In India, mobile service operators have always had to scramble for more spectrum allocation. However, in the last two years, the fight for spectrum has further intensified, mainly because the mobile subscriber base has grown at a very fast pace. Spectrum is like oxygen for mobile operators and lack of it leads to call drops (calls being disconnected) and congestion in the network. In India, allocation is handled by the Wireless Planning & Coordination (WPC) wing of the department of telecommunications (DoT). The two primary technologies in use today are GSM and CDMA. Both operate in different spectrum bands on account of their different technological requirements. The following spectrum bands are in use in India:GSM: Frequency bands 890-902.5 MHz paired with 935-947.5 MHz and 902.5-915 MHz paired with 947.5-960 MHz has been allocated to GSM technology. Initially, GSM operators are allocated a chunk of 4.4 Mhz and subsequent allocations are in multiples of 0.6 Mhz. This makes it a total of 25 + 25 MHz.CDMA: For CDMA, the frequency band earmarked is 824-844 MHz/869-889 MHz A total band of 20+20 MHz The allocation for CDMA, therefore, is slightly lower than that for GSM. CDMA operators are demanding that they be allocated as much spectrum as GSM which the latter is opposing.

India is a country of villages and about two –third of the total population lives in the rural areas. With diverse socio – cultural economic features the role of rural women in rural economy has been tremendous .They have to play both the home as well as farm affairs with multiple responsibilities. There is great need of up gradation of skills and technologist to increase the productivity of the rural women in diversified fields. The application of science and technology in removing the drudgery of their workload and improving their quality of life has been emphasized by the national planners and scientist but achievements in this direction is not significant. It is high to do micro planning of poor women in village and to empower them with right kind of technical skills and technologies. Present paper focuses on some potential technical trades and technologies useful for rural women for their socio-economic transformation.

The teacher in emerging Indian economy has a vital role in the development of a nation.He transmits wisdom, knowledge and experience to the next generation. The progress of future education depends on the teacher educators. Health is wealth.In this fat changing world teacher educators are suffering from stress and strain causing burbout due to professional commitment. The researcher studied the relationship betweeen burnout and PC. There is significant difference between the mean scores of personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion of male and female teacher educators.

The paper primarily is based on ongoing extensive field work conducted under University Grants Commission sponsored- University with Potential for Excellence, University of Mumbai, under the scheme the project entitled “ Understanding Occupational Pursuits of Dalits in Maharashtra : Continuity and Change”, the focus of the project is on understanding the Charmakars and Dhors traditional occupation. The Universe of the study is Maharashtra, covering regions such as Solapur (Pimpalner, Mangal Vede, Barsi, Vairag), In Kolhapur (Kale, Bazar Bhogav, Malahar Peth, Savarde, Kanchanwadi, Yelewade, Jawahar nagar) and other regions such as Karnataka (Athni), Kanpur (Unnav, Jajmoh, Shuklaganj, Tejbagh, Kanpur central. Agra (Agra-Mathura road, Agra city) and Kolkata (Banthala, Topshila, Phulbagan, Kausba, Bechulal road, Sopan Mandal, and Michael Nagar) and Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai. The purpose of the paper is to reflect upon the changing nature of doing field work in the contemporary context, where the relations between field worker and the field has become more complex then what was in the past decades.

The protective effect of spirulina against atrazine toxicity stress and haematological parameters was evaluated in fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio (Linn). Exposure to atrazine along with spirulina for 120 hours by an acute toxic dose 0.5 mg/L showed variation in the haematological parameters. Spirulina treatment shows marked elevation in the blood haemoglobin, RBC and haematocrit and the recovery was noticed. Atrazine induced haematological change were also minimised with the treated atrazine along with spirulina. These results suggest the spirulina algea might play a role in reducing the toxic effect of atrazine and its haematological effects seems to mediate such a protective effect.

E-learning is seen as offering solution to several challenges facing human. These include the move towards lifelong learning, with its ongoing demand for continuous professional development, and the drive to widen participation. These challenges come at a time of increasing pressure on resources and the increasing diversity in the student population and their modes of attendance including learning. Effective e-learning is a team effort which will require collaboration with a range of colleagues including librarians, support staff, learning technologists and educational developers. Support can be found at institutional and national levels and it is available in a variety of forms. Everyone has different levels of technical ability.

Many studies have proven that psychology plays an important role in the acquisition of motor skills as well as athletic performance. Therefore it is somewhat surprising that despite the growing body of research supporting emotional intelligence as an important tool for identifying superior performance levels within the workplace, it is yet to be the subject of rigorous research within other performance arenas such as the sporting environment. The aim of this study is to explore the difference of emotional intelligence between the male and female volleyball players. The data was collected from 30 male and female volleyball players from north zone interuniversity tournament. They filled the Mangal Emotional Intelligence Inventory (MEII) for measuring the emotional intelligence. After analysis the data it was found that male volleyball players have more emotional intelligence than the female volleyball players. Keywords: Emotional intelligence, Volleyball players;

Besides the basic human needs of food shelter and clothing there several other needs which are made available to the community depending upon their stage of development. There needs are met in the form of amenities such as portable water, shopping ,educational ,Medical and sanitational facilities, transport and communication and power etc. In the present paper the particular study of educational facilities. The importance of education hardly needs emphasis in the development. There has been therefore a rapid growth in the number primary schools in the region during the past decades.

Dr. Johnson remarked about Alexander Pope that “If Pope be not found, where is poetry to be found?” Pope is a satirist poet of 18th Century. His “The Rape of the Lock” is Pope first satire. It is a social satire as well as a mockheroic epic. Here, pope mocks at the “little unguarded follies” of the fair sex, and at the artificial social life of 18th Century London as a whole. The fashion, the artificiality, the vanity, and frivolity of the age is exposed. In order to satire, Pope uses different means of mock-epic conventions. He uses supernatural machineries like Sylphs, Nymphs, Gnomes and evil spirits.

Weightlifting is a game of strength, speed and technique. It is largely practiced all over the world. In the present study, attempts have been done to study physiological profile of novice weightlifters. We have measured various anthropometric and physiological parameters such as height, body weight, grip strength, blood pressure, etc. We have found that practicing of weightlifting significantly increases strength, aerobic capacity and cardiovascular efficiency as training period increases. It is also observed than adaptations due to weightlifting are gender specific

Observations were made on the occurrence, abundance and richness of aquatic avifauna in agro-ecosystem of Buldhana district of Indian state Maharashtra during Jan.2008-Dec.2009. Diversified agro-ecosystem of Buldhana district revealed abundance of twenty-eight species of water birds of thirteen families. The members of Ardeidae were dominant in all habitats. Several resident migrant and migrant birds were also recorded. The study showed that, the varied composition of aquatic birds associated with agro-ecosystem sharing common habitat for different purposes. The native flora such as scattered horticulture gardens, bushy scrubs and trees in agro-fields might have extended comfortable shelters and foraging ground for aquatic avifauna. It is hoped that this study would provide a preliminary database for the aquatic avifauna of this area for the further research

By adding third and fourth order phonon anharmonic interactions in the four particle cluster model Hamiltonian for the stochastic motion of groups and using double time temperature dependent Green.s function method, expressions for the collective phonon mode frequency, collective phonon mode frequency shift, ,collective phonon half width, dielectric susceptibility and dielectric tangent losses have been derived and discussed for KH2PO4. Using model parameters given by Ganguli et al [32] the transverse dielectric constant and observed dielectric constants have been calculated for KH2PO4 in its paraelectric phase. The temperature dependence of the transverse dielectric constant for KH2PO4 have been calculated and compared with experimental results of Raman Intensity [33], G. Bush [34] and Kaminow et al [9], the temperature dependence of the observed dielectric constant for KH2PO4 have been calculated and compared with experimental results of G.Bush [34], Deguchi et al [35], and Kaminow et al [9]. Observed dielectric constant explains the Curie-Weiss behaviour of dielectric constant along the c-axis of KH2PO4 crystal in the paraelectric phase. Also the temperature dependence of losses tangent in paraelectric phase for KH2PO4 at 9.2 GHz for field along the a-axis, along the c-axis

How a teacher should be in 21st century? This question ought to be a prime consideration for the revitalization of Teacher Education programmes. At present Teacher Education programs perform traditional role fo r educating teachers. It has become dogmatic and stereotyped. In one year (B.Ed./M.Ed.), two years (D.T.Ed.) or four y ears (B.A.B.Ed.) Teacher Education programmes student-teachers have to complete, many practicals/ activities during the course as:

After the decolonization of British India, the nation voted for the formation of Republic of India. It was a groundbreaking transformation from an oppressive regime to a democratic set up. The society was set in transition may it be living style, education or employment. The nation-state was developing with an amazing speed. Maharashtra was one of the major states of the nation in this process also due to its geography and history. With the formation of Maharashtra on the basis of language, new challenges arose. The identity of this modern state was yet to be developed.

Each worker is provided with a printed form or a card to last for a fortnight or more on which is recorded the date, number of beedis made in a day, the quantity of tobacco, leaf and thread consumed and the wages to be paid in separate columns; and payments are made every week or fortnight or month at the rate fixed for 1000 beedis. The system of making payment daily is also in vogue in some factories. In some places, no such form is provided and entries of production, etc., are made only in the register kept with the proprietor. In a few places, it was however noticed that the workers themselves are required to bring a note book in which entries about their production or that of the entire party are made. The workers, being unorganized, are generally deprived of many facilities, for instance, minimum wages, social security's and other employment benefits. The average actual earnings in the beedi rolling work vary widely from state.

Agriculture is the India's culture since time immemorial. Even today, Agriculture is a way of life and the principle source of livelihood for more than 52% of its population (Economic Survey 2009-10). Hence agriculture plays a key role in the overall economic and social well being of the country. Farmers face floods, drought, pests, disease, and a plethora of other natural disasters. The weather is their greatest adversary, something that can never be controlled by man. Yet, farming has been in existence since the caveman turned his spear in for a hoe. Farming has come a long way since then; nevertheless; farmers are still at the mercy of the heavens. Crop insurance is a risk management tool that farmers can use in today's agricultural world. Government of India as early as 1972 initiated the administered insurance schemes. But the lack of political and bureaucratic will failed one nobler scheme leaving the farmer to his fate.

elopment is the master word of the late 20th Century. Never before in history Have so many people in so many countries been so totally preoccupied with writing, Reporting, debating,planning,organizing,educating training,and acting to promote any Grand cause.Development has become an all-embracing word that is widely applied to agriculture and industry, science and technology,socio-economics and business etc. Chang. Develoment is a strictly human phenomenon.There is no development without Without people.it is humanity that develops agriculture,industry,science, economic systems,culture and countless other instruments and fields of self-expression. According to pandit Nehru,development means development of the consciousness.Progressive changes in ourKnowledge,understanding.perception,motives,values,art.skills,technologies,systems, insitutions,laws and th

In recent years, the adoption of mobile phones has been rapid so fast not only in India but also in the whole world. Owning a mobile phone was considered a luxury in India till the late 1990's.However with the reduction in service charges & the cost of handsets the number of mobile users in India soon increased. Mobile phones have become a need than a fashion accessory. The aim of the study is to investigate & understand the behavior of consumers of mobile phones in Srikakulam District& the Visakhapatnam District. And further capture their satisfaction level that is influenced by various technical & non technical factors. The study indicates that while price & features are the most influential factors affecting the purchase of a new mobile phone, its price, audibility, network accessibility, are also regarded as the most important in the choice of the mobile phones. The prime objective of the study is to understand the difference in the importance given by different gender groups to the selected factors while buying mobile handsets. The study concludes 57% of male has given importance to Quality of mobiles followed by price, features, Brand & style of mobiles.

Folk Theatre Of Karnataka Highlights The Rich Tradition And Culture Of The State In Dancing. This Form Of Theatre Is Also Known As "The Village Theatre", "The People`S Theatre" And "The Rural Theatre". The Folk Theatre Mainly Marks On The Past Of A Nation`S Theatre And Also Forms The Basic Structure Of Amateur And Professional Theatre Of Urban Areas. Folk Theatre Acts As A Live Spring And Recurrently Supplies All The Essential Ingredients To Other Forms Of Theatre. It Preserves, Rejuvenates And Also Inspires Cultural Achievements Of The People. It Forms The Supplies And Source Resources For The Progress Of Theatrical Art. "Real India Lives In Her Villages", Because The Village Houses The Folk With All Its "Soft Green Of The Soul" Of Culture, Art And Tradition. The Folk Theatre Of Karnataka - Music, Dance And Drama, Is Mainly Preserved And Protected By The People Of Villages.

The purpose of this research paper is to illustrate the industrial needs for Information Systems Security Engineering(ISSE) in order to build Information Assurance (IA) into a system rather than the current costly practice of fixing systems after production. Extensive research was performed by collecting information from throughout the World Wide Web to include sites such as the Workshop for Application of Engineering Principles to System Security Design, as well as many others. This research realized the following findings: (1) IA is dangerously left out of systems engineering processes; (2) a consortium from academia, industry and the federal government have formalized ISSE and its processes; (3) federally sponsored and industrially sponsored professional certifications exist for security engineers practicing ISSE; (4) ISSE, however, is not greatly used today due to a lack of understanding and a perceived high cost; (5) end-users are beginning to understand IA and are calling for more secure systems. This paper was written to illustrate a way forward, a method to bring ISSE to the frontlines of systems engineering and bring to life a notional concept of Designing for Security. This paper does not provide quantitative analyses as to the benefits of ISSE vs. the initial up front costs; however, further research should be accomplished in the future to address this. In conclusion, I recommend that ISSE must be identified as a critical component of the systems engineering lifecycle and be properly utilized to ensure that future products meet the IA demands of the end user. To achieve this, academia must build degree programs to educate ISSE and incorporate ISSE into existing degree programs; industry and the federal government must both embrace these principles and apply these techniques to their postproduction, active engineering as well as new program developments