T ourism is one of the fastest gr owing sectors in India, which is helpful in gr owth and development pr ocess of economy . Nowadays tourism sector is rapidly r eplacing the traditional sector and it is one of the fastest gr owing economic sectors over the past 15 years. Recently Gujarat is focusing on the sustainable development of tourism by intr oducing various methodologies aspiring to incr eases tourism by pr oviding them various facilities and exciting destination by implementing various pr omotional and marketing strategies. The main aim of sustainable development is to develop the r esponsibility among local r esidents and tourist about the envir onment. T ourism is also helpful for the local people in display of their handicraft and cultural activities. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the tourism policy in Gujarat after 1991, the r eason for sustainable development in tourism and r ecent measur es taken by the Government of Gujarat

Liberalisation of the Indian economy in 1991 br ought about a radical shift in economic policies and possibilities. It was also marked with unpr ecedented economic gr owth. Ther e was a significant jump in the GDP gr owth rate and a spurt in national income. T raditionally , the principal measur e of a gr owing economy is its rising Gr oss Domestic Pr oduct. India today is gr owing and is consider ed to be one of the lar gest economies of the world. Over the past decade the Gr oss Domestic Pr oduct (GDP) has gr own at an average annual rate of seven per cent. The gr oss domestic pr oduct (GDP) jumped to nine per cent in 2005-06, up fr om 5.56% in 1990-91 and to 8.5% in 2010- 1 1fr om 8% in 2009. In the year 2010, GDP in India was worth US dollar 1729.01billion; accor ding to a r eport published by the W orld Bank. Accor ding to a quarterly r eport published by T echnopak (volume 3, 2010); the annual household income is now almost US$ 4,000, and if it is calculated on the basis of pur chasing power parity , then it is over US$ 12,000 per year . Further it is quite likely to double in the next ten years. As India's economy has gr own so has the spending power of its citizens. This in turn has led to the gr owth in the r etail sector . The Indian r etail market curr ently stands at USD 396 billion and is likely to gr ow further at 12% to incr ease to USD 574 billion by 2015 (Sour ce: Deloitte Retail POV “Indian Retail Report - Changing with the changing times”; IBEF r eport). This sector is the second lar gest employer after agricultur e, employing mor e than 35 million people with wholesale trade generating an additional employment to 5.50 million mor e. The gr owing disposable income in the country is r esulting in incr easing consumer spending habits

The purpose of the study was to compar e the anxiety level between sportswomen and non- sportswomen. One hundr ed subjects wer e randomly selected fr om Guru Ghasidas University , Bilaspur (C.G.).The sample Consisted of 50 P .G. students who wer e studying in one or other P .G. course and has participated in Sports activities at differ ent levels of competition. The non-sportswomen sample was consisted of those Students who wer e studying in differ ent P .G. Courses and did not participated in any sports activities. The Sinha's Compr ehensive anxiety scale was administer ed to collect the data. The data collected fr om two gr oups wer e analysed by using't' test. The independent variables of study wer e Sportswomen and Non-sportswomen wher eas the dependent V ariable was Sinha's Anxiety Questionnair e. The Study carried out by r esear cher r eveals that anxiety behaviour manifested by situational factor but sportswomen and non-sportswomen chosen for this study wer e coming fr om the rural and poverty backgr ound, these factor made them to cultivate the sustainable ability and managing skills among the sportswomen and non- sportswomen of the university

The objectives of this r esear ch ar e to do in-depth study of the pr oblems and pr ospects of fruits pr ocessing units run by Self Help Gr oups in Ratnagiri district which ar e mostly the cottage industry . In this r egion, fruits pr ocessing activities ar e generally performed by women, individually or in gr oup based on domestic know-how , and by manual work. Government of India has explicitly supported Self Help Gr oups engaged in Fruits pr ocessing with a view to str engthen the rural community economically , especially women by pr oviding them opportunity to earn income jointly by using local r esour ces, and to r educe post harvest losses

Literacy is one of the most prerequisite conditions of human development. That is why it has been used as an indicator of Human Development Index and planners have emphasized on different schemes and programmes for development of literacy in every planning year. It reduces the obstacles in life. However widespread illiteracy is not new. It is proved from 2001 census data of Memari-II Block that still more than 1/3rd of population of this block is still far from light of literacy. However this single parameter of illiteracy rate is not enough for calling backwardness in literacy. Other parameters such as gender-gap in literacy, range of literacy in an area are to be taken because in developing countries like India gender discrimination is a normal phenomenon and unequal distribution of the results of social reform are also very important. All these factors collectively denote the level of backwardness in literacy. An attempt has been taken to recover such backwardness level in literacy at intrablock level in Memari-II Block.

English language has become a global language with the advent of Globalisation. Naturally English language learning has got increased importance as English is the language for the global communication. English is a second language for Indian sand often mother tongue hampers the English acquisition of most of the Indians. NCF 2005 has underlined that significance of teaching of English as early as possible so that the learners may have a native speaker like fluency in English. Based on these guidelines Kerala government introduced English Language teaching from class 1 onwards. Teaching of English also affects the quality student acquisition of English. Anxiety is often produced when one tries to interact in English which can affect the language proficiency of the learners. Teacher competence in English and their anxiety can have an influential impact on learners. This study found out that there is a negative correlation between English language anxiety and English language competence of Elementary teacher trainees in Kerala. As elementary teachers have an influential role in developing different competence of the young learners including English language competence, this paper puts foreword a number of suggestion to reduce the anxiety evoking situations and to improve English language competence of the trainees.

In this paper some separation pr operties using -open sets in topological spaces ar e defined and their r elationships with some other pr operties ar e studied

Cassia tora is a potent medicinal plant in the Indian system of medicine. The present study mainly focused on the potential antimicrobial value of methanol plant extract of Cassia tora against pathogenic bacteria E.coli, B. subtilis, S.auresus, P. aeruginosa and fungi A. niger and C.albicans by agar well diffusion method. The results revealed that the methanol plant extract were potent in inhibiting these bacteria and fungi and this work highlights that the inhibitory effect is on par with standard antibiotics (streptomycine).

Pr esent study was done to see the effect of Aeglemarmelos on motor co- or dination in wistar rats using r ota r od method. Result of pr esent study showed positive motor co-or dination effectof Aeglemarmelos.Animals r eceiving A. marmelosextract (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant incr ease in the time spent on r evolving r od when compar ed to contr ol, thus demonstrating the positive effect on motor co- or dination

Pr esent study was done to see the effect of Aeglemarmelos on motor co- or dination in wistar rats using r ota r od method. Result of pr esent study showed positive motor co-or dination effectof Aeglemarmelos.Animals r eceiving A. marmelosextract (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant incr ease in the time spent on r evolving r od when compar ed to contr ol, thus demonstrating the positive effect on motor co- or dination

Srirangam is described as the paradise on Earth. It is the abode of the Lor d Sri Ranganatha, in r eclining fr om and is situated in a pictur esque island formed by the bifur cation of the river cauvery at a place called Mukkombu (upper Anaicut). Srirangam 1 is just eight Kilometr e fr om T iruchirapalli. The district of T iruchirapalli called by the 2 British as 'T richinopoly' and popularly known as trichy . It is an island district located centrally in the state of T amilnadu. The district lies between 100 16' and 1 10 32' northern latitude and 770 45' and 790 30' eastern latitude

For the first time in the last five decades, quality has become the key slogan in Indian or ganizations as they strive for a competitive advantage in an atmospher e characterized by liberalization, globalization and knowledgeable customers. After almost a decade of liberalization, the Indian economy is exhibiting a far gr eater openness and less rigidity than ever befor e

he r ejection of the government to the demand made by the Congr essmen to accor d Dominion Status led Gandhiji in January 1930 to ask the V icer oy concede his eleven points which included intr oduction of total pr ohibition, r eduction of military expenditur e, dischar ge of political prisoners and abolition of salt tax. It was decided to take a pledge on January 26th, which declar ed thus- “W e hold it to be a crime against man and god to submit any longer to a rule that has caused this fourfold disaster (economic, political, cultural and spiritual) to out country . W e r ecognize however that the most effective way of gaining our fr eedom is not thr ough violence. W e will ther efor e pr epar e ourselves by withdrawing so far as we can all voluntary association fr om the British government and will pr epar e for civil disobedience including non-payment of taxes... W e ther efor e her eby solemnly r esolve to carry out the Congr ess instructions issued fr om time to time for the purpose of establishing Purna Swaraj“. Gandhiji decided to inaugurate the civil disobedience movement by br eaking the salt laws so as to

Education is change in behavior . W e get experiences at home, in the society and thr ough social interactions and healthy social r elationships. These shape human behavior along the dir ection desir ed. It is necessary to study the natur e of society to understand the factors, institutions and for ces which influence the behavior of an individual. In short a teacher should be both a philosopher and a sociologist

Pr esent study was done in 30 anaemia patients against 30 contr ols . The tools used was SMMSE. Data wer e pr esented as mean and analyzed using students t test,Anemic had very highly significant cognitive dysfunction in the orientation, attention, language and construction domains of SMMSE and also on the total scor es. Anaemic patients had significant cir cumscribed ar eas of cognitive dysfunctions compar ed to the contr ol gr oup but a clear r elation between the severity of anaemia and the severity of cognitive dysfunction could not be established

Mulk Raj Anand (1905-2004), the fiery voice of the people, incontr overtibly r emains a father figur e in Pan- Indian English literatur e – one who has made a successful social interpr etation of Mother India. He has indeed deeply felt the pulse of Indian society . Anand is distinguished as a novelist for his pr oletariat humanism, social r ealism, naturalistic appr oach, cr eative stamina and his 'mulkese' r ealistic language. He selects the lowest classes to r epr esent them in his novels. He pleads for the oppr essed, the have-nots, the exploited and, in a wor d,' the mar ginalized' in the society . The pr esent article is a humble strive on the part of the r esear cher to focus on the post colonial aspects of the writings of Anand in the light of his two epoch-making novels – 'Coolie'(1936) and 'Untouchable'(1935)

This paper explor es about the use of macr o to the design of Marine Coupling i.e. how the 3D solid modeling softwar es (like CA TIA V5) can be used to automate design tasks by using macr os (pr ogram code written in certain pr ogramming language), and visual basic as event driven pr ogramming. This appr oach utilizes standar d design equations of the Marine Coupling and links them together . The user has to supply some basic parameters of the coupling. The macr o itself calculates the r equir ed data. The calculated data is used to generate part model of Marine Coupling in part modeling envir onment of CA TIA V5

The present work deals with traditional medicines used on treating the hair problems i.e. hair fall, dandruff, discoloration of hair etc from Marathwada region of Maharashtra. Authors have collected the traditional knowledge from villagers, took the interviews noted on paper and recorded their knowledge For this authors visited the villages of different talukas in Marathwada such as Kannad, Sillod, Soygaon, Vaijapur, of Aurangabad districts which are dominated by few tribal inhabitants like Bhil, Pardhi, Andh, Thakar Vaidu and other while Kalamnuri, Sengaon, Umri, Sonpeth, Hadgaon, Talukas of Hingoli, Nanded and Parbhani districts of Marathwada region were dominated by Andh Tribes. Products from natural sources are an integral part of human health care system because there are major concern about synthetic drugs owing to their side effects and toxicity . The present study is an attempt to investigate the medicinal plants used for hair disorders / problems by tribal communities based in Marathwada region of Maharashtra. 20 Plant species belonging to 18 families of ethnomedical interest are recorded after survey and screening.

An or ganization cannot stay stagnant in today's fast paced, ultra competitive global envir onment; change is inevitable. Change management involves defining and adapting corporate strategies, structur es, pr ocedur es and technologies to deal with change budding fr om the internal as well as external envir onment; but transformation is not an easy task especially in a giant like State Bank of India (SBI). The Bank had to face a dramatic cultural change with the challenges thr own by the private sector banks which pr ovided customer oriented services while most of the staff in SBI was not awar e of the fact that the bank was losing its hold amongst the upper end market. Accor ding to the Society for Human Resour ce Management (SHRM) 2007, Change Management Survey r eport “the top two obstacles encounter ed during the major or ganizational changes ar e communication br eakdown and employee's r esistance.”Biggest challenge for the management was to convey its idea of transformation to each and every employee of the or ganization. The str ong hierar chical design of the or ganization was the major hur dle. T o implement cultural change the idea of change has to per colate to the lowest level, motivating staff to accept change willingly .

Ener gy is known as an effective and strategic input in the consumption and pr oduction pr ocess. Ener gy subsidies which determined under the gap of domestic and r egional prices have caused tr emendous and non-economic incr ease in prices levels. Ener gy subsidies ar e posed one of the vital government policies to support the industries in Iran as well as in the entir e world. This study by using EVIEWS softwar e and applying thr ee least squar e appr oach (simultaneous equations system) is trying to examine the effect of subsidies on the demand side of ener gy sector , pr oductivity of industries and employment situation over 1998- 2009. Study is divided into four subsections. First part of study started with intr oduction of ener gy facts and figur es in Iran and the entir e world elaborately . Second subsection r eviews former studies. At the thir d part, we intr oduce various equations and forms of simultaneous equations model and the main model specification. And eventually final part of paper r epr esents conclusion and considerable r ecommendations for policy makers and students. The findings show that decr easing ener gy subsidies leads to down demand for ener gy . Meanwhile it finally causes to incr ease pr oductivity of industry sector and employment rate

The present paper discussed briefly the open source movement. Further, the outcomes of open source movement are e-prints, institutional repositories (digital repositories) and Open Source Software. Now the scholarly communication is made easy through these initiatives, as much information is freely available to the research scholars. Further, it also become helpful for the libraries, as there is no need to subscribe more journals and saves budget of the library.

Samarium substituted cobalt ferrite materials with chemical formula CoFe - 2 xSm O (x = 0.00 and 0.02) have been synthesized by standard ceramic technique using x 4 AR grade CoO, Sm O and Fe O . The X- ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirmed 2 3 2 3 the formation of a single phase cubic spinel structure. The unit cell volume, particle size, Hopping length and lattice constant decreases, while the X- ray density, bulk density, porosity increases with samarium substituted cobalt ferrite. Infrared spectra of the samples were recorded at room temperature in the range 350cm-1- 800cm-1 on the tetrahedral and octahedral sites respectively. Magnetic properties measurements were carried out at room temperature using pulse field hysteresis loop technique, the saturation magnetization (Ms) and magneton number decrease (nB), while the coercivity (Hc) is found to increases with samarium substituted cobalt ferrite.

Digital Divide may also be called as “Information and Technology gap”. In general terms, it is the gap between those who can effectively use new information and communication tools, such as the internet, and those who cannot. The digital divide becomes challenge for the development of digital libraries in India. Because the different factors such as Illiteracy, Poverty, Computer illiteracy, lack of widespread telecommunication facilities, shortage of power supply etc. created the digital divide in India. The Government of India and different state governments have already took developmental measures to control the digital divide. The present paper explained different government schemes, measures and programmes, which are aimed to overcome the digital divide and thereby enabling development of the digital libraries in India.

All consumers are subject to the influence of several environmental factors and these have an important bearing on their behaviour. The economic, social and cultural factors are important to maintain attitude and behaviour of consumer. In a dynamic and complex socio-economic environment, the consumer of today is exposed to a large variety of new products and services. Consumers today are also conscious of their right and wants to be assured of right quality of goods being available at the right price. Whereas globalization has placed the consumer in the wider international market. Consumers are one the most important resources of the country and any country is committed to guarantee their welfare and protect their rights. Right to be informed, is another the responsibility of society. From this aspect Public library system could provide the requisites institutional mechanism for the community information support system. Public libraries had long been a 'Free Space' or a neutral place in the community, which welcomed people from different walks of life. Therefore, libraries (Public) became a wider platform as a community information center through which different consumer welfare issues are distributed and circulated to the whole section of the society irrespective of rural and urban and remote places. This paper highlights the organizational issues to be considered for consumer welfare and protection by providing a structured community information service.

Of all the languages in the world today English deserves to be r egar ded as a world language. It is the world's most widely spoken language. It is the common means of communication between the peoples of differ ent nations. One person out of every four on earth can be r eached thr ough English. But the language is not r eaching all the corner of the community

V iolence in the post cold war era has changed both in dimension and form. Ther e has been a significant decline in occurr ence of interstate conflicts. However violence and armed conflicts continue to haunt humanity and impede its pr ogr ess within the nations if not acr oss them. The poverty ridden Africa has witnessed worst kinds of violence and armed conflict. Economists acr oss the globe have alr eady invested appr eciable time and intellect in unfolding the impacts of violence on economic development both at the Micr o and the Macr o level. It is indeed disheartening to know that none of the countries affected by violence have been able to achieve single Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Mor e r ecently developments in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and India and their fall out on the gr owth pr ospects of this r egion have attracted worldwide attention. In context of Asia one of the oldest r easons for interstate and intra state tension is the Kashmir Issue. An un r esolved territorial dispute between India, Pakistan and China fr om at least 1947 enter ed into an armed r ebellion phase in 1989. Since 1989 this part of the world has witnessed a huge loss of capital – both physical and human. Investments have been scar cer and import dependence has incr eased over the decades. The macr o-economic effects of the conflict ar e evident if not measur ed. However the impact of the Kashmir conflict on the household welfar e still r emains a mystery . Hence, the pr esent paper . Her ein we addr ess and try to understand the impact of violent conflict and political instability on the household savings, borr owings and employment structur es. Based on data gather ed fr om a sample survey conducted in the conflict effected households in district Srinagar this paper r eveals: 51.6% of the r espondents r eported a significant decr ease in their savings over the r efer ence period 1990-2010. 43.1% of the households r eported to have had incr eased borr owings. Only 31.3% of the households r eported to have r eceived the government aid while a staggering 68.8% of the households r eported not to have r eceived any kind of aid fr om the government. 46.25% of the households r eported child employment. 71.6% of the households r eported loss of manpower as the only r eason for sending childr en to work

One of the primary tasks of the network planning engineer will be to manage interfer ence issues in the design. This does not necessarily mean that at the end of the design pr ocess, ther e will be no interfer ence anywher e in the network, but rather that the pr evalence of interfer ence is minimized and, if unavoidable, is placed wher e it will do the least harm (for those technologies that allow this to be done). Ther e ar e a number of ways to do this. Of which the most effective way is pr oper fr equency assignment. In this paper we have tried to explor e differ ent sour ces of interfer ences ( i.e.,intra & inter)their schematic r epr esentations and mitigation techniques for r educing interfer ence.

A fundamental goal of r esear ches in WSNs is to r educe the communication operations and pr olong the total lifetime of sensor networks. Making effective use of the vast amounts of data gather ed by lar ge scale sensor networks will r equir e scalable, self-or ganizing, and ener gy-efficient data dissemination algorithms Distributed Hash T ables (DHT s) over WSNs is a new r outing paradigm pr omises several advantages over conventional r outing pr otocols

Gray markets occur when a pr oduct is de signed and desti ned for a particular market, and an intermediary known as a 'gray marketer' brings that pr oduct to a second market to sell it for less than its list price in that second market. (David Soberman, 2012) The gr ey market has been escalating rapidly , leading to a number of pr oblems including loss of r evenue and mar gin, damage to the carrier affiliation, depr eciation of the brand, possible liability and safety concerns, misalignment of budgets, and r educed inventory turnover . Gr ey market pr oducts ar e generally sold at lower prices than those offer ed by authorized distribution partners

In the pr esent paper attempt is made to look towar ds the r elationship between education and work of T ribal women. W omen education and work is an important socio- economic variable having str ong implication for human development and status of T ribal women. Hence, society and government have paid incr easing attention to the T ribal W omen education. This study is part of social and Population Geography . The study examines household T ribal women education attainment and disparity mainly based on primary data collected thr ough intensive fieldwork conducted in September 201 1. Education or literacy rate has incr eased compar ed with non T ribal women, T ribal-non tribal women disparity have incr eased as per census. Respondent T ribal women r eported that educated or literate has only 29.23 per cent. Hence, their standar d of living does not have mor e change. House or domestic work is r outine work of women in Indian society . W omen wer e completed house or domestic work and ther eafter do not essential any other work in outside as a paid work, but it does not happen with the T ribal women. They have to go outside work as a daily wage labours. Illiteracy is serious issue found in the T ribal women, ther efor e their work skill, quality does not impr oved, hence, overall human development has affected.

India's food security situation was uncertain at the time of independence. But due to hard work doing by researchers, farmers and the government, self-sufficiency could be achieved by the end of the 1970s.India has achieved food security in terms of reaching near self sufficiency in food and accumulating an imposing buffer stocks but still there is a number of weaknesses. In the last sixty years per capita net availability of cereals increased marginally but per capita net availability of pulses remained half. This study is purely depending on secondary data. Data is collected from various magazines, journals, weekly etc. The volatility in the growth in the agriculture sector has posed a real challenge in ensuring food security for all. The efficacy of PDS in distributing food to the poor seems to be bad.

Anglo – Indian education and 1An glo – Indian schools have had a chequer ed car eer . Indeed, Anglo – Indian schools have traversed many vicissitudes, political and financial. The East India Company seldom, if ever , undertook any r esponsibility towar ds Anglo – Indian childr en. Between 1640 and 1660, when the childr en2 gr ew up literally within the sound of shot and shell, it was not necessary for them to have mor e than a smattering of the 3 Rs. All manner of people wer e employed as tutors – disabled soldiers, old pensioners, bankrupt mer chants or dismissed factors. The first school to be opened was at St. Geor ge (Madras), between 1645 and 1650 that was the r esult of missionary effort.

Small Scale Industry is one of the major components of our economic development which pr ovides mor e employment opportunities particularly to the rural people, export potentials and acts as ancillary units for the lar ge scale industry . Small Scale Industry is the blood str eam of the Indian economy . They feed the lar ge industries and they cannot survive without small units, which ar e the major sour ce of innovation in Indian Industry . But these units ar e facing certain pr oblems such as finance, marketing, non-availability of raw material, low pr oductivity etc. In this study we have analyzed the gr owth and tr end in pr oduction, working capital and employment in small scale industries during the year 1998-99 to 2007-08. Thus this paper highlighted the performance of the Small Scale Industries in the Osmanabad district. It is concluded that the performance of the Small Scale Industries in the Osmanabad district is a good. If they got the effective services and facilities fr om the Government and Institutions, they can perform very well in futur e. They may incr ease in pr oduction, employment and income

Female literacy is one of the significant indicators of educational development for any society . In case of Muslim r eligion it found that at all India level the literacy rate of Muslim is very low , particularly female literacy rate. This article used the districts and state 2001 census hand book data for the pr esent discussion. Simple per centage method has been used to show the variation of literacy rate and Muslim population distribution acr oss the districts

The Indian Insurance industry is flourishing with several national and international players competing and gr owing at rapid rates. The globalisation has allowed the Indian insurance sector to flourish as ther e is huge market potential for insurance in India and this potential will definitely incr ease further in futur e. The survey was conducted fr om the state of Jammu and Kashmir using primary and secondary sour ces of data. This study has explor ed and assessed insurance potential in rural ar eas of Jammu and Kashmir State by analysing r elationship between disposable income and Insurance potential. Looking at the sour ce of information for households, it was f ound that television is the primary sour ce for both insur ed and uninsur ed households. Other sour ces of information ar e friends, r elatives and neighbours, news papers, radios, and transistors

The Government of Chhattisgar h has initiated a set of r eforms to impr ove its Pur chase System of Paddy thr ough marketing societies by adopting a unique ICT based module to cr eate a transpar ent and accountable delivery mechanism. As a part of these r eforms, the Government of Chhattisgar h in association with the National Informatics Centr e has computerized its whole food grain supply chain - fr om pr ocur ement of pr oduce, to storage and transportation, to state war ehousing and further transfer to fair priced shops (FPS). T o addr ess the leakages in Pur chase System, the State of Chhattisgar h implemented an end-to-end information technology solution in 2007. Ther e is continuous monitoring of operations at all levels via r eports uploaded onto the web in r eal time. W eb management has led to enhanced accountability of operations. The online platform pr ovides an account of commodity stocks which helps decision makers in utilizing the inventory of commodities with gr eater efficiency . A unique featur e of Paddy Pr ocur ement in Chhattisgar h is the innovative for food security of poor and needy , paddy pr ocur ement was computerized to bring in much needed transpar ency and efficiency . The ICT solution being used in Chhattisgar h is showing very encouraging r esults and states like Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh have showed inter est in r olling out a similar pr ocedur e

The cooperatives which ar e the life blood of the state economy and the mechanism for any development pr ograms. The cooperative cr edit structur e is serving the Indian society since 1904 and since then it has seen several ups and downs. Despite of several limitations such as r estriction of ar ea of operations, limited clients, small volume of business, political interfer ence, this movement is standing since last 108 years and serving the societies. The cooperative sector is one of the main partners of economy; the cooperatives have mor e r each to the rural India, thr ough their huge network of cr edit societies in the institutional cr edit structur e. The cooperative sector has played a key r ole in the economy of the nation. The cooperative covers almost all cent per cent villages. The place of cooperatives in Indian economy and its r ole in social and economic affairs has developed a new dimension with the beginning of the planning. India emphasized the pr ocess of planning stemmed partly fr om the ur ge of backwar dness and partly fr om line which gave an for ce to achieve social justice, equality and a decent livelihood for all citizens, the pr omotion of cooperative thought of not mer ely as an extension of state action but as a step towar ds the r ealization of the best of the cooperative widespr ead pr osperity . This paper attempts to analyze the committees on development of cooperative movement.

The most difficult job that faces a supervisor/manager is learning how to effectively motivate and keep his/her employees motivated. Unfortunately , everyone is differ ent and what motivates one employee may only make another employee angry . Motivations means it is a pr ocess of encourage employee and get the work is done in less time and give him/her appraisals and r ewar ds based on his/her performance. The method we use to motivate each employee must be tail or ed to t he individual employee. W e must offer them something that value as an incentive to work towar ds a goal. One size does not fit all when it comes to motivation. Everyone wants to be successful. But to be successful, ther e is an important thing you must have and that is motivation. Her e ar e four r easons why motivation is important for success. Motivation helps you get started, Motivation helps you keep moving, Motivation makes you do mor e than necessary , and Motivation makes the journey fun

Customer satisfaction is one of the parameters for judging the efficiency of banking system. W ith incr easing use of technology and plet hora of pr oducts offer ed by the banks, one of the important discerning point for customer to open their account is the speed, convenience and customer service r ender ed by the bank. The banks ar e now r eady to face the nuances of the customer and they ar e striving har d to keep themselves up to the expectations of the customer . In the r eal sense customer in now king. Satisfaction is customer's emotional r esponse or feeling of pleasur e or displeasur e to per ceived quality . This r esear ch paper attempts to make a comparative analysis of customer's satisfaction of public & private sector banks in India. The r esear ch work is descriptive in natur e and both primary and secondary data has been used. The general myth that public sector banks ar e not customer pr o-active and ar e deficient in pr oviding quality customer service, has been demystified by this r esear ch. The study brings out that level of satisfaction of customers of public sector banks is found to be higher as compar ed to private sector banks. However , ther e is always scope for impr ovement and the banks must make sustained effort to incr ease the quality and take it to the next higher level of satisfaction known as “customer delight”

T oday the major lament of most employers who hir e high school or even college graduates is that these employees have major deficiencies especially in the ar eas of oral interaction, business writing, teamwork, thinking and pr oblem solving skills. Many educators and business people also feel that the curr ent business communication courses offer ed today also contribute to these deficiencies as ther e is a mismatch between the curriculum and r eal world needs

In this paper author assesses the how Fund Flow Analysis is useful for Dudh Sangh. A fund flow statement pr ovides information about Dudh Sangh on how , during the r eporting period, decisions r elating to capital structur e, dividend & investment in noncurr ent assets have changed the amount invested in working capital. However it should be clear that ther e is no cause & effect r elationship between investment in non- curr ent assets & financing decisions & the investment in working capital.While farmers' cooperatives of various types play a useful r ole in pr omoting rural development, dairy cooperatives have special attributes that make them particularly suitable. Among these, they can facilitate the development of r emote rural economies, thus upgrading the standar d of living of the poor . The analyses of this paper fund flow analyses is useful tool for dudh sangh and it shows working capital

In earlier days, computer systems wer e used and maintained in isolation form fr om other ar eas of business. The rapid gr owth and widespr ead use of electr onic data pr ocessing and electr onic business conducted thr ough the Internet, along with numer ous occurr ences of international terr orism, fueled the need for better methods of pr otecting the computers and the information they stor e, pr ocess and transmit. IT managers, Network Administrators and Database Administrators face incr easing challenges of managing and pr otecting information and network r esour ces fr om unauthorized access. Or ganizations use's the information stor ed on these systems to conduct vital business operations. Ther efor e, or ganizations need to pr otect the information fr om unauthorized access and potential destruction. So to pr eserve data secur ely every IT user must know the benefits and losses about the IT security maintenance. T o avoid further consequences and legal issues or ganizations should awar e about differ ent security laws and security maintenance policies

ncentive schemes act as external stimuli. They induce workers to excel and earn mor e than the normal wages. Ther efor e, well-drafted incentive schemes bring gains to all, i.e., both to the employers and employees. These schemes have universal application, in the sense that they can be applied in all forms of business or ganizations, be it big or small, high-tech or labour -intensive, etc., though the structur e and complexities of the schemes may vary fr om a small enterprise to a big enterprise. The pr esent r esear ch paper aims to evaluate the labour incentive plans of SSI sector in a selected ar ea. The SSI units ar e labour -intensive and pr ovide gainful employment to lakhs of low-educated, unskilled and semi-skilled workers. The operational efficiency of these units depend on the efficiency rate of their employees. In view of this, incentive schemes become essential. The study looks at the existence, structur e and cost of incentive schemes in Hubli-Dharwad ar ea of Karnataka State. The study finds that incentives sche mes ar e yet to make serious inr oads into SSI sector and only 68 per cent of surveyed units employ them. The schemes employed ar e simple, monetary and individual-oriented in natur e. The cost of incentive schemes does not exceed 5 per cent of total labour cost in majority of units employing such schemes. The study also finds that ther e is no statistical r elationship between educational qualification level of entr epr eneurs and the adoption of incentive schemes but the educational level becomes important in deciding the structur e of incentive schemes. The study concludes by pr oviding some useful suggestions for the adoption and operation of incentive schemes in SSI sector

This survey study was conducted with the objective of r eflecting on the r elevance of the thoughts of Dr . Ambedkar for the mar ginalized in contemporary India by the sample of teachers (50) and students (105) drawn fr om the English Medium Secondary School of Amravati City . The tool used was questionnair e pr epar ed by the investigator . The study r evealed that ther e still exist various pr oblem which need solutions and can be solved thr ough the thoughts of the gr eat personality Dr . Ambedka

An or ganization cannot stay stagnant in today's fast paced, ultra competitive global envir onment; change is inevitable. Change management involves defining and adapting corporate strategies, structur es, pr ocedur es and technologies to deal with change budding fr om the internal as well as external envir onment; but transformation is not an easy task especially in a giant like State Bank of India (SBI). The Bank had to face a dramatic cultural change with the challenges thr own by the private sector banks which pr ovided customer oriented services while most of the staff in SBI was not awar e of the fact that the bank was losing its hold amongst the upper end market. Accor ding to the Society for Human Resour ce Management (SHRM) 2007, Change Management Survey r eport “the top two obstacles encounter ed during the major or ganizational changes ar e communication br eakdown and employee's r esistance.”Biggest challenge for the management was to convey its idea of transformation to each and every employee of the or ganization. The str ong hierar chical design of the or ganization was the major hur dle. T o implement cultural change the idea of change has to per colate to the lowest level, motivating staff to accept change willingly .

Rao Bahadur Rettaimalai Srinivasan or ganized the Adi-Dravida Mahajana Sabha in Madras. He also started a journal Parayan in 1893 for the benefit of the depr essed classes. Fr om 1923-1935 he was nominated to the Madras Legislative Council member . He was the pioneer of the Dalit Movement. He also r epr esented the depr essed classes at the first and second r ound T able Confer ences. He also the Champion of the Dalit Communities

T rigonella foenum-graceum L. has unique ability to maintain a high pr otein level thr oughout the gr owing season ther efor e it is cultivated as a commer cial cr op. The use of biofertilizers on T rigonella plant showed the significant effect on gr owth and leaf, seed pr otein content. Compar ed to contr ol shoot length and r oot length was mor e in the pot containing differ ent biofertilizers. The total Chlor ophyll content was maximum in the leaves of plants gr own in the pot containing 50 gm of Rhizobium and 50 gm Azotobacter . The maximum leaf pr otein content was noticed in the plant gr own in the pot containing 50 gm of Rhizobium and 50 gram of Azotobacter . The maximum seed pr otein was noticed in the plants gr own in soil containing 50 gm of Rhizobium and 50 gm of Azotobacter .

Nowadays whole world is facing various Envir onmental issues. Global W arming, Pollution, Defor esting, and others. Some International and National confer ences discussed on such issues and gave new pr ograms for solving such pr oblem, but they expected some pr ograms fr om Non Government Or ganization, Private Institution, and Education system

n this 21st century one of the biggest appr oaches is Electr onic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM). Electr onic Customer Relationship Management stands as the latest paradigm and is becoming mor e and mor e necessary for any kind of business for its internet accessibility . E-CRM has attracted the attention of every field for the past several years. It enables customers to assist themselves by the help of the company's website. This facility is available anywher e and anytime. It has also put a gr eater impact in the field of banking. The banking sector in India is gr owing rapidly and helps to impr ove the economic development of a nation. The success of banking in the fast changing economic scenario generally depends on the people, customers and technology . The ultimate performance of a bank depends upon the satisfaction of its customers. In or der to boost their economic lines banks ar e incr easingly looking at ways of achieving or ganic gr owth thr ough acquisition of new customers and r etaining existing customers. All these can now be possible with the adoption of E-CRM in this sector . This paper deals with the function of Electr onic Customer Relationship Management in banking sector and the r ole of managing customer r elation to incr ease customer value. It also attempts to analyze the concept of E-CRM in Indian banks fr om its various dimensions casing specifically its need, pr ocess, pr esent status and futur e pr ojection.

Peace education brings together multiple traditions of pedagogy , theories of education, and international initiatives for the advancement of human development thr ough learning. It is fundamentally dynamic, inter disciplinary , and multicultural and gr ows out of the work of educators such as John Dewey , Maria Montessori, Paulo Fr eir e, Johan Galtung, Elise and Kenneth Boulding, and many others.Building on principles and practices that have evolved over time, r esponding to differ ent historical cir cumstances, peace education aims to cultivate the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to achieve and sustain a global cultur e of peace. Understanding and transforming violence is central. The following diagram helps visualise the cor e r elationship between violence and peace.Peace is understood not only as the absence of traditional forms of dir ect violence, but also as a positive pr esence. Globalization is a pr ocess of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of differ ent nations, a pr ocess driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology . This pr ocess has effects on the envir onment, on cultur e, on political systems, on economic development and pr osperity , and on human physical well-being in societies ar ound the world. In the pr esent era of globalized society educating for and about all aspects of peace constitutes peace education

The twenty first century is conceived as knowledge era. Hence the importance on knowledge r elated activities wer e incr eased. Knowledge Management playing an important r ole in generating, developing, storing and making r eady to use of knowledge. W ith the incr ease in applications of Information and Communication T echnology , several tools and techniques wer e developed to manage the knowledge effectively . The pr esent paper explained differ ent tools and techniques of the Knowledge Management in the digital era.

The pr ocess of Globalization and Liberalization has influenced Indian Insurance Sector . The Public Sector Life Insurance Corporation and Private Sector companies have been competing with each other for pr oviding best services and best pr oducts to the customers. Customer is kind in any market and Insurance Market is no exception. Every company is trying for innovative pr oduct to satisfy customers' needs. This r esear ch paper attempt to analyse the performance of Insurance Company in Public Sector LIC and Private Companies operating in India under the pr ovisions of IRDA, 1999

The scope of human rights is very vast and ther efor e it is impossible to cover all aspects of the human right, so r esear cher choose one disadvantaged gr oup, the women because they constitute one half of the population of India and everywher e disadvantaged in comparison with their male peers. The fact that women tend to suffer human rights abuses in a gender specific way has been ignor ed now a day sex discrimination is to the lar ger issue of development, abuse of women is a private matter , and the abuse of woman's rights being so pervasive its inclusion would overwhelm all the human right.

If you take away love the world is a tomb”. Y es! If a person acknowledges or accepts Nuclear W ar it means that he lost his love for humanity and started digging the graveyar d. Arundhati Roy is one of the Anti- W ar Feminists who condemned India's Nuclear -weapon policy . 'The End of Imagination' is a manifesto wher e Roy uses her fame to pr omote awar eness of the dangers of nuclear weapons, r efuting the ar guments of local politicians to justify the nuclear tests carried out by the governments of India and Pakistan. The End of Imagination (1998), translated to Portuguese by Asa Literatura, 1999.Roy clearly denounces these nuclear tests as nationalist pr opaganda to raise popular support for the elites in power , risking peace and other social priorities (like education) in the name of political opportunism

Oil is a very essential commodity of daily life. The Consumption of oil in Indian diet is very high as compar e to other countries. Ther e ar e many Geographical, Social and Economical factors ar e affecting on the location of oil industry in Solapur city . The ar ea surr ounding the Solapur city is rural which pr oduce raw material for oil industry . i.e. Gr oundnut, sunflower , safflower . The availability of cheap labour , Railway Junction in Solapur city and demand of oil these ar e r esponsible for development of oil industry . The pr esent paper studies the pr oblems and pr ospects of Agr o pr ocessing small scale industry in Solapur city with special oil industry

Now-a-days, business or ganizations ar e giving mor e importance to human r esour ces as they ar e the sour ces of competitive advantage. T o survive and excel in the competitive envir onment, human r esour ces ar e of crucial importance. The effective performance of human r esour ces to a gr eater extent depends upon HRD climate that pr evails in the or ganization. Employees' expectations and demands ar e changing and the or ganisations have to r espond to meet their expectations and pr ovide elite experience to them by pr oviding them good developmental envir onment. The main objective of the study is to determine the r elationship between HRD climate and or ganizational commitment. The data was collected using a structur ed questionnair e based on Likert rating scale. The data was analyzed using statistical tools such as corr elation and ANOV A. The r esults have shown that HRD climate has significant impact on or ganizational commitment

A doctor in the course of r endition of medical service to his patient shall comply with certain legal r equir ements. Accor dingly he shall obtain the consent of a patient and the consent so obtained must be an informed one. He shall exer cise r easonable car e and skill in r endering his pr ofessional s ervices. Any lapse on his part in this r egar d invites liability in the form of tr espass for non-consensual tr eatment and tortious or contractual liability for medical negligence and failur e to obtain an informed consent. In the above contemplated cir cumstances, a doctor attracts liability for deficiency in service under the Consumer Pr otection Act, subject to the conditions contemplated ther e in. A patient, if successful in pr oving medical negligence on the part of a doctor is entitled for compensation which has its own economic ramification both on the doctor as well as the patient. In this article, an attempt is made to critically analyse the concept of medical negligence fr om the legal and economic perspective

This Paper on decadal Population Distraction and gr owth in Jalna District of Maharashtra the course of Population Change for the period 1991-201 1 has been traced In this attend mor e detailed information on Population Change and its measur e meant is pr esented the discussion is based on the change of Population in size as obtained fr om the census data and it is assumed that the figur es at two points of time ar e comparable

Recall the face of the poor est and the weakest man(woman) whom you may have seen, and ask yourself, if the step you contemplate is going to be of any use to him(her). W ill he (she) gain anything by it? W ill it r estor e him (her) to a contr ol over his (her) own life and destiny? In other wor ds, will it lead to swaraj (fr eedom) for the hungry and spiritually starving millions?

'A Quality Cir cle is volunteer gr oup composed of members who meet to talk about workplace and service impr ovements and make pr esentations to their management with their ideas. These ar e r elated especially to the quality of output or services in or der to impr ove the performance of the or ganization / department and motivate and enrich the work of employees. This gr oup carries on continuously as a part of or ganization-wide contr ol activities, self and mutual developments and contr ol and impr ovement within the workplace utilizing quality contr ol techniques with all the members participating

Guru Nanak and his successor Sikh Gurus established the institution of Sangat with view to pr ovide a platform to society for collective salvation and cooperative endeavor to r estructur e the obsolete socio-r eligious traditions and institutions. The Sangat sow the seeds of civil society in an age when mankind was sharply fragmented on the basis of caste, cr eed, race, color etc. Sangat educate, motivate and train an individual to live truthfully and to seek the mer ger with Infinite Reality (God). Sangat transforms the vision and way of life of human beings and enable them to be saint- soldier and seeker of Ultimate T ruth in the companionship of r ealized and divinely inspir ed souls.

Internet has now become a basic need of our day to day life. People these days prefer to stay in touch with phones and internet all the time. The mobile phone world is also changed now-a-days. The demand of phones with internet facility is much more as compared to simple ones. People while sleeping/ wakening up, and even during midnight do not for get to check their calls, emails,face book account etc. Now in most of the of fices, the work is getting done by using computers and internet. People are so dependent on internet that at any how they find time to use it for personal purpose.Employees prefer to finish their personal work, which is computer based in of fice so that at they canget time to spend with their family at home.

The pr esent r esear ch paper is an attempt to study the attitude of school teachers towar ds school envir onment of Chennai district. The sample comprised of 250 teachers, teaching in differ ent schools affiliated to CBSE, State boar d and Matriculation boar d of study . Normative survey method was applied and null hypothesis was framed. R. Prasad's (2006) school envir onment inventory was used to collect data fr om school teachers. The data wer e analyzed using SPSS softwar e. Results r evealed that ther e ar e significant differ ences among teachers' with r espect to their qualification, type of school, boar d of affiliation, designation and locality .

Livelihoods is an aggregate measure of how people or a given population ( as small as a household of a single person) make their living within the limit imposed by the environmental, social, economic and political conditions of the society within which they live. This determines the totality of human welfare of a household at the micro level, and a community, a region or a nation at macro level. Livelihood pattern of a population varies along with the variation in above mentioned variables.

Gender equality is enshrined in the Indian Constitution. As such, the Government initiated women empowerment pr ogrammes to develop women. Many of the legislations wer e passed to safeguar d the inter ests of women. Further , many of the social welfar e schemes wer e formulated by the government, for the socio-economic empowerment of women. Reservations ar e given to women in Panchayat Raj Institutions as a measur e of political empowerment of women. The paper discussed differ ent facets of women empowerment

Many of the studies wer e made on the general health pr oblems of women fr om birth till death. But, none of these studies wer e focused the health pr oblems of working women. The pr esent paper looked into the statistics of health pr oblems faced by working women in India. It is noted that due to the lack of time, working women ar e not giving much attention to their health. As such, they ar e suffering fr om health pr oblems such as psychological distr ess, mental tension, anxiety , r ole conflict, anemia, negligence in r epr oductive health, etc. This may pr ove danger ous for the working women. Hence, ther e is need for working women to give much attention to their health car e and it is also suggested to the policy makers to look into the health pr oblems of the working women

Ther e is gender inequality in education, health, nutrition, etc. The pr esent paper focused on the female inequality in higher education. The statistics r elated to the enr olment of male and female students at differ ent higher education courses ar e analyzed. It has found that ther e is mar ginal disparity between higher education of males and females. Hence, it is suggested to pr ovide scholarships and fellowships to the female students, so as to get higher education.

Ther e is gender inequality in education, health, nutrition, etc. The pr esent paper focused on the female inequality in higher education. The statistics r elated to the enr olment of male and female students at differ ent higher education courses ar e analyzed. It has found that ther e is mar ginal disparity between higher education of males and females. Hence, it is suggested to pr ovide scholarships and fellowships to the female students, so as to get higher education.

The pr esent paper is an attempt to delineate the agricultural r egion. The Malda district has a gr eat variety of cr opping pattern. The physical and non physical parameters have an impact on agricultural pattern. The distribution pattern of eight pr edominant cr ops of the district has been analyzed with a composite cr op concentration scenario. The analysis has been made on the basis of block wise average data for the period 2001-05

Guru Nanak, a divinely inspir ed soul, laid the foundation of Sikhism at the critical junctur e in the 15th century when Medieval Indian society was suffering fr om ill effects of r eligious intolerance, empty ritualism, social inequalities, casteism, untouchbility etc. Sikh vision of an ideal, fair and equitable society stems fr om the ur ge for r emoving the social injustices and to ensur e the individual fr eedom and equal opportunities to all to access the appr opriate living conditions irr espective of their caste, cr eed, color , sex etc. Guru Nanak and his successor Sikh Gurus raised the str ong voice against pr evailing social evils. They envisaged a model of an ideal society which is based on spirit of r espect for human dignity , human rights, abolition of social and gender discriminations. Sikh socio-r eligious institutions translate the ideal of liberty , equality and fraternity in letter and spirit. Sikh ideal society is an egalitarian and democratic in spirit, multicultural and plural in natur e; and just, fr ee and equitable in application. Sikh vision of an ideal society has adequate potential to r esolve the contemporary social dilemmas arising out of ethnic and r eligious diversities

Guru Nanak, a divinely inspir ed soul, laid the foundation of Sikhism at the critical junctur e in the 15th century when Medieval Indian society was suffering fr om ill effects of r eligious intolerance, empty ritualism, social inequalities, casteism, untouchbility etc. Sikh vision of an ideal, fair and equitable society stems fr om the ur ge for r emoving the social injustices and to ensur e the individual fr eedom and equal opportunities to all to access the appr opriate living conditions irr espective of their caste, cr eed, color , sex etc. Guru Nanak and his successor Sikh Gurus raised the str ong voice against pr evailing social evils. They envisaged a model of an ideal society which is based on spirit of r espect for human dignity , human rights, abolition of social and gender discriminations. Sikh socio-r eligious institutions translate the ideal of liberty , equality and fraternity in letter and spirit. Sikh ideal society is an egalitarian and democratic in spirit, multicultural and plural in natur e; and just, fr ee and equitable in application. Sikh vision of an ideal society has adequate potential to r esolve the contemporary social dilemmas arising out of ethnic and r eligious diversities

The aim of this paper is to encourage and assist individuals and institutions which work to promote and protect human rights to engage with corruption issues and collaborate more closely with anti-corruption organizations. It may also assist those who combat corruption to recognize the value of human rights to their work and the advantages of closer collaboration with human rights organizations. The paper may help to raise awareness among key stakeholders and the public of the links between corruption and human rights, thereby diminishing public tolerance of corruption and strengthening public support for anticorruption measures. The paper already set itself a demanding objective when it sought to clarify the formal links between violations of rights and acts of corruption by state officials. Extending the analysis to cover the subject of private corruption would have made the work extremely complicated to complete. This is therefore not a scholarly treatise but a paper written mainly for human rights specialists and organizations who want to know how they might effectively address corruption and the harm it causes.

The ovariuterus of H. xanthopus consists of thr ee longitudinal tubes; inter connected by four transverse tubes. The ovariuterus is lined by outer layer of irr egularly polygonal cells and the inner germinal epithelium layer with long and thin columnar cells. H. xanthopus is katoikogenic scorpion, the oocyte develop in specialized diverticulum that branch fr om the female ovariuterus. During development, specialized feeding apparatus called 'bottle and teat' appear between the stomodeum of embryo and hepatopancr eas of the mother . It helps the embryo to absorb maternal nutrients. The gestation period of H. xanthopus is June to April (about 1 1 months)

n this pr esent investigation, biosurfactant was pr oduced by Pseudomonas fluor escens MFS03 isolated fr om mangr ove for est soil using gr oundnut oil cake as substrate. Characterization of the biosurfactant r evealed that, it is a glycolipid with chemical composition of carbohydrate (0.868 mg/ml) and lipid (1.912 mg/ml). Based on the TLC analysis, carbohydrate and lipid with an Rf value of 0.72 wer e separated and it was partially identified as r hamnolipid. In FT -IR spectral analysis, important absorption bands at 3466.24, 2926.45, 1743.47, 1407.30 and 1 162.26 cm-1 indicates the chemical structur e is identical to those of r hamnolipids. Biosurfactant was used for the cleanup of insecticide r esidues in the spinach varieties Amaranthus tricolor . L generally called as Arakkeerai or Killukeerai. The experiment was carried out under in-vitr o conditions. Among the differ ent washing solution (Salt, vinegar KMnO4 and biosurfactant) used for the r eduction of pesticide r esidues, biosurfactant solution shows higher r eduction. However the amount of biosurfactant and the contact times shows significant r ole in r educing cypermethrin r esidues in spinach. Cypermethrin solution with 100ppm concentration was r educed to below 2 ppm, which is safe level using 25 ppm of biosurfactant solution for 5 minutes. The incr ease in amount of biosurfactant concentration shows decr ease in contact time in r educing cypermethrin r esidues. Fr om this study we concluded that pr oduction of biosurfactant using gr oundnut oil cake is economically low-cost medium and eco-friendly and it can be used as an effective agent to clean up pesticide r esidues in vegetables and leafy vegetables.

The purpose of this study was to do Purification of the Glutaminase enzyme pr oduced fr om fr ee cells of Erwinia species at flask level. Glutaminase can be isolated fr om a number of sour ces such as plants, animals and micr oor ganisms. Glutaminase is an important enzyme that serves many functions. It plays a key r ole in the ener gy and nitr ogen metabolism of mammalian cells. Glutaminase is very important food enzyme used in food industries for flavor enhancement. Glutaminase, in combination with or as an alternative to asparaginase could be of gr eat significance in enzyme therapy for cancer especially acute lymphocytic leukemia. Glutaminase enzyme was pr oduced fr om fr ee cells of Erwinia under optimized conditions such as T emperatur e, pH, T ime, Inducer concentrations etc. After pr oduction of Glutaminase enzyme, Partial purification of enzyme was done with Ammonium Sulphate pr ecipitation method. After isolation, the Glutaminase enzyme was purified with Gel filtration Chr omatography & Ion Exchange chr omatography . After purification by both methods, Purified samples wer e analyzed for enzyme activity & pr otein content. Enzyme activity was determined by Nessler's method & pr otein content was determined by Bradfor d method. It was found that after purification of crude sample by both methods, Gel Filtration chr omatography shows maximum enzyme activity and specific activity than the samples purified with Ion Exchange Chr omatography . Also %age r ecovery (97.59%) & purification fold (1.70) obtained was found maximum fr om the samples purified with Gel Filtration Chr omatography . Fr om above r esults it was concluded that Gel filtration method is Better method for the purification of Glutaminase enzyme than Ion exchange Chr omatography

The pr esent study was undertaken to investigate personality characteristics among athlete and non-athlete. For the pr esent study 200 Sample wer e selected fr om Aurangabad town. The effective sample consisted of 200 subjects, out of whom 100 Athlete (Short distance runners, t hr owers Short put, Javelin, Javelin thr ower , and Disk thr owers) and 100 non-Athlete (Football players, Cricket players, and V olleyball Players). The purpose of the study was to examine the personality characteristics among athlete and non-athlete.. Hypothesis of the study is Athlete have significantly high personality Characteristics than the non-Athlete. NEOPI test by Paul T . Costa, Jr ., Ph.D. & Robert R. McCrae, Ph.D. 1989, 1992 was used the study . Conclusions 1. Athletes have significantly high openness than the non-athlete. 2. Athletes have significantly high Conscientiousness than the non-athlete. 3. Athletes have significantly high Extraversion than the non-athlete. 4. Athletes have significantly high Agr eeableness than the non- athlete. 5. Non- Athletes have significantly high Neur oticism than the athlete

Advanced flywheels ar e very effective and advantageous ener gy storage systems. For exchanging the ener gy a Permanent magnet synchr onous machine (to work as motor/generator) is coupled to it. The motor/generator draws power pr ovided by the grid to accelerate it up to the r equir ed speed. The frictionless system keeps the r otor of the flywheel spinning for a long period.. The flywheel get decelerate for the differ ent load condition is obtained in the MA TLAB Softwar e. Flywheel operates in char ging mode as positive tor que is applied and in dischar ging mode as negative tor que is applied

In India, differ ent definitions of disability conditions have been intr oduced for various purposes, essentially following the medical model and, as such, they have been based on various criteria of ascertaining abnormality or pathologic conditions of persons. In absence of a conceptual framework based on the social model in the Indian context, no standar dization for evaluating disability acr oss methods has been achieved. In common parlance, differ ent terms such as disabled, handicapped, crippled, physically challenged, ar e used inter -changeably , indicating noticeably the emphasis on pathologic conditions. The paper collected secondary sour ces and analysis the causes, types of physical changes and legal pr otection

The history of the pr esent fort at Bidar is attributed to the Sultan Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah the first sultan of the Bahmani dynasty to 1427 when he shifted his capital fr om Gulbar ga to Bidar since it had better climatic conditions and was also a fertile and fruit bearing land. Earliest r ecor ded history of its existence as a small and str ong fort is also traced to the first Muslim invasion of the r egion is traced to Prince Ulugh Khan in 1322, wher eafter it came under the r eign of the T ughlaq dynasty .1 W ith the establishment of the Bahmani dyanasty (1347), Bidar was occupied by Sultan Alla-Ud-Din Bahman Shah Bahmani. During the rule of Ahmad Shah I (1422–1486), Bidar was made the 1 capital city of Bahmani Kingdom. have a mass appeal

The Child's is father of the man", says W or dsworth". What he obviously means is that the pr oductiveness of an adult depends on the opportunities he has had to gr ow and develop as a child. Indira Gandhi says, "Childr en ar e a r eminder that man is immortal although men may be mortal. A nation r ealizes its potentialities thr ough childr en and is judged by what it does for childr en". Accor ding to Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India, "Our childr en ar e most important r esour ce and deserve all possible investment for their development"

This study is intended to gain knowledge about Job Satisfaction and Mental Health of 600 Male and Female teachers working in government and private aided primary schools of Belgaum and Dharwad districts of Karnataka State. The Job Satisfaction and Mental Health Scales wer e administer ed on the selected sample to know their level of Job Satisfaction and Mental Health. Statistical 't' test and corr elation was applied to analyse the data. It was found that ther e is no significant differ ence in the Job Satisfaction of male and female teachers. It was also found that ther e is no significant differ ence in the Mental Health of teachers. Ther e is a significant and positive corr elation found in Job Satisfaction and Mental Health of teachers.

Sustainable enlar gement can best be achieved by permitting markets to work within an appr opriate framework of cost efficient r egulations and economic instruments. One of the major economic agents influencing overall industrial activity and economic gr owth is the financial institutions such as banking sector . In a globalised economy , the industries and firms ar e vulnerable to stringent envir onmental policies, sever e law suits or consumer boycotts. Since banking sector is one of the major stake holders in the Industrial sector , it can find itself faced with cr edit risk and liability risks. Further , envir onmental impact might affect the quality of assets and also rate of r eturn of banks in the long-run. Thus the banks should go gr een and play a pr o-active r ole to take envir onmental and ecological aspects as part of their lending principle, which would for ce industries to go for mandated investment for envir onmental management, use of appr opriate technologies and management systems. This paper explor es the importance of Gr een Banking, sites international experiences and highlights important lessons for sustainable banking and development in India. However , we find that ther e has not been much initiative in this r egar d by the banks and other financial institutions in India though they play an active r ole in India's emer ging economy . Ther efor e, we suggest possible policy measur es and initiative to pr omote gr een banking in India.

This paper is r elated with the disturbed psyche of Nanda Kaul in the novel 'Fir e on the Mountain'. It is the exploration of the deep r ecesses of human psyche going beyond the skin into the constant struggles raging the soul of Nanda Kaul at the conscious and sub-conscious level and describing the atmospher e of the mind. It also explor es the inner emotional world of Nanda, Ila and Raka-the world is totally disturbed world wher e Nanda is an old widow leading a segr egated life like a r ecluse in a segr egated hill hut, Raka-a shy and lovely school girl by natur e and instincts and Ila Das is suffer ed at the hands of cruel world ar ound her wher e she is no mor e. The pr esent paper focuses on disturbed psyche of Nanda Kaul though she is linking with Ila Das and Raka who is grand-daughter of Nanda in 'Fir e on the Mountain

The rapid gr owth and development in Darjeeling hills was primarily thr ough the intr oduction of tea industry in the hills. By the middle of the nineteenth century tea industry had become the major economic activity in Darjeeling. Intact the tea industry exerted a deep influence upon the gr owth and development of the hill city . The first such influence was found in the impr ovement of transport system. Initially the industry was almost entir ely in the hands of Eur opeans. The rapid gr owth of tea industry in Darjeeling hills generated a huge demand of labour for ce and this could not be supplied by the local inhabitants that ar e why the Britishers wer e compelled to invite the outsiders. People of Nepal wer e pr eferr ed instead of Indian T ribes and Indian plainsmen because of their similarities with the local hill people. Actually they wer e found to be born cultivators r esour ceful and har dworking. The migration has played a vital r ole in the population incr ease in Darjeeling hill ar ea. Naturally it has a pr onounce effect on the Urbanization of the r egion .every year a lar ge number of people migrated fr om Nepal. Darjeeling hills ar e the major r ecipient of these people. The rapid incr ease of population in the hill made a r eal urbanization in Darjeeling fr om quantitative point of view

Even befor e venturing into the contemporary evaluation of the entir e Khadi industry ther e is a need to look at the 'foundation philosophy' on which the entir e edifice of the Khadi industry was built. What ar e its historical r oots, r ole in shaping the Indian rural employment policy and its r elevance today? T o what extent did the ideology actually got implemented? Does it have any contemporary r elevance? Thesear e some of pr ominent questions that keep arising when one ventur es to understand the Khadi industry; the very name of which connotes a novel aura with historical and ideological significance embedded in it. Though ther e ar e many views expr essed by Gandhiji to tackle differ ent pr oblems in India, her e in this chapter we look at only his philosophy and views r elated to Rural Development (Gram-Swaraj)

Whatever the school of thought, whether oriental or accidental the aim of every spa is to bring about complete wellness experience for the guests. W ellness comes fr om inside out; hence no spa experience is complete without healing foods. Foods at spa must complement the cleansing tr eatments administer ed to the body for them to be fully effective. This is wher e the dietician and chef come into pictur e. While the dietician will r ecommend the foods suitable for individual, it is the chef who will finally put it on the table. And because health foods ar e notorious for being unpalatable, it falls upon the chef to pr esent healthy food in a manner that becomes pleasurable gastr onomic experience

Many or ganizations r egar d mer gers & acquisitions as a strategic tool for incr easing pr ofitability , gaining market shar e and developing syner gies. Fr om banking to softwar e , insurance to technology , companies have started entering into mer gers & acquisitions to become market leaders in their r espective industries. This paper discusses about the legal and accounting aspects of mer gers and acquisitions. Many mer gers fail because of lack of accounting information and knowledge

The wor d 'Gazetteer' comes fr om the Latin term 'Gazeta' which means a small coin or the cost of an early news sheet. In earlier days, it was used in narr ow sense. But today this wor d has a br oader meaning. After geographical discoveries various attempts to pr epar e Gazetteers of various r egions. As a r esult of establishment of imperialism and colonialism, pr eparation of Gazetteers began. In the same way the British who came to India to establish their Supr emacy became inter ested in the study of the r egions of India which came under their rule. Mainly ther e was self inter est in this matter . Ther e was a plan by the British to establish their colonial subjugation and political hegemony over the r egions thr ough a study and acquaintance

The economic pr osperity and social well being of a country lar gely depends both dir ectly or indir ectly on its water r esour ces. Fr om time immemorial the pictur esque state of Jammu and Kashmir is known all over the world for its economic pr osperity . What makes Jammu and Kashmir so special? Many things, but especially its water r esour ces such as snow capped mountains, crisscr ossed by rivers and studded with lakes, springs, canals which originate fr om this state of India. Like other states of India, the r ole of water r esour ces of Jammu and Kashmir ar e very important for the development of many sectors of Indian economy like agricultur e, hydr oelectricity , food, construction, transport, minerals, industry etc

W ater is the main limiting factor in agricultural pr oducts. Occurr ence of dr ought phenomenon in r ecent years makes the need to car eful planning for efficient use of existing water r esour ces in agricultural consumptions essential. The aim of this study was to determine the technical and economical optimal level of water use in agricultur e sect or . Requ ir ed stat isti cs and data wer e coll ecte d thr ough comp leti ng 155 questionnair es by farmers under coverage of traditional irrigation system in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer -Ahmad pr ovince using the simple random sampling method fr om the tables r elevant to all beneficiaries of the traditional irrigation system of the district water or ganization r elated to counties of Boyer -Ahmad, Gachsaran and Dehdasht in the year 2009/2010. Demand functions for selected pr oducts wer e extracted by pr ofits maximizing method using quadratic pr oduction function. The r esults of the study showed that technical optimum level of water use in farms of wheat, barley and canola, r espectively , wer e as 6786, 4839 and 8277.31 cubic meters that these volumes of water ar e necessary for maximizing the pr oduction rate of each of these pr oducts. Economically optimal amount of water to maximize the pr oducers’ pr ofits of wheat, barley and canola, r espectively , wer e as 6718.706, 4808.73, and 8277.14 cubic meters of water; meaning, this amount of water is r equir ed to maximize the pr ofits of the pr oducers of mentioned cr ops. Comparing the technical and economic optimum levels of water use on selected farms showed that the two values ar e very close together . The closeness of technical and economic optimum levels of water use is due to the very low price of water .

Advertisement is a communication whose purpose is to inform potential customers about pr oducts and services and how to use and obtain them. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages including: television, radio, movies, magazines, newspapers and internet. It is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company . Advertisements influence our lives in many unsuspecting ways because of rapid changes in the macr o envir onment. These days advertising is r egar ded as a paid form of non-personal pr esentation of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor testing or evaluation of advertising effectiveness r efers to the managerial exer cise aimed at r elating the advertising r esults to the established standar ds of performance and objectives so as to assess the r eal value of the advertising performance

he telecom network in India is the fifth lar gest network in the world meeting up with global standar ds. Pr esently , the Indian telecom industry is curr ently slated to an estimated contribution of nearly 1% to India's GDP . The Indian T elecommunications network with 1 10.01 million connections is the fifth lar gest in the world and the second lar gest among the emer ging economies of Asia. T oday , it is the fastest gr owing market in the world and r epr esents unique opportunities for U.S. companies in the stagnant global scenario. The total subscriber base, which has gr own by 40% in 2005, is expected to r each 250 million in 2007. Accor ding to Br oadband Policy 2004, Government of India aims at 9 million br oadband connections and 18 million internet connections by 2007. The wir eless subscriber base has jumped fr om 33.69 million in 2004 to 62.57 million in FY2004- 2005. In the last 3 years, two out of every thr ee new telephone subscribers wer e wir eless subscribers. Consequently , wir eless now accounts for 54.6% of the total telephone subscriber base, as compar ed to only 40% in 2003. W ir eless subscriber gr owth is expected to bypass 2.5 million new subscribers per month by 2007. The wir eless technologies curr ently in use ar e Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). Ther e ar e primarily 9 GSM and 5 CDMA operators pr oviding mobile services in 19 telecom cir cles and 4 metr o cities, covering 2000 towns acr oss the country

A galaxy of social r eformers and a few r eform minded elites emer ged in the Nineteenth Century to r emove societal obstacles that stood in the way of women's emancipation and development. Of all the r eformers, Periyar E.V .Ramasamy (E.V .R.) alone attacked for the first time, the ideological basis of the "enslavement of women" in society thr ough his Journals Periyar consider ed his journals ar e powerful vehicles to spr ead his message to the T amil Society . In 1925, he started a journal, Kudi Arasu, (People's Rule), which was followed in 1928 by Revolt. Then he started a T amil journal Puratchi. It was then r eplaced by Pagtharivu, (Rationalism) on 26 August 1934.. He made constant and quick substitutions of each banned journal. It illustrated his importance to printed media because the journals r egularly carried his social and political r eform ideas to the nook and corner of T amil Nadu. As a matter of fact, till the end of his active public life, E.V .R. continued the floating of new pr opaganda journals. He started Unmai (T ruth) in 1970 and Modern Rationalist in 1971, both when he was extr emely old. In all his journals, Periyar paid much attention to t he emanciapation of woemen and elevation of the Depr essed Classes

Political scientists and administrative thinkers ar e unanimously agr eed on the fact that extensive public participation in politics and administration is essential. Citizen participation may be used both for support by an agency and as a contr ol device by the law makers. Participation has both a br oad and a narr ow connotation. In a br oad sense, it implies giving every citizen an opportunity to actively participate in administrative work. In a narr ow sense, participation would r efer to a specific action by which the citizen r egisters his involvement in public affairs to achieve a particular objective. Citizens' participation in administration may be in many ways: that is, participation in policy formulation and pr ogramme planning, implementation of policies and pr ogrammes, and involvement in the pr ocesses of administration. Citizen participation demands certain pr econditions, that is, enlightened political leaders, integrity and honesty of civil servants and well-informed and cooperative general public.

The stagnant oil consumption, rising speculative investments and the consequent rise in oil prices are a matter of concern. Is oil shock round the corner? The abrupt rise in oil prices in the past can be attributed to supply crisis caused by politics, wher eas curr ent oil price rally is mor e a "investment crisis". Though the supply constraints still exist due to changing political scenario globally , the oil demand i s out pacing the supply . Eventually , t he rising oil prices have occupied the top position in the list of major impediments to the global economy

The Indian textile industry is one of the lar gest in the world with a massive raw material and textiles manufacturing base. About 27% of the for eign exchange earnings ar e on account of export of textiles and clothing alone. The textiles and clothing sector contributes about 14% to the industrial pr oduction and 3% to the Gr oss Domestic Pr oduct (GDP) of the country . Ar ound 8% of the total Excise Revenue collection is contributed by the textile industry . The power looms and mills ar e able to go for mass pr oduction with better quality pr oducts. In the advent of globalization, the government of India as part of its modernization efforts has to decide to induct about 50,000 shuttles looms and upgrade 2.5 lakhs looms into automatic and semi- automatic powerlooms and make it cost effective. A major portion of the output fr om Indian composite textile mills, particularly fabrics, was exported until the early 1960's. The investment outlook in the textile industry started changing following the textile policy of 1985 and the consequent pr ocess of LPG. The weakening of the Indian rupee since 1990 and the drastic changes r esulting in r elative domestic and world prices that it effectuated incr eased export inter est in textiles as r eflected by an incr ease in the 100% export-oriented cotton spinning mills

The pr esent paper explained about the techniques that have developed in Information Communication T echnology and also described the applications of these techniques to libraries and information centr es. The library pr ofessionals ar e in the state of confusion r egar ding the use and application of these technologies to their libraries. They need knowledge and skills so as to apply these techniques to their libraries. For this purpose, the paper listed differ ent ar eas and techniques such as Library Automation, Computer Softwar e, Computer networking, Information collection, storage and r etrieval in digital format, V irtual T echnology , electr onic information services etc in which the pr esent library pr ofessionals need training. The paper concluded with the emphasis to train the library pr ofessionals using appr opriate methods depending the extent of use of ICT in their libraries.