Abstract:Guptan community is part and parcel of the earliest social strata in Kerala. It's predominantly confined to Palakkad district. Apart from sharing borders with Malappuram and Thrissur districts in Kerala, Palakkad shares state borders with Coimbatore and Nilgiri districts of Tamil Nadu. Kurinji, Palai and Mullai are found in abundance 1in the district . It's also the largest district and a historically important place, located between north latitude 100200 and 110140 and east longitude 760020 and 760540.

Abstract:Monsoon is a great cause of concern in Indian subcontinent affecting lives of millions of people in India. For rain (monsoon) forecast several traditional and modern models are existing. These models of monsoon forecast contain certain limitation. This study throws a light on an age old method of rain forecast given by Krishiparashara its indicators and verification of one of the important indicator. The research findings show that there is a close relation between Friday as the first day of the bright fortnight of the month Chaitra in Hindu calendar and poor monsoon performance.

Abstract:To teach the skill of speaking is to teach the learners to produce English sounds correctly using vocabulary in grammatically correct sentences coherently and fluently. Learners are to use English confidentially. It is imperative for teachers to use methods and techniques to kindle interaction in the second language classroom. Speaking has a crucial place in second language learning and teaching. Task based language teaching will encourage students to communicate in English fluently and effectively. Teachers must provide maximum opportunity to students to speak the target language through a rich environment that contains collaborative work, authentic materials and tasks, and shared knowledge. This is an experimental study and the investigator has devised few spoken English strategies to enhance the spoken English of prospective teachers. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of using spoken English strategies effectively to enhance the spoken English of prospective teachers.

Abstract:The significance of role of code switching and code mixing in classrooms where medium of instruction is second/foreign language is approved reality. Observations of bilingual/multilingual classrooms show that teachers use code switching and code mixing in different situations for different purposes. This study aims at knowing the functions of CS (code switching) and CM (code mixing), use teachers in classrooms and the significance of the functions. The data for this study would be collected from teachers, teaching at intermediate level, of government and private colleges, using survey technique. The data would be analyzed statistically using SPSS software. The finding of this study would develop awareness about the use of CS and CM in bilingual classrooms. This study is significant as it would create flexibility in teaching methodologies of teachers.

Abstract: Introduction: This study was conducted in order to determine the immediate changes occurred on hematological levels during anaerobic to aerobic exercise of male Interuniversity players. Methods: Six male cricket players with an average age of 22.16±1.85 years participated in this study on voluntary basis. Hematological levels of the players were analyzed just after 400m running (R4) and after the 1000m running (R1) in a continue course. In order to determine hematological levels, blood samples with 5 ml EDTA were taken from the forearm ante-cubical area before and after running, and erythrocyte, leucocytes and blood platelet parameters were analyzed in laboratory with using auto-analyzers. Result: Measurement results were presented as average and standard deviation. Student T-test for dependant samples was used in order to make a comparison between R4 and R1 values. P<-0.01 value was considered to be significant. The result of the study revealed that, the decrease in R4 than R1 values for Hemoglobin, MCH, MCHC and the increase in PCV, Platelet were found significant. Conclusion: Conclusively, the erythrocyte indices become decrease and numbers of platelets were increase as the changes of hematological parameters during anaerobic to aerobic exercise in continue single course.

Abstract:A parenting style is a psychological construct representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing. Parents create their own style from a combination of factors, and these may evolve over time as the children develop their own personalities and move through life's stages. A total sample of 210 children in the age group of 8-10 years were chosen for the study which was equally divided among 3 different schools i.e. Municipal, Private, & Aided with the help of purposive sampling. Aself- structured questionnaire was prepared on children's perception on parenting styles with 10 hypothetical statements. The tool was validated and the reliability of the tool was found Father: r = 0.979, Mother: r= 0.983. The data was quantitatively analyzed. The findings indicate that the schooling background doesn't affect the parenting styles. Most of the parents use authoritative parenting styles, want their children to be responsive and mature, they develop a sense of independence in their children, but still have limits and consequences.

Abstract:Gandhian management is based on Gandhian philosophy of love, truth and nonviolence. His philosophy is integrated with his principles and practices that add to new dimension to the fields of management. It is essential to understand his qualities of management style. It is for the betterment of the country and business to interpret and adopt these principles correctly. In the first part we shall study various Gandhian principle of management. In the Second part efforts are made to compare these principles with modern management streams. In the age of globalization, if anybody talks about ethical management and code of conduct, then it is not so easy to implement the same. This is because ethical management and value-based management requires clear-cut base of ethics and values. Even today business gurus are talking about Gandhiji's principles, to consider Gandhiji as role model of nation. But application of Gandhiji's principles in today's management is a matter of discussion or debate.

Abstract:Children feel stress long before they grow up. Many children have to cope with family conflict, divorce, constant changes in schools, neighbourhood and child care arrangements, peer pressure and sometimes even violence in their homes or communities. The impact of a stressor depends on the academic achievement of students. It is the stress which does not allow students to perform well in classroom situation, the study objectives The objectives tested in this part of the study are as under 1. To study the differences in scores of academic achievement between the students possessing different levels of stress belonging to different socio-economic status and sex. 2. To study the nature of interaction between stress and socio-economic status, stress and sex, and among stress, socioeconomic status and sex when academic achievement was taken as a dependent variable. The study reveals that students belonging to High Socio-economic Status are academically sound as compared to their counterparts while as when male and female students compared together they have an equal chance of being academically sound or poor. This reveals that when stress and sex, and SES and Sex taken jointing they do effect on dependent variable i.e. academic achievement.

Abstract:The play Macbeth is a fine example for failure which is caused by several agencies namely tragic flaw of the hero, fate, chance and accident, the ethos of the culture and in a way hero himself is responsible for his fall. The article examines how all these forces, within Macbeth and outside Macbeth, work against him and make him taste and succumb to failure. The “Jonah” of the theatre, as the play is called, depicts how Macbeth expatiates upon what he cannot cease from doing. His partner in crime and life, Lady Macbeth is peerless alike in triumph and in defeat. The present article is also a study in knowing how Lady Macbeth, being the stronger partner in the beginning becomes weak later and Macbeth, weaker partner in the beginning becomes strong at the end and how it brings a change in their lives.

Abstract:The aerial environment of the earth has been increasingly interfered by the activities of human beings and virtually it has become the bumping site for toxic materials produced by industrial, vehicular and urban emissions. We have introduced several toxic materials to our environment at a tremendous speed that has changed its physicchemical characteristics. The assumption that the “ nature will take care of pollutants” do not hold good anymore since the pollutants at present vary greatly in their quality as well as quantity. Throughout Asian air pollution is a significant threat to human health and the environment and our city is not the exception to this. Use of fossil fuel in transport, industrial, commercial and household sector contributes significant towards the air pollution. Solid waste disposal and its open burning also add air pollutants. In addition to gases, particles coming from variety of sources- vehicles, factories, construction sites, tilled fields, un-paved roads, stone crushers, burning of wood and fossil fuels also pollute the air. An average urban vehicle releases approximately 30-40 mg of particulate matter per mile travel. Forest fires and the contribution of biomass fuels also add pollutants.

Abstract:Every tribal society irrespective of its folk and urban cultural elements would have been disappeared, had if not been recognized the notion of health Seeking behaviour. Siddhis in the state are small, homogeneous, typical language and isolated human group. According to the Bombay Gazetteer the Siddhis were escaped from Goa from their masters and settled in India and Yellapur Talukas, Uttar-Kannada District. They are described as having a black skin, curly hair, sloping forehead and thick lips. The people known as Khaphris are Goan Catholic Christians. They speak Konkani and are described as Siddhis in physical appearance. The Sidamo tribe in Africa practiced circumcision and grew a tuft of hair on the head. These practices in India continued among the Siddhis. This article deals with beliefs and practices, related to Siddhis with regard to their food patterns, ideas regarding hygiene, community sanitation and their concepts about illness and associated beliefs, their notions about supernatural and spirits as well as treatment in seeking behaviour. Explanation given on the above aspects is an attempt to make holistic approach towards the idea of understanding the knowledge, attitudes, Perceptions and practices relating to the overall health seeking behavioral system of Siddhis of Uttar - Kannada District in Karnataka state.

Abstract:The analysis of women's activities within family is still sat somewhat on the periphery of the discipline of economics. Though some discussion has made, but has not been found satisfactory for dealing with the issues in developing economics. Marxist-feminist has moved towards accepting the importance of looking inside the family. Women of contemporary India are both family provider and bread winner. Therefore a details discussion on their status in society is very much needed issue. However, neither the family nor its reproductive behaviour is static in any society. This is also applicable for market. Their nature changes radically during the process of social evolution. Each society constructs a set of social, cultural, economical, political and legal processes that is crucial for supporting its institution, like family and market.

Abstract:The study was conducted to investigate the distillery yeast biomass inclusion in broiler diets to replace market meal. Hence a trial study was carried out to utilize the distillery industries yeast biomass waste as a supplementary diet for broiler chicks. broiler starter and finisher diets were prepared in mash form using 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels of distillery yeast biomass replacing market meal. Ten day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into five experimental treatments, each treatment contained three broiler chicks. Maximum growth performance broiler chicks fed diet containing 25% and 50% distillery yeast biomass. Feed cost per kg live weight gain decreased significantly as the level of distillery yeast biomass was increased in the diet. The study revealed that effects of feeding different levels of distillery yeast biomass can be used successfully in broiler diets up to the level of 50% without any adverse effect on broiler's performance.

Abstract:Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability in the countries of Asia. Prospective, hospital-based study for AES/JE in all the age group was undertaken for 5 years (January 2008– October 2012) in lakhimpur district of Assam. A total of 217 (Two hundred and Seventeen) nos of AES suspected cases were found from different areas of North Lakhimpur District of Assam out of which 54 (fifty four) nos of patients expired. Serological diagnostic test revealed that 66 (Sixty six) nos of cases were found to be positive for JE IgM antibodies. 12 (Twelve) no of JE positive patients expired during last five years. Most of the AES cases were observed between the age ranges of 6-30 years. Males were highly affected with AES as compared to females. A positive correlation was found between the nos of occurrence of AES/JE cases and monthly rainfall. The prevalence trends of AES/JE cases were found to an unsteady pattern.

Abstract:The contemporary 'state' of political geography in India is a mere reflection of a legacy, or a heritage that the founding fathers of modern Indian geography, trained in the western philosophy, methodology of geography, had laid down soon after their arrival in the country after obtaining higher professional degree in the discipline. There was no scope for political geography to be put into the curricula of geography that they prepared for their respective departments where they were posted.

Abstract:“Kakanasa” an Ayurvedic drug used as emetic, and controls edema, haemorrhaids, vitiligo and other skin diseases is formulated with plant (root, stem, leaves) extracts of Asclepias curassvica. Because of number of factors the botanical specimens were adultered or contaminated and these adulterations can potentially alter the results in clinicals and reports causing suitable variations to have effects on quality, efficacy of these botanical supplements: we focused pharmacognostical studies of original specimen Asclepias curassavica which gets changed and substituted with other taxon Dicliptera paniculata in formulations of Ayurvedic drugs. Comparative pharmacognostic evaluation of fine powdered whole parts of Asclepias curassavica and Dicliptera paniculata for ash analysis, organoleptic characters, fluorescent analysis were undertaken. Comparative monograph of selected taxa depicted that showed larger variations in plant (root, stem, leaf, powder microscopy) anatomy and pharmacognostical evaluation. Our investigations showed that it is vital that authenticity of botanical materials in ayurvedic drug market should be focused.

Abstract:Corrosion is one of the worst enemies of an industry like a cancer cell it often slowly develops for many years and remains undetected. When observed it is too late to eliminate it and mend the damages causes by it. Corrosion has impacts on the economy directly,in the form of replacement costs of equipment and corroded structures and indirectly, as maintenance and operating cost due to failures and shut down of equipment, structures, pipe lines and through contaminating the products and affecting the safety and reliability. Corrosion problems in industries are more serious as they are using a wide variety of corrosive chemicals like chlorine, chlorine dioxide, sulphides, alum, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulphamic acid, and hypochlorite and generating several other similar corrosive substances as reaction products at various stages. Objective: To analyze different effluent sample from different industries for their physical and chemical characteristics. To study the corrosion of metals agents different types of effluent water samples and measure corrosion rate for selected metals using immersion test method for different time period. Methods: The physical and chemical parameters were analyzed as per APHA. Results: It gives positive results towards all three different effluent samples towards for metals similarly copper, mild steel, aluminum, and zinc. Conclusions: Therefore, an attempt was made to determine the corrosion rate of metals (mild steel, aluminum, copper, and zinc) as they are still used in various industries where effluents are acidic in nature and show highest corrositivity

Abstract:Probiotics means live microorganisms that have beneficial effects on their host's health. Although probiotic strains can be isolated from many sources; for fish applications the main criteria is animal origin. Atotal of 15 milk samples (05 each from Cow, Buffalo and Goat) were analyzed. Out of these 11 isolates were identified as prominent probiotics, among them 3 isolates each from Cow, Buffalo and Goat were excellent probiotics. The probiotic properties of the isolated and bacteria from commercial sources were confirmed by performing seven different tests e.g. Catalase test, bacteriocin assay, ,organic acid production study, resistance to acidic conditions, tolerance to bile, auto aggregation study and co-aggregation study. The collective score of all probiotic properties was used to determine its probiotic potential which was compared with probiotic potential of bacteria from commercial probiotic preparations. The isolated bacteria exhibited excellent probiotic characteristics. Study suggested that use of these isolated probiotic bacteria can be a remedy to treat the bacterial infections in aquaculture, because infectious diseases are the biggest problem in aquaculture and every year several infections are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality of fishes and lead to commercial loss for aquaculture business.

Abstract:“Teacher education refers to the totality of educative experiences which contribute to the preparation of a person for a teaching position in schools”. The term is commonly employed to refer to the programme of courses and other experiences offered by an educational institution for the specific purpose of enhancing the competence and performance of persons who choose teaching profession. These teacher education programmes are generally offered in the colleges of education, teacher training institutes and universities. Teacher education programmes equip the teacher's in educational psychology, methodology of teaching and techniques of evaluation. The effectiveness of teaching in the institutions is directly related to the training obtained in teacher education institutions. The progress of nation, the attitude and achievement of the individual, teacher competence and performance are closely interlinked. The basis for derived output in all there an area lies in the quality of teacher education imparted to the teachers. Teacher education, therefore, has to change, adopt and adapt new techniques and methods to keep pace with the changing concepts of learning and education. Innovations in teacher education are due to the researches on teaching and teacher effectiveness during the seventies and eighties.

Abstract:Financial analysis is done to evaluate capability, stability and profitability of a company. It is done through various financial ratios calculated from the financial statements of a company. Financial analysis helps investors to appraise whether they should invest in a particular company or not. The main objective of this study is to analyze the financial position of Bharti Airtel from the investors' point of view. It is done through various ratios calculated through financial statements of company for the period from 2005 to 2012. There are various tools and techniques of financial analysis out of these techniques Investigator has used ratio analysis for the analysis of financial statements of Bharti Airtel based on the secondary data including balance sheet and profit and loss account . Investigator has calculated various types of liquidity ratio, activity ratio and profitability ratio which helped to analyze and interpret real profit and liquidity position of the company. BHARTI AIRTELhas the largest market share from subscriber and revenue based in the telecom sector.

Abstract:The present study deals with the bathymetric mapping and sub-bottom profiling of Punem Lake, a shallow perennial water body, located at the northern part of the Thoubal district, Manipur. To achieve the goal an extensive survey of the lake is done using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) consisting of 52 profiles with a total length of 8308m. Using RadExplorer the GPR profiles are processed to obtain the depth of the lake bottom which is later on used in generating the bathymetry of the lake using Discover surface module of the MapInfo. GPR provides high resolution images and the profiles are processed to successfully image discontinuities of the depth range upto 6 meters. Deep horizontal continuous line, hyperbolic curve and shallow chaotic reflection are the primary features imaged by GPR in the lake.

A B ST R A C T. Wheat area and production in India data for the period of 1950-51 to 2011-12 were analyzed by time series methods. Auto Correlation Function (ACF) and Partial Auto Correlation Function (PACF) were calculated for the data. Appropriate Box-Jenkins Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was fitted. Validity of the model was tested using standard statistical techniques.ARIMA (1, 1, 1) and ARIMA (1, 1, 0) model were used to forecast area and production in India for five leading years. The results also shows area forecast for the year 2015 to be about 31.46 thousand hectare with upper and lower limit 34.25 and 31.46 thousand hectares respectively. The model also shows Wheat production forecast for the year 2015 to be about 97.73 thousand tonnes with upper and lower limit 107.55 and 87.92 thousand tonnes respectively.

The Weight Loss Technique has been used to study the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.2 M nitric acidic medium by selected mixed ligand complexes. Inhibition efficiency was determined for some selected metal complexes. The phenomenon of chemical adsorption forms a thin film on the surface of the material that stops the access of the corrosive substance to the metal which increases in its inhibitory efficiency.

Abstract:Secularism, in a broader sense, essentially means that religion is kept firmly in its place if not discarded altogether from public life. Secularism, as a concept has evolved through ages In order to study the evolution of secularism, the present paper examines the history of Indian Political thought to find out what, if any, was the role and nature of secularism in India, In Ancient India the role of religion was immense. Most of the Hindu scriptures show that the king in ancient India was strongly tied to religion. Secularism as a concept never existed in India. It is of Western origin. The present paper is an attempt to understand various facets of secularism along with the role of state in its promotion .

Abstract:This paper explains and analyzes the Secure Cluster formation & cluster Maintenance (SCM) Algorithm for the formation and maintenance of mobile Ad-hoc network. If two or more mobile nodes come together for certain reason then these nodes can form a cluster based mobile ad-hoc network. In this algorithm we propose that security can be enhanced by using a better cluster formation and maintenance Algorithm. These nodes can communicate with each other after cluster formation and work together without any extra Infrastructure. For Cluster formation each node will calculate its individual weight. It will form a “Hello message” consisting of five fields. Cluster formation and also maintenance may be done through this “Hello message” only. When needed the process of cluster formation will be initiated by an individual node by initiating a “Hello message”. There will be claiming and collection period after this initial “Hello message”. If any other node is having more weight then that node will be chosen as cluster head other wise initiating node will continue. There will be four roles for a node (undecided, member, cluster head and Gateway). A node will change its role accordingly. Maintenance process covers the cluster joining process, cluster leaving process, changing the cluster head, cluster dis-integration, cluster re-formation and changing the gateways

Abstract:Malaria is major epidemic disease in Mysore District. Geographic, Climate and Socio economic condition are the important factors for malaria incidences. Climatic factors namely rainfall, temperature and relative humidity are having relationship with the spread of Vector mosquito and development of parasites. In this article Climatic factors are mainly considered to study the disease. The objective of the present study is to explain the impact of climate variability on the transmission of malaria incidence in Mysore district and afford suggestions to similar taluks for disease prevention. Pearson's Correlation analysis is applied using Monthly climatic variables and monthly malaria incidences for the year 2004, is considered to study the relationship between them. The result indicates that the Climatic variables influenced the malaria incidence in the districts. These are considered as possible predictors for regions with similar geographic, climatic conditions of Mysore District.

Abstract:In an interview to media, Shekhar Kapoor, a film producer, made a general comment about the distance caused by technology between your work and you. He said, 'the more I use computer, the more I realize, I'm not writing poetry any more. There was something more emotional about using a pen and paper'. Certain emotional insipidity and dryness about the use of technology, turns writing 'cut and paste' phenomenon. The second half of the quotation brings in the foreground the experience of writing and the pleasure associated with it as displaced from each other. Recently, people have stopped enjoy the activity of writing as computer has replaced pen and cut writing experience from pleasure it had. The present article considers the writing activity in the context of academic circles and intends to dispel fear.

Abstract:Morality has become one of the major part in sports psychology which should be given due consideration in games because it deals not only with feeling of sympathy but also for the respect of official, sportsmanship and moreover for respect of rules and regulation. However, whether morality differs from games to others is a matter of question that has to be found out. Morlaity is defined as an ethics based behaviour within the framework of rules and regulations of the game. Morality is a complex of concepts and philosophical belief by which an individual determines whether his or her actions are right or wrong. A "moral" may refer to a particular principle, usually as informal and general summary with respect to a moral principle, as it is applied in a given human situation. In detail morality means a confident resolute, willing, often self- sacrificing and courageous attitude of an individual to the function or tasks demanded or expected of him/her by a group of which he is a part that is based upon such factors as pride in the achievements and aim of the group, faith in his leadership and ultimate success, a sense of fruitful personal participation in its work, and a devotion and loyalty to the other members of the groups. The purpose of the study was to compare the players belonging to individual and team sports in relation to Morality. The subjects were sixty male players of Interuniversity level, thirty from each category. Questionnaire of Dawn Slephae and David Layed Shield was employed to assess the morality among players. To compare the morality in different categories of sports 't' test was employed. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference among the individual sports and team sports in relation to Morality

Abstract:In India, the history of painting remained always important. Almost every region has significant contribution in it. Even Punjab has too, but never got deserving credit. The glimpse of art began to emerge in Punjab during 16th century, but it was only due to Mughal Court in Lahore, where art activity was quite prevalent. In fact Punjab art was in search of its own authentic art, therefore in 17th century, a true Sikh art emerged in the form of Janamsakhi tradition (Manuscripts related to birth stories of Guru Nanak Dev, the first Guru of the Sikhs). These Janamsakhi manuscripts were illuminated with fine paintings and text, thus became the main instrument of propagating Guru Nanak's teachings or pious beliefs. Initially, these paintings could not amount to sound aesthetic norms, because Janamsakhi traditions had started only for religious purpose, however with the passage of time, it reached its zenith. Due to the hilly area nearby Punjab, art of painting started growing under the influence of Pahari style. The Janamsakhi art also fulfilled all the artistic norms such as national level arts viz Gujrati and Rajasthani painting. Beside manuscript art, individual portraiture of Sikh Gurus was quite in vogue too. In the end of 18th century, the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh started and this monarch also contributed for every kind of art along with the Janamsakhi manuscripts in Punjab,

Abstract:The present study deals with the bathymetric mapping and sub-bottom profiling of Punem Lake, a shallow perennial water body, located at the northern part of the Thoubal district, Manipur. To achieve the goal an extensive survey of the lake is done using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) consisting of 52 profiles with a total length of 8308m. Using RadExplorer the GPR profiles are processed to obtain the depth of the lake bottom which is later on used in generating the bathymetry of the lake using Discover surface module of the MapInfo. GPR provides high resolution images and the profiles are processed to successfully image discontinuities of the depth range upto 6 meters. Deep horizontal continuous line, hyperbolic curve and shallow chaotic reflection are the primary features imaged by GPR in the lake.

Abstract:Today, India with a population over 1.1 billion, which is more than one-sixth of global human population, has 70 million people with disability. Among 70 million physically challenged people in India, and only 2% are educated and 1% are employed. There has been a systematic neglect of the physically challenged people in India. According to a study conducted by McKinsey and Company, it costs the nation as much as Rs.720000 million per annum to care for the physically challenged citizens. Parents, siblings, friends and welfare organizations in India are spending most of the expenses of the fortunate physically challenged people. The unfortunate physically challenged people are roaming in the society as beggars. The paper analysis the types of physical changes and legal protection.

Abstract:Dividend policy is the set of guidelines a company uses to decide how much of its earnings it will pay out to shareholders. When a company earns profits from operations, management can do one of two things with those profits. It can choose to retain them - essentially reinvesting them into the company with the hope of creating more profits and thus further stock appreciation. The alternative is to distribute a portion of the profits to shareholders in the form of dividends. The present paper highlight different approaches of dividend policy which are residual, hybrid and stability dividend approach. Companies using the residual dividend policy choose to rely on internally generated equity to finance any new projects. As a result, dividend payments can come out of the residual or leftover equity only after all project capital requirements are met. The fluctuation of dividends created by the residual policy significantly contrasts with the certainty of the dividend stability policy. With the stability policy, quarterly dividends are set at a fraction of yearly earnings. This policy reduces uncertainty for investors and provides them with income. Using the hybrid approach; companies tend to view the debt/equity ratio as a long-term rather than a short-term goal. In this paper cash dividend and procedure for payment of dividend explained. A cash dividend is money paid to stockholders, normally out of the corporation's current earnings or accumulated profits. Not all companies pay a dividend. Usually, the board of directors determines. Steps followed in the payment of dividend is- Ex-dividend date, declaration date, holder of record date, payment date.

Abstract:A study of investigation into students' alternative frameworks about the concepts of mechanics was conducted on groups of students of schools and colleges. Accordingly, different groups of students (plus two (+2), undergraduate (UG) and graduate (G) levels) were examined by administering questionnaire followed by practical activities and personal interview sessions. The questionnaire was administered on randomly selected heterogeneous group of students. Four practical activities related with concepts of mechanics were designed. Randomly selected groups of students from each level were asked to perform these activities and identify specific concept behind a particular activity. Diagnostic structured and individual interview was conducted to supplement the test administered and to reveal the rationale behind giving particular response to a question. The analysis of responses depicted that students are in possession with alternative frameworks about the concepts of mechanics.

Abstract:Civilization has always been merciful to those, who shouldered the responsibility of the nation and world with their own quality leadership. Effective learning and good education foster and nourish good human qualities among the learners. Quality leadership is one such pivotal issue that needs altitude and upliftment. Good leadership is mistaken as inborn gift inherited from departing generation. In this paper we would dwell long enough to crystallize the issue if elemental and effective learning can promote the quality leadership among the young learners. This paper will also examine how quality leadership will finally contribute in erecting the variegated layers of nation building.

Abstract:Age can be explained in the terms, that the individuals matured personality disposition related to the attainment of developmental tasks specific to each developmental tasks specific to each developmental phase and its influence on individuals perception of the situations as stressful or otherwise. The present study was organised to find out the effect of age on Job Stress and Job Satisfaction among employees of different age groups. Asample of 104 employees working in 4 different Insurance companies was selected randomly for the present study. The Occupational Stress Index (OSI) developed by Srivastava and Singh (1981) and Job Descriptive Index (JDI) by Smith and Kendal (1966) were used to assess the level of Job stress and Satisfaction of the sample. The findings of the study reveals higher levels of job stress and less job satisfaction among employees of 35 years & below age than their middle age (36-45 years) and the late middle age groups (46 years & above). The study also found that the age found to be negatively correlated with Job Stress and positively with Job Satisfaction.

Abstract:The analysis of the data during the year 2011-12 conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jalgaon. It was observed that the overall average daily milk yield based on 200 observations in Murrah buffaloes. The maximum milk production of 8.32 kg was recorded in group C, while the minimum milk production of 6.02 kg was noticed in group E. The average peak milk yield in all the age groups as 12.31 ± 0.38, 13.35 ± 0.27, 12.54 ± 0.28,11.13 ± 0.18 and 11.23 ± 0.22 kg in group A, B, C, D and E respectively. The overall average peak milk yield was observed to be 12.11 ± 0.27 kg with standard deviation of 1.66 and coefficient of variation of 13.59 per cent. The highest peak milk yield was observed in group B, while the lowest peak milk yield was observed in group D.It was observed that the overall average lactation milk yield based on all observations was 2134.39 ± 52.97 kg with standard deviation 328.54 and coefficient of variance as 15.64 per cent. The average lactation milk yield was increased subsequently from group A to group C and then decreased in group D and group E.The average age at first oestrous for Murrah buffaloes was 29.66 ± 0.21 months with standard deviation of 1.26 and coefficient of variation of 4.26 per cent and overall average age at first calving was 43.41 ± 0.30 months with a standard deviation of 1.87 and coefficient of variation of 4.31 per cent.

Abstract:Sal estuary represents rich biodiversity because of the heavy rains during the south west monsoon and lack of any industrial development along the banks of the river. Attempt was made to survey the fin fish biodiversity along the estuary to fulfill the lack of adequate information regarding estuarine fisheries. Hydrological parameters were analysed during the study period and found to be highly influencing. Fishes were caught near shore by using gill nets and cast nets. About 35 fin fishes were recorded belonging to 28 families. The distribution varies according to the environmental conditions. Some of the important fin fishes found in this estuary are Mugil cephalus, Gerres filamentosus, Sillago sihama, Etroplus suratensis, Arius arius, Lutjanus argentimaculatus, Acanthopagrus berda and Lobotes surinamensis. Some of the fresh water species are also observed in the Sal river. In future, Industrialization along the bank of the estuary may threaten the species diversity and need necessary laws for conservation of biodiversity.

Abstract:Insects represent the most diverse group of organisms, not only in terrestrial but also in aquatic, especially freshwater, habitats. Among the most diverse aquatic insect orders are the Trichoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera; although Ephemeroptera can locally also be very abundant and diverse., the taxonomically best known orders of aquatic insects are the caddisflies (Trichoptera), dragonflies (Odonata) and stoneflies (Plecoptera) and within the Dipterans, groups of medical importance have received special attention. The interesting aquatic insect has been constantly growing in Pathardi reservoir over the past 10 years, but scientific publications are widely dispersed and often difficult to locate. Due to the importance of aquatic organisms in environmental impact studies and biomonitoring of freshwater habitats, there is an urgent need for comprehensive studies and publications that are locally available.

Abstract:There are various internal and external factors which influence environment related behavior. The present study only sought to measure the effect of locus of control, utilisation and preservation as ecological values. The construct of environment related behaviour has been researched extensively across diverse social situations. But there is hardly any empirical study on environment related behaviour in the context of students with visual impairment. Cross-sectional empirical study was based on survey type research design. The sample (N=240), comprising students studying in grade IX to XII, was drawn from special and general educational institutes in West Bengal. Sampling decisions are made for the explicit purpose of obtaining the richest possible source of information to answer the research questions. The Bengali adaptation of locus of control scale (Julian Rotter, 1966), ecological value (Wiseman and Bogner, 1999) and environment related behaviour scale (constructed and standardized by the researcher) were used to collect relevant information. Except utilisation all the independent (preservation and locus of control) variables considered in the present study were the successful predictors of the environment related behaviour of the total students with visual impairment.

Abstract:In India, the emergence and growth of derivatives market is relatively a recent phenomenon. Since its inception in June 2000, derivatives market has exhibited exponential growth both in terms of volume and number of contract traded. The market turnover has grown from Rs.2365 Cr. in 2000-2001 to Rs.16807782.22 Cr. in 2012-13. Within a short span of twelve years, derivatives trading in India has surpassed cash segment in terms of turnover and number of traded contracts. The passed study encompasses in its objective and significance, concept, definition, types, features, market, trend, growth, Future prospects and challenges of derivatives in India. The problem is concerned with financial risks or not and why? Thus, the article reviews the use of derivative financial instruments for financial hedge and their effects to minimize the financial risks of the entities and bankrupt entities as well as their impacts on financial markets through decisions of investors and managers because their decisions are based on analysis results of financial statements. A country's accounting policy has not applied the derivative financial instruments for financial hedging, leading to affect that country's economy or not? Especially, the financial markets of Indian countries with similar economies have not also applied the hedge accounting to their hedge activities. The article uses the accounting theories of international accounting standards and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and applies the methods of statistical data analysis about Indian derivatives market to show the results of hedge accounting that are concerned with the performance of derivatives products in Indian market.

Abstract:The BSP is a social movement along with a political party because political and social reforms are two wheels of the same vehicle and absence of any one of them would bring the vehicle to stop. Both are equally needed. The BSP planned for Bhaichara Banao rally in all Indian communities from time to time. Party wanted to make brotherhood among all castes which are exploited and oppressed.

Abstract:Education plays a very vital and strategic role in the society. Every teacher should be a contributing member of the organization. Involvement is considered successful only when there are results. The objectives of the present study were to certain that the involvement of teachers is necessary to provide solution to the student's problems at work. Teachers must know about the potentials of students and give them an opportunity to know the thought of students and help them shaping their ideas, that leads to constructive and betterment of lives. The investigator had selected descriptive method with survey technique and used random technique to draw the sample. The sample consists of 52 teacher-educators and total observed students were 240 from Ahmedabad district. A positive correlation was found between teacher's involvement and this is needed for having a competitive edge. Mean, SD and 't' were used to analyze the data. An attempt was made to study the positive correlation between the teacher's involvement and the wholistic development of the student.

जंगलाच्या आश्रयाने राहणारे पशुपक्षी ही पर्यटकांची मोठी आकर्षणे असतात . जगात वन्य पशुपक्ष्यांची होत असलेली हत्या व त्यांचे घटते प्रमाण लक्षात घेता जगातील बहुतेक देशांत वन्य पशुपक्ष्यांच्या संवर्धनांची कल्पना पुढे आली. यासाठी खास अभयारण्ये निर्माण करण्यात आली. ही अभयारण्ये विविध पशु पक्ष्यांची निवासस्थाने असतात.

Abstract:Since Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) many conventions and conferences on Human rights has been held within the ambit of United Nations (UN) and outside it. After almost 63 years of the declaration, human rights violation is a great concern before “modern democratic” world. Nation States have failed to deliver according to convention of United Nations in protecting basic human rights of people particularly during the periods of war and conflict. It is the responsibility and duty of a state to provide security and protect basic rights of its people particularly of the marginalized section of the society. It has been observed armed conflict has both direct and indirect bearing on women rights. Women are not only being denied security and basic rights but are victim of deliberate and programmed violence during the times of war and armed conflict. The valley of Kashmir has been experiencing armed conflict since late 1980's during this period grave human rights violation have been reported from the valley. This paper argues that women bear out of proportion the consequences of armed conflict in Kashmir and suffer grave violations of human rights. Woman has been utilized as an instrument of physical, structural and cultural violence.

Abstract:Study on zooplankton diversity of Dnyanganga Reservoir in Botha forest of Buldana district was carried out during 2008-09. The zooplankton study reveals that the Copepods are major in occurrence, 3079 in number (32.28%); Cladocera are 2323(24.36%); Rotifers in 2976(31.20%); and Ostracods are 1158 in number (12.14%). The lake exhibited high magnitude in winter season and the low during summer. The less number of genera might be attributed to low nutrients in the reservoir which consequently resulted in less productivity or might be due to depletion of important factors such as dissolved oxygen and PH. The reduction in the number of species may also due to predation and variation in the pH of water which is always associated with the species composition of zooplankton inhibiting among them .In winter, it is biotic interaction operating through feeding pressure rather than water quality seems to affect the zooplankton diversity and density particularly the stocked fish species play an important role in harvesting species of copepoda and Cladocera, thereby reducing their predatory pressure on other groups. The Rotifera and particle feeder Cladocera were higher in winter and can be linked to favorable temperature and availability of abundant food in the form of bacteria, nanoplankton and suspended detritus matter .Total 26 types of genera were recorded which indicates variable nature of productivity the Dnyanganga Reservoir .

Abstract:Baramahal was a part of Kongu country. It was located in between two great Military stations of Bangalore and Trichnopoly and was naturally a centre of extensive commerce. Baramahal was the gateway of Mysore and ever dominated to key of the south. The district is situated with many forts had been a battle field in Tamil Nadu, for the trial of strength between Tipu and the Britisher. Hyder Ali came to power with in a short time in this place. Afterwards it fell into the hands of Tipu, he managed to control the territory upto 1792. After the third Mysore war (1790-92) Tipu was forced by the treaty of Srirangapatnam 1792 to cede half his territories to the hands of East India company. These territories included Baramahal and Salem referred in the records as the conquered country in South India.

Abstract:In this present study, an attempt has been made to understand the groundwater regime of the Vidarbha sub-watershed of Wardha River basin exposed Amravati District, Maharashtra using an integrated approach of remote sensing and GIS techniques with Arc GIS Desktop 9.3 and ERDAS Imagine 9.2 software for the sustainable watershed management. The remote sensing data combined with field survey details has provided a unique and hybrid database for the optimal planning and management of the watershed. Morphometry is the measurement and mathematical analysis of the configuration of the earth's surface shape and dimension of its lard forms. The Vidarbha River is a tributary of Wardha River and spread over the 252.10 sq. km area in Amravati district, Maharashtra which have been determine by the morphometry analysis. The results indicate the presence of 6th order drainage basin with dendritic drainage pattern showing uniform lithology. The study area is covered by 98% of Deccan trap which is highly jointed and fractured Basalt. The water and land resource development action plan is prepared using various thematic layers like slope, land use/ land cover, drainage, soil texture, soil depth, soil erosion and land capability and weight age and rank were assigned to the thematic according to their importance and these layers are overlaid using union operation and suggested suitable zonation for the water conservation structures like check dam, percolation tank, earthen nala bund, form pond, graded bunding, sunkan pond, roof rain water harvesting, and loose boulder structure and for soil conservation land resources development activities suggested are social forestry plantation with continuous contour trenches, check dam, afforestation with continuous contour trenches, canal command, conservation of forest, dry land agro-horticulture with farm pond, horticulture plantation, intensive agriculture with farm bund, irrigated agro-horticulture with farm bund, and pasture development etc. Geographical information system (GIS) and measurement of drainage parameter proved to be effective tools in delineation of drainage pattern and water resource management. This geomorphic and morphotectonic analysis carried out under the linear as well as aerial aspects and this study would help the local people to locate the potential aquifers so as to utilize the natural resources for the sustainable development of the basin area.

Abstract:Ecotourism companies provide their ecotourism products with a combination of services, activities and resources. Ecotourists experience these ecotourism products as ecotourism trips which are mixed with sport activities or cultural experiences that are sometimes offered together in nature areas. this survey will focus on sport activities. Sport activities can be divided into two types: land-based and water-based. The major land-based sport activities are hiking, biking, horseback riding, hunting, skiing, snowshoeing, and snowmobiling. Water-based activities mainly refer to boating, canoeing, kayaking, rafting, underwater diving, fishing, and fly fishing. In addition to the businesses that provide sport activities, camping and hospitality businesses were included for the survey because a number of campsites and lodges provide various kinds of sport activities as one of their products The Vision is to develop a tourism centre in a sustainable and acceptable manner, taking full advantage of regional and international trends and developments so that it will significantly contribute to the continued improvement of quality of life in the Chhattisgarh while promoting & conserving the State's & Country's cultural and natural heritage.

Abstract:The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of gender and area of residence on aggression of school players. Total 80 school players were selected for the study among them 40 subjects were boy's school players and 40 subjects were girl's school players belonging to Aurangabad and Jalna district. The age range of players were 13 to 19 years (M =16.98, SD = 3.07). Non-probability purposive sampling was used. First hypothesis was Boys' school players will be significantly high aggression than the girl's school players. Second was rural school players will be significantly high aggression than the urban school players. Aggression Scale (A-Scale) scale was constructed and standardize by Km Roma Pal and Mrs. Tasneem Naqvi. Results boys' school players have significantly high aggression than the girls' school players. Rural school players have significantly high aggression than the urban school players.

Abstract:The significance of ability to think differently and explore many possible solutions to generate creative ideas has been well recognized in the present competitive world. Although there are many factors affecting development of divergent thinking ability in children, parental approval is one of the important factors in the development of divergent thinking ability in children. The present study was carried out to assess the divergent thinking ability of children in the setting selected and analyze it with reference to academic grades and gender. Further, the relationship of parental approval with the development of divergent thinking was assessed. The sample comprised 102 school children (51 boys and 51 girls) in the age group 6-9 years and their parents (either father or mother).The entire sample was selected from different schools of urban areas of Jammu (J&K). Standardized Divergent Production Ability Test devised by Sharma (2006) and Measures of Approving Parents devised by Ambast and Tripathi (1980) were used to collect data. Results of the study revealed that boys showed a progressive increase in mean value scores of word fluency, Ideational fluency, Spontaneous flexibility, Associational fluency and Elaboration with increasing academic grades. Similarly girls also showed increasing trend in some indicators of divergent thinking namely Ideational fluency, Associational fluency, Originality and Elaboration. With an increase in academic grades, consistent increasing trends were observed in all the factors except adaptive flexibility and expressional fluency. Statistically, no significant difference was found on creativity scores of all the three academic grades. It was also found that majority of parents of sample children showed moderate approving behaviour as most of them (82.3%) scored between the range of 129-171.Very few (10.7%) were in high approving behaviour. A positive significant correlation was found grade wise between the parental scores of sample children and creativity scores. The study points to a need for strengthening positive parental approval for the development of divergent thinking ability among young children.

महाराष्ट्रात विसाव्या शतकाच्या पूर्वार्धात ज्या अनेक सामाजिक व शैक्षणिक चळवळी उभ्या राहिल्या . त्यामध्ये कर्मवीर भाऊराव पाटील यांनी सुरु केलेली शैक्षणिक चळवळ महत्त्वाची आहे. त्यांनी सुरु केलेली शिक्षण प्रसाराचे काम पुढील काळात महाराष्ट्रात विस्तारित गेले. कर्मवीरांच्या कार्यशाळेत तयार झालेल्या त्यांच्या निष्ठावान रयतसेवकांचा फार मोठा हातभार आहे. अशा रयत सेकांमध्ये बॅ .पी.जी. पाटीलांचे नाव आवर्जून घेतले पाहिजे.

Abstract: With the emergence of Internet, advent transformations been observed in every discipline, then how education could be immune to it. Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) is one such tool that emerged, imposing the class room education even without attending it. There are several such tools available both open source and commercial type for creating such environment virtually. Though Moodle and ATutor gained wide importance, but there are also other tools available which have been observed for smaller training and content management needs. Present paper discusses one such open source software called Dokeos. It also deals with its pre-requisites, features, installations and implementation at the user end.

Abstract:Pilgrimage tourism is that form that is exclusively or strongly motivated for religious reasons. One of the oldest types of tourism and a worldwide phenomenon of religious history, it can be differentiated into various forms. The short-term religious tourism is distinguished by excursions to nearby pilgrimage centers or religious conferences. The long-term describes visits of several days or weeks to national and international pilgrimage sites or conferences. This paper investigates pilgrimage tourism and its issues and challenges and its cultural importance and socio economic development through pilgrimage tourism and also it analysis the basic infrastructure issues in pilgrimage sites. .Pilgrimage tourists were identified as a key factor in developing pilgrimage tourism. The data for this study were collected from local residents which engaged in pilgrimage tourism activities. Pilgrimage tourists were identified as a key factor in developing pilgrimage tourism in local communities. This research is mainly based on only secondary data. Secondary data required for this study was collected from different sources.

Abstract: The present study attempts to understand about Information Needs and Information Seeking Behaviour of Teachers of NIT, Kurukshetra in reference to their designations. Total 142 questionnaires were distributed among the teachers out of them 114 Teachers responded back. There is significant relationship between Designation of the Teachers and use of periodicals, abstracting services and electronic mail services as a source of information. Professors used periodicals to increase general awareness, Associate Professors used it to update knowledge but the lecturers used it only for research purposes. The study indicated that the Professors used abstracting services frequently and very frequently; Associate Professors used it sometimes whereas lecturer used it rarely. There is no significant relationship between the designations of the teachers and their views about their visit to the Institute library, use of reference material, Statistical Tables, Indexing journals, reference service, indexing services, photocopying service, monographs etc. But the study showed that the Professors and Lecturers used News Papers and its clippings frequently and very frequently. The study highlighted the facts that the teachers did not face any difficulty to acquire information from library.

Abstract: New revolution in the field of Indian rural economy has come already in the form of Self-help groups. With the help of these self-help groups, rural population is growing their economy in very rapid speed. Various grants and subsidies are given by the government to these SHG's and with this soft-hand; various businesses are taking birth in rural areas of India and with time this situation is being same in urban and semi-urban areas of India.. This situation is helping the people in many ways; providing employment opportunities, business opportunities, opportunities of being supplier of raw material to various businesses, etc. In this way SHG's are helping to 'Vision 2020” in a vast manner and making rural economy strong through providing micro finance.

Abstract: AC motor drives are widely used to control the speed of conveyor systems, blower speeds, pump speeds, machine tool speeds and other applications that require variable speed with variable torque. The main aim of the work is to design and develop an electronic system that can be used to control the speed of a three phase induction motor. The speed of the three phase induction motor can be controlled by various methods. The stator frequency control is one of the simplest methods to control the speed of IM and the same method is employed. In the proposed scheme, dsPIC30F2023 controller is used to produce control signals for switches (IGBTs). It is a 44 pin IC. As compared to the PIC controller and DSP, dsPIC is cheaper and most reliable. The dsPIC DSC has the “heart” of a 16-bit MCU with robust peripherals and fast interrupt handling capability and the “brain” of a DSP that manages high computation activities, creating the optimum single chip solution for embedded system designs. A3 phase, 415V, 1500 rpm, 1.5 HPinduction motor is used as load for the inverter. Textronics TDS2024B storage oscilloscope is used to store the gate pulses and waveforms. The experimental result showed that by varying the frequency of the stator, speed of the motor can be varied. For different set speed and load the current rpm, stator voltage, current is tabulated; Actual rpm v/s load and frequency v/s load characteristics of IM are drawn.

Abstract:Microfinance sector has grown rapidly over the past few decades. Nobel Laureate Muhammad Yunus is credited with laying the foundation of the modern MFIs with establishment of Grameen Bank, Bangladesh in 1976. Today it has evolved into a vibrant industry exhibiting a variety of business models. The microfinance sector is having a healthy growth rate, there have been a number of concerns related to the sector, like grey areas in regulation, transparent pricing, low financial literacy etc. In addition to these concerns there are a few emerging concerns like cluster formation, insufficient funds, multiple lending and over-indebtedness which are arising because of the increasing competition among the MFIs.

महाराष्ट्र हे सरकारी चळवळीच्या बाबतीत देशातील पहिले व अग्रगण्य राज्य आहे. सहकारी चळवळीचा १०५ वर्षांचा इतिहास आहे.महाराष्ट्रात पहिली शेती पुरवठा सहकारी संस्था धारवाड जिल्ह्यातील ‘कणगीहाळ’ येथे १९०५ मध्ये स्थापना झाली राज्याच्या ग्रामिण भागातील पददलित ,अल्पसंख्याक ,शेतमजूर व लहान शेतक-यांना एकत्र करून आर्थिक उन्नतीचा मार्ग सहकाराने दाखवला आहे.

Abstract: Banking business has done wonders for the world economy. The simple looking of accepting money deposits from saver and then lending the same money to borrowers, banking activity encourages the flow of money to productive use and investments. This in turn allows the economy to grow. In the absence of banking business, saving would sit idle in our homes; the entrepreneurs would not be able to purchase cars or houses. The government of India started the cooperative movement of India in 1904. Then the government therefore decided to develop the cooperatives as the institutional agency to tackle the problem of usury indebtedness. This has become a curse for population. In such a situation cooperative banks operates as a balancing centre. At present there are there are several cooperative banks which are performing multipurpose functions of financial, administrative, supervisory and development in nature of expansion and development of cooperative credit system. The customer has taken more than one type of loan from the banks. Moreover they suggested that the bank should adopt the latest technology of the banking like, ATMs, internet / online banking credit cards etc. So as to bring the bank at par with the private sector banks.

Abstract: The concept of spatial pattern is one of the most important concepts in geography. Search for pattern in the distribution of different Phenomena on the surface of the earth has been one of the main pursuits of geographers, planners and diplomats/policy makers. The distribution of fish landing centers and their size and nature are closely related to physical, environmental, economic factors and government policies. Geographer's more keen interest in this concept has attempted to find some explanation to the distributional patterns. The coastal zone is the interface between land and water bodies where interaction between natural processes and human activities are most common. The coastal zone of Goa offers a host of attractions to exhibit its aesthetic beauty to the tourists from all over India in particular and foreigners in general. It is not only known for the tourist attractions, but also for fishery activities to promote the economy of the region. Fish landing center plays a vital role not only in the coastal economy but also equally providing necessary facilities to fisherman in exploitation of fishery resources and marketing of fish and fish products in the study area. These are the locations providing the spatial linkages for collection, transportation and marketing of fish and fish products along the coastal belt. Therefore, an attempt has been made to study the spatial distribution of fish landing centers with the help of nearest neighbor analysis

Abstract:Literacy improves enrolment. Literate parents are expected to send their children for primary schooling. Primary schooling is almost free in the state and there has been improvement in support services for students such as free textbooks, uniforms, mid-day meal, health care facilities, etc. This has led to a substantial improvement in enrolment at the primary level. Enrolment data are often over-reported. There is also a chance that a particular student has enrolled in more than one institution. However, the achievement of the district in enrolling children cannot be disowned even though the data may be somewhat unreliable.The present study on “Drop out in Primary Education – Astudy” is conducted in the Birbhum district of West Bengal. The sample consisted of 300 primary and upper primary school children of age group 6-14 years from aided and unaided co-educational schools of Birbhum.

Abstract:Swami Sahajananda occupied the most coveted place in the galaxy of leaders. With a missionary zeal he championed the cause of the Harijan community and settled down at Chidambaram, where the great saint Nandanar attained beatification after a holy bath at Omakkulam tank. Shahajananda who belongs to a Harijan family, devoted has life for the elevation of depressed Class people in Tamil Nadu.

Abstract:Study on zooplankton diversity of Dnyanganga Reservoir in Botha forest of Buldana district was carried out during 2008-09. The zooplankton study reveals that the Copepods are major in occurrence, 3079 in number (32.28%); Cladocera are 2323(24.36%); Rotifers in 2976(31.20%); and Ostracods are 1158 in number (12.14%). The lake exhibited high magnitude in winter season and the low during summer. The less number of genera might be attributed to low nutrients in the reservoir which consequently resulted in less productivity or might be due to depletion of important factors such as dissolved oxygen and PH. The reduction in the number of species may also due to predation and variation in the pH of water which is always associated with the species composition of zooplankton inhibiting among them .In winter, it is biotic interaction operating through feeding pressure rather than water quality seems to affect the zooplankton diversity and density particularly the stocked fish species play an important role in harvesting species of copepoda and Cladocera, thereby reducing their predatory pressure on other groups. The Rotifera and particle feeder Cladocera were higher in winter and can be linked to favorable temperature and availability of abundant food in the form of bacteria, nanoplankton and suspended detritus matter .Total 26 types of genera were recorded which indicates variable nature of productivity the Dnyanganga Reservoir .

Abstract: Pallan caste is sub – sect of scheduled castes in Tamil Nadu. Pallan caste people possess their own cultural heritage among the scheduled caste. This paper narrates about the hindrance contributive and factors for development of Pallan in Tamil Nadu.

Abstract:Assessment of learners in schools for various purposes is flawed by some practices and procedures which do not favor multiculturalism and diversity that characterize the learners in schools in Nigeria. Those practices and procedures are explored and solutions proffered.

Abstract: Empowerment in its simplest form means the manifestation of redistribution of power that challenges patriarchal ideology and the male dominance. It is both a process and the result of the process. The concept of women's empowerment, throughout the world, has its roots in women's movement. It is since the mid 1980s that this term became popular in the field of development, especially in reference to women. In India, it is the Sixth Five Year Plan (1980- 1985) which can be taken as a landmark for the cause of women. Ills here that the concept of women and empowerment was introduced for the first time.

Abstract:Historical research can also mean gathering data from situations that have already occurred and performing statistical analysis on this data just as we would in a traditional experiment. The one key difference between this type of research and the type described in the first paragraph concerns the manipulation of data. Since historical research relies on data from the past, there is no way to manipulate it. Studying the grades of older students, for example, and younger students may provide some insight into the differences between these two groups, but manipulating the work experience is impossible. Therefore, historical research can often lead to present day experiments that attempt to further explore what has occurred in the past. Historical method comprises the techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research and then to write histories in the form of accounts of the past. The question of the nature, and even the possibility, of a sound historical method is raised in the philosophy of history as a question of epistemology. The study of historical method and writing is known as historiography

तेराव्या शतकातील थोर संत . अनेक संतांच्या पदस्पर्शाने पावन झालेल्या महाराष्ट्र भूमीला आपण संताची म्हणून संबोधतो . अनेक संतांनी या मातीत जन्म घेतला व आपले जीवनकार्य पूर्ण केले. म्हणून संत साहित्याच्या दृष्टीकोनातून महाराष्ट्राला एक आगळे वेगळे परंतु मानाचे स्थान प्राप्त झाले . संत एकनाथ , संत नामदेव , संत तुकाराम , संत ज्ञानेश्वर अशा संतांची कार्ये वेगळेपणा पन त्या कार्यातील ज्यांचे कार्य सर्वांपेक्षा वेगळे पण सर्वश्रेष्ठ होते असा सर्व संतातील ‘चकाकता हिरा’ म्हणजेच ‘संत शिरोमणी श्री सावता माळी महाराज’ शके ११७२ मध्ये सावता महाराज पृथ्वीतलावर अवतारले .

Abstract:Today's world is one with increasing online access to services. One part of this which is growing rapidly is Internet Banking. There are numerous factors like competitive cost, customer service, in customers using online banking products and services. The challenge for national banks is to make sure the savings from Internet banking technology more than offset the costs and risks associated with conducting business in cyberspace. The adoption of Internet banking has been increased dramatically during the last few years due to the following reasons On-Banking is a typical service combining a communication and a distribution channel. On-line banking applications have had a continuous evolution over the time, from their apparition in the context of innovation in the banking sector to the relative standardization and convergence of current state. Internet service providers are playing an increasingly important role in India's 's transition to a knowledge-based, networked economy. These service providers are connecting Indian n businesses, consumers and citizens to the global and increasingly digital economy and are helping to provide the means by which electronic banking can be carried out across the country and around the world. The term “On-line banking” has become widespread; a force that is here to stay. On-line banking and the Internet are increasingly becoming one of the most important drivers of strategic change for business and national governments. The new millennium has many new challenges and opportunities hidden in the unknown treasure of time. In this situation banking and finance sector cannot keep itself away from the winds of changes. The new technology has helped the banking to have a mix of knowledge with service and value in addition to product. It has helped to create modern products. The banks that are first to bring the right mix of new technology and modern services are sure to win in this competitive world. This paper represents the current scenario of on-line banking in India, how it is up surging and also highlights some suggestions of improving on-line banking in the two countries.

Abstract:'Dattani [is] one of the best and most serious contemporary playwrights…..' This tribute of International Herald Tribune underlines Mahesh Dattani's significant position in Modern Indian English Drama. Dattani deals with the fringe issues and marginalized people within the society and his themes extend from child abuse, homosexuality and hijra communities to the other taboo subjects and social riots. His themes and the characters are chosen from the Indian society but he raises them to the universal level. While dealing with the problem he lays bare the Indian society with respect to its psyche, various socio-cultural, religious, mythical, ritualistic and political patterns through the responses and reactions of the characters to the problem. Dattani's 'Final Solutions' is a three act play which handles the theme of communal riots and forced resentments. In India, the co-existence of multi-religions and multi-cultures has been a curious topic for the world. But the confrontations of Hindus and Muslims has been a dynamic issue; more than the other religions to each other. The play opens with two Muslim young boys Bobby and Javed seeking shelter in the house of Hindu family of Ramnik Gandhi, from the chasing mob, during a hostile atmosphere and curfew followed by Hindu- Muslim riot in the city. With the entry of two Muslim young boys within the house the familial drama begins. Here, the different religions, cultures, food habits, attitudes, resentments to each other, personal whims and psyches confront each other. Dattani takes the opportunity to move free into the time and closely scrutinize all such riots in the past and their influences to shape the characters and communities. He tear opens the tapestries of illusions of the characters and exposes the truth behind their social, Cultural and religious patterns. The present study aims at the critical study of Indian Society through the play 'Final Solutions'.

Abstract: The survey depicts that dyeing and printings are the unique Indian arts which have won world wide a claim for centuries. In western India, there are many traditional centers, out of which prints of Sanganer (Rajasthan) have been renowned for their precious patterns and coloring for many centuries. The present investigation was undertaken to find out about the setup of employees. Analysis revealed that vegetable dyeing and printing was hereditary and carried from centuries. Now a days many communities like chhipas, khatris etc. are performing this craft in Sanganer and it was not a one man's enterprise as whole family participated elaborately. Most of the units were small scale which did not require heavy investments as tools and equipments used were indigenous.

Abstract:Plants have proved to be significant natural resources for medicines; documentation of their use in medicine originates from ancient times. Ethnobotanical and ubiguitous plants provide a rich resource for natural drug research and development. In the present investigation, the phytochemical and DPPH activity were high in Lippia nodiflora (Linn.) while antibacterial activity and H2O2 scavenging activity were maximum in Vitex negundo (Linn.) The methanol extract is best solvent for phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of both selected plant against test pathogens. Both plants have been used because of their antimicrobial traits, which are due to compounds synthesized in the secondary metabolism of the plant; such as phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids. Synergism between plant extract and synthetic antibiotics can develop standardization of herbal medicine for treatment and prevention of infectious diseases.

Abstract:Motor abilities are one of the facts of a person's all round harmonious development. Motor abilities are the cultural phenomenon of and magnitude, which is historically, preconditioned level of health and comprehensive development of a person. Aim of the study was to find out the motor abilities among sportsman and non-sportsman. For this investigation, the investigator has taken total 50 male sportsman and 50 male non sportsman of universities and colleges in Gulbarga division, between the age group 18 to 35 years, selected on random basis, AAHPER- youth fitness test revised (1970) were employed as tools for collection of data. For Comparison statistical analysis was done by calculating mean, standard deviation and't' value through SPSS package. It was concluded that the two groups significantly differ on the five variables/ components of motor abilities namely pull up, sit up, shuttle run flexibility, endurance and two groups showed different dimensions.

Abstract: Speech intelligibility is considered as the most practical measure of communication skills for children with hearing impairment as well as their peers with normal hearing. Contentious efforts should be made through inclusive education to improve on the predictors of speech intelligibility in order to promote not just communication skills but positive attitude, personality growth and academic excellence for all learners.

मध्ययुगीन मराठी वाड.मयात संत वाड.मयाला अत्यंत महत्वाचे स्थान आहे. या साहित्याच्या महानुभाव संप्रदाय दत्तसंप्रदाय लोकप्रबोधनाचे कार्य करीत होते. पा वारकरी संप्रदायाच्या अधिक प्राधान्य दिले गेले .इतर संप्रदायामध्ये कविता हा रचना प्रकार रूढ होता किबहुना त्या रचनाची निर्मिती केली गेली .

A B ST R A C T: We studied electron impact ionization of tetramethylsilane (TMS), Si(CH3)4, which is utilized in plasma polymerization applications, using a semi empirical Jain-Khare theoretical technique. Absolute partial cross sections for the formation of all fragment ions were measured by Jain-Khare method from threshold up to 120 eV. We obtained the following sixteen ions: CH3+, Si+, SiH+, SiH3+, SiCH2+, SiCH3+, HSiCH3+, H2SiCH3+, SiC2H+, SiC2H3+, SiC2H5+,Si(CH3)2+, HSi(CH3)2+, Si(CH3)3+, HSi(CH3)3+ & Si(CH3)4+ . The agreement between our measured absolute partial ionization cross-sections & R.Basner et al data sets obtained by experimental technique are generally good for the silicon-containing fragment ions. The earlier work done is for 90 eV & here we have extended it up to from threshold to 120 eV.

ही समस्या इतकी गंभीर आहे की, वर्तमान काळात कोणतीही व्यक्ती असे मानायला तयार नाही की,या प्रकारची कोणती समस्या असू शकते.आश्चर्याची गोष्ट अशी की जीथे Harmonium या वाद्याची उत्पत्ती झाली तेथील विद्वान (Scholars) या संक्रमाक रोगापासून दु:खी झाले.विदेशी मापदंडानुसार – हार्मोनियाची निर्मिती टेम्पर्ड स्केल्द्वारा केली गेली आहे.

लोक परंपरा ही मुख्यता मौखिक स्वरुपाची मानली जाते. लोकवाङ्मयाची परंपरा ही मौखिक असली तरी लोकसाहित्याच्या काही अंगना लौकिक शास्त्रीय आधार असतो. लौकिक परंपरेत व्यक्तित्वाचा प्रभाव असतो ही लौकिक परंपरा व्यक्तिगत अनुभवजन्म ज्ञानदृष्टी अभिव्यक्त करणारी असते.

Abstract:Vocational education courses are considered as a highly relevant for production of appropriately skilled personals for various sectors. The concept of vocational education was introduced in India just after independence and since then number of reforms has been implemented to improve the production of required skilled man power. Higher vocational education is instrumental in imparting technology based knowledge to the students at undergraduate level with stronger ability to practice. The article describes the relevance of vocational education in India and the current status of its implementation in Assam with special mention about the problems and prospects associated with its implementation. Introduction of vocational education at senior secondary level in India is a part of the attempts to restructure India's education system for better employment prospect. A brief description has also been made about the UNESCO's perception of Vocational education. The role of Ministry of Human Resources Development (MHRD), All-India Council for Vocational Education (AICVE) and University Grant Commission (UGC) in implementation of vocational education has been described. A data based description has been provided about the problems and prospects of implementation of vocational education in Assam. Finally the article is concluded with a brief conclusion.

Abstract: The primary motive of each and every enterprise is to earn profit. In most cases, profit earning may be the major cause of takeovers. Profitability can be calculated from the profitability ratios which determine the company's overall efficiency and performance. The integration process of companies has a major impact on their profitability. During the current scenario of globalization and dogmatic competition takeovers has emerged out a much admired strategy to secure profits, continuous growth and added share value by gaining new resources, technological know-how, synergies, new markets and competitive advantage. Conversely, various studies reveal that takeover as a growth strategy provided both positive and negative consequences. Takeovers of Indian companies by Indian companies or foreign companies as well as takeovers of foreign companies by Indian companies are increasing quickly. Tata steel has done three cross-border takeovers in steel industry. The present study attempts to examine the pre and post takeover profitability of Tata Steel through paired t-test.