A student can learn only if he actually r esponds in a learning situation. In pr ogrammed instruction activity r esponding is arranged with a limited r esour ces of learning material with which he is r eady to interact. After acquainting a bit of learning material the pupil is expected to r espond to questions based on that information. In such a way the pupil is made to pay attention to learning material

Food, clothing and shelter ar e the primary needs of human being. T oday in clothing ,textile industry is playing important r ole. T extile industry is second lar gest employer after agricultur e. In modern world,consumer ar e now awar e of many things especially eco-friendly textile. Their demand for eco-friendly textile is also r elated with quality , quantity ,price. For this Government ,Pr oduction dept of textile, Manager and also Consumers ar e playing important r ole .Ther e ar e ill effects on health to over come this pr oblem some solutions ar e suggested ,also government r ole ,managerial r ole ,pr oduction department r ole ar e important factor to make India eco friendly textile.

Pain is a subjective experience, infants and childr en r espond to pain with b e h a v i o r a l r e a c t i o n s t h a t d e p e n d u p o n t h e i r a g e a n d c o g n i t i v e p r o c e s s e s . Implementation of a standar dized pain assessment pr otocol impr oves pain management for childr en .Pharmacologic agents ar e often r equir ed to alleviate the pain. The nurses must be vigilant to make pain visible by incorporating pain assessment in r outine car e by using standar dized terms and including discussion of pain issues in to medical and nursing r ounds

The changing time and situation always demand to know the teachers' job satisfaction level and the job satisfaction survey is the best way to investigate and analyze the various causes and factors of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the teachers towar ds their job envir onment. Pr esent study tried to trace out the level of job satisfaction of the teachers and the academic performance of the students in degr ee colleges of gr eater Guwahati and the r elationship between these two was also studied. The main objectives of the study ar e- 1) T o measur e the level of the T eachers' Job Satisfaction in degr ee colleges of gr eater Guwahati, 2) T o measur e the Academic performance of the students in degr ee colleges of gr eater Guwahati, and 3) T o study the r elationship between the T eachers' Job Satisfaction and Academic performance of the students in degr ee colleges of gr eater Guwahati. W ith the help of the self structur ed job satisfaction questionnair e and the data gathering schedule the necessary data have been collected and the quantitative data have been analyzed with the help of the statistical techniques like mean, standar d deviation and Pearson's co r elation.

The Reception Theory has been one of the significant developments in the world of literary theories in the 20th century . It is believed to have emer ged fr om the Phenomenological and Hermeneutical churnings; the former emphasizes a work of art to be an intentional object, being differ ent fr om the r eal and ideal objects and the latter considers a work of art as a means of elevating self-understanding. It is maintained that meaning of a work of art is dynamic, rather than rigid. Understanding of a text is decided by the embedded meaning in the text as well as the horizon of expectations of the r eader . In the same way , a text is consider ed to be a potential structur e which is concr etized by the r eaders and of course successive generations of r eaders. In the light of the Reception Theory “Heaven of Fr eedom” a celebrated poem by Rabindranath T agor e can be understood in the pr esent context.

Antioxidants ar e widely used as ingr edients in dietary supplements in the hope of maintaining health and pr eventing diseases. Antioxidants also pr event food spoilage via food additive. But use of synthetic antioxidants is not safe due to their health risks and toxicity . The sear ch for antioxidants fr om natural sour ces has r eceived much attention to identify compounds that act as suitable antioxidants and r eplace the synthetic ones. In a d d i t i o n , t h e s e n a t u r a l l y - o c c u r r i n g a n t i o x i d a n t s c a n b e f o r m u l a t e d t o g i v e neutraceuticals that can help to pr event oxidative damage fr om occurring in the body . Ther e ar e several types of antioxidants which include vitamins,A.E.C, and B-complex the mineral selenium, Zinc and the synthetic compound BHT and BHA. Epidemiological evidence suggest that consumption of fruits and vegetables my r educe the risk of both cancer and car diovascular disease and it has been hypothesized that this is due in part to the pr esence of antioxidants compounds in fruit and vegetables. Species like Coleus amboinicus, Spilanthus paniculata ar e per ennial herbs commonly used in r egular vegetable combination traditionally . This r esear ch exer cise is an attempt to estimate types and quantity of kinds of antioxidants available in these species.

Consumers play a very important r ole in the economy . They ar e the lar gest economic gr oup in any country . All our pr esent day activities ar e carried on because of consumers only . They ar e the pillars of the economy . Consumers ar e the users of goods and services for the satisfaction of their wants. They want to know wher e to buy , when to buy , how much to buy , how to pay , how to r ecognize and they also compar e qualities of pr oducts. They ar e the keystone and play an important part of our economic structur e

Rotifers ar e used as indicators for the assessment of water quality of the aquatic ecosystem to follow the tr ends in changes of water quality . Their r epr oductive cycle is short enough to enable the study thr ough several generations in a r elatively short t ime and r espond mor e rapidly to envir onmental changes than fishes, which have been traditionally used as indicators of water quality . Due to their important r ole in fast emer ging concept of envir onmental management as bio-indicators and bio-monitors Khan and Sheshagiri Rao (1981), Mahajan (1981).Their abundance in diversity and distribution ar e important parameters in understanding tr opodynamic and tr opic pr ogr ession of water bodies for quality assessment (Mathew , 1975, V erma and Munshi, 1987). The T ipeshwar Lake is situated between 19°53'44.23"N 78°30'37.06"E of the Deccan peninsular Ever incr easing pr essur e of community needs over this lake causes its deterioration, decomposition of lar ge amount of or ganic matter cause oxygen depletion pr oduces toxic gases and gr eatly deteriorates the water quality and hence incr eases in Zooplanktonic (Rotifer) pollution indicator species. Population and types of these species ar e significant parameters in monitoring the extent of pollution in this water body and useful in drawing sustainable wetland management strategies. So that it would help in futur e planning for the r eclamation.

These words from Malcolm X sound relevant even today. The world we leave to our children depends in large measure on the children we leave to our world. Our hope for a better future primarily depends on the young citizen and their abilities to cope with the challenges of the 21st century. Thus education has been given a top priority in every country. India is no exception too. Article 45 of our constitution said “the state shall endeavour to provide within a period of ten years from the commencement of this constitution for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of 14 years.” Though the commitment sounds very energetic, it has been hardly achieved even today. The responsibility for universal elementary education lies upon central government, the state Government and the local bodies and voluntary organizations. Each one has a significant role to play here upon which depends the progress of our nation. These institutions have to shoulder the new responsibility of maintaining high quality in education, which will cater the needs of the society.

In the traditional Indian social system many of the castes wer e ascribed perticular occupation. Such a r elationship between castes and occupations wer e particularly rigid in the case of the polluting castes i.e. Untouchables. And such occupations wer e consider ed impur e. An untouchable could not change his occupation within a rural setting. Migration to towns and cities enabled him to have a certain measur e of change in the occupational pattern. In this paper I studied the economic life of Dalits who wer e mostly migrated fr om villages to Pune city

Cloudburst struck Leh in Ladakh region in Aug 2010, causing flash flood. 14 inches of rainfall was recorded within two hours, causing extensive damage to men and material. Indian Army pioneered search, rescue and relief operations along with state and central government agencies. The economic and psycho-social impacts on the victims have relevance to community health

Kautilya has often been compar ed with Nicolo Machiavelli, the modern Italian political thinker whose famous r eflections ar e set forth in his thr ee complimentary works: The Art of W ar , The Discourses on King and The Prince. Machiavelli occupies the enviable position of being the first modem political thinker or philosopher in Eur opean history , one who symbolised a r evolution in political theory that r eflected the Renaissance spirit. Kautilya on the other hand. inherited a long tradition of pr e-existing Arthashastra school of thought, to which he had given a modernistic outlook and content. Both Kautilya and Machiavelli wer e concerned with acquisition, r etention and perpetuation of political power . The latter pr ovided an insight into the deplorable conditions pr evailing in Italy during his times and advocated for its unification. Explaining the intellectual qualities of the king Kautilya sought for the expansion of the empir e. But while advocating for mandala-politics, he was a r eligionalist rather than a nationalist. Thr ough this paper I would like to highlight the major similarities and variances of Kautilya and Machiavelli works on state and politics

In the beginning of pr esent r esear ch the survey & collection of differ ent varieties of seed of chickpea V iz Radhey , ICP-1454, ICC-1876, A var odhi, Pragati, Ujjain-2, 21, 24, Gulab, Co-1, Kadale-23, BEG-482, and T -3 was done during the year 201 1-2012 fr om local mandi of Kanpur city and other village markets. The seed sample wer e labeled at the time of collection by giving them collection number , harvesting time and place of collection. Collected seeds wer e cleaned by blowing and sieving. After cleaning, seeds wer e further dried and stor ed in a cool and dry place. The seed borne fungi associated with chickpea seeds wer e determined by the inspection of dry seeds, washing test, agar plate method and standar d blotter methods

Stress is omnipresent in our society. It is a condition of strain that has a direct bearing on emotions, thought process and physical conditions of a person. Due to the competitive nature of the job environment, many people are spending their time for job related work purposes resulting ignore the stressor those are influencing their work and life. Usually people are more worry about their outcome of their work that can even affect the way they treat other people and how they communicate with their peers and customers. The skill and expertise of the teacher as a professional who has the vision and wisdom to perceive the future and help the learners prepare for it. Occupational stress is the interaction of the worker and the conditions of work. The quality or effectiveness of teachers is considered to be associated with his satisfaction towards his profession, his satisfaction with his values. Thus, it is clear that an effective and competent teacher will achieve the desired learning outcomes, provided if he satisfied in his profession. This study was conducted to measure the effect of occupational stress and job-satisfaction of secondary school teachers in relation to their professional commitment and certain background factors.

Indian Constitution r ole in education system is Important because every citizen right to education granted for constitution. The center and state pr ograms implementation state indies, pr ograms ar e in SER V A SHIKSHA ABHIY AN primary the education ar e compulsory . India is lar gest democracy country in the world. Ther e ar e two government is central and state both fundamental rights and duties granted for the Indian people. The poor people's ar e granted for facilities in government sector

Human beings need to behave well in this world, not any other W e stand on our own feet, and our feet ar e human feet” - Simon Blackburn

Irrigation facilities are for more important as decisive factor in crop regionalization than any other determinants. The rainfall pattern and its spatial distribution is the single most important factor for the development of irrigation facilities. The sources of irrigation in Beed district are mainly tank, canals, wells and tube well etc. Due to heterogeneous landscape, the facilities of irrigation are very restricted and limited in the most part of the district. The present paper analysis the average tahsilwise intensity of irrigation in Beed district for investigating spatial pattern of irrigation two indices chose, first intensity and second is ranking of sources in every tahsil. Changes in place of first, second third and fourth made of irrigation sources. The intensity of irrigation is calculated as the average gross irrigated area as the percentage of average gross cropped area on the tahsil level.

The pr oper development of our society is not possible without the collective participation of both male & female. The active participation of women in household is vital to make an efficient family as well as society . But their importance is never appr eciated by the patriar chic society . As a r esult they ar e always deprived. Deprivation has become an integral part of their life; they ar e for ced to live this life without any appr eciation & expectation to our society . This pictur e is very common in rural India as well as the whole thir d world. The pr esent paper has been pr epar ed on extensive field survey at Banpur Mouza , Krishnaganj , Nadia, W est Bengal, India

The statistical analysis of farmers' suicide in Karnataka from different perspectives and analysis how the capitalist path of development through globalisation is the major factor responsible for the sharpening agrarian crisis in India, especially in the Karnataka states. Agriculture is a largest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio economic development of our country. They depend on loan from private money lenders or from financial institutions for the cultivation of their land. They depend on agricultural income for their family expenses, education and marriage of the children. Karnataka in particular are in distress due to indebtedness, repeated failure of crops, increasing cost of production, poor quality of seeds, impact of globalization, exploitation by money lenders and businessmen and the other factors are the main causes for their distress which lead to suicides. Karnataka is the eight largest state of India having severed agrarian distress since many years.

Aloe barbadensis (A. barbadensis L.) Miller, commonly known as aloe vera is extensively used as a base element in preparation of medicine, cosmetics and food supplements. The objective of this study was to find out the stimulatory effect of varying levels of triacontanol (TRIA) in combination with different concentrations of potassium (K) on morphological and biochemical characteristics of aloe vera plants. Treatments included four levels of TRIA (10-0, 10-5, 10-6 and 10-7M) together three concentrations of K (K0, K50 and K100kg/ha). K was applied through basal application whereas TRIA was given by foliar application using a hand spryer. After 12 months growing leaf length, width, number and fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, gel content, nitrogen, potassium and protein contents were measured. Results indicate that the all growth and biochemical characteristics of aloe Vera were highest with the treatment K5010-6M TRIA. Among the TRIA treatments all characteristics were increases from 10-7 to 10-6 but 10-5 have inhibitory effect at which growth and biochemistry of aloe vera were slightly decreases. Among K treatment K50 proved optimum along with 10-6M TRIA.

The objective of present research was to study the various aspects of mental health and personality of widows [women]. Sample consists of 100 widows in rural areas at Satara district of Maharashtra state. The duration of widowhood was above 1 month. Thesample selection methodwas used as purposive sampling technique. Result shows that duration of widowhood of widows' had significant effect on mental health and personality.The duration of 1 to 12 months of widowhood women was more alienation, emotionally unstable and social non conformity than above one year duration of widowhood women. The widow women were introvert but not neurotic on the personality test.Mental health and personality was positively correlated at low level.

Developing the ability to r each generalizations and to apply them for solving everyday pr oblem, developing the habit of observation, exploration, classification and systematic way of thinking that will help in enhancing the power of manipulative, cr eative and inventive futur e citizen is the aim of today's education. T o fulfill this aim it is essential to use variety methods and techniques in teaching. Keeping this in view , variety of teaching techniques has alr eady been intr oduced in the curriculum. The inclusion of pr oject assignments in school study is one of the important tasks. The use of pr oject method is obligatory as it is based on the principle of 'learning by doing'

In this paper attempt has been made to point out the various ways of womens's exploitation. It also points out how human rights help to solve the exploitation of women. Ther e ar e various ways of women's exploitation such as domaestic violence,exploitation for dowry ,sexual exploitation,physical exploitation,feticide and so on

Face recognition is an important research problem spanning numerous fields and disciplines. Face recognition having numerous practical applications such as bankcard identification, access control, Mug shots searching, security monitoring, and surveillance system, is a fundamental human behavior that is essential for effective communications and interactions among people. The human face is involved in a large variety of different activities. It houses the apparatus for speech production as well as the majority of our sensors (eyes, nose, mouth). Besides these biological functions, the human face provides a number of social signals essential for our public life. This paper introduces recognition of eye movements. The ability to recognize facial signals is essential of human facial expression is a challenging problem with many applications. In this paper we use eye movement recognition technique using Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is the most widely used and versatile method for measuring and describing facial behaviors. A facial recognition system is a computer application for automatically identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source

Right to vote and the exer cise of this franchise by eligible citizens is the pulse of every democracy . And India, the lar gest democracy of the world, holds this right as the most pr ecious attribute of the Indian Parliamentary democracy . Keeping this in view , in Indian constitution; pr ovisions ar e enacted r egar ding structur e, powers and functions of the Election commission

Abstract: This study is an attempt to evaluate the level of academic achievements of students studying in elementary schools of district Bilaspur of Himachal Pradesh. The Flagship Programme in the name of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) of Indian Government to achieve the goal of Education for All in India was launched in 2000. Since the Goal of all the educational programmes is to improve the academic level of the students. So, to evaluate the output in terms of Academic Achievement the study was taken. It was attempted to evaluate SSA in terms of Academic Achievements of classes I, IV and VII students in three subjects' viz., Science, Mathematics and Hindi language. It is an attempt to see whether the input of SSA programme is contributing to Output and upto what strength.

Srimushnam is one of the Swayambu kshetram in India. The others ar e Srirangam, T irupathi and V anamaalai in South India and Saligramam, Naimisarinyam, Pushkaram and Badri in North India. Srimushnam nineteen miles by r oad, north-west of Chidambaram is found for a noble fan for V ishnu as Sri Bhoovarahaswamy one of such eight self cr eated Swayam V yaktam Kshetras in the South. It is a saiva centr e as well with a temple for T iru-mutta mudaiya mahadevar . The two earlier Shrines wer e composite until divisions ar ose, and they wer e separated. T wentyseven inscriptions of the Chola, Pandya and V ijayanagara kings dating fr om 1073 A.D. ar e r ecor ded fr om the Shiva temple, and eighteen of V ijayanagar lines fr om the V ishnu temple. They r elate to Devadanas, r ecital of Thevarams etc., and it is noticeable that the heyday of the rising of the V ijayanagara kings and with Achyutappa Nayak of T anjavur , who with his ar chitectural endeavours, has made the temple the wonder that it is now .

The medicinal pr operties of plant species have made an outstanding contribution in the origin and evolution of many traditional herbal therapies. These traditional knowledge systems have started to disappear with the passage of time due to scar city of written documents and r elatively low income in these traditions. Over the past few years however the medicinal plants have r egained a wide r ecognition due to an escalating faith in herbal medicine in view of its lesser side effects compar ed to allopathic medicine and the necessity of meeting the r equir ements of medicine for an incr easing human population. The Pahalgam valley of Kashmir is the Northern most part of the Himalaya. The vegetational wealth of Northern Himalaya is well known since ancient times due to varying topographic conditions of the r egion thrive on differ ent types of vegetation. It has a rich medicinal plant flora of over one thousand documented species having medicinal value. Out of these mor e than 700 species ar e much in use in the country , mostly by local people living in the villages as a household r emedy in several diseases. The for ests and alpines ar e getting degraded with the incr easing biotic pr essur e and in the pr ocess gr ound flora and shrubs which happen to pr ovide bulk of the medicinal plants ar e also under strain. In the pr esent study a field survey was made fr om May to October of 201 1 in Pahalgam valley of Kashmir in or der to r efine the medicinal str ength of above places. The altitudinal range, local name, part used, use/cur e and status of some important medicinal plants ar e compiled based on the earlier publications as well as personal communication with local persons, rural folks and Hakims

The pr esent study was conducted to pr ovide some information and comparison about the level of socio-economic status, envir onmental awar eness and cr eativity with r egar d to Gender of higher secondary school students with age ranging 16+ years in Birbhum District, W est Bengal. Data was collected of 300 students fr om eight higher secondary schools in Birbhum District, by randomly . The r esults r evealed that male and female students do not differ significantly with r egar d to socio-economic status (SES), envir onmental awar eness and cr eativity

The Assamese language is originated fr om Indo-Aryan gr oup of gr eater Indo-Eur opean language family and the Bodo language is originated fr om T ibeto-Burman gr oup of the Sin o-T ibe tan lan gua ge fam ily . Bot h the lan gua ge has spe cia l and com mon characteristics. Accor ding to the linguistics theory ther e should be a contrastive study between the languages but her e trying to make a comparative study as both the language speakers have been staying in a same geographical surr ounding since the day immemorial. In this paper I would like to discuss the negation pr ocess of both Assamese and Bodo language. As both the languages ar e agglutinating in character , pr efixes and suffixes ar e used in negative formation. I do hope this paper will help the r eaders as well as the language r esear chers mor e about the languages which ar e spoken in the North East India

The pr esent study was conducted on school teachers fr om differ ent r egions of Rajasthan. The purpose of the study was to know the physical activity status of these teachers. Ther e wer e 5000 teachers wer e examined under the supervision of the r esear cher . Thr ough this study the r esear cher find the teachers daily r outine activity at the time of work, and physical activity at the time of leisur e

The pr esent study was conducted on 50 Secondary School couple teachers selected randomly fr om Gulbar ga and Y adagir districts of Karnatak state. The Job Satisfaction scale developed by Meera Dixit (1993) and Mental Health Inventory developed by Jagdish and Srivastva (1981) was administer ed to measur e their Job Satisfaction and Mental Health. Objectives of the studies ar e 1) T o study the level of Job Satisfaction of couple teachers working in secondary schools. 2) T o study the Mental Health of couple teachers working in secondary schools. 3) T o know the corr elation between Job Satisfaction and Mental Health of secondary school couple teachers. Statistical 't'-test and corr elation wer e employed for data analysis. It is found that ther e is no significant differ ence in the Job Satisfaction of couple teachers. It is also found that ther e is no significant differ ence in the Mental Health of couple teachers. Wher eas, ther e is a positive & significant co-r elation between Job Satisfaction & Mental Health of couple teachers

Prior to economic r eforms initiated in 1991, Indian financial system was characterized by barriers to entry , contr ol over pricing of financial assets, high transaction costs and r estrictions on movement of funds fr om one market segment to another . Since last two decades, the Indian stock market has under gone sea changes. The economic r eforms started since 1991 and a r evolutionary change in Information T echnology (IT) has changed the entir e face of Indian capital market. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the development of Indian securities market fr om 1991 to 2010

Among the T oda marriages ar e contracted in a style to which, for simplicity and the absence of cer emony , it is difficult to find a parallel elsewher e. Unlike the natives of the plains, youth marriages ar e not in vogue amongst them; but, like mor e civilized people, the sexes marry only on attaining the age of puberty . The girls on these hills attain puberty at fr om thirteen to sixteen years of age, in which r espect they do not differ fr om the low country races. No r estriction, in the matter of personal choice and taste, is placed on either sex belonging to the same tribe; but intermarriages with the other tribes ar e not permitted

This paper attempts to examine the various r eforms taken by the British during the time of administration.The people of T irunelveli district r epr esent a mixur e of various communities. The depr essed people of the Hindu r eligion suffer ed many social r estrictions imposed on them by the landlor ds and the people of upper caste. The Christian missionaries helped to bring about a radical change and to cr eate an atmospher e in favour of education and social r eform. The British established primary schools and primary health centr es in the rural ar eas of the district. The missionaries not only converted the people into Christianity but also pr oviding education and other social welfar e measur es. The converts could get higher status in the society by their education. The Roman Catholic, the Pr otestant, Chur ch Missionary Society , Madurai Missions missionaries established number of schools, colleges, schools for blind and deaf and dumb. Ther efor e the district which gr own in politico economicand socio cultural advancement of the people

IPST A and BCE as an exchange has all the potential to be a major international marketplace for pepper and castor oil as it is the only exchange in the world engaged in trading of derivative, exclusively in pepper and castor oil. However both the international exchanges in the Indian commodity derivative market wer e not been able to globalize pr operly as they wer e unable to attract adequate number of overseas traders or even the existing domestic players. The comparison of market parameters like trading systems, pr ocesses and pr ocedur es of IPST A and BCE with the US system ar e no inferior . When markets ar e deep, business rules and pr ocesses ar e fair and transpar ent along with an appr opriate r egulation the demar cation between a domestic and an international exchange will cease to exist.

IPST A and BCE as an exchange has all the potential to be a major international marketplace for pepper and castor oil as it is the only exchange in the world engaged in trading of derivative, exclusively in pepper and castor oil. However both the international exchanges in the Indian commodity derivative market wer e not been able to globalize pr operly as they wer e unable to attract adequate number of overseas traders or even the existing domestic players. The comparison of market parameters like trading systems, pr ocesses and pr ocedur es of IPST A and BCE with the US system ar e no inferior . When markets ar e deep, business rules and pr ocesses ar e fair and transpar ent along with an appr opriate r egulation the demar cation between a domestic and an international exchange will cease to exist.

Irrigation is essentially the artificial application of water to over come deficiencies in rainfall for gr owing cr ops (cantor 167). It encourages the farmer to adopt scientific techniques and go for mor e intensive cr opping ther e by cr eating new opportunities for gainful employment. The purpose of this article is to highlight the changes in agricultur e in the context of irrigation at micr o level during 1998-99 and 2010-1 1. W ells and canal ar e the sour ces of irrigation in the village of which 18.14% and 3.10% of cultivated ar ea is irrigated by wells and canal r espectively . It is noticed that the net sown ar ea which is incr eased by 1.30% during the period of investigation. Out of the total cr opped ar ea, about 80.61% of cultivated ar ea was under food cr ops in 1998-99, as against 75.97% in the year 2010-1 1 most of the cultivated land is occupied by cash cr ops. The per centage of cr opped ar ea under jowar has decr eased in the village. Wher eas cultivated ar ea under wheat, sugar cane and gram ar e r egister ed incr ease in the period under study . Among the cer eal cr ops wheat and jowar ar e most important irrigated cr ops, which shar e 24.88% and 29.40% of cultivated ar ea r espectively . Ther e is marked tr emendous change in per hectar e yield of cr ops. wher eas per hectar e yield of jowar was marked 975 kg, wheat 1054 kg, Bajara 491 kg, gram 42 kg, in 1998-99 as against 1401 kg/hect, 1675 kg/hect, 675 kg/ hect, 533 kg/hect r espectively in the year 2010-1 1

Among the r eforms intr oduced in Madras Pr esidency , none has mor e vitally affected the moral, social as well as the economic welfar e of the people than temperance and pr ohibition. The British intr oduced a series of measur es in the Nineteenth Century the habit of drinking and the use of other intoxicants. The Indian National Congr ess in 1885 wanted to bring about a moral r egeneration of the Indian masses. The law pertaining to Pr ohibition was intr oduced on 1st October 1937 during the administration of Rajaji in Madras Pr esidency , then it implemented in Salem and other Districts. It has its sweets as well as its bitters, its healthy as well as unhealthy aspects. The aim of this paper is to r eveal both of them

The major aim of the pr esent study was to study the Self-Concept in Secondary school students. The sample consists of 100 (50 Boys and 50 Girls) school students was chosen fr om Gulbar ga district on whom the Self Concept Scale was administer ed. After scoring, the data wer e subjected to t – test. The r esults r evealed that ther e is significant differ ence in self concept between the rural and urban school students. The study also r evealed significant gender differ ences in the self concept.

In today's spirited world or ganizations ar e struggling har d to carry out their business successfully with pr ofit its because of tough competition and changes that occurs in the business envir onment. Customer plays a major r ole in the market. Success or failur e of an or ganization is depends on the customer so they ar e in a position to satisfy them. Customer ar e the important factor for success of the concern so they should have a pr oper knowledge about their customers. It can be made possible with the use CRM, if the or ganization able to maintain good r elation then it can automatically generate new customer as well as r etain the existing customer . By maintaining a r elation with customer they can easily identify their valuable customer and as a r esult they can serve better .CRM act as a important marketing tool for an or ganization to face the competition and to succeed their business with customers

The pr esent study strives to find the challenges faced by childr en of HIV patients. The samples wer e taken fr om a NGO or ganization in T iruvannamalai, T amil Nadu. A random sample of 80 childr en of HIV patients who wer e distributed as 40 infected childr en and 40 affected childr en wer e chosen for the study . Each of these 40 childr en wer e further divided into 20 boys and 20 girls. The tool used for the study was formulated by the investigator . The r esult of the study r evealed that boys of HIV patients generally face mor e challenges when compar ed with the girls. When effect of age was studied on the challenges faced by childr en of HIV patients it was found that both the age gr oups studied faced mor e or less the same level of challenges except between 12-15 and 16-19 year old affected boys wher e the 16-19 year old boys wer e found to face mor e challenges. When a comparison was made between the infected and affected childr en a significant differ ence was noted between the infected and affected girls, wher e the infected girls wer e found to be facing mor e challenges than the affected girls. Again a significant differ ence was noted between infected and affected boys wher e the affected boys in the age gr oup of 16-19 years wer e found to be facing mor e challenges. No differ ence was found between the other gr oups studied

These wor ds fr om Malcolm X sound r elevant even today . The world we leave to our childr en depends in lar ge measur e on the childr en we leave to our world. Our hope for a better futur e primarily depends on the young citizen and their abilities to cope with the challenges of the 21st century . Thus education has been given a top priority in every country . India is no exception too. Article 45 of our constitution said “the state shall endeavour to pr ovide within a period of ten years fr om the commencement of this constitution for fr ee and compulsory education for all childr en until they complete the age of 14 years.” Though the commitment sounds very ener getic, it has been har dly achieved even today . The r esponsibility for universal elementary education lies upon central government, the state Government and the local bodies and voluntary or ganizations. Each one has a significant r ole to play her e upon which depends the pr ogr ess of our nation. These institutions have to shoulder the new r esponsibility of maintaining high quality in education, which will cater the needs of the society

Human Resour ce Management (HRM) plays a strategic r ole in the survival of an or ganization. In this time of global financial crisis, Human Resour ce (HR) managers must not only innovate but must also act as change agents, strategists, mentors, counselors and motivators.(1) They must adopt a people-center ed model of management instead of the go-get-them appr oach. The latter appr oach will not only push down the morale of your employees but it will also shove your talented workers fr om leaving your or ganization. Retaining the right employee is a crucial challenge for any HR manager . In the book of Jim Collins “Good to Gr eat”, he does not agr ee with the old adage “People ar e your most important asset”. Accor ding to him, employees ar e not the most important asset of the company but the “right” employees ar e. In a tr oubled economic condition, HR managers must develop a strategy that will keep the most talented employees in your or ganization and at the same time, discourages the “not-so” talented employees fr om hurting the company's operations.Companies thrive only if they cr eate value. What does “value” mean? How do or ganizations transform “value” fr om a lofty wor d to a concept that sticks? The key is to fully engage the employees. Employees must feel like the most valuable component of the business; they ar e the foundation, after all

The contemporary literary scenario is in such a way that the works of art and literatur e fr om various parts of the world, especially fr om the thir d world countries, is gaining momentum. After the pr ocess of decolonization started in literatur e, Eur ocentric notions of the s o called 'universalized' and 'canonized' texts ar e put into question. T he postcolonial writers ar e pr eoccupied with portraying the traumatizing experiences of the colonized and delineating the existing state of affairs in the countries once exposed to colonization. Looked fr om a differ ent perspective, one can easily r ecognize that the decolonized world is a myth and colonizing pr ocess still continues in terms of economic and political contr ol, r eligious and ideological practices etc... The colonies once physically occupied by colonizers have become the western markets that ar e for ced to consume the western pr oducts by the pr essur e of some legal or cultural impositions. The invisible as well as the invincible power structur es between the colonizer and the colonized have bound the colonized society in such a way that even mer e the thought of decolonization itself has become unimaginable. The writer tries to put forth the idea that the colonial endeavours by the colonizers ar e not the things of past with harr owing experience, but they ar e still being pr oceeded and seeking new pastur es, ther eby causing immense evil consequences.

This paper intends to analyses the impact of dairy development pr ogrammes in Andhra Pradesh.Livestock in general and dairying in particular play a vital r ole in the Indian economy . It contributed 5.9% to the GDP in the year 2000-01. It pr ovides employment opportunities to the millions of people wher e women constitute about 70 per cent of the labour for ce. Milk pr oduction in India incr eased fr om 17 million tons in 1950-51 to 31.60 million tons in 1980-81. In the subsequent years it further incr eased to 91.00 million tons in 2004-05. Andhrapradesh is in 7th rank in milk pr oduction in the country . The dairy sector accounted for 1 1% of agricultural GDP in the state. Accor ding to 17th quiquennial livestock census 2003, the total population of cattle and buffalos in the state was 106. 3 lakhs and 93 lakhs r espectively . Milk pr oduction iin the state in 1980- 81 was 2.01 million tons and incr eased to 7.257 million tons in 2004-05 which noted 3.74 gr owth rates, with 263 grams per capita availability .

Indian society after independence is experiencing a transformation in social structur e due to the partition, the adoption of the constitution and the mer ger of hundr eds of feudal states, which contributed towar ds a deliberate policy of the government of India with r espect to industrial policy r esolutions, the planning mechanism and a series of legislative, administrative and other measur es. They have been adapted to change socio-economic conditions of Indian society . It is noticed that the family structur e and function among Muslims is under going a change as a r esult of industrialization and urbanization and the enacting of various legislations

Indian society after independence is experiencing a transformation in social structur e due to the partition, the adoption of the constitution and the mer ger of hundr eds of feudal states, which contributed towar ds a deliberate policy of the government of India with r espect to industrial policy r esolutions, the planning mechanism and a series of legislative, administrative and other measur es. They have been adapted to change socio-economic conditions of Indian society . It is noticed that the family structur e and function among Muslims is under going a change as a r esult of industrialization and urbanization and the enacting of various legislations.

Micr o teaching the new idea is r ecently developed in America. The central idea at the cor e of this new concept is to think har d and do something about it befor e you land as a teacher into the classr oom, pr oceed step by step in the concept of objective; and develop one idea or skill at a time

Sikh Gurus lay down a way of life for mankind which cr eates an ideal man. Ideal man in Sikhism is a householder who r emains detached fr om worldly pleasur es and sorr ows. He is God oriented person and endeavors to establish an ideal society . He is enlightened soul and act as perfect micr ocosm of macr ocosm (God) in true sense of the term. Ideal man in Sikhism is a saint-soldier who is awar e of his spiritual and worldly r esponsibilities. An ideal man develops his intellect and ability to an extent that he can play positive, constructive and participatory r ole in transformation of evils into virtues. He plays multidimensional r ole of emancipator , vanguar d and r edeemer for human race

Evaluation is a continuous pr ocess of inquiry concerned with the study , appraisal, and impr ovement of all aspects of the education pr ogram. The most ideal is for this pr ocess to be carried out cooperatively by all concerned with the gr owth and development of childr en. The pr esent time we ar e going for new and innovative techniques of educational evaluation system. For the impr ovement of quality new and innovative techniques must be used in evaluation system. That's why ther e is a necessity to apply “Open Book Examination

This study investigated the Car eer plateau among workers in LUSAS- TVS, Chennai. Specifically it aimed to investigate their stagnation position in their pr esent position for the long period. V arious workers in differ ent car der wer e chosen by using the Simple random sampling method was used and, the sample consists of a random distribution method r espectively and the Considerations and caution wer e put into selecting suitable r espondents fr om the sample. and the workers wer e chosen fr om differ ent car der and. 200 r espondents ar e been appr oached with the questionnair es wer e distributed either by the r esear cher himself, thr ough the lectur ers of r espective work place. The instrument was consisted of 2 parts; Part A and Part B. Part A was used for a demographic survey , and Part B was used to measur e the Stagnation of the employees. Data wer e analyzed by using Fr equency analysis, Chi-squar e, Factor analysis, Reliability test, One-way-ANOV A ar e been used to differ ence the demographic variables and the Entr epr eneurial attitudes and abilities among Management students. The 0.05 level of significance was used to determine the critical level of significance. The study found that all the five models used in this r esear ch have a significant r elationship among the variables

Irrigation facilities ar e for mor e important as decisive factor in cr op r egionalization than any other determinants. The rainfall pattern and its spatial distribution is the single most important factor for the development of irrigation facilities. The sour ces of irrigation in Beed district ar e mainly tank, canals, wells and tube well etc. Due to heter ogeneous landscape, the facilities of irrigation ar e very r estricted and limited in the most part of the district. The pr esent paper analysis the average tahsilwise intensity of irrigation in Beed district for investigating spatial pattern of irrigation two indices chose, first intensity and second is ranking of sour ces in every tahsil. Changes in place of first, second thir d and fourth made of irrigation sour ces. The intensity of irrigation is calculated as the average gr oss irrigated ar ea as the per centage of average gr oss cr opped ar ea on the tahsil level

The objective of pr esent r esear ch was to study the various aspects of mental health and personality of widows [women]. Sample consists of 100 widows in rural ar eas at Satara district of Maharashtra state. The duration of widowhood was above 1 month. Thesample selection methodwas used as purposive sampling technique. Result shows that duration of widowhood of widows' had significant effect on mental health and personality .The duration of 1 to 12 months of widowhood women was mor e alienation, emotionally unstable and social non conformity than above one year duration of widowhood women. The widow women wer e intr overt but not neur otic on the personality test.Mental health and personality was positively corr elated at low level

The pr oblems of maladjustment in interpersonal r elations function in several manners as a deciding factor in the behavior pattern of females. The ideal path of normative life or deviance in case of womanhood is always a function of the quality of interpersonal r elations which the females experience in the family befor e and after marriage. The imbalance in interpersonal r elations in the family makes the females sensitive to many pr oblems. A marriage or family operates as a gr oup in much the same manner as other social gr oups. The interlocking of the r oles amongst family member deeply affects the females and cr eates adjustment pr oblems for them and sometime for ces them to indulge in differ ent types of deviant activities. The interpersonal r elations in marriage and family r elations have many facets. W ithin the scope of pr esent study , an attempt has been made to thr ow light on the influence of varying condition of interpersonal r elations in the family including the women's marital maladjustment and str essful situation on the pattern of offensive behavior developed in them

A woman for the sake of economic independence and better social status enters the labour for ce. When she becomes a part of the labour for ce, she is conditioned with dual and multiple r esponsibilities. The home and work r ole ar e mutually influencing and interacting. Paid work in the society is not or ganized in such a way that it takes the family r esponsibilities of women into consideration. In such a condition, self-employment is identified as an apt pr ofession. It enables flexibilities and helps in balancing the dual r ole. But this is not the sole r eason for women turning self-employed. Indian women ar e plunged in to business because of factors such as pull and push factors. They choose the pr ofession as a challenge and adventur e with an ur ge to do something new , inter est in business and to have an independent occupation (pull factors)

Detailed geological and hydro-geological investigations have been carried out for a part of Katepurna River basin, Akola District, Maharashtra with emphasis on pumping test analysis with an aim to understand the geophysical, geological, geomorphologic and environmental control on the groundwater regime of the region. The study area is characterized by the presence of 140m thick horizontal sequence of lava flows which can be divided in simple and compound units based on their field characters, textual parameters and geomorphic expression.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of before and after Ramadan on mental health of old aged persons. Sample of the study 60 respondents. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of before and after Ramadan on mental health of old aged persons. Hypothesis of the study is 1. After Ramadan have significantly high mental health than the before Ramadan of old aged persons. C.G. Deshpande Mental Health test was used for measuring mental health, besides these, a PDS was used to get the other necessary information relating to the respondents. Conclusion Was 1. After Ramadan have significantly high mental health than the before

The pr esent day services scenario in FMCG sector have changed r emarkably and it is often stated that the this sector in India ar e yet to standar dize their service delivery and customers have often been left to their own individual discr etion in r espect of choice of tooth brush. The pr esent study of 100 such customers thr ow light on specific factors that they look into while choosing a tooth brush brands. This study can influence the managements to appr opriately strategies their management philosophies such that they do not lose gr ound in the long run. The study also suggests certain measur es that the manufactur er of tooth brush brands can adopt in a liberalized and globalised set up of Fast moving consumer goods operations

All childr en ar e most vulnerable gr oup in the society , certain disease affect them, and r esult in incr eased morbidity and mortality rates. These diseases include diarr hea, vector borne diseases, helminthic infestation, r espiratory infections and injuries. (Health action; 2003) The term parasite r elates to “any living thing that lives on or in another living or ganism”. Many parasites interfer e with bodily function, cause irritation; some destr oy the host's tissues and r elease toxin into the blood str eam

Objective- “Staphylococcus” is a common inhabitant of the skin and mucous membrane and it accounts for a considerable pr oportion of human infections. Emer gence of Multi Drug Resistance indicates a dir e to understand the bacterial involvement in infections and find out new alternative appr oaches in its therapeutics and pr evention. The antimicr obial pr operties of volatile ar omatic oils derived fr om edible plants have been r ecognized since antiquity . An advantage of essential oils over antibiotics may be that they ar e classified as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe). The pr esent study was undertaken to study the antimicr obial r esistance patterns of S. aur eus isolated fr om various samples collected fr om Hospitals of Gwalior . During the pr esent study an effort was made to find out the information about mecA pr otein of Staphylococcus and their conserved r egions wer e analyzed in or der to assess their antigenic potential.

Climatic changes are no longer a future event, but they are already happening in many places of the world, especially in the Mediterranean region. Extreme weather phenomena are observed almost every day. Climate change will affect the four dimensions of food security: availability, accessibility, food utilization and food system stability. It is evident that a new way of thinking is to be applied by all governments around the globe, a “Global Thinking”. Global cooperation is to be promoted with governments being realistic, so as to accept and adapt to the unavoidable coming alternations, due to the climatic changes. A useful tool has been developed from the scientific community in many countries: The Global Climate Models (GCM), that show a projection of climatic conditions on earth in the future. These models predict those countries that are to be negatively affected by the climatic changes and at the same time they show those countries that are going to be positively affected. Therefore, the old story of “”Losers” and “Winners” comes under the microscope. This shows the way humanity has to proceed in the future. Food security and poverty are to be faced by “Cooperation”. This paper is to examine in the both regions suffer from poverty, malnutrition, disease outbreaks and infrastructural insufficiencies .World Help Organizations must work more targeted and more effectively in removing these barriers and aim their policies in promoting cooperation between these regions of Losers and Winners

“A dir ect British ruled cr own colony would be formed with the Kachin of Northwestern Burma and India's Northeastern hills ar eas and the planning is on pr ocess.” An announcement was declar ed in a school meeting at Shillong in 13th November , 1941 by Robert Nail Rides, Governor of Assam. Accor ding to the plane the British colonial powers want to be form a territory of tribal peoples and want to r ole them dir ectly . Their vision was to make separate the tribal peoples fr om the fr eedom struggle of India and kept them with their side. They seeded the concept of separate territorial idea of tribal people, which wer e r eflected post independence period in India

In this study an attempt has been taken to compar e the importance of IQ and EQ. IQ r efers student's level of knowledge but EQ r efers the level of a student's ability to emotionally judge situations and fit into gr oups by managing their personal interactions. In math's class IQ is mor e important but EQ is useful for living better life. The importance of life is mor e than class so we can say that EQ development is most necessary for students.

Infections of the respiratory tract are perhaps the most common human ailment. While they are a source of discomfort disability and loss of time for most adults, they are a substantial cause of morbidity in young children and the elderly. Many of these infections run their natural course in older children and in adults without specific treatment and without complications. However, in young infants, small children and in the elderly, or in persons with impaired respiratory tract reserves, it increases the morbidity and mortality rates.

The main purpose of the study is to investigate the Death Anxiety and Psychological W ell-being of HIV +ve patients and HIV TB co-infected patients and the examine the differ ence between gender and type of disease of the study on their death anxiety and psychological well-being. For this investigation sample consists of 80, (40 HIV +ve and 40 HIV TB co-infected) wer e taken fr om Gulbar ga District, Karnataka State. This sample consists of both male and female HIV +ve patients and HIV TB co- infected male and female samples. Death anxiety scale and psychological well-being scale was used for this study , and't' test was applied to examine the differ ence between sample subgr oups. The r esult thr ough the study showed significant differ ence between male and female HIV +ve patients and HIV TB co-infected patients in death anxiety and psychological well-being

The Secr et Agent: A Simple T ale is a novel by Joseph Conrad published in 1907. The story is set in London in 1886 and deals lar gely with the life of Mr . V erloc and his job as a spy . The Secr et Agent is also notable as it is one of Conrad's later political novels, which move away fr om his typical tales of seafaring. The novel deals br oadly with the notions of anar chism, espionage, and terr orism. It portrays anar chist or r evolutionary gr oups befor e many of the social uprisings of the twentieth century . However , it also deals with exploitation, particularly with r egar d to V erloc's r elationship with his br other -in-law Stevie. Because of its terr orist theme, The Secr et Agent was noted as "one of the thr ee works of literatur e most cited in the American media" ar ound two weeks after September 1 1, 2001. The Secr et Agent was ranked the 46th best novel of the 20th century by Modern Library .

The pr esent study deals with the fluctuation of hydr ogen ion concentration (pH) in Pravara river in Akole tehsil of Ahmednagar district. The pH of river water is the measur e of how acidic or basic the river water is. Power of hydr ogen ion (pH) is a vital envir onmental factor for all aquatic media. pH is a scale of intensity of acidity or alkalinity and measur es the negative logarithm of hydr ogen ion concentration The optimum pH for river water is ar ound 7.4. Extr emes in pH can make a river inhospitable to life. Low pH is especially harmful to immatur e fish and insects. Acidic water also speeds the leaching of heavy metals harmful to aquatic life. The pr esent study was carried out for the fluctuation of water hydr ogen ion concentration (pH) in Pravara river at west Ahmednagar district during the period of 201 1-2012. The hydr ogen ion concentration (pH) in this study ranged fr om 6.85 to 7.95 at differ ent stations with little seasonal variation.. It is conclude that hydr ogen ion concentration (pH) of this river in the consider ed r egion was never too low or too high to thr eat the aquatic life and pr oductive in natur e

Last decade had seen explosion in Information T echnology (IT), its implementation and impact. IT has a major r ole in information system (IS) implementation. IS discipline is in essence an applied social science pertaining to use and impact of technology . The study discusses the r elationship of IT r elated (i.e. computer systems engineering and computer science) disciplines with IS and then social sciences r elated (psychology , anthr opology and sociology) disciplines with information system. IS in human r esour ce (HR) is named as human r esour ce information system (HRIS). Further , the study then works out how (information) technology can be accepted in IS and HRIS using T echnology Acceptance Model. Finally a model is pr oposed for user acceptance of information technology in HRIS

For long Indian industries wer e functioning in a closed and pr otected domestic market with heavy import duties, export subsidies and practically shutting off competition with for eign industrial goods.Realizing this the seeds of liberalization wer e sown in Indian industry during mid-eighties but major r eforms wer e initiated in July 1991 to infuse dynamism in the Indian industry . The new policy has liberalized Indian industry and has encouraged for healthy competition among domestic industrial units.

The infant does not enter the family as a social being. He becomes social thr ough his interaction with the family members. In the home the child learns that others besides himself have rights to which he must make concessions. The family then is the gr eat training school in behavior or misbehavior . Further a Person's family backgr ound r eveals the natur e of his socialization, which in turn affects his personality . The influence of the family is pervasive and determines various goals, aspirations, attitudes and life style of individual and members too.

The world is becoming mor e and mor e competitive. Quality of performance has become the key factor for personal pr ogr ess. Par ents desir e that their childr en climb the ladder of performance to as high a level as possible. This desir e for a high level of achievement puts a lot of pr essur e on students, teachers, schools, and, in general, the educational system itself. In fact, it appears as if, the whole system of education r evolves r ound the academic achievement of students, though various other outcomes ar e also expected fr om the system. In the pr esent study the r esear cher made an attempt to explor e how the achievement motivation influences the higher secondary students to achieve in English.