Climate change is recognized both as a threat and challenge. The impact of human activities on climate and climate system is unequivocal. Climate has significant role in economic development of any country. The use of fossil fuel is the primary source of CO or greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases 2 trapped heat and make planet warmer. The majority of greenhouse gas emissions from transportation are CO emission resulting from the combustion of petroleum base products like gasoline. In IC Engine over 2 the 90% of fuel utilized gasoline and diesel. The IC engine is one of the main sources to increase source of air pollution across the world. However IC engine are not perfectly efficient machine, so some of fuel is not burn inside the cylinder which produce exhaust emission, which are there major contribution to environmental pollution. Primary greenhouse gases – CO , CH , NO & all criteria pollutants – CO, Nitrogen Oxide, Sulfur 2 4 X Dioxide, Non Methane volatile organic compounds and particulate matter are major components. Noise and odor pollution is also created by IC Engine. Now a day more researches focus on protecting the environment. There is a something new technology are being developed to serve the growing energy needs of the transportation sector without the environmental impacts observed with conventional technologies. In other words, where emissions of carbon are severally contained, hydrogen gas (HHO) or green gas powered vehicles may be the best alternative for meeting society needs. Hydrogen gas otherwise known as hydrogen or green gas produced from splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen electrolysis process and allowing the gas used as a supplementary fuel (premixed state), to intake charge of single cylinder four stroke IC engine without any modification and need for storage tanks. Because of its clean burning characteristics, green gas injection (mixed) along with predefined air which shows very advantageous and alternative results of both performance and emission point of view.

number of analytical and numerical techniques are available for the two dimensional study of stress concentration around the hole(s) and notches in isotropic and orthotropic plates subjected to inplane or transverse loading conditions. The influence of the structural dimension D/A (where D is hole diameter and A is plate width) ratio upon stress concentration factor for different cases is studied in the present work but plate with center hole is created and adjacent small holes created but diameter is varied and distance between one hole to another is also varied so finally study the stress concentration around the holes using ANSYS software. work is to investigates how part geometry can influence the maximum stress found at critical points for a rectangular plate with a large hole in the center and changing the adjacent small hole diameters to see the effects on the magnitude of the maximum stress and understand how this influences the stress concentration factor. The symmetry of this condition will be used to make the analysis simpler by dividing the part into quarters and finally estimating the fatigue life of the plate with varied parameters.

Bank Deposits are the important parameters towards the success of bank functioning. Bank Deposits accessibility by lower income people is also a part of financial inclusion. In urban areas there is quite a good awareness among the population regarding bank deposits schemes and its advantages as a good saving option. The same is not in the rural areas were the awareness of various bank deposit schemes and its advantages is still very low compared to urban areas.

Green marketing is a phenomenon which has developed particular import in the modern market. This concept has enabled for the re-marketing and packing of existing products which already adhere to such guidelines. Additionally, the development of green marketing has opened the door of opportunity for companies to co-brand their products into separate line, lauding the green-friendliness of some while ignoring that of others. Such marketing techniques as will be explained are as a direct result of movement in the minds of the consumer market. As a result of this businesses have increased their rate of targeting consumers who are concerned about the environment. These same consumers through their concern are interested in integrating environmental issues into their purchasing decisions through their incorporation into the process and content of the marketing strategy for whatever product may be required.

In many groundwater assessment studies, evaluation of the quality of groundwater is as important as the quantity. Industrialization brings out the abundant problems of waste disposal. The effluent discharged from industries like textile mills, distilleries, fertilizer factories, sugar factories, tanneries, mineral and metal processing industries etc. Many metals ions are released into environment as a result of anthropogenic activities. Whenever the rate of release exceeds the natural cycle, contamination or adverse effect of the ecosystem may result. Analyses of heavy metals such as Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Fluoride (F) were carried out in the present work. The present work was undertaken for the study of Impact of chemical industries on water quality of Ahmednagar industrial area of Ahmednagar district which include well inventory survey, geological and hydrological survey, sampling and collection of ground water for analysis of heavy metal contents.

Investor protection is one of the most important elements of a thriving securities market or other financial investment institution. Investor protection focuses on making sure that investors are fully informed about their purchases, transactions, affairs of the company that they have invested in and the like. SEBI had issued guidelines for the protection of the investors through the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Disclosure and Investor Protection) Guidelines, 2000. Financial markets have an important relationship with economic development. Regulation has been acknowledged to enable the orderly functioning of the securities market. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulator charged with the orderly functioning of the securities market in India, protect the interests of investors and ensure development of the securities market. The primary objective of SEBI is to promote healthy and orderly growth of the securities market and secure investor protection. The Central Government has power to issue directions to SEBI board, Supersede the board and to call for returns and reports when necessary. The paper is an attempt to examine a role of SEB, protection of investor in security market, investor awareness campaign, and for critical appraisal of investor protection measures by SEBI

Investor protection is one of the most important elements of a thriving securities market or other financial investment institution. Investor protection focuses on making sure that investors are fully informed about their purchases, transactions, affairs of the company that they have invested in and the like. SEBI had issued guidelines for the protection of the investors through the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Disclosure and Investor Protection) Guidelines, 2000. Financial markets have an important relationship with economic development. Regulation has been acknowledged to enable the orderly functioning of the securities market. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulator charged with the orderly functioning of the securities market in India, protect the interests of investors and ensure development of the securities market. The primary objective of SEBI is to promote healthy and orderly growth of the securities market and secure investor protection. The Central Government has power to issue directions to SEBI board, Supersede the board and to call for returns and reports when necessary. The paper is an attempt to examine a role of SEB, protection of investor in security market, investor awareness campaign, and for critical appraisal of investor protection measures by SEBI

Investor protection is one of the most important elements of a thriving securities market or other financial investment institution. Investor protection focuses on making sure that investors are fully informed about their purchases, transactions, affairs of the company that they have invested in and the like. SEBI had issued guidelines for the protection of the investors through the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Disclosure and Investor Protection) Guidelines, 2000. Financial markets have an important relationship with economic development. Regulation has been acknowledged to enable the orderly functioning of the securities market. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulator charged with the orderly functioning of the securities market in India, protect the interests of investors and ensure development of the securities market. The primary objective of SEBI is to promote healthy and orderly growth of the securities market and secure investor protection. The Central Government has power to issue directions to SEBI board, Supersede the board and to call for returns and reports when necessary. The paper is an attempt to examine a role of SEB, protection of investor in security market, investor awareness campaign, and for critical appraisal of investor protection measures by SEBI

India's relationship with the United States has been the subject of debate and discussion. Despite being the world's largest democracy, India could never enjoy a smooth relationship with the world's oldest democracy-which means that sharing the same value system, will not act as a glue to hold states together in the international politics. Recently both the states, have changed their estranged 1 relationship into a good one, due to various agreements.

The point of any commercial organization is not just “to create a customer”, but to retain the customer. To achieve a competitive advantage, it has become necessary for organizations to differentiate themselves in the minds of customers as customers are the central focus of any organization. Therefore the mission of an organization should be to create, grow and nurture ongoing relationships with them by understanding them in terms of their very needs and requirements, perceptions and various factors influencing their behaviour. In order to retain customers, it is important for marketers to have in depth knowledge of what each individual customer wants and the capacity they have to continue to add value to the needs of the customer. The purpose of this study is descriptive in nature and aims to know the influencing factors behind the clients attending fitness centres in Visakhapatnam City. 100 members were asked several questions, 45 of whom opined physical exercise improves their health conditions and helps to stay away from diabetes., 23 stated it overcomes the problem of early ageing, 19 stated it develops their self-control, 13 found it as a way to gain status, The study would be helpful to different individuals interested to practice physical exercise, owners and trainers of fitness centres and also future researchers.

The present paper intends to analyse the rooftop rain water harvesting potential in the College campus. Building and campus of Dahiwadi College Dahiwadi located in Man tahsil of Satara district has been undertaken for the present investigation. Dahiwadi College is located in drought prone area; the average annual rainfall in the study area is hardly 500 mm. The proposed study is entirely based on primary and secondary data. Runoff Coefficient and Annual rainwater harvesting potential (ARHP) of the study region is estimated by using formula given by Pecey, Amold and Cullis, Adrian (1989). Dahiwadi College comprised with 6 acres of campus and 4410.6 sq. meter area of roof surface. Population of college is about 3209 including students, teaching and non-teaching staff and daily visitors. According to World Health Organization, it is assumed that average 2.5 liter daily water intakes per capita per day required. Analysis revealed that 8022 liter water required for per day for drinking. Rooftop rainwater harvesting estimated potential is above 16,00,000 liters. Thus, the Rooftop rain water harvesting would be a solution for domestic water sustainability of the college in some extent. Results obtained from the present study suggested that Rooftop rain water harvesting method is more applicable in college campus located in drought prone zones of Maharashtra which would enable to solve the problem of water scarcity upto certain extent.

-The study presents production of amylase by Aspergillus species in solid state fermentation using agro- industrial waste; wheat bran as a substrate. Attempt has been made to isolate Aspergillus species from native source i.e. spoiled fruits. Enzyme production was growth associated and maximum and minimum titres were obtained after 7 days of incubation at 27oC. Amylase production was also carried out by using liquid state fermentation. The maximum yield obtained by submerged fermentation and surface culture fermentation. Solid state fermentation was found to produce the highest amount of enzyme amylase as compared with liquid state fermentation.

-Employee engagement is a key business driver for organizational success. High levels of engagement in domestic and global firms promote retention of talent, foster customer loyalty and improve organizational performance and stakeholder value. A complex concept, engagement is influenced by many factors—from workplace culture, organizational communication and managerial styles to trust and respect, leadership and company reputation. For today's different generations, access to training and career opportunities, work/life balance and empowerment to make decisions are important. Thus, to foster a culture of engagement, HR leads the way to design, measure and evaluate proactive workplace policies and practices that help attract and retain talent with skills and competencies necessary for growth and sustainability. This paper focuses on building employee engagement through leadership and creativity

The present study has been conducted to find out the level of Job Satisfaction among the College Teachers of Professional Institution in Punjab and its relationship with their Turnover Intentions. Design/Methodology/Approach - To fulfill the objectives of the study, 258 College Teachers of Professional Institutions from representative 5 districts (i.e., Amritsar, Bathinda, Jalandhar, Patiala, Ropar) out of 22 districts of Punjab were selected to constitute the sample. Information from selected College Teachers was collected through a questionnaire. The data was further analysed by using statistical techniques. Findings - The College Teachers of Professional Institutions in Punjab were found to be approaching high degree of satisfaction. Moreover there are certain factors like Variety, Supervision, Ability utilization and Compensation etc., which significantly impact the Job Satisfaction level of College Teachers of Professional Institutions in Punjab. The study also found that the Turnover Intentions among college Teachers of Professional institutions are quite on high side and there is a significant negative correlation between overall Job Satisfaction level among College Teachers and their Turnover Intentions. Social/ Practical Implication – There are visible difference between the working of professional and non-professional institutions in Punjab. As Professional institutions are operating somewhat like private business houses so the study provides an insight into Job Satisfaction level of College Teachers of these institutions and explores its impact on their Turnover Intentions. The study will help in improving the satisfaction level of college teachers of these institutions and furthering the interest of the society.

An empirical study was conducted to understand organised nature of unorganised world of ragpicking. A sample of 200 ragpicker children in the age group of 8 to 14 years was selected from different areas of Jammu city. Results reveal that majority of the child ragpickers were as young as 8 to 10 years of age. They had mostly migrated from states namely Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to Jammu. It was found that 46% of the respondents were involved in ragpicking for less than 2 years. Majority (69%) of the rag pickers were observed to show preference for collection of all types of wastes (paper, plastic, metal and glass). On an average they gathered 3 to 6 kgs of rags and earned below Rs. 30 per day. Most (47.5%) ragpickers children did not show any preference of locality for picking waste and travelled on foot to collection destinations or through routes and carried bags of their collections on their backs. It was observed that junk dealers played an important role in motivation of children for their involvement in ragpicking. The findings highlight that children worked as ragpickers in more or less an organised manner and showed specific preferences in performing this activity.

For the period of freedom Struggle in the motherland, women were not staying at the back. The role of women in freedom struggle is extremely significant and they also participated in Indian struggle for Independence. The Women in the brigade were certain the similar preparation seeing that it was given to men also. Still their uniform was comparable to the men warriors. In keeping with this tradition, burden of tears and toils of the long years of struggle for India's freedom was borne by the wives, mothers, and daughters, silently and cheerfully. The programme of self-imposed poverty and periodical jail going was possible only because of the willing co-operation of the family women. In the various resistance movements in the villages, the illiterate women played this passive but contributory part as comrades of their men folk. This article reviews and analyses the role of Gandhi in drawing a large number of women into the mainstream of the freedom movement. Gandhi's ideas about women and their role in public life was a departure from those of the 19th century reformers. He saw women as a potential force in the struggle to build a new social order. He consciously attempted to articulate connections between private and public life in order to bring women into the struggle. Andin this papers discuss on Gandhiji's thought on Women uplitment, contribution of women in India and present Position of women in India etc, As well as discuss on Gandhiji's view of women participation in politics. After Gandhi which position of women in India also focus in this paper.

For the period of freedom Struggle in the motherland, women were not staying at the back. The role of women in freedom struggle is extremely significant and they also participated in Indian struggle for Independence. The Women in the brigade were certain the similar preparation seeing that it was given to men also. Still their uniform was comparable to the men warriors. In keeping with this tradition, burden of tears and toils of the long years of struggle for India's freedom was borne by the wives, mothers, and daughters, silently and cheerfully. The programme of self-imposed poverty and periodical jail going was possible only because of the willing co-operation of the family women. In the various resistance movements in the villages, the illiterate women played this passive but contributory part as comrades of their men folk. This article reviews and analyses the role of Gandhi in drawing a large number of women into the mainstream of the freedom movement. Gandhi's ideas about women and their role in public life was a departure from those of the 19th century reformers. He saw women as a potential force in the struggle to build a new social order. He consciously attempted to articulate connections between private and public life in order to bring women into the struggle. Andin this papers discuss on Gandhiji's thought on Women uplitment, contribution of women in India and present Position of women in India etc, As well as discuss on Gandhiji's view of women participation in politics. After Gandhi which position of women in India also focus in this paper.

Documented is a good practice conducted by Barshi Municipal Council (BMC), which effectively utilizes Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and septage for production of compost. Barshi is an 'A' class Municipal Council in Sholapur division of Maharashtra State, situated at a distance of about 71 km from Sholapur City on its northern side. Barshi town generates about 46 tons of solid waste on daily basis; while on annual basis averagely 200 septic tanks were cleaned by Urban Local Body (ULB). With rapid increasing population, Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) and septage management seems to be challenging issues for any civic administration. But Barshi Municipal Council is effectively handling both. The services related to collection of MSWM services of the Barshi have been contracted by ULB to Bharat Vikas Group, India from August 2010, but the treatment facility at Depot, is conducted by the BMC itself. It is a type of Public Private Partnership (PPP). At Depot, composting of collected MSW and septage is carried by ULB, which is auctioned on yearly basis, forming the source of revenue income for BMC. Some Geoinformatics maps based on Remote Sensing data are also made depicting necessitated phenomenon.

-In the present paper, an attempt has been made to study the detail morphometric characteristics of Mahesh River basin in Akola and Buldhana Districts, Maharashtra which itself is a tributary of the Man River basin in Akola and Buldhana districts, Maharashtra. For detailed study, we used SRTM (90m) resolution data for preparing digital elevation model (DEM), and geographical information system (GIS) was used in evaluation of linear, slope, areal and relief aspects of morphometric parameters. The combine outcomes have establishes the topographical and even recent developmental situations of the region. It will change the setup of the region also. It is therefore needs to analyse high level parameters of drainage and environment for suitable planning and management of water resource developmental plan and land resource development plan. The total area of Mahesh river basin is 328.25sq km. The Morphometric parameters of the stream have been analysed and calculated by applying standard methods and techniques viz. Horton, 1945; Miller,1953, Strahler, 1964. The results of primary levelled morphometric analysis have been correlated with soil and its physio-chemical characters the morphometric analysis of a Mahesh river basin indicates thedatabase is created using various techniques for the watershed management and the drainage and topographical map is created from Survey of India toposheets 1:50,000 scale and other parameter such as contour, slope-aspect, hilshade have been prepared using surface analysis tool in ArcGIS-10 software, and SRTM data (DEM). In this study different parameters such as drainage density, slope, relief, stream length ratio, superimposed profile, contour interval and longitudinal profiles have been calculated by using ArcGIS software. Authors have computed more than 85 morphometric parameters of all aspects. Based on all morphometric parameters analysis; that the erosional development of the area by the streams has progressed well beyond maturity and that lithology has had an influence in the drainage development. These studies are very useful for planning rainwater harvesting and watershed management.

The present study was taken up for Empowering Rural Adolescent girls and Young mothers with life skills to lead a Quality life and also to help women to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life. The sample consisted of 75 girls (12 – 19 yrs) and 75 young mothers (19+ yrs -25yrs) from 5 operational villages of Chevella Mandal, RR district. Checklist (developed by scientists from 9 State Agriculture Universities, All India Coordinated Research Project, Child development component), was used to find out the Life skills (5) of rural Adolescent girls and young mothers. Pre test results showed average scores of the selected sample in all the 5 areas ie Critical thinking; Creative thinking; Problem solving; Empathy; and Management of stress. Based on the results, training programmes were conducted for a period of 10 months, using effective methodologies for enhancing the Life skills of the sample. Post test results showed a positive impact, reflecting the effectiveness of the training programme. However compared to young mothers, rural girls scored better in all the five

“Destiny of India is being shaped in its classrooms.” - Kothari Commission (1964-66) Education is decisive determent of Economic and Social expansion. Investment in education amplifies the productivity in all sectors of the economy. Development of education depends on large numbers of factor including the human and physical resources. There is a general notion that condition of school's learning environment has an important impact on academic aspect of student. Schools plays major role in the society for Education, Economy, Environment, Formation of culture and Manpower to

Parents, neighbourhood and peers play a powerful predictor in the life of youth. They not only shape the personality, promote their education, career and family life but also prevent them from disruptive behaviours. The perceived social support system of parents, neighbourhood elders and peer group is measured in this descriptive study from the rural youth selected through systematic random sampling method. Parental and other adults and peer group support system are perceived at a higher level. It has been observed that younger the age; higher the perceived support to youth and support does not vary among the various religious groups but difference is found in caste. Higher the education higher the perceived parental and other adults support. The nuclear family and small family perceive better parental and family support. Only one third are getting high support from their neighbourhood adults. Majority of rural youth depend on their peer members for personal matters; but when it comes to money related consultancy they depend on parents. Similarly, majority of youth consult on risk behaviour such as drugs and alcohol with peer members than their father, mother, adults, leaders and educationist. Youth, for important and crucial issues; consult peers rather than parents and other adults, is observed as a gap. Better social structure, awareness and strengthen family relationship and for which the role of Government and NGO's are suggested.

Parents, neighbourhood and peers play a powerful predictor in the life of youth. They not only shape the personality, promote their education, career and family life but also prevent them from disruptive behaviours. The perceived social support system of parents, neighbourhood elders and peer group is measured in this descriptive study from the rural youth selected through systematic random sampling method. Parental and other adults and peer group support system are perceived at a higher level. It has been observed that younger the age; higher the perceived support to youth and support does not vary among the various religious groups but difference is found in caste. Higher the education higher the perceived parental and other adults support. The nuclear family and small family perceive better parental and family support. Only one third are getting high support from their neighbourhood adults. Majority of rural youth depend on their peer members for personal matters; but when it comes to money related consultancy they depend on parents. Similarly, majority of youth consult on risk behaviour such as drugs and alcohol with peer members than their father, mother, adults, leaders and educationist. Youth, for important and crucial issues; consult peers rather than parents and other adults, is observed as a gap. Better social structure, awareness and strengthen family relationship and for which the role of Government and NGO's are suggested.

overall objective of this study, was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and resilience with social adjustment in junior high school students. This descriptive cprrelation study in terms of the target, was applied. The population included all third year high school students of 1043 subjects in 1391-92. According to Korjsi and Morgan tables and by stratified random sampling of 285 individuals were selected in two categories based on gender (125 females, and 160 males). The data collection instrument was Abdollahzadeh spiritual intelligence questionnaire(1387). Social adjustment inventory Sinha and Sing(1993). The data analysis was applied to the mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum, frequency, tables and graphs in descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test, variance analysis and multiple regression in inferential statistics. The results of this research finding showed thet: 1- there is a spiritual intelligence significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and resilience. 2- there is positive and significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and Social adjustment. 3- there is a positive and significant relationship between resilience and Social adjustment. 4- social adaptability and resiliency in student in students the intellectual IQ is a acceptable. Keywords:spiritual intelligence – resilience social adjust

This article talks about what is plagiarism?, and indicates how one is able to find out that an individual's publication is plagiarised, and creates awareness as to why one should not indulge in dishonest practices. Thus we need to understand the rise in the need for a check on plagiarism to sustain the quality of publications in education, as plagiarism is an evil ethics that brings discord in a society if this dishonesty is not eradicated.

The place of Sri Sri Anirudhadeva, a great saint, in the history of Neo-Vaishnavism in Assam is unique. He is the Adyesvar (Primal Guru) of the Mayamara sect which created political upheaval in the 18th century Assam by overthrowing the mighty Ahoms temporarily and capturing power in the capital at Rangpur.

The present study aimed to investigate the awareness of classroom teachers towards special children. The sample of the present study constitute the private as well as government college and school teachers. The sample was 49 in number and was selected by random sampling procedure. The sample was collected with the help of a questionnaire containing 22 statements. Data analysis was done with the help of percentage. It was found that college teachers and also the private teachers showed better results, male teachers were unaware about the government provisions made for adult special children, aid provided to them, special training required for educating blind children. Overall result showed that college teachers scored higher than other teachers where as school teachers are in great need of it.

Computer Assisted instruction or Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) includes the use of computers to instruct academic skills and to promote communication and language development. It includes computer modeling and computer tutorials.CAI uses a combination of text, graphics, sound and video in enhancing the learning process. CAI programs use tutorials, drill and practice, simulation, and problem solving approaches to present topics, and they test the student's understanding. Typical CAI provides text or multimedia content, multiple-choice questions/problems, immediate feedback, notes on incorrect responses, summary of students' performance, exercises for practice, worksheets and tests, etc.

The purpose of the study is to understand the effect of inclusive education for persons with intellectual disabilities associated with cerebral palsy from successful journey of isolation to inclusion. This study investigated the pedagogy of including children with intellectual disabilities associated with cerebral palsy in inclusive education. This study was carried out on 3 children in the age group of 3 to 6 years who are getting services from special education school at Thakur Hari Prasad Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for the mentally handicapped, Hyderabad. The Functional Assessment Checklist for Programming (FACP) was used as an assessment tool to record for the progress of the children. Findings of the study revealed, that the students gained significant improvement in all areas viz., personal, social, academic, occupation, and recreation needed for inclusion. This shows that effectiveness of multidisciplinary intervention along with early childhood special educational inputs. This study shows that emphasis on special education in the formative years is very essential for children with intellectual disabilities associated with cerebral palsy to obtain inclusive education.

This study based on the texts of Theravada Buddhism and should follow and practice strictly to all. In general, to the ordinary people, the matrimonial is a vital important and cannot be avoided it. Concerning that the Buddha pointed out the duties in the Singalovada sutta and others his discourses for married life as well. If you follow and practice this guidance, peace and happiness will be welcome in the present and future.

As water distribution networks have been a part of the modern living, it is necessary to know the behavior of a water distribution network under different conditions. There are different methods of pipe network analysis but most of the methods are very complex and hence time consuming to find out the desired results manually. The Hardy Cross method is simple, easy to apply, and therefore, suitable for hand calculation. However, the Hardy Cross method converges slowly hence requires large number of iterations. The number of iterations increases enormously as the size of the network increases. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the source code for Hardy Cross method to balance the pipe network. The source code was developed in C#.NET which has many advantages over other languages such as Consistent Programming Model, Direct Support for Security, Simplified Development Efforts, Easy Application Deployment and Maintenance, .NET Framework and Languages and cross-language compatibility

Objective of the study was to search locus of control and self esteem among boys and girls college students. Hypothesis: Boys college students will be high Locus of Control (External Locus of Control) than girls' college's students. Second hypothesis: there will be significant difference between boys and girls college students on dimension self esteem. Sample: For the present study 80 Sample were belongings to Aurangabad, 80 college students was included among them 40 boys college students and 40 girls college students. The age range of subjects was 18-25 years. Tools: 1) Rotters Locus of Control (RLOC) by Dr Anand Kumar & Dr. S N Srivastava was used the study. 2) Self Esteem Inventory: this inventory developed and standardized by M S Prasad and G P Thakur. Result: Boys college students have significantly high Locus of Control (External Locus of Control) than girls' college's students. Second result: Boys college students have significantly high self esteem than the girls' college students.

Objective of the study was to search locus of control and self esteem among boys and girls college students. Hypothesis: Boys college students will be high Locus of Control (External Locus of Control) than girls' college's students. Second hypothesis: there will be significant difference between boys and girls college students on dimension self esteem. Sample: For the present study 80 Sample were belongings to Aurangabad, 80 college students was included among them 40 boys college students and 40 girls college students. The age range of subjects was 18-25 years. Tools: 1) Rotters Locus of Control (RLOC) by Dr Anand Kumar & Dr. S N Srivastava was used the study. 2) Self Esteem Inventory: this inventory developed and standardized by M S Prasad and G P Thakur. Result: Boys college students have significantly high Locus of Control (External Locus of Control) than girls' college's students. Second result: Boys college students have significantly high self esteem than the girls' college students.

The purpose of the present study was to Personalitsy Factors among student of the wards of army personnel & civilians in kamptee, Subjects of the VIII th and IXth standard of public and kendriya vidhalaya schools in Kamptee is found to be 465. For measuring the personslity factors of the students of VIIIth and IXth grade ,there are many standardized test available which are written by different authors.The 14 H.S.P.Q. ie 14 HIGH SCHOOL PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE by Cattle was selected for the present study.The sten scores obtained from the scoring of the 14 HSPQ test are subjected to computation for mean, standard deviation and critical ratios , for comparing the personality factors of the wards of army personnel and civilians. Interpretation of factors which differ significantly at 0.01 & 0.05 level.

Pune has become one of the top most business destinations. International investors consider Pune asone of the most rapidly developing two tier cities. Pune has seen incredible growth due to the 320% increase in the hotel industry. As a result, there is a cut-throat situation among the five star hotels. Consequently, the overall ARR and occupancy percentage of the five star hotels in the city has reduced and packages and heavy discounts have increased, which made budgeted travelling affordable. However, the business share of the budgeted hotels has reduced (as the share of business is being portioned among the many such hotels in the city). This is a challenging situation for the hotels. As they need to survive in the competitive scenario, the hotels must utilize or frame various strategies to gain constant profit margin. One such strategy is to monitor and reduce the operational cost. The present research aims to study the domestic budgeted hotels in Pune and their operational cost control strategies. The study has reveal that by controlling the operational cost the hotels can influence or raise their operational profit. The study, thus, proves beneficial to other such budgeted hoteliers who are finding it difficult to survive the present situation.

-The study was undertaken to analyse the effectiveness of CD as a supporting material to communicate Emily Bronte's novel 'Wuthering Heights' successfully and effectively to T.Y.B.A. (English Special) students of 'Single Group'. The researcher selected 25 students who are regular in the class from the English department of two different colleges and formed 'Single Group'. He aimed at showing the difference in comprehension of students by 'Self-study' and using CD as a supporting material in teaching the novel. For the purpose, he developed an informative, pictorial CD. It could easily draw the attention of the students. The results, which are remarkable, show that when the researcher taught the novel by using CD as a supporting material, there is a better comprehension by the students and they could retain for longer time what was learnt. He prepared multiple choice questionnaires. He also conducted Pre-Test, Past Test and administered a Retention Test after two weeks. The results drawn were remarkable.

Unicellular algae, at the base of most aquatic food chains, are particularly sensitive to a wide range of pollutants and are therefore an important part of a battery of toxicity tests for hazard assessment and aquatic environment protection. The use of bioassays for toxicity assessment, based on growth inhibition in algae is described and effect of vermiwash on algal growth is also observed. To overcome the toxic effect of metal use vermiwash, an organic liquid fertilizer. Vermiwash plays an important role in the plant growth and development. The interactive effect of metal ions namely Copper, chromium and Lead has been studied under controlled conditions on the photosynthetic green alga Scenedesmus bijugates over the exponential growth. In the present work describes algal growth is decreases if the metal ion concentration increase and reverse result found in case of vermiwash.

-Increase in the consumption of canned fruit juice rather than the fruit itself raises alarmonto the safety of these canned juices as they are stored for longer period of time unlike the fruit and dormant if spores present could germinate and cause spoilage. Heat-resistant molds are characterized by the production of ascospores or similar structures with heat resistance, in some instances comparable to bacterial spores. This enables them to survive even when they are thermally processed. So the presence of heat resistant molds in canned fruits is worthy of studying.In this research , heat resistant moulds exist incanned fruit juice and they can withstand the heat treatment/ pasteurization done at processing plants. Their presence might be due to contamination right from the farm fields or the processing company. Heat resistant moulds in canned fruit juice can pose a set or health hazard in the body which includes Diarrhea and Stomachache.

-Increase in the consumption of canned fruit juice rather than the fruit itself raises alarmonto the safety of these canned juices as they are stored for longer period of time unlike the fruit and dormant if spores present could germinate and cause spoilage. Heat-resistant molds are characterized by the production of ascospores or similar structures with heat resistance, in some instances comparable to bacterial spores. This enables them to survive even when they are thermally processed. So the presence of heat resistant molds in canned fruits is worthy of studying.In this research , heat resistant moulds exist incanned fruit juice and they can withstand the heat treatment/ pasteurization done at processing plants. Their presence might be due to contamination right from the farm fields or the processing company. Heat resistant moulds in canned fruit juice can pose a set or health hazard in the body which includes Diarrhea and Stomachache.

-Increase in the consumption of canned fruit juice rather than the fruit itself raises alarmonto the safety of these canned juices as they are stored for longer period of time unlike the fruit and dormant if spores present could germinate and cause spoilage. Heat-resistant molds are characterized by the production of ascospores or similar structures with heat resistance, in some instances comparable to bacterial spores. This enables them to survive even when they are thermally processed. So the presence of heat resistant molds in canned fruits is worthy of studying.In this research , heat resistant moulds exist incanned fruit juice and they can withstand the heat treatment/ pasteurization done at processing plants. Their presence might be due to contamination right from the farm fields or the processing company. Heat resistant moulds in canned fruit juice can pose a set or health hazard in the body which includes Diarrhea and Stomachache.

-Increase in the consumption of canned fruit juice rather than the fruit itself raises alarmonto the safety of these canned juices as they are stored for longer period of time unlike the fruit and dormant if spores present could germinate and cause spoilage. Heat-resistant molds are characterized by the production of ascospores or similar structures with heat resistance, in some instances comparable to bacterial spores. This enables them to survive even when they are thermally processed. So the presence of heat resistant molds in canned fruits is worthy of studying.In this research , heat resistant moulds exist incanned fruit juice and they can withstand the heat treatment/ pasteurization done at processing plants. Their presence might be due to contamination right from the farm fields or the processing company. Heat resistant moulds in canned fruit juice can pose a set or health hazard in the body which includes Diarrhea and Stomachache.

-Increase in the consumption of canned fruit juice rather than the fruit itself raises alarmonto the safety of these canned juices as they are stored for longer period of time unlike the fruit and dormant if spores present could germinate and cause spoilage. Heat-resistant molds are characterized by the production of ascospores or similar structures with heat resistance, in some instances comparable to bacterial spores. This enables them to survive even when they are thermally processed. So the presence of heat resistant molds in canned fruits is worthy of studying.In this research , heat resistant moulds exist incanned fruit juice and they can withstand the heat treatment/ pasteurization done at processing plants. Their presence might be due to contamination right from the farm fields or the processing company. Heat resistant moulds in canned fruit juice can pose a set or health hazard in the body which includes Diarrhea and Stomachache.

The present study is undertaken with the objectives to study the intergenerational differences among mothers and grandmothers of Mehra Community of Kathua District. The sample included 30 mothers and 30 grandmothers who were residing in the same home. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data was collected, using interview schedule and observations. Results of the study showed that both mothers and grandmothers held similar beliefs regarding marriage and child's birth. Majority of the mothers and grandmothers believed that some foods should be taken and avoided during pregnancy. Even after delivery of the child, certain foods are avoided and some are preferred. Practice of discarding colostrum and giving prelacteal feed is still followed by majority of the respondents. Majority of the sample believed in giving prolonged breast feeding to child and applying certain things to terminate breast feeding. Introducing weaning foods at an early age i.e. 6 months is also favoured by majority of the respondents. Importance of immunization practices, teaching toilet training at 1 year of age and discipline at 3 years of age is also favoured by majority of the respondents. Play is also considered important for children. Imparting education to children and equalization of education among sexes is also favoured by majority of the sample. Future goals for children should also be set earlier, so that children can be streamlined accordingly, is the another belief held by majority of the mothers and grandmothers.

The aim of this study was to analyze the use of the Internet and related issues among the students and faculty members of PPIMT, Hisar. A well structured questionnaire was distributed among the 120 students and faculty members. Out of 120 questionnaires 105 filled questionnaires were received back. The present study demonstrates and elaborates the various aspects of Internet use such as, purposes for which the Internet is used, frequency of Internet use, use of Internet services, most frequently used place for Internet use, ways to browse the information from the Internet, problems faced by the users and satisfaction level of users with the Internet facilities provided in the institute. It was found that the Internet had become a vital instrument for teaching, research and learning process of these respondents. This study also highlights some suggestions made by faculty members and students of the institute to make the service more beneficial for the academic community of the institute under study

The aim of this study was to analyze the use of the Internet and related issues among the students and faculty members of PPIMT, Hisar. A well structured questionnaire was distributed among the 120 students and faculty members. Out of 120 questionnaires 105 filled questionnaires were received back. The present study demonstrates and elaborates the various aspects of Internet use such as, purposes for which the Internet is used, frequency of Internet use, use of Internet services, most frequently used place for Internet use, ways to browse the information from the Internet, problems faced by the users and satisfaction level of users with the Internet facilities provided in the institute. It was found that the Internet had become a vital instrument for teaching, research and learning process of these respondents. This study also highlights some suggestions made by faculty members and students of the institute to make the service more beneficial for the academic community of the institute under study

The aim of this study was to analyze the use of the Internet and related issues among the students and faculty members of PPIMT, Hisar. A well structured questionnaire was distributed among the 120 students and faculty members. Out of 120 questionnaires 105 filled questionnaires were received back. The present study demonstrates and elaborates the various aspects of Internet use such as, purposes for which the Internet is used, frequency of Internet use, use of Internet services, most frequently used place for Internet use, ways to browse the information from the Internet, problems faced by the users and satisfaction level of users with the Internet facilities provided in the institute. It was found that the Internet had become a vital instrument for teaching, research and learning process of these respondents. This study also highlights some suggestions made by faculty members and students of the institute to make the service more beneficial for the academic community of the institute under study

The aim of this study was to analyze the use of the Internet and related issues among the students and faculty members of PPIMT, Hisar. A well structured questionnaire was distributed among the 120 students and faculty members. Out of 120 questionnaires 105 filled questionnaires were received back. The present study demonstrates and elaborates the various aspects of Internet use such as, purposes for which the Internet is used, frequency of Internet use, use of Internet services, most frequently used place for Internet use, ways to browse the information from the Internet, problems faced by the users and satisfaction level of users with the Internet facilities provided in the institute. It was found that the Internet had become a vital instrument for teaching, research and learning process of these respondents. This study also highlights some suggestions made by faculty members and students of the institute to make the service more beneficial for the academic community of the institute under study

The aim of this study was to analyze the use of the Internet and related issues among the students and faculty members of PPIMT, Hisar. A well structured questionnaire was distributed among the 120 students and faculty members. Out of 120 questionnaires 105 filled questionnaires were received back. The present study demonstrates and elaborates the various aspects of Internet use such as, purposes for which the Internet is used, frequency of Internet use, use of Internet services, most frequently used place for Internet use, ways to browse the information from the Internet, problems faced by the users and satisfaction level of users with the Internet facilities provided in the institute. It was found that the Internet had become a vital instrument for teaching, research and learning process of these respondents. This study also highlights some suggestions made by faculty members and students of the institute to make the service more beneficial for the academic community of the institute under study

The estimation of and improvement of the physical fitness of youth have rapidly become an important part of every senior secondary school program and as an effort to make such an examination more efficient and many new tests and methods have been revised. It seems particularly wise in these day to make a testing program as brief and yet as helpful as possible. The ability to perform certain activities which requires coordination, strength and skill is also important and it is desirable to test and subsequently to attempt to teach and improve them. The present study was conducted to find the comparison of health related fitness of students of Govt & Private schools of Jharkhand state. Total 500 male Students as subject, age group of 13-15 years from 8th & 9th standard were selected through Govt & Private schools of Jharkhand state. The various components of health related fitness: Cardio-Vascular Efficiency was measured in distance in mts. by using Coopers 12 min run & walk test. Muscular strength was measured in numbers by using chin- ups on horizontal bar. Muscular endurance was measured in numbers by using one-minute bent-knee sit-ups. Flexibility was measured by using sit and reach test (Trunk flexion). Body composition was measured by our sites (biceps, triceps, sub scapular and supra-iliac) skin fold measurement of Durnin & Rehman. The t-test statistical technique was used to find out the Comparison of Health related fitness. It was found that there is significant difference in composite score as a whole, of health related fitness components between the groups. The obtained t-value (4.66) is higher than critical value (2.00) at 0.05 level of confidence. Similarly It is observed that there are significant difference found in 12 mins run/walk test and Sit-ups scores between the groups as obtained tvalues (3.07) & (3.04) respectively are higher than critical value (2.00) at 0.05 level of confidence. It may be due to private school had better facilities of physical education in their schools.

The relationship between the banker and customer arises out of the contract between them and cannot be created except by mutual consent. The relationship between a banker and his customer is basically the contractual relationship and regulated by the provisions contained in the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 and Indian Contract Act, 1872. The contractual relationship which exists between the banker and customer is a complex one founded originally upon the customer and usages of bankers. This tries to point out the rights and liabilities that exist between a banker and customer. This also points out the position of the customer as 'consumer' in the sense mentioned in the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, Researcher tries to study the rights of the customer as consumer of the bank.

The White Tiger is the first novel by Indian author Aravind Adiga. It was first published in 2008 and won the fortieth Man Booker Prize in the same year. The novel provides a postcolonial and darkly humorous perspective of India's class struggle in a globalized world as told through a retrospective narration from Balram Halwai, a village boy. In detailing Balram's journey first to Delhi, where he works as a chauffeur to a rich landlord, and then to Bangalore, the place to which he flees after killing his master and stealing his money, the novel analyses issues of religion, caste, loyalty, corruption and poverty in India. Ultimately, Balram transcends his sweet-maker caste and becomes a successful entrepreneur, establishing his own taxi service. In a nation proudly shedding a history of poverty and underdevelopment, he represents, as he himself says, "tomorrow." We can see this epistolary (in the form of letters) novel with a postcolonial perspective.

The focus of this paper has been the role of the opposition in ventilation of grievances and criticism of the Government and bureaucracy and so. The importance of opposition in Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly from 2002 to 2008 is an important phase of history in the politics of Jammu and Kashmir. The 2002 mainstream politics of Kashmir was fairly vibrant due to a number of reasons. First, the fragmented verdict within the valley ended the era of dominant party politics and initiated a phase of more competitive politics. The coalition government which was formed after the elections with the Congress and the PDP as major partners, itself provided space for internal competitiveness. However, the biggest gain of the 2002 elections was a genuinely interactive politics with a large and effective opposition party in place. The National Conference, which emerged as the leading opposition party, was also the largest party in the legislative assembly. The mainstream politics, meanwhile, lost its regional character as the NC, ensured of its return to power election after election, had tended to become complacent about the need for maintaining its linkage with its local constituency, the people of Kashmir. Now with the NC facing competition from PDP and other parties, the Kashmiri mainstream politics has become more vibrant. Such transformation of politics is particularly beneficial for the NC as it has been forced by the compulsions of circum-stances to find its bearings, once again, in the local politics. That is the reason that the party has been finding means to respond to local issues and reflect the sensitivity of the party to local sensibilities. However, the most significant challenge before the NC, at present, is its role as the leading opposition party of the state a role that can actually help in meeting the challenge of separatism by extending the space that the mainstream politics occupies in the Valley. Being the largest party of the state, it can effectively bring to the democratic space all those issues that have earlier been, in the absence of such an opposition, being raised from within the separatist space. Already it is in the process of engaging the ruling coalition in a variety of such issues including those related to the violation of the human rights of the common people. These issues, like the recent Bandipora killings of the Kashmiri porters, when raised by the mainstream opposition parties like the NC on the floor of the legislature have the effect of increasing the relevance and credibility of the institutional politics. Earlier such institutional politics came to be sidelined because the crucial issues concerning the people of Kashmir could not be articulated and expressed through this channel.

The purpose of the study was to find out the effectiveness of three different training equipments on weight loss after the same aerobic workout. To attain this aim, a total of 16 (8 male and 8 female athlete) with age ranging from 17 to 25 years were randomly selected from Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education Gwalior. For the analysis of the effectiveness of three different training equipments on weight loss after the same aerobic workout. The subjects performed aerobic workout on three different training equipments that are treadmill, elliptical cross trainer and bicycling Ergo meter alternate for three days. Their weight was taken before and after the workout. To compare the effect of exercising equipments one way repeated measure ANOVA was employed at 0.05 level of significance. The Mean±SD of the values of weight loss of subjects on treadmill, elliptical cross trainer and bicycle ergo meter is .43±.03, .31±.09, .32±.06 respectively. It was found that Exercising on treadmill is significantly better than the exercising on step up and bicycle ergo meter. It also found that there is no significant difference exists between the exercising on step up and bicycle ergo meter.

This paper discusses the achievements of girls of Muslim community and the related problems of education and marriage. Most of the identity concerns of Muslim girls revolve around the community and thus the religion. Islam in Kerala had adapted many regional customs and practices. The commoditization of women still continues here also, though Kerala Muslims are different from those of other states of Kerala. Those claim the leadership of religion has not yet opened their eyes to the identity concerns of Muslim girls. The marriage-oriented conditioning has much affected the educational empowerment of girls. Though neither cultural thinkers nor women activists or NGOs have yet propounded the solution, at least the problem has reached the media and the mass. Much progress has attained from the twentieth century chains and darkness. Women are still said to be bound for families. Unless the family structure and reserved duties get re-constructed, no sooner change from second-rate status will be possible.

-The study is designed to investigate the emotional intelligence of student-teachers in District Anantnag of Jammu and Kashmir State. The sample size is of 300 student-teachers from all the five Colleges of District Anantnag. A standardized tool Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) Anukool Hyde and Sanjyot Pethe and Upinder Dhar (2010) is used for the study. The result is analysed by using descriptive and differential statistical techniques. The result indicated that: Gender wise and faculty wise, there is no significant mean difference between the level of emotional intelligence of student teachers.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education is often perceived to be the critical element in the drive towards a knowledge-based society. Technology truly empowers the users. Information literacy implies confidence, competence and acceptance. The aim of this paper is to reveal how technology and information literacy together when used effectively in libraries enhance teaching, learning and research thus improving the quality of education. It also discusses the need for new technology and restructuring the academic libraries. Sharpening students' information skills is a vital challenge. Information literacy is conceptualised as a key learning process related to discipline and academic maturity, rather than as a generic skill. To provide quality education it is necessary to promote teaching, learning, research and application of technology. The challenge for teacher-educators is to prepare teachers to teach the skills, strategies and attitudes that are part of information literacy. They recognize the critical need for students to learn information literacy, to develop higher order thinking skills, to understand concepts and ideas, to apply what they learn, and to be able to pose questions- to solve problems and be capable to do some amount of quality original research. For this there is a need for effective teaching, information literacy training for teacher-educators, effective implementation of the technological tools in education, proper functioning of the academic libraries, research in instructional technology, creating collaborative learning environments, application of the principles of instructional technology and pedagogy. Information literacy and technology have brought a revolution in education. The present paper also discusses about the multidimensional roles of the academic librarians in the information age, provides few suggestions to academic librarians and concludes by giving a call to academic librarians to implement new technology, impart information literacy education, take all necessary steps and act-in-time to contribute to the goal of providing quality education.

Health specialists are not always aware of the need to apply different purchasing approaches.There are many companies producing vaccines but only a few meet internationally- recognized standards of safety and efficacy. The safety and efficacy of the vaccines cannot Biological E. Limited determined through laboratory testing.From the chemical testing we concluded that the amount of Adjuvant and preservative were exactly equal and was not found to violet the limits set and recommended by the United States of Pharmacopeia, Indian Pharmacopeia, British Pharmacopeia.The vaccines and sera were biologically tested by treatments on mice and guinea pigs for certain period during which the changes were observed to be according to the doses of the vaccine and these tests implies that vaccines were free from contamination.Water is main source to preparation of vaccine and should be free from specific pathogens. In the present study different types of water was tested and from the analyses were tested and from the analyses it was observed that the types of water PW, WFI, PSC were free from pathogens and chemicals. They were of good quality suitable to be used for vaccine preparation.It is concluded from the study that the chemical and biological testing and water analysis of DT, DPT, TT and Anti-Snake venom produced by Biological E. Limited Company was satisfying the quality instructed by Pharmacopeia, Indian Pharmacopeia, British Pharmacopeia and therefore recommended and passed as vaccines fit for human use

There have been several studies related to training and development. Very few of them have been conducted in It companies. The present paper provides empirical evidence to ascertain the evaluation of the training offered by the IT companies across the employees in Chennai, Tamilnadu .Data was obtained from 146 employees working in the different IT Companies in Chennai. The respondents in the age range between 26 years to 30 years also have high value towards the performance standard of the training. The respondents who are single has high value towards objective evaluation (1.60).Additionally, results indicate that when the various 15 aspects of the training evaluated individually in relation to their demographical background, only 3 demographical factors are significantly correlated with over all training facets.

The rapid growth of electronic commerce provides a challenge for marketers because "...as consumers adopt new technologies, their behaviors change". Understanding how companies should interact with their customers and deliver services in electronic environment is of decisive importance. Consumer's use of mobile communication devices is increasing rapidly, and devices based on new technology are now commonplace in everyday life. One of the most emerging and pioneering tool in the hands of the customer is mobile banking. In this paper an attempt has been made to discuss the various aspects of mobile banking

Some mighty empires that flourished many centuries ago and were famed for their great wealth, power and magnificent architecture also suffered rapid decline. Today, hauntingly beautiful ruins whisper of a magnificent past and hold mysteries that we are still in the process of discovering. One such empire was the great Vijayanagara Empire. By 1336 they had all been vanquished at the hands of Alaudin Khilji and Muhammad bin Tughluq, the Sultans of Delhi. The Vijayanagara empire reached its pinnacle during the reign of Krishnadevaraya when Vijayanagara armies were consistently emerging as victorious. The empire were a highly efficient system of administration and a thriving overseas trade which brought the empire new technologies such as water management systems for irrigation. The empire's fervent patronage enabled fine arts and literature in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil and Sanskrit to soar to great heights whilst Carnatic music evolved into its current form. The Vijayanagara Empire created a significant footnote for itself in South Indian history by transcending regionalism and making Hinduism the unifying factor.

Women in the family play a pivotal role in improving the quality of family life, as they constitute one third of country's economic active population. In rural areas the women are ignorant about the latest information on different domains of life, which may be due to poor literacy rate of females. According to 2011 census as compared to all India average of 943, national female literacy rate of 68 percent of male and maternal mortality ratio of 210 bring the women condition to core. They have poor health status which may be due to various reasons such as poor knowledge, lack of accessibility to health care facilities etc. But among all the reason of poor health of women, one leading reason is poverty. There are obstacles, deficits and threats to health inherent in poverty, such as lack of basic necessities, isolation from information, deep-rooted customs and religion, which gives birth to superstation and many more. Along with poverty, illiteracy among women cannot be put aside which mean due to lack of education there is lack of awareness among women regarding health and nutrition. Today also, women are careless about their health, no matter whether they are literate or illiterate. Life skill education enables these women to evaluate the situation and to make safe choices based on well developed sense of self life. It is basically aims at providing information through training on psycho-social competency to promote adjustment, decision-making, problem solving, critical thinking and interpersonal relationship

This paper explains the procedure of developing and standardizing a scale constructed by the authors to measure the impact of foreign remittances on livelihood, risk-behaviour and social capital of Tibetan refugees in India. After critical study related to livelihood issues of refugees, ten dimensions were selected for constructing the tool. The pilot study had 43 items related to all the three dimensions. The newly constructed scale which consists of 43 items had face validity, content validity, and reliability.

Upon the hierarchy of central functions is based the hierarchy of central places and their corresponding service areas. Christaller was the first to develop the idea of such a hierarchy in his central place theory and a number of scholars have demonstrated the concrete existence of such an order. It is also our main concern to investigate functional based hierarchy of towns in relation to the size base hierarchy of towns. This paper “hierarchy of towns based on functions/infrastructure” (a case study of Gujarat) provides a platform to thoroughly examine that the above said christaller theory is valid in the case of towns of Gujarat or not.

Population of Indian cities is growing rapidly. Due to such increase in population our basic needs requirement is not fulfil as there is shorten area for shelter people move to exploit other fertile forest land and agricultural land ultimately result into urbanization.For sustainable utilization of the land ecosystems, it is significantly to know land characteristics, extent and location, its quality, productivity, topography, natural resources and limitations of various land uses. In present study uses remote sensing and Geographical Information System, GIS approaches to analyse decadal changes of land uses patternin Sadhi village, District. Vadodara. This study revealed that in last 10years from 2002 to 2012,shows enormous change seen in land uses pattern in Sadhi village, which not only show their effect on decrease agricultural land but on other natural resources also. This effort is made to aware people about importance of sustainable development in Sadhi village.

The main motto of any developing economy is to achieve inclusive growth. Inclusive growth is possible only when our financial system can reach the grass root level and helping the poor people in rural areas by providing them financial assistance. Lack of proper financial services to poor forces them to borrow from local moneylenders at high interest rates, which ultimately cause their destruction rather than improvement which becomes a barrier to inclusive growth. At current scenario the micro finance institution are playing a very vital role in development of grass root level by providing financial support in rural areas through mobilization of savings. Micro-Finance is emerging as a powerful instrument in accelerating economic growth. In our country micro finance is dominated bySelf Help Groups (SHGs) – Banks. In some area Finance scene is dominated by, aimed at providing a cost effective mechanism for providing financial services to the unreached poor. The present paper discusses conceptual framework of microfinance system in India and how it helps in achieving inclusive growth.Also the present papers discuss the benefits and challenges in front of micro finance institutions. Our study concludes that micro finance institutions have a significant role in inclusive economic growth.

Dental caries is a complex disease caused by a physiological imbalance between fluid and mineral dental biofilm (microbial cells in a matrix, favoring the use of nutritional resources available, formerly known as plaque). It is recognized that microorganisms are not only sufficient to explain it, highlighting the important role of biofilm in its development (Fejerskov, 2004). The factors associated with dental caries are oral hygiene habits, dietary patterns, social economic status, sex, age etc. Many people are totally vegetarian throughout their entire life due to some religious reasons. It gives a great opportunity to study the effect of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diet (mixed diet) over the incidence of dental caries. In the present study 90 research scholars from different departments of Annamalai University were selected and dental examination was performed to study the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth. A questionnaire was given to the students to analyze the different factors associated with the dental cares and the data was recorded. Dental caries was recorded using DMFT index. The percentage of students infected with dental caries was found to be 41.11% which is better than the national ratio of 63.4%. The results of the study emphasize the need for re-orientation of oral health services and programs to a more preventive approach.

UN was created after the World War II to protect the coming generation from the scourge of third world war. It replaced the League of the Nations which was established in the aftermath of the world war I. US played important role in the establishment of the League of the Nation but US was not the member of the organization. Ultimately it was disbanded with outbreak of the World War II. UN was created mainly the western countries in their own way. US and its allied forces played significant role in the whole process of the origin of UN. Like other organizations UN is also dominated by the superpowers for their own national interests. Either its organs were used or it was bypassed in particular conditions by the big powers. After the end of cold war and disintegration of USSR it is totally being dominated by the US as the only superpower in a unipolar world order.

Melakadambur is a village located 31 kilometers (19 miles) from Chidambaram, and can reach at 6 km from Kattumannarkoil, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for Arulmigu Amirthakateshwarar Thirukkoil, constructed during the reign of Cholas by Kulothunga Chola. The temple and the village are well known in Ponniyin Selvan history, as they are over than 1,000 years old. The Sivan temple at Melakadambur is a paadal petra thalam. This Siva Linga is Self-manifested or Swayambhu Linga. The temple is in the shape of the Rath-Car. The left wheel is stuck to the earth as Lord Vinayaka pressed it. Lord Kunjithapada Nataraja graces with Mother Sivakami in a leaning position. The life history of the celebrated saivite Nayanmars are sculpted on the wall of the main shrine. The pleasing feature is that Lord Arthanareeswara graces with Nandi the bull vehicle on the right wall while Lord Ranganatha is below. Special pujas are performed to Lord Ranganatha on Vaikunda Ekadasi day in December-January. On the back wall, Lord Vishnu graces with a Siva Linga on his hand with Sri Andal, Garudazhwar and Sri Anjaneya. Lord Muruga with his consorts Valli and Deivanai graces on the opposite side. Saint Arunagiriar has sung the praise the Lord of Muruga in this temple. Lord Gangadhara and Lord Aalinganamurthy also grace from this ghoshta walls. Lord Dakshinamurthi graces from the Vimana-tower above the sanctum sanctorum with a flute and Veena. Lord Vinayaka graces in the name of Aaravara Vinayaka. Kulothunga I built a sculptural beautiful temple Karakkoil at Melakadambur in 1113 AD in rd his 43 thrown period, rarely made miniature sculptures all around the karbagraha is a finest memorable of the king. It's said to be karakkoil in Devara and the only temple named as it was like a chariot shaped one. This study clearly explicates the glorious achievements of the Cholas

Student interaction is an important part of developing the cognitive skills involved in generating ideas, and found brainstorming was an effective way of achieving this. Results from this study showed that students who were trained in brainstorming techniques were more efficient at generating and organizing ideas than students in a control group”. Brainstorming and Simulation games can play a significant role to improve student's content understanding, thematic integration with real life while teaching social studies and enhancing the confidence and communication skills among students. It is largely due to the fact that brainstorming and simulation games not only stimulates student's attention but also interests them to participate in the class in an interactive and fun-active manner. This study was carried out to examine the effects of Brainstorming Techniques and Simulation Games on secondary school students' achievement in Social Studies.

India's health care system is characterized by a pattern of mixed ownership and with different systems of medicine - Allopathy, Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy. The health sector in India comprises of private sector that mostly provides curative services and government sector that provides publicly financed and managed promotive, preventive and curative health services.Development of a country or a state is not on papers but it can be judged from the wellbeing of its citizens. India is a vast country of 1.25 billion populations residing in 29 states and six union territories. Proper mechanism to address basic needsand amenities of the people has been a challenging area forthe governments both at centers and states. There is no clearcut policy for the e–health implementations because India hasLarge geographical area, increase population density, lack oftransport, inaccessibility, illiteracy, poverty, poor nutritionalstatus, diversity in food habit and life style are variousimpediments. Paper will focus on the Present scenario ofe-Health in selected provinces of India. In this paper descriptiveresearch methodology has been used for highlighting the majorissues of e-Health implementation.

India's inward investment regime went through a series of changes since economic reforms were ushered in two decades back. The expectation of the policy makers was that an “investor friendly” regime will help India establish itself as a preferred destination of foreign investors. Ever since India has embraced liberal economic policies by opening up its markets post 1991-92, capital inflows generated by foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) has proved to be indispensable for the cause of propulsion of economic growth of the country. Foreign direct investment and Foreign portfolio investment have been considered as distinct and independent forms of international capital flows. This paper analyses the inflows of FDI and FPI of Indian economy. The study also highlights the regulations of foreign portfolio investors issued by SEBI, initiatives taken by the Government to attract foreign investment and simplified norms of foreign portfolio investment placed by RBI to attract inflows.

Libraries are not made but they grow. Libraries are considered to be the heart of educational institutions. They play very important role in teaching and learning environment process. This paper highlights problems of collection development in library.”

Background – As per the existing policy, the subsidiary under the Rural Sanitation Programme is given to the people below the poverty line for construction of individual household latrines. This Programme is implemented by Panchayat Raj system. This specific Programme was undertaken to cater the basic needs and requirements of Rural Poor. The major purpose of the study is to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the sanitation programe implemented in rural area. This study is conducted in Bailhongal Taluk of Belgaum District in Karnataka State. This is the one among most backward talukas, identified by the High Powered Committee under D.M.Nanjudappa to study the functionality of infrastructure facilities in Karnataka. Objectives – to analyze the perception of Rural People towards Sanitation and utilization of Programmes, and to study the gaps in implementation of programme and asses the effectiveness of the Programme. Methods - The whole study is based on primary data. Field work was carried out with personal interviews. The study also includes analysis of secondary data. Results- The findings of the study show that, the impact of the Programme has succeeded in promoting socio-economic status of the beneficiary households than non beneficiary households. Analysis of their perception revealed that, the selection process is not fair and it would marginalize people who should be the beneficiaries. Lack of proper information about the programme is critically important factor. Conclusion- An attempt is made to put forth some suggestion for the use of policy makers, planners and administrators for future reconstruction of welfare and development Programmes.

Food is the basic necessity of life for survival and livelihood for a healthy and productive life. Jawaharlal Nehru said in 1947,"everything else can wait, but not agriculture"; as such government of India is making its efforts to ensure proper food to the poor people in affordable prices at large through its various schemes. This study focuses on to know the food and nutrition security, and role of the government schemes in ensuring food security to the poor people in India. The schemes covered under this study includes Public Distribution System (PDS), Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY), Annapoorna Scheme, Mid-day Meals scheme (MDM), Indian National Food Security Act 2013 (INFSA), and also Right to Food Act.

The foundations of India's foreign policy were firmly laid by him. Like any other foreign policy maker, Nehru underlined India's national interest as the basic guiding principle. But even before he did that, Nehru, as head of the interim Government, had declared as on September 7, 1946, principle objectives of India's foreign policy. In a broadcast to the nation he had said. “We shall take full part in international conferences as a free nation with our own policy and not merely as a satellite of another nation. We hope to develop close and direct contacts with other nations and to co-operate with them in the furtherance of world peace and freedom.

Religion is historically associated with tourism. Some of our most popular tourist places are found on ancient places of worship. Religious tourism has a big future in the district. Kolhapur district is richly endowed with ancient temples and religious festivals. The purpose of this study is to examine facilities available for tourist. The study also aims socio-economic status, and economic impact of tourism etc. The satisfaction index is measured with the help of formula

English Renaissance literature is marked by four periods, The period of preparation (1500- 79) it was the youth of the Renaissance, The Elizabethan (1579-1602)-it was the manhood of Renaissance, The Jacobean period (1603-1625)-it was the middle age of the English Renaissance, The Caroline period (1620-1660)-it was the old age of the Renaissance. The efflorescence of the Renaissance spirit appeared in the Elizabethan literature which was marked by fullness of national life, a passion for knowledge, a spirit of daring adventure and an ambition to achieve great things .Gradually the spell of the Renaissance disappeared and people found their hopes dashed to the ground .

-Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. All human beings are entitled to enjoy certain rights without any distinction of caste, creed, religion, sex etc. But the reality is different; every human being is a victim of one or the other types of human right violation. In the modern world women's rights and gender discrimination have became buzzwords, particularly the Muslim women have became the centre of attention both at national and international level. However Islam has protected and promoted the women's rights in a great deal. Islamic considers woman not only equal to man but in some respects give her importance more than man. Notwithstanding the misconception spread to the contrary, the present demonstrates beyond doubt that the gender equality, freedom and dignity that Islam offers to woman remain unparalleled. The purpose of this paper is only to clarify the Islamic position on the matter and not to imply that women in the Islamic societies across the world do not require any programmes of equality. They do so. The degeneration of the Muslim woman around the world over the past centuries is a necessary corollary to their cultural disorientation wrought in the main by the colonial holocaust. The present paper highlights the rights of women as per the Quran and the sayings of the Prophet, and the situation of Muslim women in the present society. The paper concludes that women in Islam have a great deal of rights to enjoy but the due to the common misconceptions of Muslim women have made them socially, economically and politically etc. backward in the present day societies.

SAARC countries are a large regional block with huge potential but achievement in regional cooperation so far is insignificant. The results show that the region is engaged in trade with the outside world and not within the economies of the region. India's trade with SAARC countries is not very impressive. SAARC countries need to have adequate physical infrastructure. Trade policy of SAARC countries, need to ensure that SAFTA ensures trade creation rather than trade diversion from the region as observed by many researchers. It is also noticed that while trade promotes growth, GDP growth also attract more participation in international trade.

India is the second most populous country in the world. The population explosion has given rise to unprecedented social, cultural and other economic problems in the country. According to an estimate, there are more than five crore unemployed youth registered in the employment exchanges of the country, while the number of unregistered unemployed youths is more than the registered ones. Such youth are mostly in remote, rural and semi-urban areas and their number is increasing by the day. The empowerment of Dalit youths is a major challenge for developmental organisations. This paper draws attention to the leadership skills required for the youth led organisations who are working among Scheduled caste youth or other socially excluded youth in the society. The formation of Dalit support organisations and networks helps to strengthen the activities of Dalit groups, and helps them to put forward their case for equity and equal access to resources.

This paper is an outcome of my research study conducted for Ph.D degree from Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut. The purpose of the study was to collect the data (opinion based questionnaire) on core curriculum need in B.Ed. The sample comprised of 200 secondary school Teachers working in various schools affiliated to the following boards- 100 C.B.S.E Board Teachers and 100 I.C.S.E Board teachers. The questionnaire was prepared by the researcher. In this state of affairs of teacher education following research questions should be addressed immediately. (1) Does present core curriculum fulfils needs of secondary school teachers in twenty first century? (2) Does units depicted in theory course are relevant to present day teacher education programme. (3) Does the content of theory course suit the prospective teacher's need in 21st century? (4)How far theory course enable the teachers to manage technology of education in this globalized era? (5) To what extent the theory course helpful to the teachers to understand the perspectives of teacher education in global educational scenario?

The aim of this study is to find out the income of different universities of Punjab state &their affiliated colleges. All the data conducted from three universities such as Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar Punjabi University, Patiala & Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Questionnaire's were used for data collection &'t' test were used to finding the significance of difference. Results indicated that the income of Guru Nanak Dev University is much higher as compare with Punjabi university &Punjab agricultural university, while the income of Punjabi university is better than Punjab agriculture university.

An electronic resource (E- Resource) is any information source that the library provides access to in an electronic format. E-Resource consist of e-books,e-journals,e-thesis, e-library, edatabases, e-portfolio, etc.. In this research paper an attempt has been made to construct and standardize the E- Resources Knowledge Test to measure E- Resources knowledge of higher secondary teachers, as there is no suitable questionnaire available to measure the E- Resources knowledge of higher secondary teachers.

Several studies have examined the linkages between gender and behavioural finance biases. Here an attempt is made to look at how gender, risk aversion and overconfidence may affect the investment decision making of the individual investor. The purpose of the research paper is to study possible gender effects on risk aversion and overconfidence in investment decision making. A narrow sample, explicitly 200 respondents in which 100 are male and 100 are female,which were conveniently selected and were administered a behavioural finance questionnaire comprising closed ended questions. Chi-square has been used as a statistical tool for data analysis. The authors have found female are more conservative than their male counterparts in terms of risk aversion. In terms of overconfidence, they could not reach to any conclusion with certainty because research has shown mixed results.

Kâmâkhyâ had been the most sacred shrine of Assam from the earliest times till today. Kâmâkhyâ temple is situated on the Nilachal Hill a few miles from the city of Guwahati. Kâmâkhyâ temple has a great influence among the people of the entire country because of its assimilation of various religious cults such as Saktism, Saivism, Vaisnavism, Buddhism, Tantricism. Being the most sacred shrine, it attracted the people of the whole country from different corners.

Kâmâkhyâ had been the most sacred shrine of Assam from the earliest times till today. Kâmâkhyâ temple is situated on the Nilachal Hill a few miles from the city of Guwahati. Kâmâkhyâ temple has a great influence among the people of the entire country because of its assimilation of various religious cults such as Saktism, Saivism, Vaisnavism, Buddhism, Tantricism. Being the most sacred shrine, it attracted the people of the whole country from different corners.

Kâmâkhyâ had been the most sacred shrine of Assam from the earliest times till today. Kâmâkhyâ temple is situated on the Nilachal Hill a few miles from the city of Guwahati. Kâmâkhyâ temple has a great influence among the people of the entire country because of its assimilation of various religious cults such as Saktism, Saivism, Vaisnavism, Buddhism, Tantricism. Being the most sacred shrine, it attracted the people of the whole country from different corners.

Kâmâkhyâ had been the most sacred shrine of Assam from the earliest times till today. Kâmâkhyâ temple is situated on the Nilachal Hill a few miles from the city of Guwahati. Kâmâkhyâ temple has a great influence among the people of the entire country because of its assimilation of various religious cults such as Saktism, Saivism, Vaisnavism, Buddhism, Tantricism. Being the most sacred shrine, it attracted the people of the whole country from different corners.

Suicide is the second most common cause of death in young adults worldwide. Teens in Southern India have the world's highest suicide rates. Suicide is often committed out of despair, or attributed to some underlying mental disorder which includes depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and alcoholism and drug abuse. Financial difficulties, troubles with interpersonal relationships and other desirable situation play a significant role but teens are prone to commit suicide this is very serious issue. Generally it assumes that students who don't have to face above cited problems except academic stress. Therefore, this paper intent to discuss about academic stress and suicidal ideation and its prevention through counseling because of this it may be prevented effectively.

The English language which was the langua Franca of the British Commonwealth countries in the past is now becoming more important in the global scene. There are various ways and methods in acquiring English Language: through natural development as a mother tongue, formal classroom lectures and self-development learning. However specifically for the oral communication, the only way to acquire is to speak and continue to practice the language. Hence, this research study is to apply Vygotskian's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) method that may provide an effective way for students to develop their English oral communication skill successfully.

This study sought to find out the comparative status of physical fitness profile of public and private secondary school teachers in Lagos Mainland Local Government Area of Lagos state. Six physical fitness variables of abdominal strength, upper body muscle strength muscle endurance, body composition, flexibility,aerobic fitness. The participants used for the study were drawn from both public and private secondary schools within the Local Government Area. The instrument used for the study were a fitness test battery made up of flexed knee sit – up to test abdominal muscle strength within sixty seconds, sit and reach – this is to test hamstring flexibility,aerobic exercise – this is to test aerobic capacity, body mass index – this is to ascertain body composition, press ups – this is to ascertain muscular endurance of participantpull up / flexed arm hang- this is to test upper body strength and endurance.Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistic of student t-test were used for the study. The six hypotheses formulated and tested were accepted as they were not significant.It was therefore concluded that the fitness status of teachers in both public and private secondary schools are of comparable status. It was recommended that the physical fitness status of teachers in both public and private secondary schools should be regularly monitored to ensure that they are maintained.

-Copyright protection in India is granted to original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works; cinematograph films and sound recording. Once a copyright is granted, the holder is given certain exclusive rights like those of reproduction, performance, translation and adaptation. Any exercise of these exclusive rights by a person not granted a license constitutes infringement. However, the statute provides certain exceptions, to which the defendant may take recourse in an infringement suit brought against him. One of these many defenses is “fair dealing” or “fair use” against claims of infringement of copyrighted material. The Copyright Amendment Act,2012 has broadened the scope of exceptions to infringement and fair dealing The purpose of this paper to narrate the notion of copyright and its infringement and exceptions to the same particularly with regard to fair use or fair dealing of copyright under Indian context .

By creating a shipping channel through the shallow sea called sethusamudram which would link palk bay and the gulf of mannar between India and srilanka , would provide a continuously navigable sea route in and around the Indian Peninsula. The project involves digging a 44.9 nautical miles (51.7 mi; 83.2 km) long deepwater channel linking the shallow palk stait with the Gulf of Mannar. Recently it received approval of the Indian government, which plans to break the limestone shoals of Adam's Bridge as part of this project. A few organizations are opposing damage to Adam's Bridge on religious, environmental and economical grounds. Many support the implementation of this project using one of five alternative alignments considered earlier without damaging the structure, which is sacred to Hindus. The alignment is currently planned to be roughly in the middle of the straits to provide the shortest course and the course requiring least maintenance.

An attempt has been made in this work to assemble available research exertions on Sustainable Development. This research provides categories which help in giving a comprehensive and quick review of available literature on the topic. This study is useful in many ways. On one side it provides a number of research exertions at one place and on the other it categorises different researches on the basis of their theme. It also explains the trend of researches. After reading this article one may be competent to get an idea about different dimensions of researches on Sustainable Development.

The area of the study lies between latitudinal degrees 42° 13' 6 '' to36° 30' 34'' north and longitudinal degree 42° 38' 23'' to 34° 20' 54'' east. The area includes the northwest parts of Iraq and the southwest parts of the Plain. The area is surrounded by Sinjar Mountain, Kolat Mountain, Zuhair Mountain, and Shaikh Ibrahim Mountain from the north; it is a series of hills which mark the border line of Thirthar valley basin and Tigris. While the Eastern borders are the borders of the Tigris basin, from the south the area is surrounded by Euphrates and from the west is surrounded by the valleys of Ajeej, Ashkar and Sumbula. The study area is about 24138.259 square kms.Adopted present study to evaluate the availability of water resources is the study area, and then to consider the optimum utilization. The purpose of the analysis is to understand the hydrological conditions of the basin which help in suggesting the methods of controlling the runoff and reducing the danger of the floods.

The area of the study lies between latitudinal degrees 42° 13' 6 '' to36° 30' 34'' north and longitudinal degree 42° 38' 23'' to 34° 20' 54'' east. The area includes the northwest parts of Iraq and the southwest parts of the Plain. The area is surrounded by Sinjar Mountain, Kolat Mountain, Zuhair Mountain, and Shaikh Ibrahim Mountain from the north; it is a series of hills which mark the border line of Thirthar valley basin and Tigris. While the Eastern borders are the borders of the Tigris basin, from the south the area is surrounded by Euphrates and from the west is surrounded by the valleys of Ajeej, Ashkar and Sumbula. The study area is about 24138.259 square kms.Adopted present study to evaluate the availability of water resources is the study area, and then to consider the optimum utilization. The purpose of the analysis is to understand the hydrological conditions of the basin which help in suggesting the methods of controlling the runoff and reducing the danger of the floods.

-Though E-finance is a new field of Finance and is still in budding stage, it has a greater importance and played a vital role for developing economy like India, China, Brazil etc. it still needs some more attention from researchers and entrepreneurs to grow up. This paper aims at the study of various importance of E-finance in the context of developing countries like India. The study includes a brief introduction of E-finance, Scope of E-Finance, role and importance of SMEs in development of the economy on a country, the state of E-finance in India and the importance of E-finance for the developing countries especially in context with India..

The purpose of present study has been conducted to investigate the impact of advertisement on consumer behavior of Mobile phones in Nagpur City (N = 200). This paper aims to explore the role of advertisement on attitudes towards buying behavior. A questionnaire has prepared to evaluate the impact of advertisement. The sample data has mobile users belonging to different age and income groups. As a whole five important brands haves been taken into Interviews were made in respect of their co-relations with advertisements. These results exposed that advertisement attracts towards the preference and choices to influence the consumer buying behavior. Results also revealed that consumers considered advertisement as a reliable source of knowledge as compared to others. Advertisement play a very important role to affect any high or low income group, but expensive products and the repetition of advertisement did not affect the consumer buying behavior. The most preferred brand is Samsung and second preferred brand Sony. Consumers were attracted and influenced by the flash of advertisements in different media.

he main aim of this paper is to discuss about the ancient education system in India and its current status. Education in India mainly developed to satisfy the need of man's innate curiosity, while he lived in the folds of nature. It is said that education in India is started during Vedic period but it must have started during Prehe main aim of this paper is to discuss about the ancient education system in India and its current status. Education in India mainly developed to satisfy the need of man's innate curiosity, while he lived in the folds of nature. It is said that education in India is started during Vedic period but it must have started during Pre

This article is an analysis about Brazilian Way Social Economy in the field of rainforest people sociology. It presents the cooperative work like a new model of social economy with emphasis to the work's cooperatives. This search presents a Amazon ontology of the work as a source of social being riverside people as construct of survival strategy in brazilian Amazon. The search's field was conducted in the Village called Nossa Senhora de Aparecida [Our Lady Aparecida Village], Coari City which is localized in the River Amazon bank, in the Amazon State (Brazil), In this place there is a initial work, a rural cooperative that produces food from the forest to be purchased by Amazon state. Among the first results of the search, it's clear that the rural workers of Coari Village are capable of remake the Amazon way life and work through the social economy under optical capitalists relations. We can affirm, finally, that the Social Economy presents itself as an great economic activity capable of achieve the environmentally sustainable economy

Novels in India began to develop from the 16 century. since then novel became a viable medium to express historical consciousness. Literature is a true mirror of social history. History gets new dimention in literature. The Historical Novels have done a theoretical examination of the interaction between history and fiction. In modern times ,the novelists like Salman Rushdie and Amitav Ghosh has used Indian history extensively. The present paper aims at a study of the growth and development of historical novels and the analysis of select historical novels in Indian literature.

A highly efficient and facile method has been described for the synthesis of substituted 2-aminothiazoles in POCl3 without any added co-organic solvent. The reaction was carried out at ambient temperature and the products were obtained within short reaction time with excellent isolated yields. The developed protocol is successfully applied for the preparation of synthetic intermediates and scaffolds hoping strategy in synthesis of biologically active derivatives as therapeutic interest.

Visiting Environmental spots is the most popular tourist industry in today's World. It gives mental pleasure and good health. It consists of biological and non-biological factors1.

John Keats has been, truly speaking, the most romantic among the romantic poets of the Romantic Revival movement. The youngest of the second generation of Romantic Revival poets, Keats wrote, in a short span of four years, from 1816 to 1820, three volumes of his poems which illustrate Keats' pure and rarefied romanticism. Romanticism may be defined as the intense emotions aroused by the faculty of imagination on account of the impressions, received through senses, of the world outside, of nature, of art and of human life in general. Romanticism therefore is a heightened form of imagination coupled with sensations. Keats romanticism is of this type and in his attitude towards nature, human life, and literature of the past. Keats is able to invest his intense emotions with his image-making and mythmaking powers. His poetry, a record of his sensuous and picturesque impressions of the world outside and of human passions.

Disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society. It involves widespread human, material, economic or environmental impacts, which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. A disaster is a natural or man-made hazard resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the environment. It can be defined as any tragic event stemming from events such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions. It is a phenomenon that can cause damage to life and property and destroy the economic, social and cultural life of people. Disasters are seen as the consequence of inappropriately managed risk. These risks are the product of a combination of both hazard/s and vulnerability.

A well groomed, updated and awarded employee in an organization is just like a close circuit hidden camera. This sentence speaks a lot about the importance of human resource development and its increasing popularity and widely practiced character in industrial and business world. Indian Rural banking scenario is not an exception to this. Many challenging issues are being experienced in the process of HRD. Prominent among them are to include: (i) whether the expenses incurred on HRD practices and measures are to be treated as revenue expenditure or capital expenditure; (ii) how to retain the human resources once they are developed in the organization, and (iii) how to overcome the resistance shown by the employees for undergoing HRD process. Against these challenges, there is a belief among bank employees that they extend full co-operation to the HRD efforts and are ready to accept the change. Therefore, a research work entitled "Human Resource Practices In Regional Rural Banks With Special Reference To Prathma Bank In Moradabad Region” has been undertaken to know the perceptions of the bank employees in this field.

Strategy is a process of choosing the best alternative based on environmental conditions. TNPL is an organization and choosing the best business options and withstands in the market among various Public Sector companies. A core competency is generally defined in terms of special technical or product expertise. Acquiring core competencies helps the organization to compete against the new entrants. As far as TNPL is concerned the core competencies are Skilled human resources, Variety of products to the need of customers, Strong brand name, Innovative and updated technologies, Eco- friendly production, Affordable cost of products, manufacturing cost control and the ability to adapt changes.

The Millets grown in Rewa district are Bajara (Pennisetumtyphoides) and Jowar (Sorghum bicolor). Cultivated and spread over the following Tehsil viz. Raipur kartulian, Mangawan, Mauganj, Sirmaur, Theonther. Millet cultivators' farmers are poor who depend on millet crops for food and fodder also. Generally these crops suffer minimum or no damage by insect pests. During the grain formation stage to harvesting stage however, a lot of birds are attracted to these crops. Rose-ringed Parakeet was found the major bird pest in study area

Cloud computing technique emerges an captivating solution to store and process confidential data. However, several security risks are encountered with such a system as the securely encrypted data should be decrypted before processing them.With the emergence of cloud computing organizations can store data in the cloud provider's data centre, but the security of the data in the cloud is a major concern. Data can be stored in the cloud in an encrypted format, but the problem is that while data can be sent to and from a cloud provider's data centre in encrypted form, the servers that power a cloud can't do any work on it that way. With homomorphic encryption, a company could encrypt its entire database and upload it to a cloud and it is possible to analyse data without decrypting it. In this paper we present a relational database system based on homomorphic encryption schemes to preserve the integrity and confidentiality of the data. Our system executes SQL queries over encrypted data. We tested our system with a recently developed homomorphic scheme that enables the execution of arithmetic operations on ciphertexts. With homomorphic encryption, a company could encrypt its entire database and upload it to a cloud and it is possible to analyse data without decrypting it.

Background – As per the existing policy, the subsidiary under the Rural Sanitation Programme is given to the people below the poverty line for construction of individual household latrines. This Programme is implemented by Panchayat Raj system. This specific Programme was undertaken to cater the basic needs and requirements of Rural Poor. The major purpose of the study is to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the sanitation programe implemented in rural area. This study is conducted in Bailhongal Taluk of Belgaum District in Karnataka State. This is the one among most backward talukas, identified by the High Powered Committee under D.M.Nanjudappa to study the functionality of infrastructure facilities in Karnataka. Objectives – to analyze the perception of Rural People towards Sanitation and utilization of Programmes, and to study the gaps in implementation of programme and asses the effectiveness of the Programme. Methods - The whole study is based on primary data. Field work was carried out with personal interviews. The study also includes analysis of secondary data. Results- The findings of the study show that, the impact of the Programme has succeeded in promoting socio-economic status of the beneficiary households than non beneficiary households. Analysis of their perception revealed that, the selection process is not fair and it would marginalize people who should be the beneficiaries. Lack of proper information about the programme is critically important factor. Conclusion- An attempt is made to put forth some suggestion for the use of policy makers, planners and administrators for future reconstruction of welfare and development Programmes.

John Keats has been, truly speaking, the most romantic among the romantic poets of the Romantic Revival movement. The youngest of the second generation of Romantic Revival poets, Keats wrote, in a short span of four years, from 1816 to 1820, three volumes of his poems which illustrate Keats' pure and rarefied romanticism. Romanticism may be defined as the intense emotions aroused by the faculty of imagination on account of the impressions, received through senses, of the world outside, of nature, of art and of human life in general. Romanticism therefore is a heightened form of imagination coupled with sensations. Keats romanticism is of this type and in his attitude towards nature, human life, and literature of the past. Keats is able to invest his intense emotions with his image-making and mythmaking powers. His poetry, a record of his sensuous and picturesque impressions of the world outside and of human passions.

Disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society. It involves widespread human, material, economic or environmental impacts, which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. A disaster is a natural or man-made hazard resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the environment. It can be defined as any tragic event stemming from events such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions. It is a phenomenon that can cause damage to life and property and destroy the economic, social and cultural life of people. Disasters are seen as the consequence of inappropriately managed risk. These risks are the product of a combination of both hazard/s and vulnerability

A well groomed, updated and awarded employee in an organization is just like a close circuit hidden camera. This sentence speaks a lot about the importance of human resource development and its increasing popularity and widely practiced character in industrial and business world. Indian Rural banking scenario is not an exception to this. Many challenging issues are being experienced in the process of HRD. Prominent among them are to include: (i) whether the expenses incurred on HRD practices and measures are to be treated as revenue expenditure or capital expenditure; (ii) how to retain the human resources once they are developed in the organization, and (iii) how to overcome the resistance shown by the employees for undergoing HRD process. Against these challenges, there is a belief among bank employees that they extend full co-operation to the HRD efforts and are ready to accept the change. Therefore, a research work entitled "Human Resource Practices In Regional Rural Banks With Special Reference To Prathma Bank In Moradabad Region” has been undertaken to know the perceptions of the bank employees in this field.

-An empirical study was conducted to understand organised nature of unorganised world of ragpicking. A sample of 200 ragpicker children in the age group of 8 to 14 years was selected from different areas of Jammu city. Results reveal that majority of the child ragpickers were as young as 8 to 10 years of age. They had mostly migrated from states namely Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to Jammu. It was found that 46% of the respondents were involved in ragpicking for less than 2 years. Majority (69%) of the rag pickers were observed to show preference for collection of all types of wastes (paper, plastic, metal and glass). On an average they gathered 3 to 6 kgs of rags and earned below Rs. 30 per day. Most (47.5%) ragpickers children did not show any preference of locality for picking waste and travelled on foot to collection destinations or through routes and carried bags of their collections on their backs. It was observed that junk dealers played an important role in motivation of children for their involvement in ragpicking. The findings highlight that children worked as ragpickers in more or less an organised manner and showed specific preferences in performing this activity

जेथे दैनिक किंवा नियमीत बाजार उपलब्ध नाही आशा ग्रामीण भागात आठवडी बाजारांचा विकास होतो. ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्थेच्या वाढ,विकास व नियोजनामध्ये आठवडी बाजार केंद्राची महत्वपुर्ण भुमिका असते.भारता सारख्या विकसनशील देशांमध्ये बाजारांचे मुख्य वैशिष्टे कालीक व अभिक्षेत्रीय अंतरामधील संबंध हे आहे. त्यामुळे आठवडी बाजाराचे अभिक्षेत्रीय व कालीक वितरणाचे ज्ञान भविष्यकालीन नियोजनकर्त्यांना असणे आवश्यक असते म्हणून तिवसा तहसिलमधील आठवडी बाजार केंद्रांच्या कलिक व अभिक्षेत्रीय वितरणाच्या प्रारूपाचे अध्ययन करण्याचा प्रयत्न केला आहे.

For the period of freedom Struggle in the motherland, women were not staying at the back. The role of women in freedom struggle is extremely significant and they also participated in Indian struggle for Independence. The Women in the brigade were certain the similar preparation seeing that it was given to men also. Still their uniform was comparable to the men warriors. In keeping with this tradition, burden of tears and toils of the long years of struggle for India's freedom was borne by the wives, mothers, and daughters, silently and cheerfully. The programme of self-imposed poverty and periodical jail going was possible only because of the willing co-operation of the family women. In the various resistance movements in the villages, the illiterate women played this passive but contributory part as comrades of their men folk.

डॉ.बाबासाहेब आंबेडकारांचा विचारामुळे Inclusive Growth ही शक्य आहे. त्यांनी संपूर्ण भारतीय समाजाचा राजकीय, सामाजिक व तात्वीक पध्दतीने अभ्यास केलेला होता. भारतीय समाजाचा आतापर्यंतच्या समस्याचे करणे व त्यातले उपायांचे चिंतन त्यांनी आयुष्यभर केलेले होते. त्याचा संखोल विचार समजने आवश्यक आहे. ते मोठे अवघडही आहे. त्यांचा विपर्यास होता कामा नये तो विचार काही इतर विचाराच्यांत अडकता कामा नये तरच खऱ्या अर्थाने Inclusive Growth होऊ शकते. अन्यता नाही.

मल्टीमीडिया मोबाईल की कार्य पद्धति और उसका प्रयोग - मोबाईल फोन जिसे सेल्यूलर फोन भी कहा जाता है एक एलेक्ट्रानिक मशीन है,जिसका प्रयोग दो पक्षीय संचार के लिए किया जाता है । जैमर कट्ज़ के शब्दों में मोबाईल लोगों के लिए एक छोटा सा homunculi बनता जा रहा है । मोबाईल अब हमारी जिंदगी की आवश्यकता के अलावा हमारे सामाजिक जीवन का भी अहम हिस्सा बन चुका है । आज लगभग सभी हाथों में मोबाईल सेट नज़र आता है । अमेरिका के टेलिकॉम एजेंसी के शोध के अनुसार दुनियाँ में जितने लोग हैं लगभग उतने हीं मोबाईल कनेक्शन हैं ।(बीबीसी हिन्दी ,13 अक्तूबर 2012) दुनियाँ की आबादी इस वक्त सात अरब है और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय टेलीकॉम यूनियन(ITU) के अनुसार 2011 तक 6 अरब मोबाईल कनेक्शन हो चुके थे और इसी रिपोर्ट में इस बात की भी पुष्टि की गई थी कि एक अरब कनेक्शन तो सिर्फ चीन में ही है । इस सर्वे में दुनियाँ के 155 देशों को शामिल किया गया था । एजेंसी के प्रमुख सुजान का कहना है कि इस शोध में लोगों के सिम कार्ड को गिना गया है मोबाईल हैंड सेट्स को नहीं ।

स्त्रियांची उघोजकता म्हणजे स्त्रियांनी स्थापन केलेले किंवा स्त्रियांकडून ज्यांचा कारभार संचलित होतो असे उघोग. भारताच्या दृष्टीकोनातून विचार केल्यास स्त्रियांची उघोजकता हे स्त्रियांच्या कर्तुत्वासाठी नव्याने उपलब्ध झालेले क्षेत्र आहे.

उक्त शोध पत्र में दमा (अस्थमा ) की बिमारी क्या है , इसके प्रकार कौन - कौन से होते है ,और इसके लक्षण क्या -क्या हैं व इसको दूर करने के यौगिक व प्राकृतिक उपचारों का विशद वर्णन किया गया है ।

भारतातील तादुंळ गहू ज्वारी बाजरी मका हरभरा तूर भुईमुग सोयाबीन सुर्यफुल कापूस आणि ऊस या पिकांच्या उत्पादनावर होणारा किमान आधारभूत किमंती पर्जन्यमान सिंचनसुविधा बियाणे पिक लागवडीखालील क्षेत्र व उत्पादकता यांचा होणारा परिणाम अभ्यासण्यासाठी सन 1991 ते 2012 या काळातील आकडेवारीचे विश्लेषण करण्यासाठी २० सॉफ्टवेअराचा सहायाने बहुचल समाश्रयण ह्यप्रतिगमनह विश्लेषण मॉडेल समरी अॅनोवा टेस्ट समाश्रयाण सहगुणक व त्याचे महत्वमुल्य या चाचण्या करण्यात आल्या आहेत.

प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र में स्मृती , कल्पनाशक्ति की संगीत में आवश्यकता और महत्ता तथा काल्पनाशक्ति का आधार 'पुर्वानुभव ' ' विशालता' ' सहृदयता और 'दु:ख ' को समझने की शक्ती आदि के संबंध में सशोधन मुलक अध्ययन किया जयेगा । स्मृती और कल्पना शक्ती का महत्व विज्ञान और कला दोनो में है । व्यवहारिक जीवन में भी कल्पना को महत्वपूर्ण स्थान दिया गया है ।

श्रीमती ताराबाई शिंदे यांनी. इ .स.1882 मध्ये लिहिलेल्या 'स्त्री - पुरुष तुलना' या पुस्तकाची कैलास पब्लिकेशन्सने काढलेली पहिली आवृती :1990 मध्ये तर दुसरी आवृती :1992 मध्ये प्रकाशित झाली. अत्यंत महत्वाचे पण दुर्लक्षित राहिलेल्या या मौलिक पुस्तकाचे कैशल्यपूर्ण संपादन नागनाथ कोत्तपल्ले यांनी केले. संपदानाचे काम अतिशय निष्ठेने आणि जाणतेपणाने झाले असल्यामुळे अचूक झाले. अचूकता हा सांपदानाचा पहिला गुण आहे .

आघ मानव आपली वस्ती नदीकाठी करीत असे. त्यामुळे त्याची पाण्याची मुलभूत गरज पूर्ण होत असे. महाराष्ट्रतही प्रथम नदीकाठीच वस्ती झाल्याचे मानववंश शास्त्रज्ञ सागतात . महाराष्ट्रात कॄष्णा , गोदावरी, पंचगंगा , कोयना इ. नद्याच्या काठी इ . स. पूर्व तिस-या व चोथ्या शतकात तेथील दाट जंगले साफ करून मानवाने वस्ती केली. १ सागंली शहर कॄष्णा नदीच्या पूर्वेस वसले असून या शहराभोवतीची जीमल काळी व सुपीक आहे.

दलित एवं निष्पोषित वर्ग की समस्या वर्तमान समय की ज्वलंत समस्यओं में से एक है परन्तु यह समस्या न केवल वर्तमान समय की समस्या है अपितू यह प्राचीन काल से विघमान रही है । यह समस्या जात - पात , ऊचॅ- नीच , अस्पृश्यता आदि पर केन्द्रित रही है, जिसमें उच्च वर्ग के लोग निम्न वर्ग को हेय दृष्टीसे दिखते है , उसे शोषित एवं प्रताडित करते है । संस्कृत रूपकों में भी दलित वर्ग की समस्याऍ यत्र - तत्र प्रात हुयी हैं |

प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र में हिन्दी और संस्कृत संज्ञाओं की पोस ( POS ) टैगिंग में आने वाली कठिनाइयों को लक्ष्य केरके कुछ समस्यायें एवं समाधानों की चर्चा की गयी है| भारतीय भाषाओं के पास टैगिंग हेतु वर्तमान में दो प्रमुख टैगसेट प्रचलन में है :माईक्रोसाफ्ट व्दारा विकसित ILPOST तथा भारतीय मानक ब्यूरो व्दारा प्रस्तावित टैगसेट।

Novels in India began to develop from the 16 century. since then novel became a viable medium to express historical consciousness. Literature is a true mirror of social history. History gets new dimention in literature. The Historical Novels have done a theoretical examination of the interaction between history and fiction. In modern times ,the novelists like Salman Rushdie and Amitav Ghosh has used Indian history extensively. The present paper aims at a study of the growth and development of historical novels and the analysis of select historical novels in Indian literature.

This article is an analysis about Brazilian Way Social Economy in the field of rainforest people sociology. It presents the cooperative work like a new model of social economy with emphasis to the work's cooperatives. This search presents a Amazon ontology of the work as a source of social being riverside people as construct of survival strategy in brazilian Amazon. The search's field was conducted in the Village called Nossa Senhora de Aparecida [Our Lady Aparecida Village], Coari City which is localized in the River Amazon bank, in the Amazon State (Brazil), In this place there is a initial work, a rural cooperative that produces food from the forest to be purchased by Amazon state. Among the first results of the search, it's clear that the rural workers of Coari Village are capable of remake the Amazon way life and work through the social economy under optical capitalists relations.

The Millets grown in Rewa district are Bajara (Pennisetumtyphoides) and Jowar (Sorghum bicolor). Cultivated and spread over the following Tehsil viz. Raipur kartulian, Mangawan, Mauganj, Sirmaur, Theonther. Millet cultivators' farmers are poor who depend on millet crops for food and fodder also. Generally these crops suffer minimum or no damage by insect pests. During the grain formation stage to harvesting stage however, a lot of birds are attracted to these crops. Rose-ringed Parakeet was found the major bird pest in study area.

Dental caries is a complex disease caused by a physiological imbalance between fluid and mineral dental biofilm (microbial cells in a matrix, favoring the use of nutritional resources available, formerly known as plaque). It is recognized that microorganisms are not only sufficient to explain it, highlighting the important role of biofilm in its development (Fejerskov, 2004). The factors associated with dental caries are oral hygiene habits, dietary patterns, social economic status, sex, age etc. Many people are totally vegetarian throughout their entire life due to some religious reasons. It gives a great opportunity to study the effect of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diet (mixed diet) over the incidence of dental caries. In the present study 90 research scholars from different departments of Annamalai University were selected and dental examination was performed to study the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth. A questionnaire was given to the students to analyze the different factors associated with the dental cares and the data was recorded. Dental caries was recorded using DMFT index. The percentage of students infected with dental caries was found to be 41.11% which is better than the national ratio of 63.4%. The results of the study emphasize the need for re-orientation of oral health services and programs to a more preventive approach.

-The paper is an attempt to understand and analyze the relationship between function/ infrastructure based hierarchy of towns and size base hierarchy of towns The main concern of this paper is to rank the towns of Gujarat in terms of infrastructure so that it can be justified whether the towns at the top of size based hierarchy shows greater infrastructure facility and towns at the bottom of hierarchy shows lower number and level of infrastructure. Composite Index method has been used to rank the towns and Scalogram method has been used to find availability of infrastructures in particular town in relation to its size. Scalogram indicates there are irregularities in the presence of infrastructure /functions in relation to the size of towns which rejects christaller's theory that larger towns (high order towns) perform high number of functions Hierarchical based analysis and construction of scalogram can be used thoroughly, the planning of towns and creating basic infrastructure like Health, Education in the lacking towns.

UN was created after the World War II to protect the coming generation from the scourge of third world war. It replaced the League of the Nations which was established in the aftermath of the world war I. US played important role in the establishment of the League of the Nation but US was not the member of the organization. Ultimately it was disbanded with outbreak of the World War II. UN was created mainly the western countries in their own way. US and its allied forces played significant role in the whole process of the origin of UN. Like other organizations UN is also dominated by the superpowers for their own national interests. Either its organs were used or it was bypassed in particular conditions by the big powers. After the end of cold war and disintegration of USSR it is totally being dominated by the US as the only superpower in a unipolar world order.

किसी भी देश के भविष्य की दिशा व दशा उसके वर्तमान तथा भूतकाल पर अवलंब होकर ही रुपाकार लेती है। भूतकालीन परिप्रेक्ष को जानने का आधार उस देश का इतिहास ही होता है। प्राचीन भारतीय इतिहास एवं संस्कृति को जानकर ही हमारे देश के मुल्यों से अवगत हो पायेगें । इन मुल्यों की नीव पर ही हमारी भावी पीढियां अपनी संस्कृति का निर्माण करेगी ।

औद्यागिक श्रमिकांचा आपला हेतु त्या सर्व श्रमिकानसाठी व्हायला पाहिजेत मोठया , छोटया व कुटीर उद्योगात कार्य करतात. पण भारतात याची व्याख्या मर्यादीत प्रमाणात केली क्षेत्रात समावून घेतले जात नाही. आपल्या देशात औद्योगिक क्षेत्रात समावून घेतले जात नाही आपल्या देशात औद्योगिक क्षेत्राची प्रगती मंद गतीने होत गेली त्यामुळे औद्योगिक श्रमीकांचा विकास सुध्दा मंद गतिने होत गेला .

Melakadambur is a village located 31 kilometers (19 miles) from Chidambaram, and can reach at 6 km from Kattumannarkoil, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for Arulmigu Amirthakateshwarar Thirukkoil, constructed during the reign of Cholas by Kulothunga Chola. The temple and the village are well known in Ponniyin Selvan history, as they are over than 1,000 years old. The Sivan temple at Melakadambur is a paadal petra thalam. This Siva Linga is Self-manifested or Swayambhu Linga. The temple is in the shape of the Rath-Car. The left wheel is stuck to the earth as Lord Vinayaka pressed it. Lord Kunjithapada Nataraja graces with Mother Sivakami in a leaning position. The life history of the celebrated saivite Nayanmars are sculpted on the wall of the main shrine. The pleasing feature is that Lord Arthanareeswara graces with Nandi the bull vehicle on the right wall while Lord Ranganatha is below. Special pujas are performed to Lord Ranganatha on Vaikunda Ekadasi day in December-January. On the back wall, Lord Vishnu graces with a Siva Linga on his hand with Sri Andal, Garudazhwar and Sri Anjaneya. Lord Muruga with his consorts Valli and Deivanai graces on the opposite side. Saint Arunagiriar has sung the praise the Lord of Muruga in this temple. Lord Gangadhara and Lord Aalinganamurthy also grace from this ghoshta walls. Lord Dakshinamurthi graces from the Vimana-tower above the sanctum sanctorum with a flute and Veena. Lord Vinayaka graces in the name of Aaravara Vinayaka.

नरेश मेहता हिन्दी के प्रसिद्ध रचनकार रहे हैं । वे सन 1942 के भारत छोडो आंदोलन में सक्रिया थे| मेहता जी गांधी जी के संपर्क में आने से उसकी विचारधारा से बहुत प्रभावित हुए थे । इसीका परिणाम है कि मेहता जी के साहित्य में गांधीजी के विचार कहीं न कहीं उपस्थित है । महात्मा गांधी जी मानवतावादी महामानव थे । उनके द्वारा स्वीकृत अहिंसा , अछूतोदधार , मानवीयता आदि तत्व गुणों को नरेश मेहता ने भी स्वीकार किया था इसलिए तो मेहता जी मानवतावादी रचनाकार के रूप में याद किये जाते हैं । महात्मा गांधी की तरह मेहता जी का भी कर्मवाद पर विश्वास था|

सध्या १० , १२ वी परीक्षेचा काळ सुरु आहे. त्या बरोबरच लगेच शाळेच्या परीक्षांचा काळ सुरु होईल . या सर्व परीक्षा कालावधीत पालकांवर प्रचंड ताण, दडपण आलेले दिसते.त्यांच्या वागण्यात बोलण्यात आणि दैनदिन व्यवहारात अप्रत्यक्ष व प्रत्येक्षपणे पाल्याच्या परीक्षेबाबत चिंता , धाकधुक प्रकर्षाने जाणवते.

-India's health care system is characterized by a pattern of mixed ownership and with different systems of medicine - Allopathy, Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy. The health sector in India comprises of private sector that mostly provides curative services and government sector that provides publicly financed and managed promotive, preventive and curative health services.Development of a country or a state is not on papers but it can be judged from the wellbeing of its citizens. India is a vast country of 1.25 billion populations residing in 29 states and six union territories. Proper mechanism to address basic needsand amenities of the people has been a challenging area forthe governments both at centers and states. There is no clearcut policy for the e–health implementations because India hasLarge geographical area, increase population density, lack oftransport, inaccessibility, illiteracy, poverty, poor nutritionalstatus, diversity in food habit and life style are variousimpediments. Paper will focus on the Present scenario ofe-Health in selected provinces of India. In this paper descriptiveresearch methodology has been used for highlighting the majorissues of e-Health implementation.

Traditionally, women in Indian society suffer from various social and cultural handicaps and it is felt that unless the women are sufficiently empowered, the socio-economic development may be difficult to achieve; centuries old social practices, beliefs, attitudes and biases – against the women may be difficult to overcome in a short period of time. Education is a milestone for women empowerment as it will be used as an agent of basic change in the status of women. It was said that education is one of the most important means of empowering women with the knowledge, skills and self-confidence necessary and to ensure equal participation in the development process for economic independence. Educating women benefits the whole society women are almost half the working force and therefore must be tapped as a human resource.

This paper presents a construct and model of the organizational spirituality in effectively managing organizational change. During the last two decades, interest in the field of workplace spirituality has continued to grow in the organizational management. Highly effective organizations exhibit strengths across five areas like leadership, decision making and structure, people, work processes and systems, and culture. Personal effectiveness of spirituality at work. In this paper, I discuss the relevance of personal effectiveness Theory to examine the faddish nature of the organizational spirituality discourse. With the increase in ‘spiritual personal effectiveness’. The research and ideas shared here explore these areas in depth, providing useful resources for leaders looking to improve the personal effectiveness of their organizations

A non –empty set D Í V of a graph G is a dominating set of G if every vertex in V-D is adjacent to some vertex in D. The domination number g(G) is the minimum cardinality taken over all the minimal dominating sets of G. If V-D contains a dominating set D1 then D1 is called the Inverse dominating set of G w.r.to D. The Inverse dominating number g 1 (G) is the minimum cardinality taken over all the minimal inverse dominating sets of G. An independent dominating set D of a IFG G=(V,E) is a split independent dominating set if the induced fuzzy subgraph< V-D > is disconnected .The minimum fuzzy cardinality of a split independent dominating set is called a split independent domination number and is denoted by gspiif (G).

-Indian cities are crowded with organized retail malls. This gradually changed the consumption pattern of the growing middle class in India. Easy availability of consumer durable loans from the organized retail malls also contributed to this change. Recent study by RBI noticed an increase in the consumer durable loans extended by banks. But NBFCs are prominent players in this field. In the study area (Pimpri-Chinchwad area) nearly 30 to 40% of total monthly purchase from the malls has been financed by the NBFCs. Reduction in the credit card purchase also indicates the popularity of consumer durable loans. The growth pattern of Bajaj Finance and Tata Capital, the two prominent NBFCs in consumer durable loan, shows an upward trend over the years. The NBFCs-non-deposit taking are subject to minimal regulations from RBI. NBFCs directly offers consumer durable loans the from renowned organized retail outlets such as Crome, Vijay Sales etc

Studies on freshwater free living protozoa has been proved to be important in their applications as bioindicator species, biomonitoring agents in wastewater treatments and defining the climatic and paleoclimatic conditions. Biodiversity of free-living freshwater protozoa has been studied from water bodies around Wai Dist. Satara which is important part of Western Ghats of Maharashtra. Protozoan biodiversity in freshwater bodies around Wai (Dist Satara, M.S. India) was investigated. The totals of 3 classes’ 96 protozoa species were identified. Of these, Mastigophora (21 species) followed by Sarcodina (36 species), the majority (39 species), belong to the Ciliophora have been recorded. Most of the protozoans were photographed under Trinocular microscope at 40X x 2MP.

-Rabhas are one of the important but little known scheduled tribe community residing in a pocket located in the northeastern corner of India, known for their unique customs, tradition and beliefs. Rabhas have gained enormous popularity for their unique and distinct social customs and traditions and have become the subject of great interest among geographers, sociologists and researchers all over the globe. They reside mainly in Kamrup and Goalpara districts of Assam and Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri districts of West Bengal. They like to dwell in small villages. They have many significant habitual practices with conspicuous ethnic and linguistic characters. They can be parted into two groups on the basis of their occupancy like: the forest dwelling Rabhas and the village dwelling Rabhas. Of these, the later group has intermingled with other racial clusters prevalent in this geographical setting and has undergone acculturation. On the other hand, the former group still practices rudimentary rituals and customs pertaining to them. This paper envisage an overall picture of the livelihood patterns of the Rabhas with special emphasis on their age- old customs and traditions followed by them.

:-In Goa, the formal institutionalized Co-operative movement in Goa began with the establishment of the first Co-operative on November 17, 1962. On the same day, post of the Registrar of Co-operative Societies was created and subsequently, the Co-operative Department was set up. The Maharashtra Co-operative Societies Act of 1960 was modified to a certain extent and was made applicable to the Union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu. Since 1962, the number and types of Cooperative Societies have significantly increased. By the end of 2004-05, there was 2148 Societies with a total membership of 8, 00,116. The largest numbers of Co-operatives are found in housing sector followed by the Credit Co-operatives. In 2005, there were 366 Urban Credit Societies. At present there are about 63 Employees Co-operative Credit Societies in South Goa district of Goa. Though there has been quantitative growth of Employees Co-operative Credit Societies its qualitative performance is far from satisfactory.

स्वस्थ पर्यावरण चाहे वह प्राकृतिक हो या मानवीकृत पर्यटन के लिए एक आधारभूत संरचना है! परन्तु उन स्थलो पर पर्यटन के प्रारंभ होते ही वे बिगडने लगते है क्योकी पर्यटको की सुविधा को ही प्राथमिकता दि जाती है! जिसके फलस्वरूप अधिकांश पर्यटन स्थलो पर नकारात्मक प्रभाव पडने लगता है! अत: पर्यटन के बढते चरण तथा पर्यावरण हास्य से बचने के लिए प्राकृतिक पर्यटन को प्रोसाहित करना आवश्यक है क्योकी इसका सीधा प्रभाव समाज, संस्कृति, शिक्षा, तथा देश के आर्थिक पक्ष पर पडता है|

भारतीय कृषि में अपार सभ्भावनाएं हैं । इन्ही सभ्भावनाओं का पूर्ण दोहन करने के लिए निजी कम्पनियों ने कृषि क्षेत्र में प्रवेश किया है| पिछले कुछ सालों से भारत में निजी क्षेत्र की कम्पनियों ने रिटेल स्टोर्स खोलकर फसलों की खरीद फरोखत शुरू की है । बहुत सी कम्पनियां ऐसी भी हैं जो किसानों से उनकी फसल खेत से ही खरीद रही है| इस प्रकार किसानों को एक बेहतर बाजार उपलब्ध हुआ है और फसल के दाम भी बेहतर मिलने सम्भव हुए हैं । साथ ही साथ ढूलाई और यातायात जैसी समस्याओं से छुटकर मिला है ।

The Indian Tourism Industry has flourished in the past few years, significantly contributing to the nation's Development, Gross Domestic Product, Foreign Exchange Earnings and Employment. India with her enriched beauty is unambiguously one of the most viable candidates for promoting tourism. Since the past few years, Government of India has undertaken various measures to promote tourism. Tourism is growth oriented industry with its impact on the employment and foreign exchange potential of the country. Thispaper analyses the changes in number of tourist arrivals from 1997 to 2012, increase in economic growth and the development of tourism. The number of tourist arrivals is directly proportional to the economic growth. India witnessed a grand total of 6.58 million Foreign Tourist Arrivals with annual growth rate of 4.3% in 2012. It is the second largest foreign exchange earner in India recording estimated earnings of 94487 Crore in 2011-2012. With world tourist arrivals expected to increase by 43 million every year on an average from 2010 to 2030. The domestic tourism is also a major factor which is contributing to the growth in tourism sector.

Education is one of the most important means of Empowering women with the knowledge, skills and self-confidence necessary to participate fully in the development process." —ICPD Programme of Action, paragraph 4.2 Education is important for everyone, but it is especially significant for girls and women. This is true not only because education is an entry point to other opportunities, but also because the educational achievements of women can have ripple effects within the family and across generations. Investing in girls' education is one of the most effective ways to reduce poverty. An investment in secondary school education for girls yields especially high dividends. Girls who have been educated are likely to marry later and to have smaller and healthier families. Educated women can recognize the importance of health care and know how to seek it for themselves and their children. Education helps girls and women to know their rights and to gain confidence to claim them. However, women's literacy rates are significantly lower than men's in most developing countries. This article deals in detail about the various perspectives of Women Empowerment through Education.

Three D-modeling has been the privilege of architects and engineers. But, the usage of 3-D modeling is no longer limited to design and engineering details. It is being used by urban planners in decision making and visual representation. The usage of 3-D model is primarily for the purpose of visual analysis like shadow analysis, line-of sight, building density, etc. The rapid urbanization process is brining such indicators a new importance, where the city is not only expanding horizontally but vertically too. The free availability of software like Sketch-up and Google Earth has brought the idea and art of making 3-D model to urban planners and non-technical person in particular. It helps in refining the spatial analysis process in ArcGIS.

G-Project Procurement for Industry means Building Practice made perfect. Reviewing the Green Project Procurement and Development globally, Green Project Procurement has been one of the fastest growths in Industry during the last decade. It is hard to format from 'Green Project Procurement for Industry' into work and the present Green Project Procurement of Industry, in particular. It is grave on Green Project Procurement for Industry presently. This research, through statistics in Hong Kong and China (Asia) and Europe identifies ways to implement Green Project Procurement for Industry. There is a demand in expediting our culture of diversifying traditional Green Project Procurement. E-learning is a modern approach away from traditional Industry.

The present study was conducted in selected colleges of Jammu. sample of 200 students was selected through random sampling technique. A self devised questionnaire was used for data collection. Finding revealed that majority of students 83% male and 89% female students were aware about legal aspect of female foeticide.Further results indicates that newspaper and television are the main sources to get information regarding legal aspect of female foeticide.

In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse distribution of scheduled caste population in Solapur district. This study is based on secondary data collected from secondary records. History of Scheduled Castes has no history of their own. They have been marginalised as objects of the state rather than being treated as the subjects. they are treated as targets of philanthropic and social work rather than citizens of a nation who have equal rights as other citizen to all the benefits that are given to them as worthy citizens. Instead, they have been pushed around and subjugated and exploited at every point in their life. Thus, their status needs to be uplifted and all the atrocities meted out against them, put to an end.

The objective of this paper is to examine the approach of female respondents who are the employer for the one or two maidservants for different domestic work in different prabhag in the Solapur city . Domestic workers in India are routinely harassed and exploited by their employers, despite several steps taken by the government to improve their lot. Unless there is change in attitudes, no improvement in their working conditions is possible (Kalpana Sharma 2009).

-Arvind Adiga was born on 23,oct 1974 – A writer – journalist – His debut novel 'The White Tiger' ,won 2008 , Man Booker Prize. Born in Madras to Dr. Madhav and Usha Adiga, studied in Canara High School, Columbia College and University in New-York and graduated in 1997. Arvind Adiga's 'The White Tiger' provides a dark comical view of modern day life through the Protagonist 'Balram Halwai'.He was a Journalist (Financial Times).At present he is living in India (Mumbai). Arvind Adiga is the fourth writer to win the Man Booker Prize, after Sulman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy and Kiran Desai. Arvind Adiga has crafted with clarity the social, political, religious and cultural differences of the Indian Economy. The Title' The White Tiger' is the Nick Name of Balram and he names his Taxi Company' The White Tiger Drivers'.

-Arvind Adiga was born on 23,oct 1974 – A writer – journalist – His debut novel 'The White Tiger' ,won 2008 , Man Booker Prize. Born in Madras to Dr. Madhav and Usha Adiga, studied in Canara High School, Columbia College and University in New-York and graduated in 1997. Arvind Adiga's 'The White Tiger' provides a dark comical view of modern day life through the Protagonist 'Balram Halwai'.He was a Journalist (Financial Times).At present he is living in India (Mumbai). Arvind Adiga is the fourth writer to win the Man Booker Prize, after Sulman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy and Kiran Desai. Arvind Adiga has crafted with clarity the social, political, religious and cultural differences of the Indian Economy. The Title' The White Tiger' is the Nick Name of Balram and he names his Taxi Company' The White Tiger Drivers'.

The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2013, commonly known as CHOGM 2013, was the twenty-third meeting of the heads of government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka between 15 and 17 November 2013, and was hosted by that country's President, Mahinda Rajapakshe. The meeting was overshadowed by controversy over Sri Lanka's human rights record and alleged during the final stages of the civil war. The meeting was boycotted by the Canadian, Indian and Mauritian prime ministers. This was the first time in 40 years that Queen Elizabeth II, the Head of the Commonwealth, was not present at the CHOGM.

समस्या परिचय : कार्टून…. यह ज्योंहि नजरों के सामने आता है,एक व्यंग्य के साथ हमें हंसने का मौका दे जाता है|हम सांसें थाम कर उसके संदेश को समझने की कोशिश करते हैं । आखिर एक कार्टून में हजार शब्दों से भी अधिक का भाव छिपा होता है| बहुत ही सहजता के साथ पूरी व्यवस्था पर व्यंग करते हुए न केवल सरकार का ध्यान इस ओर आकृष्ट करवाता है, बल्कि आम जनता का ज्ञानवर्धन भी कराता है । स्वस्थ लोकतंत्र में कार्टून आज कितना मायने रखता है, यह पिछले दिनों भी दिखा ।

his paper aims at reviewing the studies conducted on quality of life of the victims of HIV/AIDS. It also emphasizes the major factors that affect the victim's quality of life. The assessment of quality of life makes us understand how people's lives are affected by HIV infection. Improving the quality of life (QOL) is a central issue to the care and support of people living with HIV/AIDS (WHO and UNAIDS. 2000). A good number of research studies, literatures and reports were explored and reviewed to ascertain and conceptualize the quality of life of the HIV/AIDS patients. It was inferred that the stigma, unemployment, depression, anxiety, stress, substance abuse, cultural beliefs, feeling of shyness and shame, lack of support from family, friends and community, poor social exclusion, parental neglect, death of a spouse, elevated levels of loneliness, daytime sleepiness, social bicot, greater fear of the future, physical abuse, physical pain, fatigue, viral load, Taking ART, CD4 count etc.

his paper aims at reviewing the studies conducted on quality of life of the victims of HIV/AIDS. It also emphasizes the major factors that affect the victim's quality of life. The assessment of quality of life makes us understand how people's lives are affected by HIV infection. Improving the quality of life (QOL) is a central issue to the care and support of people living with HIV/AIDS (WHO and UNAIDS. 2000). A good number of research studies, literatures and reports were explored and reviewed to ascertain and conceptualize the quality of life of the HIV/AIDS patients. It was inferred that the stigma, unemployment, depression, anxiety, stress, substance abuse, cultural beliefs, feeling of shyness and shame, lack of support from family, friends and community, poor social exclusion, parental neglect, death of a spouse, elevated levels of loneliness, daytime sleepiness, social bicot, greater fear of the future, physical abuse, physical pain, fatigue, viral load, Taking ART, CD4 count etc.

-Indian society is an amalgam of diverse cultures and so are the Indian classrooms. Learners from diverse cultures bring the vast repertoire of traditional and indigenous knowledge of their culture to the classrooms (Snively & Corsiglia, 2000). They come to schools with their own fund of knowledge built upon the stories, beliefs, customs, folklore, value systems, history, language and perspectives owned by their respective cultures. The learner, with already having his/her own baggage of culture, has to interact with the culture of school science, which is in nothing but the culture of scientific community itself. In such case, learners are forced to abandon or marginalise their own worldviews to internalise a different way of conceptualising about events and processes happening around them. They might feel alienated in a science classroom where the science pedagogy is oriented to the typical western modern science (Ogawa, 1995). In other words, traditional science content reflects a western sub-culture which aboriginal children find difficult to comprehend (Aikenhead, 1996, 1997).

Akbar, in full Abu al – Fateh Jalal al – din Muhammad Akbar ( 1542-1605), greatest of the Mughal emperor of India, who extended Mughal power over most of the Indian subcontinent. In order to preserve the unity of his empire. He adopted programs that won the royalty of the non –Muslim populations of his realm. He reformed and strengthened his central administration and also centralized his financial system and reorganized tax collection processes. Illiterate himself, he encouraged scholars, poets, painters and musicians making his court a centre of culture. In his childhood, he came in contract with Sufism and from 1542, for eighteen long years, he made annual pilgrimage to the shrine of shaike Muinuddin chisti at Ajmer. His Rajput views, his Hindu officials like Todarmal, Birbal and Man Singh, Scholars like faizi and Abul fazl and the Bhakti movement of the Sixteen century helped in moulding his religious views. His developed a passionate love for philosophical discussions and spiritual quest, which led to the foundation of the Ibadatkhana ( Hall of Worship) at Fatehpur Sikri. Religious policy of Akbar was that of complete toleration. His policy was based on the principle of universal peace.

Sustainability means meeting the needs of present generation without compromising the abilities and opportunities of future generation. The concept of sustainable development encompasses economic, ecological and social parameters. Sustainable development has economic growth, human development and resources management as its central goals. Any holistic model of sustainable development should take into account the three-fold transformation of human individual, human society and the cosmos. Transformation and regeneration of human individuals is the first and foremost requirement of sustainable development. It stands for development of all dimensions of human personality-physical, mental, intellectual, moral and spiritual. MGNREGA with its inter-sectoral approach opens- up opportunities for convergence with sustainable development.MGNREGA's main features such as strengthening democracy, encouraging natural resource management, preventingmigration, transforming rural economic and social relations, potentialities to improve health status etc. All these features of MGNREGA are working as an essential tool for sustainable development.

ltimately affects on the productivity. No organization would like to ignore the factors affecting job satisfaction. Therefore the researchers have conducted a study to find the actual percentage of satisfied workers because of satisfactory pay structure in the Pimpri-Chinchwad industrial area. The questionnaire was responded by 398 respondents although the questionnaire was distributed to500 respondents. 10 medium scale and 4 large scale industries were considered to locate the respondents. Mean, S.D, SPSS and other statistical tools were used to analyze and interpret the data. It was found that only 44% workers are satisfied with the present pay and perks they receive and rest of the 56% workers are not satisfied. The results are very surprising especially in very leading industrial area like PCMC. However the situation is alarming and the necessary remedial steps are to be taken by the stakeholders.

-The interference and impact of mother language alongwith other regional languages gives English the form of a Pidgin and a Creole in India. It becomes a strange mixture of linguistic features of many languages being in a close contact with multiple languages for a longer time. Indian English many a times becomes inintelligible to the world or the nativelisteners of English. The Indian speakers of English mostly fail to acquire RP model of English in spite of the fact that we the Indians are taught and practiced the RP model of English in our schools, colleges and the universities for years.. English,at present, after over the years, we see beingconverted into an unphonetic language.. Along with this it is often seen that there is the breakage of the link between the speech sounds and the spellings. The fact that most of the Indian languages are generally phonetic creates a hurdle in the learning and usage of proper pronunciations in English for the Indian speakers of English. The Indian speakers of English tend to replace English sounds by the sounds of Indian regional languages associated with. The same goes with the acceptance of accentual patterns of the mother tongue replacing the English accentual pattern.The use of weak forms is absent in the usage of Indian speakers of English that results in making the speech slower. The Indian speakers of English tend to use the intonation pattern wrongly or rather in an Indinised way creating inintelligibility.

-The interference and impact of mother language alongwith other regional languages gives English the form of a Pidgin and a Creole in India. It becomes a strange mixture of linguistic features of many languages being in a close contact with multiple languages for a longer time. Indian English many a times becomes inintelligible to the world or the nativelisteners of English. The Indian speakers of English mostly fail to acquire RP model of English in spite of the fact that we the Indians are taught and practiced the RP model of English in our schools, colleges and the universities for years.. English,at present, after over the years, we see beingconverted into an unphonetic language.. Along with this it is often seen that there is the breakage of the link between the speech sounds and the spellings. The fact that most of the Indian languages are generally phonetic creates a hurdle in the learning and usage of proper pronunciations in English for the Indian speakers of English. The Indian speakers of English tend to replace English sounds by the sounds of Indian regional languages associated with. The same goes with the acceptance of accentual patterns of the mother tongue replacing the English accentual pattern.The use of weak forms is absent in the usage of Indian speakers of English that results in making the speech slower. The Indian speakers of English tend to use the intonation pattern wrongly or rather in an Indinised way creating inintelligibility.