate change is already happening and represents one of the greatest environmental, social and economic threats facing the planet. The European Union is working actively for a global agreement to control climate change and is taking domestic action to achieve substantial reductions in its own contribution. It is also developing a European strategy for adapting to climate change.

We are all living in a society where too many changes about the information and technology takes place. Some people need to learn more and follow ever step of the new modern technology. Some people couldn't follow in every item of changes because have some obstacle, in the reality, we need to learn more and more about the technology because some item also get involve in our life such as mobile phone, computer, I-pad, internet and so on and so on….. No one deny because we realize that the word and society were change.

Ageing is complex phenomenon that is accompanied by physiological, psychological and social changes contributing to decline in health status. Nearly 12% of India's ageing population has been officially declared as “destitute” and they are forced to survive on meager pensions or sent to an old age homes by their own kith and kin. Aim: To study the Dietary Intake of institutionalized elderly women. Method: The present study was conducted in 2 different old age homes for women. The total subjects n=111. Group I non-vegetarian group consisted of 72 females (Mean age 71.25± SD12.95). Group II vegetarian consisted of 39 Females (Mean age 66.95±SD13.95). Dietary intakes of 111 elderly women were assessed by combination of food inventory and the weighment method. The nutrient intake of the inmates was calculated and compared with RDA. RDA for all the subjects was calculated on individual basis using Harris-Benedict formula. Result: Indicted that the energy and fat intake is on par with RDA and Protein intake was low in vegetarian group. In case of Non-vegetarian group the mean caloric intake, carbohydrate and fat intake is more than the RDA. The protein intake of this group is on par with RDA unlike the vegetarian group. Pertaining to the micronutrients intake, Iron and fiber is less than the RDA in both vegetarian and Non vegetarian group increasing their risk to become anemic. This finding stresses the need for dietary intervention or medical supplements based on their need to increase the iron and fiber intake of these institutionalized elderly women.

The population of the aged is increasing in the developed and developing countries. And the span of life had also increased. It is because of sharp decline in the mortality rate, steady decline in fertility rate and improvements in medical technology as well as public health programmes. India's aged population is currently the second largest in the world. As most of the old people are free from their earlier occupation and spending most of their time in family. Therefore, there is a need to study the problems of the aged particularly women and the status of the aged in the changing family system. The present study was conducted in Gulbarga city selecting 400 respondents of pensioners and nonpensioners category. Respondents were selected by using stratified proportionate sampling who were studied by employing an interview schedule.

Many corporations have adopted corporate social Responsibility (CSR) practices while pursuing their business objectives. The entire approach towards the development of the society is very scientific and well thought out. In all such endeavors, the benefits should trickle done to as many stakeholders as possible .These CSR initiatives can be implemented in the organization with the help of Human Resource Management (HRM) concepts like Quality of work life(QWL), so that manifestation of the concept of CSR can be visualized. This paper tries to explore the various aspects of the CSR concept, as well as QWL. It attempts to establish the correlation between CSR and QWL.

The self help groups are voluntary association of people formed to attain a collective goal. People who are homogeneous with respect to social background, heritage, caste or traditional occupation come together for a common cause to raise and manage resources for the benefit of the manage resources for the benefit of the group members. The most important feature of SHGs is that most of these groups are being organized by women. These are helping women to become financially, self-reliant. The regular meetings of the groups provide a platform to discuss and act on a variety of social issues such as health, dowry, domestic violence, child marriage, etc. So the present study is going to analyses empowerment of women by analyzing the various factors viz., expenditure, saving, indebtedness and income variations.

Insurance sector in India is one of the booming sectors of the economy and is growing at the rate of 15-20 per cent per annum. Together with banking services, it contributes to about 7 per cent to the country's GDP. Insurance sector in India was liberalized in March 2000 with the passage of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Bill. This lifted entry restrictions for private players and allowed foreign players to enter the market with some limits on direct foreign ownership. There is a 26 percent equity cap for foreign partners in an insurance company and a proposal to increase this limit to 49 percent. The opening up of the insurance sector has led to rapid growth of the sector. The potential for growth of insurance industry in India is immense as nearly 80 per cent of Indian population is without life insurance cover while health insurance and non-life insurance continues to be well below international standards.

Transgender is a general term applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors and groups involving tendencies to vary from culturally conventional gender roles. Male to female and female to male are the two gender identities which have been widely noted in the transgender literature. The study aims at unraveling the nutritional status of the selected transgenders. One hundred and twenty transgenders from the age group of 20-70 years were selected from the locale by using convenience sampling method. A detailed interview schedule was used to collect their demographic profile, lifestyle patterns, psychological aspects and assessment of nutritional status by adopting standardized procedure. Statistical analysis was applied to find the significance of their nutritional status based on the type of their type of activity. Transgender face more psychological problems and social exclusion is one of the most important one. Social exclusion is the failure of the society to provide certain individuals and groups with those rights and benefits normally available to its members such as employment, adequate housing, health care, education, training etc. they face exclusion starting from their family member's to the problems faced within their own community. Emotional changes have an impact on the food consumption pattern and hence they lack nutrients subjected to rejection, racism and lack of medical health care.

Agriculture is the base pavement, Industry is the roof and Technology is the pillar-architecture of any social development. From Vedic society, Indian agriculture was firmly adopting with traditional techno knowledge. Farmers were mainly eco-lover and to increase their agro-production in relevant of demand-supply ratio they were dependent on natural manure based organic elements. But in 2001 we have crossed 100 crores population's food demand. So, from upper politicians, scientists to lower peasants were thinking that how this food-crisis disaster can be checked?. All of them decided that we have to use chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides instead of natural manure. Farmers are doing this in their agro-field and trying to increase the production rate. And the result outcome, the production has increased but these contemporary modern techniques are not fruitful and production for local environment for long-term effect and we are staying a risk associate vulnerable periphery. This paper encompasses over the use of modern technologies especially chemical fertilizers, pesticides & compost in agricultural development of Goalpara Village & its adverse effects as well as remedial measures.

Indian society has undergone sea charges. European influence has brought about radical changes in the Indian Social structure. Social movements no doubt played their own part yet; western administration and English social life and their influence have been a part of Indian ethos. See everywhere there is a change. These days are not static. Change occurs every second. “Change is the key of Life”. Men change with the society and alter and adopt new habits and customs as and when a change takes place. Due scientific and technological progress world is changing.

The present research is focused on the identification of learning disabled children through teacher's and parent's observation, academic records and identification tests. Fifty identified learning disabled and fifty non-learning disabled children were administered the Misra's (1986) Home Environment Inventory to assess their home environment. The results were analyzed according to their age groups and gender. Learning disability is recognized as a diverse, heterogeneous disorder that can affect different aspects of an individual's life such as academic success, motor or perceptual functioning and social adaptation. Learning disabled individuals are found across all ages, socio economic levels and races, and their problems range from mild to severe. An incidence of learning disabilities in primary school children is around 10 to 15 percent in India

Diaspora Literature involves an idea of a homeland, a place from where the displacement occurs and narratives of harsh journeys undertaken on account of economic compulsions. Basically diaspora is a movement or migration of a group of people such as those sharing a national or ethnic identity away from an established homeland and a diasporic individual is an individual who disperses from an original centre to at least two peripheral places and maintains a memory, vision or myth about his/her homeland. Bharati Mukherjee is one of the Indian diasporic writer whose most memorable works reflect her pride in her Indian heritage, but also her celebration of embracing America. As she said in an interview in the Massachusetts Review, "the immigrants in my stories go through extreme transformations in America and at the same time they alter the country's appearance and psychological make-up."1 (645) In her own voice she tells the stories of her own experiences to show the changing shape of American society. She describes herself as unhyphenated American and not the hyphenated Indian- American title:“I maintain that I am an American writer of Indian origin, not because I'm ashamed of my past, not because I'm betraying or distorting my past, but because my whole adult life has been lived here, and I write about the people who are immigrants going through the process of making a home here....” 2 (654)

This paper deals with the role of media in the protection of identity of children in India and their right to information. W ith regard to the protection of the identity emphasis is laid on the laws in India which prohibit publication of identity of a child who is a victim or is a witness to a case. This paper also covers the initiatives which can be taken in India with regard to measures laid down under the convention on rights of Child

Accounting is a process to identify measurer and communicate economic information to permit informed judgments and decisions by the user of the information. Its function is to provide quantitative information, primarily financial in name, about economic entities, that is intended to be useful in making economic decisions and related choice among alternative course of action. Financial reporting may be defined as communication of published financial statement and related information from a business enterprise to all users. It is the reporting of accounting information of an entity to a user or group of users. It contains booth qualitative and quantitative information.

Poetry is not merely the study of joy, grief, wonder or amusement; it is all these disciplined and made accessible by the most sensitive use of the subtlest medium. How can the teaching of poetry be made inspiring interesting and influence the students to a greater extent to study and comprehend poetry? Literary texts alone cannot form the basis for teaching of a poem. Something more should be there than the simple elementary method. There are diverse opinions regarding the teaching of poetry, the complexities involved in the same and its place in the second language teaching programme.