Sales promotion is the important aspect of any industrial or other consumer goods to survive and be in the better position than its competitor. Asale is the heart of the enterprise. Most of the times customer is silent or dominant, there is a need to create awareness of the product in the market. This necessity on the part of top undertakes selling and promotion efforts. Sales promotion is the effective part of the sale. The promotion is always designed in keeping in mind in the shortest route to market and close to the customer, which helps the organization to improve sales. The study on Effectiveness of sales promotion was selected keeping in mind the present condition of the market i.e. increases in competition and recession in the economy. Both the factors have adversely affected resulting into a slow selling activity of all the companies in Sangli. To understand how Star Oil face their challenges and plan their strategies under this situation, the study was undertaken.

The first change as an individuals earning is food, without which the sustenance of life and continuing good health are not possible. The second charge obviously is clothing followed by shelter as the third essential item. Spending on which has to be provided for in a family's budget. Since shelter improves an individual's productive capacity, its importance was recognised a specific provision. It was only when the prime- minister included housing for the weaker sections of community in the twenty point programme that speedy and concerted efforts were made by the Union and State Government who provide shelter to the masses.

Protest Movements are essentially Social Movements. They are the vibrant expression of widespread popular discontent, dissent, protest and above all an ardent desire for social change and for social justice. Disillusioned over the existing state of affairs and practices, social minded leaders mobilized the people and provided necessary lead, attempted to bring about some changes in the direction they wanted. Pitted against the hegemonies of dominant castes and classes, the leaders sincerely worked for some structural changes in the caste ridden Hindu Society. Social Justice Movements are thus organized efforts of some social minded leaders “ to bring about either partial or total change in society through collective mobilization of the disadvantaged people based on a social ideology” .In this context, there took place remarkable political and social changes in South Travancore during the first half of the twentieth Century. The society of South Travancore was dominated by caste system. The lower caste people suffered in the hands of the high caste. The lower caste people wanted the eradication of untouchability and the right of entry into temples.

The responsibility of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is more significant and more deliberate in the process of global human development in all nations. It is imperative to understand the changing roles of NGOs, connotations for construction NGO capacity, and how NGOs can move forward the next pace from capacity building to bringing sustainable roles in the expansion of a lively and free communal society. The eventual accountability for determining the societal improvement lies with the non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Determining does not propose that NGOs should or even could reform the entire under developed sector on their own. Plenty of groups have a role to play in the betterment of society; politicians, professionals, the scientific community, the private sector, local government and the civil society organizations. The responsibility of community development that is entrusted to NGOs is exclusive and is entrenched in righteous politics as well as in widely held prospects. The sustainability factors are come up with three ways like financial sustainability, functional sustainability and formational sustainability. Financial sustainability covers financial aspects, functional sustainability surrounds operational aspects and formational sustainability envelops constructive aspects of NGOs. Sustainability of NGOs covers ten more interrelated factors: political policies, governmental regulations, economic fluctuations, social recognition, deliver of service, employee integration, international relations, tax implications and contingent issues. The organization officials are asked to rate the factors favoring for the sustainability and the scores for each dimensions are tabulated to predict the results.

Decentralization is a political process where administrative authority, public resources and responsibilities are transformed from central government agencies to lower- level organs of government. decentralization implies that the sub-national units of governments have the discretion available to them to engage in effective decision making affecting their area. Panchayat Raj Institute is playing a vital role in rural development. Maharashtra is known to be a progressive state in the field of panchayat. The state has adopted a three tier system of Zillah parishad, taluka panchayat and village level gram panchayat. The study region lies in Maharashtra state in this state the PRI has been worked most successfully. The basic objective of the study is to highlight the role of Panchayat Raj in rural development. The present study is based on primary and secondary data. The collected data has been interpreted with the help of statistical and cartographic methods. There are total 1238 Gram Panchayats, 11 Panchayat Sammittis and 01 Zillah Parishad. Gram Sabha is the basic functioning unit through which rural developmental schemes were approved. The study revealed that the role of PRI is to some extent functioning for implementing the development plans for the rural development, where the awareness level of PRI members is very high such as talukas like Pandarpur, Malshiras Barsi, Sangola and karmala but it is very low at Akkalkot, S. Solapur, N.Solapur Madha, Mohal, Mangalwedha.

Bhalki is one of the taluka of Bidar district. It is situated about 40 kms to northwest of Bidar town, in this taluka two rivers were flow one is Karanja and another is Manjra. Bhalki is located at 180 02! N 77013! E /18.030 N 77.220 E. It has an average elevation of 587 meters (1925 feet). As of 2001 India Census, Bhalki had a population of 35.102. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bhalki has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 61% of the males and 39% of the females literate. 14% of thepopulation is under 6 years of age. Official 1. language is Kannada, Marathi and Dakhni Urdu is also widely spoken

Tourism is emerging as one of the fastest growing industries of the world and it is also recognized as the most promising industry globally. It is growing almost at the rate of 6% per annum both in the domestic and international segments. International travelers are projected to nearly double in size by 2020 led by China, India, and SouthEast Asia. There has been remarkable growth in the recent years in foreign and domestic tourist arrivals to Assam due to various efforts made by Government of Assam, including promoting North-East through the “Paradise Unexplored”. According to Ministry of Tourism, Government of India (2010), there was 3865503 tourists arrived in Assam during 2009 out of which 3850521 were domestic tourist. Keeping this entire thing in mind the proposed paper shows the potentialities and problems of tourism in the Dhemaji district of Assam.

India, a south Asian democratic country, has many evidences on irrigation structures, systems and managements, almost from 8th century A.D. onwards. They captured India's long history of human interventions in the management of village water bodies for agriculture. Such interventions are irrigation tanks, wells, channels and dams. These were simple earthen banked rain water harvesting and storage structures, designed by the early settlers using their indigenous wisdom and constructed with the generous support of native rulers and chieftains over the past several centuries. Surprisingly these earthen structures have withstood the test of time and survived over many centuries.

Sexual harassment and eve-teasing are treated as low priority offences. The term eve-teasing is itself revealing in its indulgent overtones. It seeks to trivialise a very serious issue. We find women being insulted almost everyday, everywhere and every time. It is almost a torture for a woman to walk along on the road. Section 354 IPC deals with acts that outrage the modesty of a woman and punishes perpetration of this crime with fine and imprisonment but even small girls of tends age are victims of this crime. Recently such a crime was committed on a baby girl barely seven and half months old. Eve-teasing is no longer confined to innocent remarks; sexual harassment of girls at work place is also increasing, Authorities are concerned about the rising incidents of these crime and have tightened the dragnet to catch the culprits. Most of the times as eve-teaser indulges in an obscene behavior when he is in the company of his fellow friends. There presence facilitates his action and give him a sense of security, anonymity and less chance of his being caught. Inspite of these the crime (women) cell and different women's organisations are doing well.

The history of cooperatives in India is more than a hundred years old. Maharashtra sugar industry is one of the most large-scale sugar manufacturing sectors in the country. The pace of the growth of sugar manufacturing has been massive over the past few years. The latest statistics of sugar production in Maharashtra indicates that this state this state this doing better than the other states in the country

The 12 century Karnataka witnessed a great revolution known as a socioreligious movement triggered off by Basaveswara, a lingayat saint whose magnetic personality drew to Kalyan, the center of the epoch making revolution, enumerable shivasharana's and shivasharneya's from far and near who worked on an equal footing, forgetting their gender differences. Vachana literature was a by product of that great revolution, almost all saints who took lead in the revolution were poets who poured out their souls in vachana's, a unique literary from in Kannada. The advent of as many as 33 women saints, who were also Vachana writers, at one and the same time was an unprecedented phenomenon. Nothing short of a miracle, indeed! Before the rise of Basaveshwara on the religious horizon of India, there was an appalling ignorance everywhere.

The solid zeolites are modified to increase their usefulness under the different reaction conditions. The Different metals incorporate in to the zeolite gives different catalytic activities of the samples prepared hence are useful in carry out different catalytic reactions depending upon the Catalytic active metal incorporated in to the zeolite. The synthesized and highly crystalline form of Na-Y sample is used for further modification. As it is the largest zeolite in use in petrochemical industries and for different purpose in the word even today. The synthesized Na-Y is ion exchanged to converted in to NH4-Y by reflux method using Ammonium Nitrate and calcined at 5000C,The process were repeated three times to convert it in to highly crystalline low silica H-Y zeolite. The sample H-Y zeolite was treated carefully under controlled hydrothermal conditions at 550OC, at 700 OC \and 850 OC in succession one after the other by using previous sample as the base sample for each of the next samples After cooling at each temperature interval the above procedure of ion exchange and calcinations is repeated thrice for each of the sample to obtain the final product. This high silica H-USY sample thus prepared is used for encapsulation of nano particle Fe in oxidized form in stable position of host Zeolite (H-USY as zeolites pores are of nano size). and modified to Fe-USY products. These samples are characterized by XRD, ESR, UVVISIBLE, AAS, XRF techniques etc. The confirmation of incorporation of Fe in the sample at stable position and in the other environments, ESR studies are discussed in the present paper.

Graham Greene in his novel The Heart of the Matter deals with the theme of pity. He has given us one of the most intuitive analysis of the emotion of pity as an obsession in the portrayal of Scobie. Scobie's relationships are all based on pity. He is a weak man with good intentions doomed by his big sense of pity. Each character in the novel, be it Scobie or Wilson, fails in their ultimate goals by the end of the book. Scobie's ultimate sacrifice, suicide, fails to bring the expected happiness he imagines it will to his wife. The Heart of the Matter is not just about failure, but about the price we all pay for our individualism and the impossibility of truly understanding another person.

Accessibility to healthcare facilities has generally been identified as a major indicator of development, and the existing spatial pattern of distribution of healthcare facilities play very prominent role in gauging the level of efficiency or otherwise of the existing level of provision of these facilities within any region.Primary care is recognized as the most important form of healthcare for maintaining population health because it is relatively inexpensive, can be more easily delivered than specialty and inpatient care, and if properly distributed it is most effective in preventing disease progression on a large scale. Recent advances in the field of health geography have greatly improved our understanding of the role played by geographic distribution of health services in population health maintenance. The paper has studied the talukwise distribution of healthcare resources in Chamarajanagara District. The data has revealed the uneven distribution of healthcare centers, which indicated that Chamarajanagara taluk has more concentration of healthcare centers, while as Yelanduru taluk has low. Secondly, the ratio between population and health workforce has been carried out which has shown, the concentration of high ratio ofhealth workforce were found in Yelanduru taluk and less in Gundlupet taluk which indicates higher and lower healthcare facilities respectively