Absorption cooling systems have become increasingly popular in recent years from the viewpoints of energy and environment. Despite the lower coefficient of performance (COP) as compared to that of vapor compression cycle, absorption refrigeration systems are attractive for using inexpensive waste heat, solar, geothermal or biomass energy sources for which the cost of supply is negligible in many cases. In addition absorption refrigeration use natural substances, which do not cause any ozone layer depletion.

The correct selection of manufacturing conditions is one of the most important aspects to take into consideration in the majority of manufacturing processes and, particularly in processes Related to Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM). It is a capable of machining geometrically complex or hard material components, that are precise and difficult-to-machine such as heat treated tool steels, composites, super alloys, ceramics, carbides, heat resistant steels etc. being widely used in die and mold making industries, aerospace, aeronautics and nuclear industries. The aluminum alloy 6061 T6 material is most widely for construction of aircraft structures, such as wings and fuselages, more commonly in homebuilt aircraft than commercial or military aircraft. The Electric discharge machining process is finding out the effect of machining parameter such as discharge current, pulse on time, pulse off time 0and gap for aluminum alloy 6061 Using square shaped copper and graphite tool .

The social, political, economic and cultural aspects form a major concern in Kamala Markandaya's creative works. She has tried to present the East juxtaposed with the West, theme of hunger, starvation and struggle for survival and feministic consciousness, cultural crisis in her works. To present these themes, her primary concern is with the minute investigation of such factors that are faced by Indian masses which affect diverse races and cultures. The theme selected for the present research paper is cultural and spiritual aspects in A Silence of Desire and Possession which is the base of Kamala Markandaya's works.

Domestic work is not a new phenomenon in India. India has long history of domestic worker means men and women working in other house as servant are known as domestic worker. Domestic work facing various problems which includes mental, manual, and emotional aspects. Domestic work in India look accesses to sufficient and effective statutory measures and institutional mechanism their protection. The process of mobilizing domestic workers is complex and long term. Domestic worker came from lower caste with very little education. So , they are suffering kinds of abuses, violation of the human rights in home as well as society. They don't know about the constitutional legislation of domestic worker. So they exploited easily. collective bargaining power can bring about this change as there has to be a sense of solidarity among them to challenge ill treatment or unfair wages.

Cyanobacteria are found in almost every conceivable environment, from oceans to fresh water to bare rock to soil. The majority of cyanobacteria are aerobic photo autotrophs. Their life processes require only water, carbon dioxide, inorganic substances and light. Photosynthesis is their principal mode of energy metabolism. For the selective enumeration of blue-green bacteria, Gleocapsa spp. we were developed various novel techniques in laboratory under controlled conditions (25ºC, photoperiod of 12 hours light/dark) for the isolation of Gleocapsa spp.

Goleman defines emotional intelligence as: l knowing one's feelings and using them to make good decisions in life; l being able to manage moods and control impulses; l being motivated and effectively overcoming setbacks in working towards goals. Emotional intelligence includes empathy, knowing what others are feeling, managing emotions in relation to others, and being able to persuade and lead others (3).

In this connection it is interesting to observe the findings which the American Management Association published in 1952 giving the result of survey of one hundred large corporations (over 5,000 employees) the purpose of which was to ascertain the number of executives reporting to the president. The findings clearly show the extent and nature of the span of management as it is actually found in industry. The number of executives reporting to the president is clearly larger than the number advocated by several writers on this subject. “Though prevailing practice dose not necessarily prove the correctness of policy, the action of successful company presidents, often under competitive conditions should be taken into account.” Generally the number of executives reporting to the president range from one to twenty four, with the median number of subordinates supervised by the president between eight and nine

À lot of reseàrch hàs been conducted on the Problems concerning the problems àrising in the field of Educàtion in Indià. These problems rànge from the curriculum, the gràding ànd màrking system, Pàrochiàlism, untràined teàchers ànd lecturers, low pày scàles ànd màny more. We hàve endeàvored to objectively study these problems ànd bring to light some of the less àppàrent but serious problems thàt hàmper our educàtion system.

Resilience can be called as acquired psychological immunity system (APIS), which is not only bouncing back, but also taking risks, learning to live with uncertainty, solving problems creatively and programming mind for superior coping skills in challenging situations. This study attempts to explore resilience-mental health dynamics across gender and job status at mid life (40-60 years) in work organization. A sample of 400 comprising of 200 male and 200 female Higher secondary school teachers (6 – 12th grade) were selected. Out of 200 males, 100 belonged to lecturer grade and 100 to teacher grade. Similar procedure was adopted to select female teachers. Results revealed that there is no significant difference between the resilience of male and female teachers but females showed lower level of positive mental health than their male counterparts

This research study focuses on HIV /AIDS and Life Skills Education. The objectives of present study were to test the knowledge of student teachers about HIV/AIDS & Life skills Education, to compare the knowledge of male student teachers and female student teachers about HIV/AIDS & Life skills Education, to find out the attitude of student teacher about HIV/AIDS & Life skills Education, to compare the attitude of Male student Teacher and Female student Teachers towards HIV/AIDS & Life skills Education. Survey method was used to test HIV/AIDS & Life skills knowledge of student teachers The hypotheses for this study were there will be no significant difference in the HIV/ AIDS and Life skills Knowledge of male and female Student Teachers, there will be no significant difference between the Attitude of male and female Student Teachers' towards HIV/ AIDS and Life skills Education.

According to the well-known definition of burnout given by Maslach, 1976; Maslach and Jackson, 1981 burned out people suffer from emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment. Burnout is a variable that continues to sustain international research interest. The most widely adopted tool measuring the burnout syndrome is the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).(The Cronbach Alpha for the sub scale are 0.90, 0.79 and 0.71 for the sub scales of EE, DP and PA respectively) Maslach Burnout Inventory, a 22 items inventory grouped under 3 dimensions namely Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization and Personal Accomplishment were engaged for data collection.

In this paper, the factors affecting the quality of work life of nurses in private and government hospitals of Tiruchirappalli and the impact of quality of work life (working conditions) on individual job satisfaction level of the nurses has been studied. A comparative study on the quality of work life of nurses prevailing in a private and a government hospital of Tiruchirappalli is also undertaken. Here multinomial logistic regression and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test have been used to analyze the data related to the above objectives. The findings throw light on some new quality of work life factors that play a significant role in determining work-life balance of nurses in these hospitals and have a positive effect on the individual job satisfaction of nurses.

Research culture is an emerging trend in the context of higher education in India. The present study was organized to find out the socio-economic profile and research culture among full time research scholars. A sample of 200 full time research scholars in the departments of a state university and 9 arts and science colleges in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu was selected on the basis of purposive sampling for the present study. The findings of the study reveal that most of the research scholars are from lower and middle layer of socio economic structure. The study also found that the research culture prevailing in the study area in terms of research discussion, research training, paper presentation, paper publication, research critique and membership in professional organizations is not upto the mark.

Population Geography' is the recently developed branch of Human Geography.Sex-Ratio is one of the basic demographic characteristics of human population. Bhudargad is one of the tehsil of Kolhapur district which is situated in rural and hilly region. The total population of Bhudargad tahsil is 144910 as per the 2001 census. Unevenly distribution of Human sex-Ratio is found in Bhudargad tahsil. The present study analyze the Spatio- temporal variations of sex ratio in Bhudargad tahsil, for present study the decadal analysis is done from secondary data sources. In 1961 the sex ratio for tahsil was 1008 females per 1000 males. And in 2001 it is 995.The study prevails that large out migration of males from study area is dominant.

In Tamil Nadu the suppressed /oppressed caste movements included both informative and alternative in nature. They tried to reform the social system to solve the problem of untouchability. The depressed caste movements were also called as protest movement started with the aim of establishing a classless society which was pre-condition for true nationalism. They also tried to create an alternative socio-cultural structure by conversion to some other religion or by acquiring education, economic status and political power. The expectation of net result of their protest was the social change, which involved a transformation in social, political and economic organizations.

Higher Secondary Education occupies a very prominent place in our educational ladder. It provides the link between the Secondary Education and higher education. It is the feeder stage for higher (professional) studies and career patterns. Therefore students studying at this stage may have some preference of certain times of occupation depending upon what they study at this stage. Mass media education is now largely dependent on electronic media which has a good number of inherent advantages Electronic media facilitates diverse learning objectives. Electronic media through the variety and newness can motivate the learner, stimulate imagination, create and sustain interest. Electronic media helps in involving the learner in the teaching / learning process and keep the concentrations going. They reduce the burden of the teacher.

In our society many sects of population strive each day for something but how many of us actually get what we want? Does our society, our communities really provide us the right track or opportunity that we deserve? In today's competitive world there's a cut throat competition and slowly and gradually we humans are becoming insensitive everyday as we are focusing on our desires, our goals and most importantly on our life. In such situation the educational institution is the only hope left with us which can help to preserve the sensitivity and innocence of the future generations. In classrooms, the child first time learns to know people other than his family and slowly learn that how much they differ from his own family. As we know that classroom is the best place to study variety of individual personality's altogether under one roof therefore it can be stated that school plays a vital role in making a good understanding society and its members. On the other hand if we think it over seriously this positive aspect if not catered carefully can lead to many problems. As the students comes from varied backgrounds and hence totally differ in not only personalities but in cultures, beliefs and traditions.

This paper is an attempt to present comprehensive picture of the impacts, that have not been paid adequate attention so far, that the process of globalization has had on the rural tribal communities in different parts of India. Globalization which is appearing to be an inevitable for most of the developing countries has brought in some opportunities as well as some issues which we have to address in recent future. We have to admit that globalization affects tribal communities differently and more severely. The paper focuses specifically on the effects of globalization on the Indian tribal community in sectors like, cultural, Social, economic, educational, employment and livelihood. The voice of tribal communities regarding the issues they are/have faced needs to be heard and a national and state plans need to be prepared to intervene in the worsening situation of tribal communities.

In this paper we focus on study of impact of religious activities like Ganesh festival on the quality of water of Mula river in Pune, for this purpose water sample were collected from pune immersion point at evening hours 7.00 to 8.00pm during pre immersion periods of Ganesh idols. Analysis of water sample was carried out significant changes observed during study period. Water of river get polluted, there is a need to aware nesses to use eco friendly material for idol.

This paper presents the design and implementation of PID controller for the general form of two-link planar robotic manipulator. Also for comparative analysis, proportional-derivative (PD), is implemented on the same system under same conditions. The comparative analysis of the results demonstrates that the PID controller is best among all the conventional controllers and the simulation results confirm that the system can track the desired trajectory. Computer simulation results on a two-link planar robotic manipulator are presented to show tracking capability and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. The simulations have been carried out using Matlab.

In this paper various sociological aspects in conflict are discussed.Tthis particular chapter deals with the tools, methods and approaches of conflict resolution. The process of community organization is a gradual and slow one. The community organizer is dealing with various groups and individuals to bring together for the common benefit at individual as well as community level. Any social action which is concerned with community development has its own natural resistance. This resistance has to be dealt systematically without harming to the existing social structure. This view of the dual concerned model of conflict resolution is discussed in detail here. This model emphasizes avoiding the conflict style, yielding the conflict style, competitive, cooperative conflict style etc.

Improvement in standard of living has remained the basic objective of any democratic nation. The most commonly and extensively used measure of economic development is the concept of gross domestic product or national income. This concept in per capita terms is crudely used to reflect the standard of living. But the standard of living or quality of life is more related to per capita consumption rather than to per capita income or production. This per capita consumption, if extrapolated to the slum level, we can derive a systematic indexing technique which will help us to understand the development levels of urban slums. In this paper we attempt to develop a composite index of development of slums which will mitigate the tasks of government and other public bodies to understand their development and hence take the appropriate measures.

Devadasi practice is old practice and Devadasi means 'servants to gods'. It was prevailed during the ancient days to exploit the women. Due to the awareness about the evils associated with this practice, it was banned by government recently. But the existing Devadasis are facing many challenges and problems in the society. The paper is based on the field data collected on problems and challenges of Devadasis in Bijapur district. Total 120 Devadasis from Bijapur district in Karnataka were interviewed to collect the primary data. The findings revealed that illiteracy, negligence, exploitation, sexual harassment, forced prostitution, lower income, etc are few of the problems faced by Devadasis in Bijapur district. Even though there are many rehabilitation and welfare schemes, still only a few of the Devadasis have got benefits from such schemes, as many of the Devadasis are not aware about these schemes. It is suggested to give self-employment training and financial assistance to Devadasis to form their livelihood and strictly ban on the Devadasi practice and forced prostitution.

The impact of Promotional Mix (namely Personal Selling, Advertising, Sales Promotion, and Public Relation) those factors are main factors for the accomplishments of a firm on consumers online purchase behavior for consume the online products and its helps to distinguish the products from the competitors. In this study, aim to how consumers are impact by promotional mix strategies. Quantitative data was collected using the non-probability self administered questionnaire that consist of questions with 5-points Likert scales distributed to our samples of individuals. By using Regression and Correlation analysis, it is found that, promotional mix factors are significant to consumers purchase online products. Regression results showed that promotional factors are (personal selling, advertising, sales promotion, and public relation) have positive and significant impact on consumers' online purchasing behavior.

Family, being the most basic social institution of the human society, has undergone some basic changes over a period of time due to some factors and needs. This paper is an attempt to sketch a picture about the modern family and how this has undergone changes and nature of changes since its inception. The validity of the definitional characteristics, the factors that have exerted forces on family for the structural and functional changes, the actual structural changes that have occurred, the functional changes that have occurred have also been appeared in the relevant sections of the paper.

Seasonal variations play an important role in nutritional content (protein, glycogen and lipid) in mollusc. Environmental factors like temperature, salinity changes as change in seasons which affects on consumption and availability of molluscan food. Besides this, their various physiological processes are concerned respective to season like reproduction. Heavy rainfall is one of the responsible factor for nutritional content in mollusc. Variation in protein, glycogen and lipid with spawning in marine gastropod molluscs. Giese (1969) had emphasized that mollusc lack discrete nutrition storage depots such as the vertebrate liver, the subdermal and mental adipose tissue of mammals and lipid of lower invertebrate. Therefore nutrients storage occurs primarily through production of new cellular elements, seasonal shifts in protein, lipid and glycogen level are merely reflections of their relative rates of synthesis and degradation.

This study is conducted on primary vidya sahayak teachers relating variable like gender and qualification. 3059 vidya sahayak teacher were selected as a sample form primary schools of utter Gujarat region (mehsana,patan,sabarkantha and banaskantha). Data is collected by using self made opinionnaire. Collected data is analyzed by using statistical techniques like mean s.d. and 't' test. The major findings of the study denotes that problems of female teachers were seen high with comparison of male teachers in the context of gender and qualification also but the ratio of problems was seen equal between male & female others and between male p.t.c. & male other in the context of qualification.

The key implication of the study is to know the impact of Socio-Economic status on the performance of Muslim High School Teachers. If we come to know the actual condition of socio-economic status of Muslim teachers then we can drive that teachers having positive socio-economic factor have positive impact on their satisfaction and vice versa. If job satisfaction is associated with socio-economic conditions then teachers can perform their duties whole heartedly and end product will prove beneficial for the whole society. The present study has been prepared with the objectives, to Study about Socio-Economic Status of Muslim Women Teachers, to examine the role of education in their life. And to study about the Muslim women Teachers Job satisfaction.

Normal healthy seeds of Sesbania Grandiflora (L) Pers treated with ultraviolet radiations (UV) at 96 erg mm2 Sec 1 for two hours. Stimulatory effect of enabryonie development in the form of radical and plumule growth was noticed. Intial faster root and shoot growth created better plant stand. Seeds were given 1hr, 2hr, 3hr, 4hr,5hr& 6hr exposure of UV Radiation.The seed germination percentage was significantly increased after the seeds given exposure of U.V radiations for 2 hours. Root Shoot length also shows significant increase when the seeds were exposed to U.V Radiation for 2 hours. A higher dose of exposures of U.V. Radiations was not found more significant

The main purpose of this study seeks to discuss the worldwide developments in international arbitration by the use of a wide general review of the related data right up to the present date as well as understanding of this important and growing field. Research Questions: This study seeks to answer to two main questions; 1) how did the arbitration grow in the universe? And, 2) what is the global position of International Commercial Arbitration? Methodology: The methods which used in this study contain Descriptive and Historical research method which carried out in International Commercial Arbitration. This study is based on the most recent commentary, research articles, books, international institutional yearbooks and court decisions referenced and reported in selected national, regional and international journals

:Review of literature is a systematic process of reading, analyzing, summarizing and organizing various scholarly data on a specific field or topic. It can be explained as a text written by someone which includes substantive findings as well theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic & this text is studied by researchers/ scholar for further research in same field. In this research various research papers were considered by researcher to create a clear picture of training in today's time and its relation with other factors.

The World Health Organization conceptualized mental health separate from mental ill-health and defined the concept as: “a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her own community” (WHO, 2007). On a societal level, mental health is perceived as a positive source contributing to asset development individually, socially, and economically (WHO, 2004). Positive mental health is also link to better physical health, increased pro-social behaviors, and participation in less adverse behaviors in adolescence (Resnick, 2000).

This article provides policymakers with context for understanding past and future policy discussions regarding Social Security widow benefits. It examines three types of benefits those for aged widows, widows caring for children, and disabled widows. The economic well-being of aged widows has shifted from one of widespread hardship to one in which above-poverty, but still modest, income typically prevails. Many aged widows experience a decline in their standard of living upon widowhood, a pattern which is pronounced among those with limited education. Widow's caring for children have been a sizeable beneficiary group historically, but policy changes and demographic trends have sharply reduced the size of this group. Family Social Security benefits ensure a modest level of household income for widows caring for children. Disabled widows differ from the other groups because they are at higher risk for poverty.

The responsibility of the Government is to ensure the implementation of RTE Act, 2009. As education is in concurrent list, the Central and State governments are both responsible for ensuring effective implementation of the Act. In addition to the Government's initiative, the private sector has also played a role in promoting the state of education in the country and continues to do so. This study is an attempt to explore the role the private sector have to play in the implementation of the RTE 2009.

In the recent report of Global Hunger Index 2011 to 2013 India ranks 63rd in malnutrition. India has past away Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and China in malnutrition. Sri Lanka ranks 43, Pakistan 57, Bangladesh 58 and No. 1 populated country in the world China ranks 6 in this report. According to the report 21 crore out of 84.20 crore means 25% of world's hungry people live in India. Despite, India being one of the biggest producers of food supplies there are millions of hungry poor who urgently need cheap and affordable food. So in India there is need of food security to the poor people.

In this study, concept mapping was used as a pedagogical tool for enhancing teaching and learning. The purpose of the study was to explore the nature of visual concept mapping as a pedagogical tool, and to study its effectiveness in relation to learning style preferences. This paper reports on how the concept mapping was used as both an instructional and learning tool. Theories of distributed cognition have informed how efficient groups use and develop their expertise further by recognizing how a system of minds and artifacts can work efficiently together (Hutchins, 1995). Likewise, educational contexts can benefit a system of minds, tools, and artifacts where learners learn with, from and about each other.

In this paper an analysis of India is the fifth largest power producing country in the world. India's growing population in a geometric means has broadened the challenges for providing sufficient electricity to the consumers at large. With the overall growth of the country, power has become uttermost need to pump the process. In this context a study has been under taken for the period's from 2000-01 to 2010-11, to see whether there is any systematic relationship between the movement of demand and supply in power position in India. The present paper has been divided into three parts. The first part deals with demand and supply position of power in India. The second part analyses consumption pattern of power by various sectors in India. The last part is devoted to suggesting perspective fruitful rice power policies. The overarching purpose of this study is to consider the impact of power sector in India

Housing is one of the basic needs for human existence. The present paper intends to analyze the various major housing schemes of the Government of Karnataka. It is based on secondary data. An article analyze the housing condition in Karnataka; conceptual issues, housing problems of the rural poor, strategies for improving rural housing schemes, problems of finance and policy implications. In order to improve the environment of human settlements, Government should provide drinking water, sanitation and other basic facilities at the residential area.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) was passed on 25th August 2005 and renamed Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in 2009 with the objectives are provide work at remunerative wages of landless labourers and marginal farmers and create assets for raising agricultural productivity. The Expenditure on NREGA for 2009-10 was to the tune of Rs.33,540 crores. The highest NREGA expenditure was incurred in the State of Uttar Pradesh, followed by Rajasthan. Expenditure in Uttar Pradesh exceeded the central share released. By March 2012 MGNREGA was expanded in 626 districts, 12.07 crores job cards issues and 3.77 crores employment provided to house-holds and Rs.40,000 crores expenditure in the country. The study has tried to capture the effect of MGNREGA by selecting villages in the Rayalaseema Region (Anantapur, Chittoor, Kadapa and Kurnool) of Andhra Pradesh

Learning disability is a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding in using language. Spoken or written that may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations. Student who one identified with learning disability have average or above-average intelligence and do not have any major secondary problems such as blindness or hearing impairment or cognitive challenges. Such students struggle and lag behind to keep up with people of the same age in acquiring basic academic skills such as reading, listening, Speaking, writing, spelling, mathematic calculations, reasoning and in daily functioning.

The aim of research was to investigate the comparative effect of yoga and Aerobic exercises on selected personality variables of school girls. To achieve the purpose of ninety (90) girls were selected from N. K. High school, Nanded as a subject & they were divided in to three groups i.e. control group & experimental group A assigned Yoga exercises and Experimental group B assigned Aerobic Exercises for 8 weeks criterion variable was personality measure by IPAT's H. S .P. Q. Test (personality test measuring of 14 factors). Analysis of covariance was assists to find out the post test mean different among the treatment groups

India is a country with largest number of retailers. India economy is showing growing trends owing to a number of reasons and raising income of middle class consumers is prominent one. India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world and one of the largest in terms of purchasing power parity. It has been called a nation of retailers since centuries. The contribution of retail-sector in the total Gross Domestic Product is 14 percent and near about 3Cr people derives their income from retail treading activities. Retailing has been a family's source of revenue, with their shop in the front and house at the back, while they run the retail business. More than 99 per cent retailer's have a space less than 500 square feet of shops.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the status of Tuberculosis (TB) among the local population of district Dir (Lower). Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan visited to health care center.An epidemiological descriptive study was design. The study was carried out during the period of January 2010 to December 2010. The data was collected from the local TB center and Hospitals located in different area of district Dir (L). Total 1385 entries were recorded officially in which 510 (36.82%) are positive and 875 (63.18%) are negative. The registered cases for TB were categorized by sex wise, age wise and area wise

Problems of Marketing a)It is only one plan, some other similar plans are not available, people not satisfied. Very many similar plans were introduced earlier but these were withdrawn. Jivan Dhara plan (96) issued on (10.10.87) & withdrawn on 16.2.2000 no. pension 1% per month i.e. 12% P.A. single & Annual both premiums allowed. It is deferred annuity (Pension) plan in which pension is not payable immediately but after vesting date which is opted by the policy holder which may be in between 2 to 35 years.

The world is witnessing the emerging era of communication technology which keeps adapting itself with the ever changing needs of younger generation. The objective of this study was to uncover the underlying dynamics of Social Networking Sites usage among the younger generation discovering their preferences and factors influencing the use of such sites. This paper identified the positive reasons for the popularity of SNS including making and finding friends and enjoying leisure time. The study also discusses their perception regarding the negative and the positive dimensions of SNS. Results indicate that Facebook and Twitter were among the top grossing SNSs among the youth. Negative impact of these sites include invasion of privacy in the form of pictures misuses, duplication of identity. The data available from the study clearly points out that young people are more attracted towards Social Networking Sites for socialising.

In this study, an attempt has been made to study the parental behaviour of higher secondary students in cuddalore district. Parental behaviour scale developed and validated by the researcher has been used for the present study. This tool was administered to a stratified random sample of 836 higher secondary students in cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. The normative survey method has been followed for the present study. The result of the study reveals that the level of parental behaviour of first year higher secondary students for entire sample is average. Among the four dimensions of behaviour, parent's authoritative behaviour of the first year higher secondary students is high and the parent's permissive behaviour of higher secondary students is low.

An extensive study was conducted to find out the time budgeting of Indian Rhino in Orang National Park. For this, Scan Animal Sampling (Altman, 1974) was found to be suitable for sampling the activity budgeting of Indian Rhino in Orang National Park. The Ad. Libitum Sampling method (Altman, 1974) was also used to record the important activities between two scans. The study revealed that, the Indian Rhino showed distinct variation of activity pattern throughout the year. A maximum of 46.2% time was spent on feeding activities followed by 18.4% on wallowing, 15.1% on vigilance, 9.1% on locomotion, 8.01% on resting and 3.1% on other miscellaneous activities. The results clearly indicates that, feeding is the guiding factor which has an effect on time allocation in various activities. Similar trend of time allocation on various actvities was also found in different seasons.

A person who has a high level of satisfaction with their life, and who experiences a greater positive affect and little or less negative effect, would be deemed to have a high level of Subjective Well-being. This perspective places focus on meaning in life and Self- realization and the extent to which a person fully integrates this into his or her life. When psychologists measure Subjective Well-being, they are measuring how people think and feel about their lives. The three components of SWB viz, life satisfaction, positive affect and negative effect, are independent factors that should be measured and studied separately (Lucas, Diener & Suh, 1996). Thus, the presence of positive affect does not mean the absence of negative affect and vice versa.

The study of health care facilities is the integral part of Medical Geography. Health care is defined as a programme of services that should make available all facilities of health and allied services necessary to promote and maintain the health of mind and body. In this paper researcher has attempted to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of the existing health care facilities available in Marathwada region. The units like Primary health centers, Health sub-centers, Hospitals, Dispensaries, and number of Hospital beds, Nurses and Doctors available are also considered for this study.

In the past few decades, organizational knowledge creation (OKC) has impacts on organization and allowed firms to lower costs and improved efficiency. To survive and thrive in a dynamic environment it is crucial that life insurance organizations should be able to adapt themselves to every changing circumstance. This can be done by being sensitive to changes outside and inside the organization and by acting on it both effectively and efficiently. New knowledge is created by the groups of employees. Constantly creating new knowledge is very important. Without this, the organization knowledge reservoir would be rapidly become outdated.

:Infrastructure plays a pivotal role in overall productivity resulting in the development of the economy as well as improving the quality of life. The Physical Infrastructure i.e. energy transport, irrigation, finance, communication and social infrastructure i.e. education and health contributes significantly in fastering the pace of economic development. The process of creation of infrastructural facilities generates employment and simultaneously accelerates the economic growth.

The kitchen today is the most used rooms in the whole house and it is being emphasized with the Modern technologies. Kitchen planning with ergonomic concepts inducted is the need of the hour in order to have a stress free homemaking activity. The interior spaces of buildings are designed as places for human movement, activity and repose. There should be a fit between the form and dimensions of interior spaces and our own body dimensions. Our body movements are the vital aspect on how a kitchen should be designed for a homemaker. The dimensions would result on how we reach for something on a top or bottom shelf, perform work, sit down at a table or lean against any space. Ergonomics play a vital role in designing a kitchen area free from fatigue, reduction of unnecessary movements and excessive expenditure of human energy and time. The main aim was to study the Usage of Ergonomically Designed Kitchen by the homemakers in Chennai. Ex post facto research design was used for this study. A sample of 1000 Homemakers were randomly selected for survey with 500 using Ordinary and 500 using Modular Kitchens.

Multi-disciplinary program of Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India i.e. Natural Resources Database Management System (NRDMS) aims at developing an integrated database in order to facilitate decentralized planning for effective rural development. The NRDMS centres in Sri Soban Singh Jeena Campus College, Almora and BIT, Mesra, Ranchi have generated a number of thematic layers in GIS domain, which provide district, block and village level spatial information along with attribute data like census data. This database along with the Decision Support System (DSS) would help the planners in identifying the present gaps in planning process gaps and adopting a e-Governance approach towards decentralized planning.

Today, the Indian apparel and textile industry employs around 35.0 million people (and is the 2nd largest employer), yields 1/5th of the total export earnings and contributes 4 % to the GDP thereby making it the largest industrial sector of the economy. The sector aims to grow its revenue to US$ 85bn, its export figures to US$ 50bn and employment to 12 million by the year 2010 (Texmin 2005). The Indian textiles industry that already has an overwhelming presence in the economic life of the country has been given a further boost with the scrapping of quotas in global trade of textiles and clothing. I

Proper diagnosis of the problem is a crucial stage in community development. For proper diagnosis analysis is the first stage. How many people are suffering because of the problem, the social implications of the problem, the resources and energy needed to solve the problem, nature and extent of the problem, etc are very crucial aspects in community organization. Unless community becomes homogenous, people will not come together to solve their problems, therefore making aware about the existing problems and motivating them for taking action is very crucial in community organization. Community education for problem analysis is very essential aspect. For this purpose the professional social worker has to collect various types of information related to the social problems. Prioritization of the problems depending upon the resources is a key action in community organization. Various processes of problem analysis, its stages and the procedures are discussed in detail along with tools and checklist of the community problems and situation analysis.

To improve the speed precision and stabilization of the gimbal servo system of double gimbal magnetically suspended control moment gyro, a comprehensive analysis of the reason of electromagnetic torque ripples of BLDC motor with nonideal back electromotive force (EMF) drives in commutation and conduction regions is presented. A novel automatic control method of torque is proposed. With this method. the current control rule is designed, and duty cycle of pulse width modulation (PWM) is regulated by measuring the wave function of back electromotive force. To eliminate the diode freewheeling of inactive phase, the PWM_ON_PWM scheme is used and PI controller is used for the speed regulation. Simulation results are given to show the comparison between HIGH_PWM_L_ON scheme and proposed PWM_ON_PWM scheme, the proposed methos can reduce the torque ripple effectively and improve the speed precision and stabilization as well.

Spics such as garlic black pepper, clove, ginger, cuminod caraway are used extensively in Indian diet (Arora and Kavr, 1999) in spices and herbs used today are valued for their antimicrobial activities and medicinal values in addition to their flavor and fragrance qualities (Shan et al., 2007). These phytochemicals present in the spices are capable to attack beneficial and to repeal harmful organism and they serve as phytoprotectants, moreover numerous class of isoflavones, anthocyanins and flavonoids are also found associated with the spices. Among the difference spices clove extracts have biological activities such as antibacterial antifungal insecticidal and antioxidant properties and are used traditionally as flavoring agent and as a antimicrobial agent in food industry (Huang, Ho, Lee & Yap, 2002; Lee & Shibamoto 2001; Velluti Sanchis Ramos & Marin 2003).

Fruit juices are valuable from the nutritional point of view. They are rich in minerals, vitamins and other nutritive factors. In developed countries it is used a part of their diets. Researchers are going to produce safe high quality fresh juices which have good taste and longer shelf life through controlled minimal processing techniques. Microorganisms play a vital role in contamination and spoilage of fruit juices. The pathogens like Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, E.coli were transmitted through fruit juices. 12 different natural fruit juices are processed to isolate and identification of microorganisms present in it. It includes Staphyloccus aureus, Salmonella sp, Bacillus cerus, Streptococcus faecalis.

After the cold war period, the efforts were made by the Presidents of US and Prime Ministers of India to improve the relations between respective countries. As a result, the relations between India and US are improved in the last decade of twentieth century. It was become a turning point in the relations between India and US in the twenty-first century. India and US have signed many agreements and made cooperation in different activities such as trade, FDI, Security and Defence, Nuclear deals, education, human rights, space, etc. So the paper deals with these issues between both the nations in brief.

During the 20 century studies on religious practices and traditions of the early Turkish rule have made sufficient headway, in spite of the limited scope and availability of contemporary source materials. The study of th medieval Islam as a religion with a total impact on Hindustan was not wholly neglected by 20 century historians even when, as during the first forty years of this century, narrative political history dominated modern th historiography on medieval India. In the early 20 century, Thomas Arnold, Murray Titus, Mohammad Wahid Mirza and nearer independence and partition, Mohammad Habib, A.B.M. Habibullah and K. A. Nizami have directed their attention to the religious aspects of the Muslim 'presence' in India. But it would not be unfair to say that their contributions, however important individually, did not control the main thrust and the direction of historical works on medieval India before 1947. Their works did not have any appreciable effect upon the forms, technique and scope of such standard general histories as the Oxford History of India (London, 1919); The Cambridge History of India, Volume-III, (Cambridge, 1928) and Ishwari Prasad's History of Medieval India (1925).

Concept of Co-curricular Activities Before discussing the importance and need of co-curricular activities, let us be clear about the concept of co-curricular activities. Four decades ago it was comparatively easy to define co-curricular activities because all of them were organised and promoted largely by students themselves, with relatively little assistance from teachers and administrators. Equipments were meager, little official recognition was given and no credit was allowed for participation. These activities were really extracurricular. Today, it is difficult to define co-curricular activities because all teachers have some definite responsibilities for their organisation; many full time professional teachers are employed, school rooms, time, equipment and materials are provided; their relationships with regular curricular activities are regarded as vital; credit for participation is allowed and recognition is also given

An exploit is existence of a weakness; if a weakness is present, it can be exploited. More technical term used for the weakness is vulnerability. Vulnerability is a security flaw found within certain technology. The technology can be an operating system, all application program, a network protocol, a mathematical algorithm, or sometimes a hardware component, such as buffer memory of network interface card.

'Commerce' is the trading of 'something' of value between two entities. That 'something' may be goods, services, information, money, or anything else the two entities consider to have value. Trading was the main facility in earlier times with barter facility for goods and services. Later, currency was introduced as standardized money to facilitate a wider exchange of goods and services. Today's era is an information era and the world is passing through an Information revolution. One of the profound consequences of the information revolution is its influence on how economic value is created and extracted. Today the information is more easily accessed, absorbed, arranged and is priced in different ways. Markets are expanding from regional to global. Knowledge is replacing land, labour and capital as the key value driver. Inteligent networks and virtual spaces are limiting the need for surface and air travel.