This article r eviews the aphid species associated with the cr ops in India, their origin, population dynamics, cytogenetic, feeding, symbioses, host range, r epr oduction, natural and chemical contr ol wer e discussed. Then, after a history of chemical contr ol and of its limits, the main contr ol strategies, micr oor ganisms ar e r eviewed. Several topics in this article ar e consider ed

Human r esour ce is the most significant and active factor of service pr oduction, human being is a master of all r esour ces may be natural or artificial. It plays a very important r ole in the ar ea of pr oduction and quality . Human brain is the gr eatest cr eation of natur e. It is an infinite and higher pr oductivity depends on the skill of employees. Human r esour ce is consider ed to be the centr e of all developmental pr ocess of economy . This study discover ed the “pay and satisfaction among library pr ofessionals”. How the payment is booting the employees satisfaction level and what kind of factors effects the library pr ofessional, It is clear fr om the analysis that the r esponses in most of the cases ar e positively r eceived. It is also found that most of the r espondents ar e satisfied with all aspects of library . The study is about job satisfaction of university and colleges library pr ofessionals In Gulbar ga city , it was very inter esting and informative both to me and to the or ganisation as well. The job satisfaction of employees in library is r eally good and about 80 per cent of the employees ar e satisfied with their job and r emaining ar e less satisfied, and dissatisfied. It shows that the management is highly enthusiastic in keeping employees satisfied

Much paper has been wasted over the debate – whether teaching is a 'profession' or not. We may hesitate to call teaching a profession if we judge it with the parameters of the professions like Law or Medicine. Rather teaching is a service to humanity with a mission of moulding the minds of the millions. Teachers are devoted to the noble service of 'making-of-man'. When taken as a profession, teaching reflects a high degree of academic excellence and practical wisdom in one hand and a wellintegrated value-system on the other – both oriented towards altruistic service. Like other professions, therefore, teaching should have a set of ethical codes to follow. As per the recommendations of NPE 1986 and POA 1992, the NCERT had developed the code of ethics for teachers in 1997. To make the RTE Act 2009 a success, as well as to keep up the prestige of their noble profession, teachers should abide by this code. This paper attempts to highlight some areas where the norms as laid down in the code are being flouted and some measures to mend those lapses.

The shar e of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled T ribes in enr olment as a per cent to total enr olment in higher education has been steadily incr easing over the years. However , their enr olment shar e in higher education is still lower as compar ed to their total population.

Colonialism is the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political contr ol over another country , occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically . Historically , this has often involved killing or subjugating the indigenous population. W ith the spr ead of Hellenic and Roman cultur e and technology by the Roman Empir e, the Renaissance and the Enlightenment of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, most of the world has at some point been colonized by a Eur opean country

The Herbal plant sector has traditionally occupied an important position in social-cultural, spiritual and medicinal ar ea of rural and tribal lives of India. In r ecent years, due to gr owing r e cognition of natural pr oducts and pr ocess in sustaining human as well as envir onmental, importance of medicinal plants r esour ces have incr eased tr emendously . Cultivation of medicinal plants in wasteland can impr ove the ecology and economy of the ar ea. W orld Health or ganization (WHO) has issued several sidelines pertaining to quality contr ol, assessment of herbal medicines, pr ogramme on traditional medicine and for evaluation the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines

The novels of Thomas Har dy ar e a pleasur e to r ead for all and sundry . His novels ar e varied in their settings, textur es and endings. Its r eally difficult for a common r eader to find out a pattern in his novels. But if studied car efully , one can find that his central characters under go a distinct transformation: most of his pivotal characters have a journey in the course of the novel fr om egotism to altruism. By selecting Far fr om the madding cr owd The mayor of caster bridge and T ess of the D'urberV illes, it will be possible to compar e works spanning fr om early to late in his car eer as a novelist. The settings of these thr ee novels ar e also varied : rural, urban and with The mayor of casterbridge, somewher e betwe en both the rural and urban.Finally ,the endi ng of these thr ee novels ar e also inter esting.Far fr om the Madding cr owd, though Har dy subtitles it a tragi -comedy , has a happy union at the end while T ess of the D'Urbervilles, clearly ends unhappily for the central character , The mayor of castridge again can be looked upon in both ways. It will be entertaining as to find out the effect of the V ictorian theorists and their works (namely Herbert Spencer , Charles Darwin and Lesly stephen) on Har dy in general and upon these characters in particular .

This paper analyses the overall performance of dairy industry in India: issues and challenges. The importance of dairying in our country har dly needs emphasizing. The vast r esour ces (mor e than 50 per cent of the world's buffalos and 20 per cent of its cattle) of livestock in the country play an important r ole in the national economy as well as in the socio-economic development of millions of rural households. Despite the drastic gr owth of service and industrial sector in India, still majority of the people nearly 70 per cent living in rural ar eas. Thus Higher gr owth of economy is impossible unless and until the rural ar eas developed well in all aspects. Under these cir cumstances the governments have intr oduced many schemes and pr ogrammes for rural development. But it failed to succeed in achieving its tar gets. Livestock sector arised as major sub- sector in agricultur e by pr oviding major sour ce of income to the majority of the people in rural ar eas, especially in dry land and dr ought pr one ar eas. The mar ginal and small farmers ar e the major beneficiaries of the dairy industry in rural ar eas. It pr oviding employment to the nearly 18 million people, mor e importantly 60 to 70 per cent ar e women. Dairy farming plays a significant r ole in sustaining the rural livelihoods, although the phenomenons of farmer's suicides, migration ar e widely pr evalent in rural India.

The new Oft said Framework is one sign that teachers pr ofessionalism is being r evived, in a sense. The idea that teachers should just deliver curricula has made them sound mor e like workers than pr ofessionals and this de motivating terminology as, to some extent, been r ecognized as such by government and other bodies. This potential impr ovement can be coupled with the incr easing evidence that many teachers ar e leaving after only a few years, literally because they find much of the curr ent accountability framework to be oppr essive. This is wher e the establishment of the GTC may lead to gr eater self-r egulation and a r eturn to a mor e trusted and autonomous teaching pr ofession

The concept of social r esponsibility is a fairly r ecent one in the business world. A war eness about the social r esponsibility of business or ganizations is rapidly on the rise and firms ar e also accepting this concept. The textile industry is no exception. T extile pr oducing and trading firms ar e also r ealizing their r esponsibility towar ds the society and the envir onment. This article aims at analyzing the concept of social r esponsibility a n d t h e c o m m o n w a y s i n w h i c h t e x t i l e f i r m s t r y t o f u l f i l l i t . When India is making a transformational pr ogr ess, GDP is gr owing at the rate of 8-8.5 per cent per annum, sensex is r eaching new heights every day , world is looking at us as one of fastest emer ging economies of world.

The aim of the pr esent investigation was to study the value patterns of teacher trainees in r elation to their education level, Socioeconomic Status, Place of r esidence and Caste. For the purpose of the pr esent study , a sample of 100 B.Ed. trainees studying in a self-financed B.Ed. course at Patna W omen's College, Patna was chosen. The Study of V alue T est developed by Ojha and Bhar gava was employed to gauge the value pattern of the teacher trainees. The data so collected was analyzed by converting raw scor es into Z-scor es and then infer ences wer e drawn studying the per centage distribution of the value indicators and estimating the corr elation among the value indicators. The findings of the study r evealed that teacher trainees mostly belong to average and high category for the six values involved in the study

Geographers ar e also involved in discussing the development economics, with view of spatial variation. No r egion can self sufficient, self r eliance, thus ther e is not uniform economic development within the r egion. Maharashtra is the leading industrialized State in India. Most of the industries in it located in the Mumbai – Pune – Kolhapur Industrial belt and in Thane and Nasik. Development of horticultur e in several districts of W estern Maharashtra had added a sizeable class of pr osper ous farmers who pr oduce sugar cane, fruits and vegetables. Thus the W estern Maharashtra transformed into a pr osper ous agr o – industrial r egion. V idharbha and Marathwada have little industrially developed. Nagpur is the only industrially developed agglomeration. Natural r esour ces found in Chandrapur , Bhandara helps to develop Eastern Maharashtra. These r egions ar e still r emaining under developed because of the State Policy . Ther e is not any kind of equilibrium in the State. It is with task that this r esear ch work is concerned.

This paper explores the effect of Neuro-Linguistic Programming in physics on achievement of higher secondary students. Neuro-Linguistic Programming, or NLP as it is more familiarly known, provides a powerful decoding mechanism for the way people speak, write and behave. Its purpose is to remove blockages and enable resultsorientated change through better interaction with other people. This study is carried out on a representative sample of 96 higher secondary school students of class XII. For measuring the dependent variable the investigators developed and standardized an achievement test in higher secondary physics. The design employed in this study is pre test post test nonequivalent group design of quasi experimental research. The result revealed that NLP strategies are effective in improving the physics achievement scores of class XII students. This finding has considerable implications for the students, teachers, adolescents, parents, and for the society at large

presently the social factor related to school system more aware for the classroom practices in the stage of curriculum teaching learning language, cocurriculum activity educational values and the system of examination. In study for compeer the relationship for teacher, student and parent for his curriculum, cocurriculum activity, educational value, examination method, and learning experience

The competent youth is the r eal wealth of nation. Education plays an important r ole in the pr ogr ess of nation because it is the education that can give dutiful citizen to the nation. Social envir onment affects childr en's education. Educated families contribute highly to their childr en's education. Theirs is the vital r ole. Generally , childr en fr om educated family backgr ound make much pr ogr ess wher eas the childr en fr om uneducated backgr ound do not. In some exceptional cases childr en make r emarkable development even though they have uneducated backgr ound and sometimes hostile cir cumstances.

This research has been performed with the aim of determining the relation between emotional intelligence (EI) and Self-Concept of the senior secondary school students. In gathering the data the descriptive method has been used and the measuring tools of Self- Concept Questionnaire (SCQ) developed by Dr. Raj Kumar Saraswat (1984) and Emotional Intelligence scale (2005) developed by Dr. Rambir Sharma have been used. The results obtained from Pearson Correlation showed that there is a positive significant correlation between emotional intelligence (EI) and self-Concept (r =0.3). It was also found that female students were better than male students with regard to their self Concept and emotional intelligence.

Rokeya's Sultana's Dr eam challenges or rather r ejects the supr emacy of men. She has tried her best to liberate women fr om the mental condition of 'enslave'. She believes that women will be liberated only when women earn a str ong faith on their caliber . The pr esent r esear ch paper intends to deal with Rokeya's interpr etation of feminism on the backgr ound of Sultana's dr eam.

India, a developing country in the thir d world with agrarian economy , has 72.20 per cent population living in 6,40,000 villages (2001 Census). In contrast, industrially developed state Maharashtra has 57.57 per cent people living in 41,095 villages. The study ar ea, Sangli district has 721 inhabited villages carrying 1,950,306 rural people (75.49%). The rural people has a lower literacy rate (74.14%) than the literacy rate of urban population (84.17%). Ther e is a positive corr elation between the degr ee of economic pr ogr ess and the degr ee of literacy . Literacy is an indispensable means to acquir e skills for impr oving economic and social well-being. The National Adult Education Pr ogramme, the first country-wide pr ogramme launched in 1978, viewed literacy as means to bring about fundamental change in socio-economic development. It is the key to both development and population contr ol. Sex-wise (Gender) study of literacy pattern r eveals that ther e is a striking differ ence in the literacy rates between males and females. Female literacy rate is comparatively lower than that of male. In India, despite our concr eted efforts in over last 60 years, only 65.38 per cent of the population was r eported as literate in 2001 Census, wher eas female literacy was 54.16 per cent. In case of rural ar eas, their pr oportions ar e 59.40 per cent and 46.70 per cent r espectively . As compar ed to Indian Scenario, Sangli district is a pr ogr essive district, with 74.14 per cent people ar e literate in which female literacy per centage is 62.42. Keeping this in view , in the pr esent paper apart fr om analysis (micr o / village level) of gender disparity in literacy , a modest attempt has been made to identity the villages, that need attention for pr omotion of elementary / adult education especially for women in or der to r educe or eliminate female literacy in rural ar eas of Sangli district

Acharya Jawadekar analysed Gandhiji's S a r v o d a y i s m . G a n d h i j i developed the principles of truth and non-violence thr ough India's fr eedom struggle. He achieved political fr eedom for India thr ough the power of satyagraha. Acharya Jawadekar meditated and analysed how the power of satyagraha should be utilized for economic equality . Accor ding to him, satyagrahi sarvodayism will be useful in independent India for establishing economic equality by giving it non-violent r evolutionary natur e. It will be an alternative for establishing economic equality by violent r evolution of western countries. The r eview of that pr ocess will be taken in this study

One of the biggest contemporary challenges of management in service industries is providing and maintaining customer satisfaction. Overwhelming customer demand for quality products and service has in recent years become increasingly evident to professionals in the tourism and hotel industry

Agricultur e is backbone of Indian economy . Since long back almost all the population engaged in agricultural activities .The economic gr owth of industries depend on agricultur e and development of agricultur e is entir ely depend on farm machineries hybrid seeds ,technical knowhow and some other inputs .Agr o service centr es pr oviding all the essential inputs to enhance agricultur e pr oduction . An attempt has been made to study the classification of agr o service centr es, which boosted the agricultural yield .It is helpful to over come the unemployment of lar ge number of educated people and to divert them towar ds the agricultur e sector . For the analysis data is collected fr om the all available sour ces

If I went to work in a factory , the first thing I' do is join a union. Franklin D Roosevelt. T rade Union is a continuous association of wage earners for the purpose of maintaining and impr oving the conditions of their working lives (Sidney and Beatrics) These associations ar e formed for collective action of the forwar ding of defence of its pr ofessional inter est(Chamber's Encyclopedia) Joint councils, Quality cir cles and participatory management ar e for salary earners to maintain an healthy work cultur e The function of all the four help the or ganization as a whole to work effectively and smoothly and maintains a close knitted or ganizational workfor ce

The term Multiculturalism r efers to an applied ideology of racial, cultural & ethnic diversity within the demographics of a specified place. Some countries have policies of multiculturalism aimed at r ecognizing, celebrating & maintaining the differ ent cultur es or cultural identities within that society to pr omote social cohesion. In this context multiculturalism advocates a society that extends equitable status to distinct cultural & r eligious gr oups, with no one cultur e pr edominating. Multicultural concerns have long informed India's history and traditions. Jammu & Kashmir is the home of differ ent races & sects and their history goes thousands of years back. It is a composite cultur e, being an ingr edient of Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist elements

It is needless to mention the need for retention of customers by an organization for which designing an efficient customer retention plan is very essential. Obviously, for preparation of such plan knowledge on the reasons behind losing customer is required. The possible reasons may be – Price related reasons, Product related reasons, Service related reasons, Benefit related reasons, Competitor related reasons and Personal reasons etc. An attempt has been made to study the customer's satisfaction, what customer expects from the seller, what customer hat, motives to the companies to adopt CRM and finally the strategies to prevent defection and recover lapsed customers.

It is har d to believe the fact that even after 21 years; we ar e again going thr ough another turbulent phase. T rue, we have definitely gr own since 1991 but the main imbalances then -fiscal deficit and curr ent account deficit- ar e in r eckoning again and have become the main concerns of today . Rising inflation was the most r ecent ticklish political issue that hit the Manmohan Singh government. But was inflation rising because of price rise in essential commodities? Or was it because of the of calculating inflation? My Resear ch paper is highlights two phase of Inflation one of them what is Inflation?, Curr ent Account to GDP Comparisons between India and Other Country , India Inflation Rate and second, Commodity futur es, twin-track inflation, factors of inflation rates, Effects and Contr olling Inflation and Highlight of RBI Monetary Policy r eview

Farming involves numer ous risks due to natural disasters. Cr op-Insurance is the risk management tool available to farmers. In India, Agricultural Insurance Co. Ltd., (AIC) offer ed various schemes to pr otect the farmers fr om natural disasters & r educe the uncertanity and loss in farming. W ith the help of various agri-insurance-pr oducts, AIC is mainly attempting for str enthening agricultur e as well as the farmers in India. National Agricultural Insurance scheme, which is implemented by AIC, is intr oduced fr om Rabi 1999. Maharashtra is one of the most beneficiary states under NAIS. The study is conducted to focus on the functioning of scheme in Maharashtra and also to know futur e tr ends of agri-insurance.

Cloud Computing is on demand, Pay per Usage and Service Based Computing using Internet as a communication Channel. T oday is an era of Cloud Computing and all ar e sifting to Cloud Envir onment. Resour ce allocation is a topic that has been used in many computing ar eas, such as operating systems, datacenter management, and grid computing. In Cloud Computing Resour ce Allocation module can be used as any mechanism that aims to guarantee that the applications' r equir ements ar e attended to corr ectly by the pr ovider's infrastructur e

In the wir eless sensor networks (WSNs), the sensor nodes (called motes) ar e usually scatter ed in a sensor field - an ar ea in which the sensor nodes ar e deployed. These motes ar e small in size and have limited pr ocessing power , memory and battery life. The motes in these networks ar e coor dinate to pr oduce high-quality information and each of these scatter ed motes has the capabilities to collect and r oute data back to the base stations, which ar e fixed or mobile. In WSNs, conservation of ener gy , which is dir ectly r elated to network lifetime, is consider ed r elatively mor e important so use of ener gy efficient r outing algorithms is one of the ways to r educe the ener gy conservation. In general, r outing algorithms in WSNs can be divided into flat, hierar chical and location-based r outing. In flat, all nodes ar e assigned equal r oles. In hierar chical, however , nodes will play differ ent r oles in the network. While in location-based r outing, sensor nodes ar e addr essed by means of their locations.

Co-operative banks in India ar e mor e than 100 years old. They came into existence with the enactment of Co-operative Cr edit Societies Act, 1904. Since their inception, these banks and their affiliated agencies have been playing a significant r ole in the socio-economic development of the country . Co-operative Banks enjoyed the monopoly till 1969. They supplement the commer cial banks to deepen the financial intermediation by bringing lar ge number of small depositors/borr owers under the formal financial sector . They form an integral part of the banking system in India. They mobilize deposits and supply agricultural and rural cr edit by an extensive network of their outlets (branches). They have played an important r ole in cr eating banking habits among the lower and middle-income gr oups and in str engthening the rural cr edit delivery system. Though much smaller as compar ed to SCBs in terms of business, they constitute an important segment of Indian Financial System. Though the banking sector r eforms did not leave significant impact on the functioning of cooperative banks, co- operative banks ar e changing their banking facilities and pr oducts as per the changing envir onment. They ar e facing various types of pr oblems and challenges in curr ent competitive era; even then, they ar e equally important for making financial inclusion a success. It is r ecognized that co-operative bank s and SCBs ar e complementary to each others. Both ar e important for financial inclusion. Mor e specifically , when we see the cooperative banking structur e of our country , we find that State Co-operative Banks (SCBs) ar e important institutions in this structur e. They contr ol, r egulate and supervise the entir e cooperative movement in their concerned states. They ar e also known as Apex Banks. So, the evaluation and appraisal of their functioning, performance and efficiency become essential

Irrigation is an artificial supply of water to land for gr owing cr ops and to incr ease the per hector yield. Irrigation is necessary particularly in and uncertain rainfall ar eas. It is essential and artificial application of water to over come the deficiencies in rainfall for gr owing cr ops. Irrigation is one of the indispensable inputs in the transformation of agricultur e. However , it is r ecognized as basic necessity of cultivators in arid and semiarid r egions for sustaining high pr oductivity of cr ops and also to bring mor e and mor e land under cultivation

The purpose of the study is to visit the application of flexibilityin context of marketing system of an or ganization. Paper also aims to pr esent the attributes of flexibility in the four P's of marketing that helps the or ganization to cope with any uncertain envir onmental changes with fewer penalties in terms of time and money . Resear ch carried out with the help of extensive literatur e r eview and corporatecase studies have been included to demonstrate the benefits of marketing flexibility . It is found fr om study that flexibility in marketing system significantly r educes the vulnerability of the business. It not only helps in sustaining the competitive edge of a firm during normal business conditions but also enables the or ganization to at least maintain its status quo in case of any devastating envir onmental change.

DI plays an important r ole in the development pr ocess of a country . It has potential for making a contribution to the development thr ough the transfer of financial r esour ces, technology and innovative and impr oved management techniques along with raising pr oductivity . Developing countries like India need substantial for eign inflows to achieve the r equir ed investment to accelerate economic gr owth and development. It can act as a catalyst for domestic industrial development. Further , it helps in speeding up economic activity and brings with it other scar ce pr oductive factors such as technical knowhow and managerial experience, which ar e equally essential or economic development.

Development in agricultur e sectors is dir ectly r elated to futur e food security . Countries that have invested in agricultur e r evolution early ar e now r eaping the benefits of food security . Early adopters of new r esear ch ar ea in the field of agricultur e have now become knowledge disseminators and consultancy pr ovider . Farmers who have adopted the new wave of farming practices have become examples to institutions of agricultur e and to other farmers. W ith the new wave of information r evolution Indian farmers have also started r eaping the benefit of IT wave. A farmer thinks of value addition to their existing farming practices.The r ole of corporate sectors has also incr eased in the agricultur e sector . Agricultur e based industry r ely on the new farming practices that synchr onizes with the pr oduction distribution and pr ocessing of commer cial farming. Role of media in commer cial farming is basically to cr eate an envir onment wher e innovation in farming practice is fused with its adoption. Media also cr eates favorable appr oach fr om all the quarters to new agricultur e innovations and practices. The pr esent paper explor es the attitude of employs, students and teachers in the field of agricultur e towar ds agricultur e corporate sectors

As a matter of drastic change in economic paradigm in India, the pr ocess of liberalization has been intr oduced in the year 1990-1991. This step is being tr eated as gateway to export led gr owth for the 21st century . The policies aimed at this r eform, however by chance factor has with stood the political obstacles. The need for the r evamping country's tax system was felt since long due to its complexity in structur e and unfairness in actual incidence. The pr emise holds that r elatively lower tax rate would accelerate the pace of tax collection for the Government exchequer and deter the tax evasion. In 1991, the Government of India as a r esult, constituted a high level committee under the chairmanship of Raja Chelliah (Chelliah Committee) to rationalize indir ect taxes and to intr oduce a modern tax system in the country .

The impact of Self Help Gr oups (SHGs) on women empowerment is assessed based on the data collected fr om a sample of 1200 curr ently married women aged 15-29 years selected fr om each of the rural and urban ar eas of thr ee differ ent districts of T amil Nadu. The r esults of both the univariate and multivariate logistic r egr ession analysis indicate that SHG is an independent and pr edominant factor in determining the empowerment status of women in both the rural and urban ar eas of T amil Nadu. Education of women also emer ged as an important determinant of women empowerment in both the rural and urban ar eas. The other significant factor influencing women empowerment in both the rural and urban ar eas is exposur e of women to mass media.

Aim of the study is to investigate that level of assertiveness can affect conflictive thoughts of students. For this investigation 160 college going students belonging to the age gr oup of 17 to 23 years, out of which 80 students wer e higher assertiveness and 80 students wer e lower assertiveness fr om Beed District. T o assess level of Assertive Inventory: - Assertive inventory developed by Dr . T asneem Naqvi wer e used, and to assess the Conflictive Thoughts the Conflictive Thoughts Analysis Inventory , constructed by C. G Deshpande wer e used. Mean, S.D. and 't' test was applied to find out the differ ence between two gr oups. The r esult obtained thr ough the study shows Student who exhibit high level of assertiveness experience lower conflictive thoughts than student who exhibit low level of assertiveness.

T oni Morrison seems to have r ealized this awful truth by the time she comes to write her second novel, Sula (1973). The major pr edicament that Morrison considers in this novel is, ther efor e, two-fold-the effect of racism upon black identity formation, and the effect of racism and sexism upon the identity formation of the black female. In an interview conducted by Colette Dowling, Morrison states that “blacks is they ar e to succeed in America society , must leave their native communities, and in so doing, cut themselves off fr om their old lives.” (New Y ork T imes Magazine, 58) This amounts to double isolation, since the doors to the white America mainstr eam generally r emain closed to blacks

Abstract. Lactic acidosis is a br oad-anion gap metabolic acidosis caused by lactic acid overpr oduction or underutilization. The quantitative dimensions of these two mechanisms commonly differ by 1 or der of magnitude. Overpr oduction of lactic acid, also termed type A lactic acidosis, occurs when the body must r egenerate A TP without oxygen (tissue hypoxia). Cir culatory , pulmonary , or hemoglobin transfer disor ders ar e commonly r esponsible. Overpr oduction of lactate also occurs with cyanide poisoning or certain malignancies. Underutilization involves r emoval of lactic acid by oxidation or conversion to glucose. Liver disease, inhibition of gluconeogenesis, pyruvate dehydr ogenase (thiamine) deficiency , and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation ar e the most common causes. The kidneys also contribute to lactate r emoval. Concerns have been raised r egar ding the r ole of metformin in the pr oduction of lactic acidosis, on the basis of individual case r eports. The risk appears to be considerably less than with phenformin and involves patients with underlying sever e r enal and car diac dysfunction.

Anti-mitotic agents such as colchicine have been used to induce polyploidy in various plants. Her e we examined the effects of the combined tr eatment of 5 kR Gy + 0.10% SA on polyploidy induction in Linum usitatissimum. The phenomenon of chr omatin transfer (cytomixis) among the pr oximate pollen mother cells (PMCs) in this species seems to be dir ectly under genetic contr ol and causes various meiotic abnormalities. Chr omatin transfer also r esulted in the formation of coenocytes, aneuploid, polyploid and anucleated PMCs. The data also r eveal that effects of cytomixis in PMCs on the induction of polyploidy and plant gr owth rate wer e statistically significant. T etraploid plants of Linum (4x = 2n = 60) had lar ger vegetative, r epr oductive parts than their normal diploid plants (2n = 30). This type of mutation br eeding makes extensive use of deviations fr om the norms to impr ove the characterstics of cr op and for tailoring better varieties of cr op plants by plant br eeders

The pr esent communication deals with description of a new species of the genus, Dipylidium Leuckart (1863) with its type species, Dipylidium crassum Millzner (1926), Dipylidium longutum Millzner (1926) Dipylidium gracile Millzner (1926), Dipylidium wakleri Sandhi (1923), in having the number of testes, but differs fr om them, in many characters

This paper describes the implementation of the T ime Series. W e have to study the tr end of five year prices of turmeric. The natur e of data shows fluctuation in the prices. It shows its Cyclical Natur e and Seasonal variation usually by observing the lar ge data. T o identify the for ce or components at work, the net effect of whose interaction is exhibited by the variation of a turmeric prices also study the variation of prices due to cyclical natur e and seasonal variation of data. Use the Least Squar e method for finding the tr end. So, in total it is a five year cycle. Thr ee year's prices go up and two years prices go down. It can be utilized by farmers for sowing purpose. So, that economically they will be benefitted

Michel de Montaigne's Essais ar e the fr ee observations of a Fr ench nobleman between his fortieth and sixtieth years of life. Montaigne's attempt to examine the world thr ough the lens of the only thing he can depend on implicitly- his own judgement- makes him mor e accessible to modern r eaders than any other author of the Renaissance. Much of modern literary non-fiction has found inspiration in Montaigne and writers of all kinds continue to r ead him for his masterful balance of intellectual knowledge and personal story-telling. His books ar e utterly original. They ar e not confessional and make no claim to composing the narrative of a life, only of the shifting pr eoccupations of their pr otagonist with the Gr eek and Roman writers and of course with himself. Hence, Montaigne has been described as the first modern man Montaigne's essays deal with subjects of varying significance; ranging fr om the powerlessness of r eason to attain knowledge to the healing arts, calendar r eform, witch trials, horses, household matters, exotic peoples and so on. V ery tactfully intertwined with all these ar e the author's r eflections on the living of his own life, fr om the mundane day- to- day activities to the gr eat concerns affecting mankind fr om antiquity till the modern times such as friendship, social inter course, loneliness, fr eedom, virtue and death. On first encountering the Essais the r eader is bewilder ed by the superficial randomness that seems to pr evail in this book. The significant and the mundane, outdated themes and universal ones, all find pride of place but not necessarily in that or der . After delving deeper into the Essais the r eader r ealizes that several central ideas run thr ough this meandering work.

Chhattisgar h state is basically known as “Dhan Ka Katora” (Rice Bowl). The State has witnessed tr emendous gr owth in the cooperative sector . Cooperative Agricultur e and Rural Development Banks have plays a vital r ole in the socio-economic development of the State, particularly in the rural ar eas and in agricultur e and allied sectors and always r ecognized as an integral part of state economy with its network. The Primary Cooperative Agricultur e and Rural Development Banks (PCARDBs) have mor e r eached to the rural ar ea of Chhattisgar h state, thr ough their huge network. They operate under a two-tier system known as (a) Chhattisgar h State Cooperative Agricultur e and Rural Development Bank (CSCARDB) at the state level, and (b) Primary Cooperative Agricultur e and Rural Development Bank (PCARDB) at the block level numbering 77 cater to the long term cr edit needs. This paper attempts to analyze the overall performance of CSCARD Bank in agricultural cr edit. The methodology adopted for this study is mainly thr ough compilation of theor etical inputs, tallying them with practical, observed data and logically building a case for overall systemic r eforms. An exploratory r esear ch design is followed in the pr esent study . Empirical analysis r esults show that the incr ease in the level of agricultural loans granted by the CARD Banks positively influence development of agricultur e in Chhattisgar h

District Central Cooperative Bank plays a vital role in the agriculture and rural development of the Rajnandgaon. The DCC Bank has more reached to the rural area of Rajnandgaon, through their huge network. The DCC Bank Rajnandgaon acts as intermediaries between State Cooperative Bank (Apex Bank) and Primary Agriculture Cooperative Societies (PACSs). The success of cooperative credit movement in a district is largely depends on their financial strength. DCC Bank is a key financing institution at the district level which shoulders responsibility of meeting credit needs of different types of cooperatives in the district. At present, most of the district central cooperative banks are facing the problems of overdue, recovery, nonperforming assets and other problems. Therefore, it is necessary to study financial performance of DCC Bank Rajnandgaon. This paper attempts to analyze the financial performance of DCC Bank Rajnandgaon during the period 2000 to 2010-2011. An analytical research design (Growth Rate) is followed in the present study. Empirical results show positive and sufficient growth of DCC Bank Rajnandgaon.

An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, or dinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of her oic deeds and events significant to a cultur e or nation. It is a vibrant genr e of literary expr ession that or ders human experience, explor es socio- cultural values and demands an emotional and ethical r esponse fr om the r eader . The telling of stories is a pervasive aspect of our envir onment. V yasa's Mahabharata is one of the major Sanskrit epics of India. Besides its epic narrative of the W ar of Kurukshetra and the fates of the Kauravas and the Pandavas, the Mahabharata contains much philosophical and devotional material. It is also consider ed as historical monument. It is written version in classical Sanskrit and widely translated and interpr eted into vernacular , national and international languages, transmitted as books, cheap editions, and handwritten copies as well as thr ough oral performance

The study attempts to develop and validate a new instrument to measur e therapeutic r elationship for use with high hospital principals and hospital employees. By using the thr ee domains of therapeutic r elationship, namely Patient factor , Therapist factors and Envir onmental factors, a primary questionnair e with 142 – item was developed and tested based on a sample of 250 hospital employees drawn fr om 4 hospitals r epr esenting in Iran. KMO Measur e of Sampling Adequacy (.832) and Bartlett's T est of Sphericity (1345.32) and Analysis of Scr ee Plot have shown that the pr operties of sample ar e appr opriate for factor analysis. Factor analysis for the final items items wer e made fr om which 64 items wer e extracted which had factor loading of >0.5 on the four domains. The pr operties of r eliability and validity have borne significant r esults which show this instrument can be consider ed suitable to determine the position of therapeutic r elationship in hospital employees

By the middle of the nineteenth century , the British Empir e in India was at its pinnacle. Only few portions of the north India,formally constituting the domains of Ranjeet Singh, wer e yet to be br ought under British paramountancy .V ery soon these alluring r egions acquir ed a gr eater importance for being a natural bor der land, and cr eated necessary pushes and pulls to implant colonial rule ther e as well. Thr ough a number of travelogues, maintained by the Eur opean travellers, who visited these r egions in the guise of hypocritical travelers, the secr ets associated with these lands wer e r evealed. Mor e essentially the travel accounts developed by victor Jacquemont and Bar on Charles Hugel emphasized the need to conquer these vital r egions. The pr esent paper traces how these two travel narratives particularly , not just demonstrated,but powerfully asserted thatthe impoverished lands and the decadent subjects of Lahor e Darbar need a touch ofmessianic British rule. Besides with the objective of motivating the British intervention, the geo-political, geo-strategic, and military-cum economic potentialities of these r egions was str essed in such a way that in subsequent years, all these lands became the focus of imperial business

In the beginning of his public service and political car eer , Periyar E.V .Ramasami Naicker . adopted the goals of Congr ess as his aims. He fully utilized the period for building up his image in the Congr ess and became one of the chief exponents of Gandhi's Constructive Pr ogrammes in T amil Nadu. He fully dedicated his life for the T emperance Campaign and Khadi Movement and the r emoval of Untouchability . He made public speeches in colloquial T amil and succeeded in ar ousing awar eness among ignorant people. He was well backed by Rajagopalachari, the lieutenant of Gandhi. Rajagopalachari's support and his individual influence among the Non-Brahmin Leaders and his active r ole in the Non-Co-Operation Movement, helped E.V .R to rise quickly in the hierar chy of T amil Nadu Congr ess. In 1920 itself, he became the Pr esident of the T amil Nadu Congr ess. Seeing his sincerity and tr emendous work in spr eading Congr ess Ideals, T .V . Kalyanasundara Mudaliar , a pr ominent Congr ess Leader was astonished and highly praised E.V .R. The Congr ess Or ganisation was much pleased with his services as a selfless Social W orker .

The Internet is one of the most important and complex innovations of mankind. It is a powerful means of communication, dissemination and retrieval of information. The internet is a worldwide network of networks. It has become the world's fastest growing media worldwide and it has spread its wings in most of the sectors. It has opened number of possibilities and opportunities to our young generations.

Language has been a binding factor and also the str ength of the people of a r egion. Thus, language pr ovided the base for the gr owing nationalist movement in Karnataka in late 19th and early 20th century . The people, mor e particularly the intelligentsia, pr otested against Kannada being r eplaced or dominated by other languages, especially the neighbouring r egional ones like Marathi, T elugu. The r esistance was surprisingly not much against English, the official language of the ruling class. The movement that initially started as a pr otest against linguistic oppr ession soon morphed into one that demanded a separate state to be cr eated consolidating all Kannada-speaking r egions. Thus, making the unification of Karnataka one of the major historical events in India. The paper is an attempt to study the linguistic movement in Karnataka during late 19th and early 20th century . D.R. Bendr e, the noted Kannada poet r epr esent a significant moment in the history of Karnataka. Her e an attempt has been made to analyse his r ole in the unification movement

The development of tribal communities r eceived an impetus after launching T ribal Sub Plan (TSP) in 1972. This plan included education as a cor e component for accelerating school education. Accor dingly , ashram schools wer e established and the pr ogramme was implemented. The ashram schools have helped to incr ease access to education for tribals. This pr ogramme helped to incr ease the level of enr olment of tribal students and also r educe the number of school dr opouts in tribal ar eas. This is r eflected in academic achievement of deprived tribal students. The issue was addr essed by a leading NGO thr ough various educational activities in TSP ar ea of Maharashtra in 52 schools. On this backgr ound, a study was conducted in thr ee ashram schools in Akole Block, cover ed under TSP ar ea of Ahmednagar District in Maharashtra. The main objective of the study was to identify the factors r elated to low achievement among tribal students and suggest interventions for impr ovement.

John Keats is the most pr omising figur e of the early 19th century and one of the most r emarkable in the history of literatur e. He belongs to the younger gr oup of Romantics like Byr on and Shelley . All his works ar e published in 3 short years fr om 1817 to 1820. But apart fr om all his works Keats odes show supr eme formal mastery . “The odes of Keats ar e not only the gr eatest lyric achievements but they ar e the finest expr ession of his genius”. Nothing like his Odes to be found in English literatur e. His odes have achieved deathless glory because they ar e par excellence. He gives us most of his inmost self and when he does so it is with the sur e hand of the gr eat artist.

In the Buddha's day , societies wer e mor e deeply r ooted to their place in the natural world. Economies wer e mor e localized — in other wor ds, of a scale that made explicit the human inter dependence with other sentient beings and the r est of cr eation. Relations between people and between cultur e and natur e wer e r elatively unmediated. Dir ect observations and experiences of the natural world pr ovided the basis for ethical decisions in individual lives. The Buddha's teachings and pr ecepts wer e formulated within the context of societies shaped by these dir ect connections to community and to the living world. Buddhism is, in fact, about life. It is about the constantly changing cycles of the natural world: birth and death, joy and sorr ow , the opening of a flower , the waxing and waning of the moon; it i s about the impermanence and i nter dependence that characterize all that lives.

Pr oblem solving r efers to a state of desir e for r eaching a definite goal fr om a pr esent condition that either is not dir ectly moving towar d the goal, is far fr om it, or needs mor e complex logic for finding a missing description of conditions or steps towar d the goal It is the concluding part of a lar ger pr ocess that also includes pr oblem finding and pr oblem shaping. Consider ed the most complex of all intellectual functions, pr oblem solving has been defined as a higher -or der cognitive pr ocess that r equir es the modulation and contr ol of mor e r outine or fundamental skills. Pr oblem solving has two major domains: mathematical pr oblem solving and personal pr oblem solving wher e, in the second, some difficulty or barrier is encounter ed. While pr oblem solving accompanies the very beginning of human evolution and especially the history of mathematics, the natur e of human pr oblem solving pr ocesses and methods has been studied by psychologists over the past hundr ed years. Methods of studying pr oblem solving include intr ospection, behaviourism, simulation, computer modeling and experiment. The investigator selected this topic in or der to assess whether the pr oblem solving ability depends on the academic achievement and sex. Further the variables of sex and academic achievement ar e dependent of each other , when pr oblem solving ability is taken as the dependent variable is also measur ed

n the competitive marketplace of today , or ganizations need a highly motivated, pr oductive and flexible workfor ce and work-life balance helps in achieving this. A major challenge of balancing the competing demands of work and family is not new . But the amount of r esear ch being conducted on the topic is an indication of its importance to both or ganizations and individuals today . W ork-Life Balance in today's fast-paced world pr esents a major challenge to both employers and employees. Striking a healthy work- life balance is significant for both employer and employee which call for attention fr om both the sides

This paper explains the pr ocedur e of developing and standar dizing a leadership behavior scale constructed by the authors to measur e the behavioral of the head of institution. After critical study r elated to instituti onal behavior of head, twenty four dimensions wer e selected for constructing the tool. The pilot study had 76 items, r elated to all the twenty four dimensions. The newly constructed scale which consists of 60 items had face validity , content validity , construct validity and r eliability

The socio-economic background of the hotel workers decides about the different social and economic reasons, for which these workers joined to hotel work. Hence, the present section attempted to know about the socio-economic background of the hotel workers. Urbanization, industrialization, and modernization have brought rtimerous changes in Western societies, after industrial revolution. Industrial Revolution contributed towards establishing colonial regimes in Asia and Africa. The Society experienced structural changes and brought a phenomenal change in human relations. It is for the first time the Western liberal ideas travelled the Asian and African nationalities'. Colonialism brought East and West together and encouraged cultural give and take between them. New occupations and industries emerged in almost all societies in the world. The traditional set up of the society was seriously disturbed. India was one of the important colony of the Britishers.

Fungal infections ar e common in human beings and animals. The r ecent development of novel antifungal agents as significantly contributed to the successful tr eatment of fungal dieases.Most of these agents ar e fungistatic and do not kill the fungal cell. Thus facilitating the emer gency of r esistance species, which further complicate therapy .Alternatively , some of the most effective anti fungal agents ar e too toxic after continuous use or can only be administer ed intravenously . The ideal antifungal drug would be non toxic, fungicidal, and amenable to self administration. Anti fungal agents have wider range of applications.

Fungal infections ar e common in human beings and animals. The r ecent development of novel antifungal agents as significantly contributed to the successful tr eatment of fungal dieases.Most of these agents ar e fungistatic and do not kill the fungal cell. Thus facilitating the emer gency of r esistance species, which further complicate therapy .Alternatively , some of the most effective anti fungal agents ar e too toxic after continuous use or can only be administer ed intravenously . The ideal antifungal drug would be non toxic, fungicidal, and amenable to self administration. Anti fungal agents have wider range of applications.

Devadasi practice is an ancient practice which offers girls to the deities in Hindu temples. The girls should not marry and hence become pr ey for social evils such as for ced pr ostitution. Realizing the disadvantages of Devadasi practice, the Government of Karnataka passed legislation the Karnataka Devadasi Act in 1982 to pr ohibit Devadasi practice. Still due to social beliefs, the practice still pr evailed in Karnataka, especially in the temples of Renuka Y ellamma T emples of Saundatti and Chandragutti. The Government of Karnataka also formulated r ehabilitation and welfar e schemes for the overall socio-economic development of Devadasis. The pr esent study is a survey of 400 devadasis in Saundatti taluka of Belgaum district and the information was collected fr om interview schedule. It is suggested fr om the study that ther e is need for mor e social welfar e and r ehabilitation schemes for devadasis and ther e is also need to incr ease awar eness of the Devadasis on the r ehabilitation and social welfar e schemes, so as to get the benefits fr om the same

This study aims to assess the quality of life of T sunami Affected Persons (T APs) in Nagapattinam district, T amil Nadu. The corr elates of these dimensions with selected demographic and socio-economic variables have also been br ought out. The participants wer e adult head of the households (141 male and 47 female; N =188) in Palayar village of Nagapattinam district. The W orld Health Or ganisation Quality of Life Instrument was used for data collection. The mean age of the r espondents was 37.6 years. Half of them had studied up to middle school level. Their average monthly family income was Rs 10193.62. Based on gr oup mean for each dimension, r esults indicate that the majority of r espondents scor ed 'low' on quality of life (60.6 %, mean=79.97). Bi- variate analysis of data shows that their education and income is positively corr elated with quality of life wher eas it is negatively corr elated with the age of the r espondents. It shows that education and income of the r espondents incr eases the quality of life also incr eases. Age of the r espondents incr eases the quality of life decr eases

The pr esent paper deals with spatio-temporal tr ends In sex-ratio and various sex differ entials, such as rural, urban and in differ ent age gr oups. In the year 1901, the sex ratio for the district was 980 famales per 1000 males, which wer e also higher that than for the state of Maharashtra (978) and for India (972). In the year 2001, the sex ratio of the district worked out 932 females per 1000 males,In the year 1991 sex-ratio of rural ar ea was r ecor ded 943 as against 933 female per too males in 2001. Wher e as the sex-ratio in urban ar ea was r egister ed 904 in the year 1991 and 926 in the year 2001. Thus the sex-ratio has r ecor ded a continous decr easing tr end since the beginning of the 20th century . If the situation continues in the same manner , one day will come, wher e will be no girls. Thus the issue is an ur gent need of consideration to fullest extent.

This article r eviews the aphid species associated with the cr ops in India, their origin, population dynamics, cytogenetic, feeding, symbioses, host range, r epr oduction, natural and chemical contr ol wer e discussed. Then, after a history of chemical contr ol and of its limits, the main contr ol strategies, micr oor ganisms ar e r eviewed. Several topics in this article ar e consider ed

This article r eviews the aphid species associated with the cr ops in India, their origin, population dynamics, cytogenetic, feeding, symbioses, host range, r epr oduction, natural and chemical contr ol wer e discussed. Then, after a history of chemical contr ol and of its limits, the main contr ol strategies, micr oor ganisms ar e r eviewed. Several topics in this article ar e consider ed

Biphenyls is a state of matter which is sometimes observed intermediate between a solid crystal and an isotr opic liquid. Biphenyls ar e of various kinds but we ar e concerned with only two types i.e., 2,3,4-mono-substituted biphenyls and 4,4'- substituted biphenyls. In view of the varied possible importance in case of both kinds of biphenyls, a compr ehensive study has been carried out on the pr eparation of X-ray diffraction quality crystals, investigation of polymorphism and thr ee-dimensional X-ray determination using crystallographic and computational techniques.

This article r eviews the aphid species associated with the cr ops in India, their origin, population dynamics, cytogenetic, feeding, symbioses, host range, r epr oduction, natural and chemical contr ol wer e discussed. Then, after a history of chemical contr ol and of its limits, the main contr ol strategies, micr oor ganisms ar e r eviewed. Several topics in this article ar e consider ed

India has enormous task of cr eating huge infrastructur e excellence and quality in higher education which r equir es financial r esour ces not affor dable to the government of India so it because necessary to evolve some alternatives and new way of incr easing quality and excellence which may cr eate various types of pr oblems to public in higher education system in India

The purpose of the pr esent study was to assess the personality traits, anxiety and achievement motivation level of basketball players and non-sportsmen. The study conducted on 360 samples, consisting of 120 inter -college level basketball players, 120 inter -varsity level basketball players and 120 non-sportsmen of differ ent colleges and universities. Personality traits wer e obtained by administrating Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPi), Anxiety wer e obtained by competitive state Anxiety inventory (CSAI-2), and Achievement motivation wer e obtained by using Sports Achievement Motivation T est. The date collected thr ough afor esaid tests, wer e analyzed with r espect to two dimensions of personality i.e. extr oversion and neur otic; thr ee dimensions of anxiety i.e. cognitive anxiety , somatic anxiety and self confidence and achievement motivation. Schaffe's multi comparison test was applied to compute the significance of differ ences among thr ee gr oups. The significance of data was judged at 0.01 and 0.05 levels, r espectively . The r esult of the study indicates that higher level performance gr oup was mor e extr overt than low performance gr oup and non sportsmen, wher eas non sportsmen wer e mor e neur otic than those of high and low performance gr oup. Cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety of non-sportsmen wer e higher than inter -varsity level Basketball players, wher eas thir d factor i.e. self confidence, of higher performance gr oups, was mor e than non sportsmen. Achievement motivation level of high performance gr oups was also better than non sportsmen

The term 'subaltern' is used in postcolonial theory . The exact meaning of the term in curr ent philosophical and critical usage is disputed. Some thinkers use it in a general sense to r efer to mar ginalized gr oups and the lower classes—a person r ender ed without agency by his or her social status. Others, such as Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak use it in a mor e specific sense. She ar gues that 'subaltern' is not just a classy wor d for oppr essed, for Other , for somebody who's not getting a piece of the pie....In postcolonial terms, everything that has limited or no access to the cultural imperialism is subaltern- —a space of differ ence. Mahesh Dattani, the first Indo-English playwright to win the pr estigious Sahitya Akademi awar d, is a dramatist of the modern times who has earned considerable r epute by focusing on the burning issues that hog the limelight. Sometimes he talks about identity-crisis [as in 'T ara'], sometimes about the sufferings of AID- victims (in 'Ek Alag Mausam' ), sometimes he gives the homosexuals a voice to articulate (as in 'On a Muggy Night in Mumbai' )and so forth. The pr esent paper is an attempt to analyze the dramatic text of 'Seven Steps ar ound the Fir e' of Dattani that echoes voices of new mar ginalized gr oups like the community of Eunuchs and wher e the dramatist sympathetically accepts human identity of eunuchs and struggles to construct their voice so that they might identify their oppr essors and r egister their voice of pr otest.

Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess the effect of yoga training on depr ession, self concept and mental health. Hypothesis: Hypotheses of the study ther e will be differ ence in between contr ol gr oup and experimental gr oup (Y oga T raining) on the dimension of depr ession, self concept and mental health. Materials and Methods: 40 normal health students wer e selected. 20 Experimental gr oup of normal health students and 20 contr olled gr oup of normal health students. Age gr oup was between 20 to 30 years. Both gr oup wer e given pr e test in thr ee dimensions, i.e., Depr ession, Self concept and Mental Health. A yoga module consisting of yoga asanas, pranayama, meditation, 30 min of yoga training given daily for one month. For the both gr oups pr e and post tests conducted. Results: positive effect of yoga on depr ession, self concept and mental health of normal health students. Y ogic exer cise can impr ove the depr ession, self concept and mental health in experimental gr ou

he summer of 1947 was not like other Indian summers. Even the weather had differ ent feel in India that year . It was hotter than usual, and drier and dustier . And the summer was longer . No one could r emember when the monsoon had been so late. For weeks, the sparse clouds cast o delay only shadow , Ther e was no rain. People began to say that God was punishing them for their sins “The fact is both sides killed. Both shot and stabbed and spear ed and clubbed. Both tortur ed. Both raped. By the summer of 1947... ten million people-Muslims and Hindus and Sikhs- wer e in flight ... almost a million of them wer e dead.....

Retailing in India is gradually inching its way towar d the booming industry . The whole concept of shopping has alter ed in terms of format and consumer buying behaviour , ushering in a r evolution in shopping in India. Modern r etail has enter ed India as seen in sprawling shopping centr es, multi-stor eyed malls and huge complexes offer shopping, entertainment and food all under one r oof. This study determines the overall per ception level of the customers. The paper mainly explor es the customer expectation, satisfaction, factors influencing the pr efer ences towar ds the r etail shoppe. The tools of analysis used in the study ar e per centage analysis, pair ed t test and gap analysis. Servqual was used to identify the customer expectation and satisfaction towar ds the r etail shop. The findings r eveal that the customers ar e satisfied with services pr ovided by the or ganized r etail shop in Coimbator e

Financial management skill and knowledge ar e essential to manage their needs with their r esour ces. The pr esent study is to assess the financial skill of SHG beneficiaries in V irudhunagar district. Financial skills wer e measur ed by four indicators namely Financial knowledge, Saving skills, Borr owing skills, and Investment skills. Structur ed questionnair e was used to collect the data fr om 400 r espondents who wer e selected by random sampling. The r espondents wer e contacted in person and the objectives wer e explained to them so as to get accurate information for this r esear ch. The data collected wer e analyzed by using descriptive and test of significance i.e., independent sample t-test and one-way ANOV A to find out the r esults. For quantitative analysis, the independent variables ar e age of the r espondent, age of the gr oup, education, occupation and financial skill of SHG beneficiaries as the dependent variable. Hypothesis testing indicates that the personal variables like age of the r espondent, age of the gr oup, occupation and purpose of loan taken do not influence the financial skill. The variables li ke number of years joined wi th the gr oup and education qualification influence the financial skill

Srinivasa Ramanujan was a r enowned Indian Mathematician. In spite of having no formal training in pur e mathematics, Ramanujan made substantial contributions in the ar eas of mathematical analysis, number theory , infinite series, elliptic functions and continued fractions. He independently compiled nearly 3500 r esults during his short life time. The aim of this paper is to intr oduce his life and work in mathematics

Increased population has created tremendous pressure on livelihood resources and this is a common phenomenon throughout the world. Land and water forms the base for almost all natural livelihood resources. Soil erosion and degradation, and over extraction of ground water and abundant use for agriculture are the main threats for livelihood resources. Land and water has prime importance in GDP and GNP in India and also considered as a backbone of the Indian Economy. There is a heavy demand and acute need for conservation and management of rain water for agriculture as well as industry. However, over a period of planned development, the budgetary allocation is not observed to be adequate for these aspects. For achieving the sustainable development, India has to maintain the contribution of agriculture in GDP and GNP. For that, massive efforts are needed. Accordingly, Government of India has constituted the working group for assisting Planning Commission and Government of India in preparation of plans and programmes as well as designs the long term projects along with financial allocations. This sub group has recommended that Drought Prone Area Programme, Desert Development Programme, Integrated Watershed Development Project, Integrated Watershed Management Project, National Watershed Development in Rainfed Area, Soil Conservation in Catchment River Valley Projects, flood prone rivers and watershed projects in shifting cultivation area should be reorganized in which peoples' participation, demand of community, topology of region, etc., has to be considered on priority basis. The sub group also recommended reallocation of budgetary allocations. Major limitation this group has stated that prolonged implementation process, increased cost and weak monitoring and evaluation process are the main constraints in implementation of water related projects. Therefore, special efforts for financial support and necessary infrastructure is needed to strengthen integrated natural water resource management.

In this paper , we focus on maximizing the network lifetime of wir eless sensor networks using both maximum lifetime r outing algorithm and smoothing function. An optimal r outing and data aggr egation scheme for wir eless sensor networks is pr oposed. The objective is to maximize the network lifetime by jointly optimizing data aggr egation and r outing by adopting a model to integrate data aggr egation with the underlying r outing scheme and pr opose a smoothing function to maximum lifetime network. These algorithms show that they significantly r educe the data traffic and impr ove the network lifetime.

The trance states in yoga and hypnosis ar e associated with similar phenomena like r elaxation, disinclination to talk, unr eality , misr epr esentation, alterations in per ception, incr eased concentration, suspension of normal r eality testing, and the temporary natur e of the phenomena. While some r esear chers consider yoga to be a form of hypnosis, others note that that ther e ar e many similarities between the trance in yoga and the hypnotic trance. The pr esent study aimed to find parallels between the trance states of hypnosis and Patanjali's Y oga Sutras in terms of the phenomena of trance, the induction and deepening of trance, and the therapeutic techniques and benefits of both. An understanding of the concept of trance in Patanjali's Y oga Sutras was gained thr ough a thematic analysis of the book Four Chapters on Fr eedom by Swami Satyananda Saraswati. This led to an understanding of the concept of trance in the yoga sutras. The obtained concepts wer e compar ed to the concepts of trance in hypnosis (obtained thr ough the literatur e on hypnosis) to investigate whether or not ther e exist parallels. The findings of the study show that ther e ar e parallels between the trance in hypnosis and the trance in Patajali's yoga sutras in the induction and deepening of the trance states in hypnosis and that of Samadhi, the phenomena pr esent in hypnosis and the kinds of siddhis that ar e obtained thr ough Samadhi, and the therapeutic techniques and the therapeutic pr ocess in Patanjali's yoga sutra and hypnosis

The mass diffusion in the flow of a binary mixtur e of incompr essible viscous fluids past a stationary cir cular cylinder has been discussed when the lighter component of the mixtur e is pr esent in a small quantity . It is assumed that the thicknesses of the viscous and diffusion boundary layer ar e of the same or der . It is found that the pr essur e gradient cr eated by the curvatur e of the cylinder in the boundary layer r egion separates the of the mixtur e in such a way that the concentration ratio of the heavier component of the mixtur e near the surface of cylinder is mor e than that it is maintained in the fr ee flow r egion i.e. the heaver component is deposited on the surface of the cylinder . This separative effect incr eases with the incr ease of the fr ee str eam velocity and the differ ence of the masses of the two components. Ther e is no separation of the components if the pr essur e gradient is ignor ed

This paper on Swamiji focuses on the r ealization of Brahman which speaks of universal harmony thr ough serving men in terms of practical commitment and activities. He gives us suggestions to come out of confined space of abstract spiritual mysticism and to open up a new horizon of r eligious thinking by discar ding paraphernalia of worshipping God in terms of external grandeur and exaggerated or lifeless cer emonies. He maintains a fine balance between spiritual r ealization and its practical application.

America was conceived in a spirit of openness, as a land wher e people could build new identities, gr ounded in the pr esent and futur e, not the past. This dr eam, despite curr ent fears of being under doubt of having for eign sounding names and subjecting visitors to the indignity of being fingerprinted has been in gr eat par t made r eal. It is a place wher e the r est of the world comes to r einvent itself accepting with excitement and anxiety the need of leaving behind strains, limitations (constrictions) and comforts of distant customs. This happens to be the underlying theme of Jhumpa Lahiri's new collection of stories, Unaccustomed Earth. The author portrays in these stories two generations of Bengali immigrants to America. The newcomers and their hyphenated childr en struggle to build normal and secur e lives. Is it true that transplanting str engthens plant? Or can sear ch experiments pr oduce mixed outcomes? This paper intends to explor e the answers to these and many mor e r elated questions in the title story of this book

India is one of the leading flower pr oducing country in the world. Even though ther e is a faster gr owth in ar ea, pr oduction and pr oductivity of flower cr ops, the shar e of Indian floricultur e industry had been very low at global level. T amil Nadu was the leading jasmine pr oducing state in the country . This study aimed to analyze the differ ent marketing channels and price spr ead of jasmine in Sathyamangalam market in Er ode district. Primary data was collected fr om 50 jasmine farmers, 10 commission agents, 10 wholesalers, 10 r etailers and 20 consumers thr ough dir ect interview method. The collected data wer e analyzed using per centage analysis, price spr ead estimation and marketing efficiency . The r esults r evealed that among the six marketing channels identified, Channel V has lower price spr ead (Rs. 53.02) and higher marketing efficiency (12.13) because of involvement of less number of middlemen.

The movement of people fr om one ar ea to another is today an important and characteristic phenomenon of population particularly of that of developing countries. Every country that has under gone modernisation has simultaneously experienced a major r edistribution of its population. Such movements exert a pervasive influence on the social, economic, political and demographic structur e of both the sending and r eceiving r egions (Khan, 2010: 1). Migration is defined as a permanent or semi permanent change of r esidence of an individual fr om one ar ea to another . No r estriction is placed upon the distance of the move or upon the voluntary or involuntary natur e of the act, and no distinction is made between external and internal migration (Lee, 1970: 290).

This research explores knowledge and practices of antenatal women regarding discomforts of pregnancy. Descriptive research approach was used in this study. The study population comprised of 60 antenatal women between the age group of (18-45) years who attending Antenatal OPD in Kempacheluvambha. General Hospital, Malleswaram, Bangalore .The data on knowledge and practices among antenatal women were collected by means of a semi- structured interview schedule. The study was based on Pender's Health Promotion model.

The status of women in India has been undergoing a sea-change. Supported by Constitutional guarantees to ensure 'dignity' and 'equal opportunities', their active participation in all walks of life including education, politics, sport etc., has been growing. Taking note of women's role in the nation-building activities, the Government had declared 2001 as the year of 'Women's Empowerment' by adopting a National Policy to offer 'Swashakti' to women. Several laws have also been adopted to empower women socially, economically, legally and politically.

In our experience we've seen many appr oaches or ganizations take in achieving security in their applications.

The ICAI has defined auditing “the independent examination of financial information of any entity , whether pr ofit oriented or not and irr espective of its size or legal form, when such an examination is conducted with view to expr ess an opinion ther eon.”

The ferrite composition Ni0. CO Zn Fe O with x=0.2,0.4,0.6 were 8-x x 0.2 2 4 synthesized through nitrate-citrate sol-gel auto-combustion method. The powder were sintered at room temperature, 4000C and 7000C for two hours to densify properly. The ferrite powder was characterized with respect to crystalline size, lattice parameter determination, Interplaner distance and porosity using X-Ray diffraction. The structural property of powder was investigated using SEM and X-RD. The FT-IR spectra confirmed that synthesis material is Ferrite

Digital Library is a collection of digital materials these libraries store the information or material in electronic format and manipulate lar ge collection of those materials ef fectively . Digital Library has a variety of meanings from a digital collection. It indicates carrying out the function of Libraries in a new way encompassing new types of information resources, new approach to acquisition, new method of storage and preservation more reliance on electronic system and network in the age of information. The concept of Digital Library is getting higher importance

ulian Barnes was born in Leicester , England's East midland, on January 19, 1946 in the family of a teacher . His father , Albert taught Fr ench at st. Clement Danes fr om 1937 onwar ds till his r etir ement in 1971. His mother , Keye, also taught Fr ench. His elder br other , Jonathan is now a Pr ofessor of Philosophy in Geneva.He married Pat Kavanagh in 1979, and now lives with her in North London

The pr esent paper is r estricted to only B.Ed.(2 year) course thr ough Distance Mode in University College of Education , Kurukshetra University , Kurukshetra in or der to ascertain the effectiveness and weaknesses of the pr ogramme

A Str eetcar Named Desir e written by T ennessee W illiams is set in the Fr ench Quarter of New Orleans. The year is 1947 - the same year in which the play was written. All of the action of A Str eetcar Named Desir e takes place in on the first floor of a two- bedr oom apartment. The set is designed so that the audience can also see "outside" and observe characters on the str eet