Israel unleashed “operation cast lead” on December 27 with the declared aim of ending rocket attacks into Israel from Gaza that resumed after six month truce ended. International efforts to halt the conflict sought new impetus after the UN Security council failed even to agree the wording of the statement on the conflict with the US giving strong backing to Israel . Meanwhile the U.N. Security council failed to agree on a Libyan draft calling for an immediate halt to fighting on account of U.S. objections. The number of Palestine death during the period-935 wounding 4260.Hamas offered stiff resistance against the Israelis with no credible support to stop the war. Mr. Brown is accused toeing line like his predecessor Tony Blair in the Iraqi invasion and the Israeli attacks of Lebanon in 2006.The 21 day intense and relentless campaign did not put an end to the barrage of rockets from Gaza strip.

-In India, the problems of farmers suicide due to agriculture failure, urbanisation problems as a consequence of rural migration, and unemployment goes on increasing. The main reason behind these are lack of sufficient policy measures towards strengthening of non-farm sectors like agriculture based cottage, village and small scale industries in the rural areas which are providing more employment and livelihood incomes to the rural people. Out of many indigenous knowledge based cottage industries in India, the bamboo based industry is one of the best performing industry with large scope for exports. With a view to better insight into the bamboo based industries the SWOT analysis is made. This paper analyse the Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats of the bamboo based industries in Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu.

The paper seeks to discuss the condition of depressed classes, the political and social victims, the circumstances for creation of the Labour Department and its overall activities concerning over the rehabilitation issues of the Depressed Classes in the second and third decades of the Twentieth Century. It also makes an appraisal about the performances of the Labour Department from the views of the Depressed Classes Leaders. Several developments during the First World War years brought the issue of elevation of 'depressed classes 'who were the political and social victims for long years, into the forefront. The reformist minded Congressmen wanted the government to undertake a thorough review of its ameliorative programmes for the Depressed Classes, the so called social and political victims. The Government created a separate Labour Department to look after the issues of the depressed class labourers. By passing Immigration Act, the Government opened the gates for the free migration ol Depressed Class labourers which much affected the economic and social fabric of Tamil society. Hence the Justice Party castigated the Labour Department and the Depressed Class leaders like M.C.Rajah was not satisfied over the performances of the Labour department. But the Labour Department survived of the pressure which came from both Justicite and Depressed Class leaders for its abolition. Its body and works were expanded.

-The increased industrial activities and urban growth along the rivers and lakes has resulted in pollution load over the water. In the present study physicochemical parameters and concentration of heavy metals in Nag River near the village Temasna were studied. The Parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, Calcium, Magnesium, Fluoride, Total Hardness and BOD were studied. The concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb) from the two water samples were detected. The conc. of Fe and Zn were found to be higher than the permissible limits given by WHO.

In Sikhism, there is an ideal unity of thought, action, mission and vision of Sikh Gurus. Guru Nanak laid the strong foundation of Sikh religious doctrines. His successor Sikh Gurus carried forward the Divine mission of Guru Nanak and laid supreme and incomparable sacrifices in the history of mankind. The Holy Sikh Scripture i.e. Shri Guru Granth Sahib commands that every human being should make an effort to merge with Supreme Being. In order to accomplish this highest goal of individual's life the Sikh Gurus insisted on the path of adoring love for God.They advised the seekers of this path to sing the Divine hymns in Sangat to contemplate the true Name of the God. Guru Nanak with his lifelong companion Bhai Mardana who plays the rabab recited the Divine hymns and started the tradition of Kirtan to facilitate the Sikh devotees to realize the Ultimate Reality.

English Language has been pressed into service all over the world for a variety of purposes in such diverse fields as technology, medicine, commerce etc., we recognize the growing importance of English for purposes of International, economic, commercial transactions. Acquiring a working knowledge of this language has been the ambition of young men and women, who have had no opportunity of learning it. This explains the popularity of hundreds of private institutions springing up in the towns and cities spread over the entire country. There is a dire need of toned- up English teaching to give our students a fair deal through the proper and correct methodology of learning the language hence, this paper vividly discusses the mastery of the language worldwide. Key words (International, economic, commercial transactions, dire need, springing up)

Indian social system, values and codes of conduct prescribed in the scriptures and sacred texts, and as they have evolved through the ages, have enjoined not only the proper care of the elderly but also assigned to them a position of honor and authority in most matters connected with the family. The position and status of the old have, however, been seriously undermined by factors such as: changing values, growing individualism and rising aspirations for consumer goods as a result of the impact of education, urbanization westernization and industrialization made the negligence of elderly people. Government of India introduced a policy “National Policy for Senior Citizens 2011”

Globalization has laid down a way for all the countries to adopt a single set of accounting standards.Recent years have seen major changes in financial reporting worldwide under which the most obvious is the continuing adoption of IFRS worldwide. More than 100 countries have converged or recognized the police of convergence with the IFRS. IFRS are the globally accepted accounting standards and interpretations adopted by the IASB.An upcoming economy on world economic map, India, too, decided to converge to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). InIndia, ICAI has decided to adopt the IFRS by April 2011. This paper discusses the IFRS adoption procedure in India and the utility for India in adopting IFRS, the problems and challenges faced by the stakeholders and its impact on India. Lastly, paper concludes with the ways through which these problems can be addressed.

Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicine. The most ancient yet living traditions. There has been increased global interest in traditional medicine. Efforts to monitor and regulate herbal drugs and traditional medicine are underway. Ayurveda still needs more extensive scientific research and evidence base. This review gives an overview of basic principles and commonalities of TIM discusses key determinants of success, which these great traditions need to address to compete in global markets. India is country of natural gifted of so many hurbles, Ayurvedic medicine which is gifted by nature. But still so many people are suffering from so many problems like, internal diseases and externals due to hack tic work pressure, competition and artificial treatments. Every day approximately 1/3rd of us die because of heart attack is finding these day a very frequently in all age groups in our country, because of so many causes.

Today's women must balance the family income using their prospective and skills that they acquire. Now they are the important part of economic development. They also produce employment opportunities and supply in improving family's living standard. Hence in the present study an attempt is made to examine the occupational, social and health problems faced by women employees in public sector commercial banks related to work performance. The Stratified Random Sampling Technique has been used in order to collect the primary data. Questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 50 women employees located in Tuticorin city of Tamilnadu, working in public sector commercial banks were surveyed. The data collected were organized and subjected to descriptive (number, percentage, mean & standard deviation) and inferential statistical analysis (Chi-square test for homogeneity). The data was collected during the period September – November 2013. Generally women employees working in the banks are facing the problems relating to health. It is inferred from the table that most of the health problems faced by women employees mainly relate to the problem of severe head ache was ranked first followed by severe backache problem. Problem of stress were ranked third, eyesight problem ranked fourth and throat related problems were ranked fifth respectively. The chi square test of significance does not show any significant association between occupational stress and opinion of the female respondents.

Mathematics education requires a strong foundation. The strong foundation in students is laid through compulsory Mathematics learning in schools. The curricula are organized in a graded fashion so that students in lower classes need to master the basic skills in order to move to the next skill. Once they move to the next skill, they need to recall and apply what they have learnt before, because of the internal correlation within the subject. Hence, recalling abilities of students play a significant role in learning Mathematics. Researches done in this area have identified familiarity, concreteness, imagery and signability as the major factors influencing the recalling abilities of students (Lang and Pagliaro, 2007). The present study aimed to compare the ratings of familiarity, concreteness, imagery and signability of Geometric terms in recalling among students with and without hearing impairment. A total of 90 students with and without hearing impairment from special and mainstream schools participated in the study. The scores obtained on developed rating scales were treated statistically using Pearson correlation. The ratings on signability of geometric terms among students with hearing impairment was found better than that of their hearing peers. On the other hand, ratings on imagery of geometric terms among students without hearing impairment was found better than that of their hearing impaired peers.

Uttarakhand was formed as a separate state on 9 Nov 2000, it was carved out of hilly region of Uttar Pradesh. The neighboring states are Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. It shares international boundaries with China and Nepal and thus occupies an important place both geographically and politically. The state inherited several natural gifts and as well as socio-economic problems. It is blessed with immense treasure of nature such as snow clad Peaks, mountains, rivers, glaciers, rich flora and fauna and vibrant wild life. At the same time tuff geographical conditions, lack of irrigation facilities, poor transportation facilities do not makes the area suitable for agriculture and other industries. In such a case tourism could be one of the best solutions. Tourism is on the top priority agenda of the government of Uttarakhand, as the state is blessed with natural beauty, it is believed that state will face a boom in tourism in coming years. The paper aims at analyzing the scope of upcoming adventure tourism in Uttarakhand.

In the recent past several studies have reported the water bodies becoming increasingly contaminated due to domestic and industrial wastes. The Sanjivani Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Limited, Sahajanandnagar, Tal – Kopargaon Maharashtra State (India) having important factor in rural economy of Ahmednagar district & is situated at Sahajanandnagar of Kopargaon Taluka. It is useful in development of many other industries such as distillary, biogas plant, acetaldehyde plant, acetic acid plant and spirit production. The area of Kopargaon has been developed by this sugar mill because of the income gained by the farmers and the rural people of the surrounding area. But its liquid effluent containing heavy as well as toxic metals and having bad odour which have posed the threat to the ecological balance of rural area around. To minimize this problem industry have started plants such as biogas plant, distillery plant etc. to make use of the polluted liquid effluent for production of biogas and alcohol beverages. This treated liquid effluent can be used as a fertilizer. The present study deals with the physico-chemical parameters and metals such as Ca, Mg, etc. determined by different analysis methods & compare the limits with standards available for us.

Education is considered as an instrument of peaceful revolution in different areas of life of the individual as well of the society. 'Right to Education' has been included as fundamental right by the 86th amendment to the constitution introduced in 2002 under article 21A. Children are universally recognized as the most important asset of any nation. They are the most valuable of the resources of a nation and thus deserves the best that mankind can give. Children need special protection as they are the most vulnerable section of human society and because of their fragile state of development children are readily susceptible to abuse and neglect. If they are not protected and ensured in totality children are deprived from basic rights and get exploited remain underprivileged and vulnerable. They became victims of many evil practices misused and forced to live under sub human conditions. Though there are child right convention, constitutional provisions, enactments, child welfare policies/ programs, National Child Rights commission, five year plans, NGO initiatives etc for the protection and care of the children .They are suffering from many problem such as child labour, child trafficking, child abuse, drop out from school, taking education in inhuman conditions etc. thus role of parent in ensuring rights of children is very important one.

Today, In India, most of the Libraries are currently at various stages of evolution in the use of Informational Technology Applications. This paper presents the results of a research study conducted to survey the Information Technology Applications in major Technical Institute Libraries of Karnal, Haryana. It describes also the current status of IT application, computer based services and in these college libraries. Some problems and difficulties are also discussed being faced by the library authorities in applying the IT applications in the technical institute libraries. Application of IT in academic environment in Karnal increased regularly in the recent decades. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the information technology applications in five technical institute libraries in Karnal, Haryana by investigating the current status of IT applications, state-of-the art and present scenario, availability of information technology facilities, use of computer based services, OPAC, networking, software package used and subscription of library consortium of main objectives of the study.

Based on an analysis of various policies and 'National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education: Towards Preparing Professional and Humane Teacher', this paper draws together certain issues concerned with teacher education, arguing that improving teacher education programs in evolving Indian society is the need of hour. Then, this analysis is used to appraise the dimensions of those policies on various aspects of teacher education. This paper concludes with thoughts on some promising directions for the improvement of the teacher education programs.

As economic globalization increases the competition and creates a climate of constant change, winning and keeping customers has never been more important. Nowadays, Banks have realized that customer relationships are a very important factor for their success. Customer relationship management (CRM) is a strategy that can help them to build long-lasting relationships with their customers and increase their revenues and profits. CRM in the banking sector is of greater importance.Traditionally, few people changed their banks unless serious problems occurred during the past days Consumers largely selected their banks based on how convenient the location of bank's branches was to their homes or offices. With the advent of new technologies in the business of bank, such as Internet Banking and ATMs, now customers can freely chose any bank for their transactions. Thus, the customer base of banks has increased, and so has the choices of customers for selecting the banks. Organization of financial institutions were focus on customer centric rather than product centric assumption and reflected in their marketing policies. Marketing operations consist of two activities: acquisition and retention of customers. In the world of mass and target marketing, the focus was on the acquisition side. On the other hand, in the world of relationship marketing, attention shifted to retention. This happened mainly because of the cost involved. In general, it is believed that it is five to 10 times more expensive to acquire a new customer than obtain repeat business from an existing customer. As the needs of customers became diversified, conventional promotions became less efficient and drove up costs.The pressures of competitive and dynamic markets have contributed to the growth of CRM in the Financial Services Sector.

Feathers are composed of over 90% protein and produced in large amount of solid waste and deposited in aquatic environment leads to various diseases to human and aquatic animals. Microbial degradation using wild and mutant strains of B. cereus and P. aeruginosa is an effective process to remediate feather waste. These organisms were widely found in rotted feather and soil of poultry waste. The degradation rate was also high mutant strains of B. cereus compared to P. aeruginosa and wild strains of both. SDS-PAGE analysis proved that the mutant strains had longer polypeptide chains of keratinase enzyme than wild type. Therefore it is an effective method of degradation and the end product also acts as an animal meal.

he aim of present study was to search the emotional intelligence and self esteem among sportsmen and non-sportsmen. Total 120 participated were involved in that study among them 60 sportsmen and 60 non-sportsmen. The age range of subjects where 18 to 25 years.....

The aim of the present study was to investigate anthelmintic potential of ethanolic bud extract of Syzygium aromaticum by using Pheritma posthuma as test worms.Three concentrations (2.5 , 5 and 10 mg/ml) of etahnolic bud extracts of S.aromaticum were tested in the assay. Albendazole (20 mg/ml) was used as a standard reference and distilled water as a control.The time of paralysis and the the time of death of worms were considered as the parameters to asses the anthelmintic action. It was noticed in the investigation that the time of paralysis and the death of worms was dose dependent and was much earlier in all three test concentrations of ethanolic bud extract of S. aromaticum as compared to Albendazole (Standard). From the result it is concluded that the ethanolic bud extract of S.aromaticum is much potent anthelmintic natural source which might be helpful against the helminthes infection.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks S.A.Q. training programme on selected physical fitness variables. Method: For the purpose of study the subjects were 30 male cricket players from Bilaspur. The subjects were selected randomly from the group of students attending the regular cricket match practice sessions at GGU ground, Bilaspur. The researcher had been selected the following variables for the present study: physical fitness Variables: i.e. Speed, agility, Reaction Time, Explosive Strength, and Flexibility. The data was collected before and after eight weeks of training. The participant were tested on 50-metre sprint(speed), 4*10 meter shuttle run (agility), scale drop test (reaction time), standing broad jump (explosive strength) and sit and reach test (flexibility). The data was analyzed by applying paired t-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Result: The findings of the present study have indicated that S.A.Q. drills training of eight weeks have significant effect on selected physical fitness variables i.e., speed, agility, reaction time, explosive strength, and flexibility of cricket players. Hence the hypothesis earlier set that S.A.Q. drills training programme would have been significant effect on selected physical fitness variables in light of the same the hypothesis is accepted. Conclusion: Significant effect of S.A.Q. training was found on Reaction time, explosive strength and Flexibility. Significant effect of S.A.Q. training was found on Speed agility, Quickness.

Nelson Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi are two names associated with the political history of South Africa and India respectively. Both were different in their attitudes and character. It is interesting to note that they have never met each other. It is said that Nelson Mandela is a follower of the principles of Mahatma Gandhi. It is interesting to note that Nelson Mandela's political career began in the year 1949 after Gandhi secured the independence of India. Mandela won the election in 1948 as the Afrikaner National Party stamped its authority over 'apartheid'. It is interesting to note that Mahatma Gandhi also worked for the removal of the guilt of looking people of the lower classes as untouchables. Nelson Mandela was elected as the first president of South Africa to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. On the other hand, Mahatma Gandhi never contested in any election prior to or after the independence of India. Mahatma Gandhi used non-violent, non-cooperation to oust the British from.....

Mango is the national fruit of India.Malda, aDistrict of W.B,is famous for its Mango production and well known as Mango distict.The economy of Malda heavily depended upon horticulture, mango culture.Mango producing Blocks of Malda are mainly Manik Chack, kalia chack, sujapur,Old Malda , chanchal, Gajole,Harischandra pur etc.In this writing I would like to put some light on the problems surrounding the mango cultre and its prospect.

Chaman Nahal, a contemporary novelist in Indian writing in English. Recipient of the Sahitya Academy Awardees, Chaman Nahal who is believed to give the most comprehensive treatment to the subject till date, has significantly contributed to the literature. Chaman Nahal, born in 1927 in Sialkot, India (now in Pakistan) and educated at Delhi University (M.A., 1948) and the University of Nottingham, England (Ph.D., 1961), was a professor of English at the Institute of Postgraduate Studies, Delhi University, and at Long Island University, New York, USA (from 1968-70). Between 1966 and 1973 he wrote a literary column for The Indian Express.

These days, micro and small enterprises are growing with the help of commercial banks. There are so many loan schemes available for MSEs to promote their entrepreneurial ideas through commercial banks. Thus, micro and small enterprises are motivated by commercial banks to start, expand and maintain their enterprises in a successful way without the problem of finance. Here, we study about the role of commercial banks in the growth of micro and small enterprises.

Feminist philosophy refers to philosophy approached from a feminist perspective. Feminist philosophy involves both attempts to use the methods of philosophy to further the cause of the feminist movements, and attempts to criticise or re-evaluate the ideas of traditional philosophy from within a feminist framework.

The present study was conducted to find out the comparative study of anxiety and academic achievement of secondary school students. It was found that Academic Anxiety of secondary school girls was average. Academic Anxiety of secondary school boys was low. Academic Achievement of secondary school boys was good and Academic Achievement of secondary school girls was good. There was significant correlation between anxiety and academic achievement of secondary school boys. There was significant correlation between anxiety and academic achievement of secondary school girls. The major findings of the study were there was found to be If the findings are truly and sincerely followed, it can have tremendous impact on education.

Knowledge management (KM) is the subject of much literature, discussion, planning and some action. Effectively implementing a sound KM strategy and becoming a knowledge-based company is seen as a mandatory condition of success for organizations as they enter the era of the knowledge economy. Yet KM remains a broadly ill-defined term, with many, often disparate management theories, applications and technologies claiming a place under the KM banner. Read individually, the literature often presents a single view of what is a multi faceted topic. The KM spectrum has been developed to assist organizations in understanding the range of KM options, applications and technologies available to them. It provides a view of the totality and complexity of the various KM theories, tools and techniques presented in the literature. It provides a frame work within which management can balance its KM focus and establish and communicate its strategic KM direction. Leaders of successful organizations are consistently searching for better ways to improve performance and results. Frequent disappointments with past management initiatives have motivated managers to gain new understandings into the underlying, but complex mechanisms – such as knowledge – which govern an enterprise's effectiveness. Knowledge Management, far from being a management 'fad', is broad, multi-dimensional and covers most aspects of the enterprise's activities. To be competitive and successful, experience shows that enterprises must create and sustain a balanced intellectual capital portfolio. They need to set broad priorities and integrate the goals of managing intellectual capital and the corresponding effective knowledge processes. This requires systematic Knowledge Management. With knowledge as the major driving force behind the 'economics of ideas', we can expect that the emphasis on knowledge creation, development, organization and leverage will continue to be the prime focus for improving society. This article introduces the KM spectrum as a synthesis of current KM theories, applications, tools and technologies described in the literature.

School is a social system in which teacher is involved in classroom management. Classroom management refers to the combined attributes of discipline, teaching strategies and organizational skills. Learning itself includes teaching. Managing learning is the key responsibility of teachers. For any teacher, skill of assessment for learning is the initial step because total teaching learning process is based on assessment. From, assessment only, a teacher makes further decisions how to plan, teach and manage. Teachers should act like learning managers for maximum output and should be competent in assessment of learning by using factual assessment approach. Therefore, pupil teachers should be trained for purposeful and factual assessment for learning and progress. In the present paper, skills associated with assessment of learning have been discussed and new techniques of assessment are described. The main objective of this research was to find out, how the pupil teachers of today are being trained for factual assessment for learning or as managers of learning.

The success or failure of the product is based on the level of customer satisfaction. If the customer is satisfied with a product then the demand for that product increases. Thus the quality and the positive attributes of a product determine the level of customer satisfaction. This research is based on customer satisfaction towards soft drinks in Thiruvarur District of Tamil Nadu. The type of the research used descriptive research in which both primary and secondary data were used. The sampling method adopted is non-probability convenient sampling method. The researcher has identified various attributes of the soft drinks and determined which attributes increases the customer satisfaction in the study area. This study also focuses on identifying which brand is most liked by the customer based on various attributes. It is found that the most of the customers have higher level of satisfaction towards the Coca Cola products and hence the demand for the Coca Cola will be more in Thiruvarur district in future.

In this digital era, the face of the classroom is changing. A teacher, who was once the sage on stage, is now a guide by the side facilitating the learning process rather than teaching. Teachers have to understand and refine their teaching methods and aids to facilitate learning for the learners of this era. The advancement in electronic media forces the teachers to change the traditional methods of teaching. The role of the teacher is also changing. Students need E-guru to explain the wealth of information available on-line. Therefore, a favourable attitude towards teaching through e-content is very much needed for teachers. The e-content have created a revolution in the content of education and in the nature of learning process. In this study, an attempt was made to study the Attitude towards Teaching through E-content among Primary and Upper primary School Teachers of Tirunelveli District. In the present study, random sampling technique was adopted to select a sample of 330 Teachers of Primary and Upper primary Schools and self made tool was used to collect data and for measuring the attitude of Teachers towards Teaching through E-content. The result revealed that there is no significant difference between male and female Teachers in their attitude towards Teaching through E-content.

Secondary metabolites are complex chemical compounds which formed in plant by secondary metabolism. In plant it is formed for the protection of the cell and in human beings it works against many diseases. These are present in different parts of the plant as leaves, flower, seed, rhizome, tuber etc. Since ancient time the seed and tuber of Nymphaea nauchali Burm f. are used as food and as herbal medicine for various diseases. The seed and tuber have potency against the diseases due the presence of secondary metabolite and other biofunctional chemical compounds. So this current study carried out for the qualitative evaluation of secondary metabolite as alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, saponin, steriod, tannin from seed and tuber of Nymphaea nauchali Burm. f.

Job satisfaction shows how content a person is in his/ her job.In the world of liberalization, globalization there is observed that the organization has some issues related to the job satisfaction. The job satisfaction is the attitude that carries the person to person of their own. The paper focus on the satisfaction level of employees working condition their job security etc. factors and the various methods to improve the job satisfaction of each and every employee. The finding in the paper was there is no link between the employee experience and their educational qualification, and there is no link between the employee experience and their work environment. The study uses the chi square test to find out the association. The sample size used in the study was the 100 employee's responses.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between Self confidence and emotional intelligence on athletic and nonathletic students. The sample included in this study was 80 college students from to Kannad taluka Dist. Aurangabad. 40 college students were athletic student and 40 students were nonathletic students. To assess the Self confidence and emotional intelligence of the subject the Self confidence and emotional intelligence inventory for college students. Proposed Statistical Procedure is Descriptive statistics i.e. Mean, S.D, will be computed and 't' test. Conclusion in this study On the basis of data and discussion of results, the hypotheses were tested and verified. Self confidence level Athletic students tend to show more than Non Athletic student's. Intra-personal awareness level Athletic students tend to show low than Non Athletic students. Inter-personal awareness level Athletic students tend to show low than Non Athletic students. Intra-personal management level Athletic students tend to show low than Non Athletic students. Inter-personal management level Athletic students tend to show low than Non Athletic students.

The co-operative banks have a history of almost 100 years. The co-operative banks are an important constituent of the Indian financial system judging by the role assigned to them, the expectations they are supposed to fulfill, their number, and the number of officers they....

The cultural make-up of the society generally reflects through the myths as they portray “a pattern of thinking which represents the collective unconscious of that particular culture” (Gandhy 76). India is a big storehouse of such myths. Indian epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata are the best examples of it. The major intention of myths is to entertain and teach morality to the society. In short, myths are sacred stories on which the social norms rested.

Banking sector in India play a very important role for country's economic growth. Banking companies include commercial banks and co-operatives banks. In banking sector major reforms have taken place particularly after 1991. Co-operative banks are one which is facing the numbers of problems and such banks are unable to survive them against public sector, private sector and foreign banks. The UCB's are facing the problems of Non-performing assets since so many years which indicate the performance of UCB's in India. The numbers of UCB's in India has declined is due to the increase in NPA and the RBI directive imposed over UCB's and large numbers of merger / amalgamation had taken place in the co-operative sector. Urban Co-operative banking Sector is an important constituent of Multi Agency banking system operation in the country. These institutions play an important role in the economic enlistment of lower and middle-income group of persons. The Reserve Bank of India in its annual report on trends and progress in banking states that urban banks are important purveyors of credit to small borrowers and to weak sections of the society but is not coming out with any supportive policies that will strengthen the role of UCBs. The term Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs), though not formally defined, refers to primary co-operative banks located in urban and semi-urban areas. These banks, till 1996, were allowed to lend money only for non-agricultural purposes. This distinction does not hold today. These banks were traditionally centered on communities, localities, work place groups. They essentially lend to small borrowers and businesses. Today, their scope of operations has widened considerably. Urban cooperative banks were set up with the objective of promoting sustainable banking practices amongst a relatively specific target clientele viz., the middle income strata of the urban population. They were brought under the regulatory ambit of the Reserve bank by extending certain provisions of the banking regulation act, 1949, effective from March 1, 1966.

This paper examines the concept of human development in two villages of Raichur district of Karnataka state the study has been conducted in Markamdinni of Deodurga Taluk and Kapgal of Manvi Taluk both belong to Raichur district. Objectives of the study is to know the socio-economic condition ,importance of human development and which village & social group is better off when compared . Human development increases the standard of living comparative analysis shows which village is having better human development and the standard of living of the people in the study area literacy rate, Health status and sanitation facilities.

This paper presents a micro-controller based wireless digital energy meter to facilitate energy consumption measurement and its corresponding billing scheme. Details of design for the construction of energy meter using (Current transformer, Potential transformer, microcontroller, Atmega 16, LCD, Transmitter, Receiver, and a load). Electricity has become one of the basic requirements of human civilization, being widely used for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes. At present, the need and demand for electricity requires no special mention. In spite of very well developed sources for electricity, both traditional and alternate versions, there are a lot of problems with distribution, metering and billing of electrical energy and its consumption measurement. The problem worsens further in collecting the meter readings and generating the bill. In this paper, a method of using a wireless digital system for automated transmission of data was utilized to make easy energy consumption measurement and its consequent billing system. If we use this energy meter it will be beneficial for the power energy system. It is very cost effective and effortless to operate.

Secondary metabolites are complex chemical compounds which formed in plant by secondary metabolism. In plant it is formed for the protection of the cell and in human beings it works against many diseases. These are present in different parts of the plant as leaves, flower, seed, rhizome, tuber etc. Since ancient time the seed and tuber of Nymphaea nauchali Burm f. are used as food and as herbal medicine for various diseases. The seed and tuber have potency against the diseases due the presence of secondary metabolite and other biofunctional chemical compounds. So this current study carried out for the qualitative evaluation of secondary metabolite as alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, saponin, steriod, tannin from seed and tuber of Nymphaea nauchali Burm. f.

Thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) have been measured in short-circuit configuration as the function of temperature, field and composition on pure PVF and polyblends containing different wt% of poly (vinly fluoride) (PVF) and poly (vinlylidene fluoride) (PVDF). DSC thermo gram was used to characterize the Tg of pure PVF and PVF/PVDF polyblend (i.e. 50:50). To evaluate the polar C-F group in pure PVF and PVF/PVDF polyblends FTIR spectrum was used. Such measurements have clearly indicated that polarization in pure PVF and PVF: PVDF polyblends arise due to dipolar orientation and trapping of injected space charge carriers. The polarization phenomenon is modified on blending PVDF in PVF. The electrets made of PVF: PVDF polyblends store considerable amount of charge for a sufficiently long period of time.

As early as 1996, the International Commission on Education for the 21 Century developed the Four Pillars of a Competency-based Education: 1) learning to do (solve daily problems); 2) learning to know (keep learning); 3) learning to be (ethically responsible) and 4) learning to live together (the ability to respect and work with others). These pillars were included in "Learning: the Treasure Within," a report presented to UNESCO, and have been referenced repeatedly in subsequent efforts to identify and st integrate 21 Century Competencies.

Sisyphus is indeed more famous for his inescapable punishment in the real world than for what he did in his life. Sisyphus is condemned to roll a rock up to the top of the mountain, only to have the rock roll back down to the bottom every time he reaches the top . It is an internal futile labor which is a hideous punishment there are a number of other stories to bring myth of Sisyphus into real life struggle. It is difficult to interpret whether life has any meaning and the more you concentrate your critical intelligence on it the more it seems to elude you, or to evaporate as any intelligible question

India is basically a rural based agricultural country where 80 per cent of the total population is living in rural areas. Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 states of India. A sizable portion of the total population is living in rural areas. Therefore, it is very important to uplift the economic life in rural people to make India a developed country. This is possible only through increasing the rate of savings and investments rural people. Rural people are facing an extremely risky environment when they save in the informal sector. Taking this into consideration the researcher has attempted to analyze the investment pattern of rural investors in Nagapattinam district of Tamilnadu. The result of the study shows that the preferred investment avenue of the rural investors is traditional form of investments such as bank deposits, post office savings schemes and insurance in the study area.

The objective of present study was to search the role of emotion in teaching methods of high school students. The sample for the research was selected from a private school in ahmednagar. Sample: Total 60 students were selected of 10th class. Among them 20 students selected for positive emotional teaching group (Experiment Group I), 20 students selected for negative emotional teaching group (Experiment Group II), and third 20 students selected for neutral emotional teaching group (Experiment Group III). The age range of subjects where 15 to 16 years (M = 15.65, SD = 2.93). Simple random probability sampling was used. Hypotheses first hypothesis was positive emotional teaching method will be significantly high mathematics retention than the negative and neutral emotional teaching method. Second hypothesis was positive emotional teaching will be significantly high English retention than the negative and neutral emotional teaching method. Tools: 10th standard class mathematics subject selected syllabus selected for the study. Second tool was 10th standard class English subject selected syllabus selected for the study. Results: first result was positive emotional teaching had significantly high mathematics retention than the negative and neutral emotional teaching method. Second result was positive emotional teaching method had significantly high English retention than the negative and neutral emotional teaching method.

The micro finance to the poor is smooth lower cost and effectively if they are organized in to Self Help Groups (SHGs). Micro finance is financial service of small quantity provided by entrepreneurs from low-income households. These financial services may include saving, credit, insurance, leasing, money transfer etc. which provided to customers to meet their financial needs with only requirement of low value transactions and customers of poor society. On the other hand Micro credit is the small loans extended to the poor for undertaking the self-employment projects that would generate income and enable them to provide employment for themselves and their families.

Ecotourism has been defined as tourism with the aim of viewing and enjoying the plants and animals as well as only indigenous culture. World Tourism organization has defined ecotourism as 'tourism that involves traveling to relatively undisturbed natural areas with specified object to studying, admiring and enjoying the scenery and its wild animals and plants.

The present work deals with the 28 fresh water algal samples and description of 36 taxa of biodiversity of fresh water algae from Presidency college, Chennai, India. Collection of 28 fresh water algal samples were carried out during Augest 2013 to October 2013. Samples were examined in the laboratory and identified. The following algae were present Chlorella (2), Chlorococcum (1), Pediastrum (1), Coelastrum (1), Tetrastrum (1), Scenedesmus (2), Cosmarium (1), Euglena (2), Phacus (1), Spirogyra (1), Stigeoclonium (1), Melosira (1), Cyclotella (1), Nitzschia (2), Navicula (1), Synedra (1), Microcystis(2), Gloeocapsa (1), Synechococcus (1), Merismopedia (1), Oscillatoria (5), Anabaena (3), Lyngbya (1), Hapalosiphon (1) and Glocotrichia (1) were recorded. Algae are described with photographs.

Textile printing is the process of applying colour to the fabric in definite patterns or designs .Besides wooden blocks, stencil rollers or silk screens can be used to place the colours on the fabric Wooden block printing is a technique for printing patterns on fabric This printing is capable of yielding highly artistic results ,some of which are unobtainable by any other method . Rajasthan is famous for hand block printing .The beauty of block printing is heavily reliant on water sources thus the commercial activities spurge near water resources like Sanganer,Bagru Akola , Barmer etc Sangener a small village situated approximately 16 km from Jaipur ,the capital of Rajasthan .This village in Rajasthan basts of the chhipa caste engaging in block printing .This stable tradition is still very much in fashion ,despite of accessibility in modern techniques like screen printing .The chhipas hand over their craft skills down the generations from parent to child ,the expertise remains within the family .

The present study evaluated the anti-hyperglycemic activity of the Ethyl acetate extract of Strychnos colubrina L bark on blood glucose, Plasma insulin and glycoprotein contents of albino rats. SCEt was administered at doses of 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg body weight respectively on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats for 3 weeks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ethyl acetate extract of strychnos coulubrina.L (SCEt) in streptozotocin induced diabetic, which was induced in male albino Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). After injection, the animals were divided into five groups viz., control group, SCEt (300mg/kg) treated group, diabetic group, diabetic + SCEt (450mg/kg) body weight for 15 days. The study shows a significant increase in the levels of blood glucose, and plasma glycoproteins, while plasma insulin levels were significantly decreased in diabetic rats. There was also a significant decrease in the level of sialic acid and elevated levels of hexose, hexosamine in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats. The diabetic animals also showed a reduction of body weights. Oral administration of SCEt reverted these changes. Thus the study indicates that strychnos coulubrina L. possesses a significant beneficial effect on glycoprotein's in addition to its antidiabetic action.

Pigeon pea or red gram (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is one of the major grain legumes of the tropics and subtropics. It is cultivated in an area of 33.5 m ha producing 2.4 million tones of grains and India accounts for 90 percent of the world's output. Though India is a leading producer of pigeon pea, its productivity has not been improved significantly during the last four decades due to its susceptibility to insect pests and narrow genetic base. The histochemical and anatomical investigation reveals how the larva (Helicoverpa armigera) enters the pods and infects it. Moreover it shows the difference between the control pod and the infected pod. In the present study our findings is infected pod have a lot of internal damage and the cells of the cotyledons have become destroyed and the starch grains are also disintegrated. Thus the seeds become disturbed and lose viability.

Terrorism has become a global phenomenon. The recent world history has witnessed frequent terrorist attacks, whether big or small and the number of such attacks per year has increased rapidly. It is endless and so the number of people who have been affected, huge material damage in the form property and business due to these attacks. These attacks have created a need for taking sincere efforts in the area of terrorism insurance as the loss of life and property, the terrorism insurance is not only necessary to cover millions of lives and property but also for long term economic development of the emerging countries like India. The risk of terrorism is proving to be a complicated and most important challenge for the insurance industry, governments as well as society as a whole. There has been enormous amount of effort which has been put in by the insurance industry to manage and mitigate the financial threat posed by terrorism risks. In this regard, the governments of various countries have taken strategic steps for creating laws and policies related to terrorism insurance. This paper is an attempt need of terrorism insurance, as a risk mitigating tool across the nations. It also tries to examine the present status of terrorism insurance market in global perspective as well as challenges and issues faced by Indian terrorism market.

To study the prevalence and epidemiological determinants of obesity among adolescent girls in Puducherry. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in urban and rural population of Puducherry in a sample of 1350 adolescent girls between the age group of 19-21 years. A self......

The purpose of the study was to compare the somatic traits and body composition between volleyball players and controls. 48 young male subjects (volleyball players: N= 24 & controls: N= 24) of age group 18-25 years were randomly selected from the different colleges affiliated to Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India. All the participants were assessed for height, weight, breadths, girths and skinfold thickness. The independent samples t-test revealed that volleyball players had significantly higher height (p<0.05), as compared to controls. The volleyball players were also found to have significantly greater lean body mass (p<0.01) and Ectomorphic component (p<0.05) as compared to controls. Controls had significantly greater percent body fat and total body fat (p<0.05) as compared to volleyball players. The volleyball players of this study were found to have higher percentage body fat with lower body height and body weight than their international counterparts. Further investigations are needed on above studied variables along with fitness and physiological variables to assess relationship among them and with performance in volleyball. The findings of the present study might be useful in future investigation on player selection, talent identification in the game of volleyball and its training programme development.

Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale typically between 1 to 100nm, at such dimensions materials can show significantly different physical, biological and or chemical properties leads to be the promising materials used in various applications. The growing investment in the field of Nanotechnology and Nano science is of more concerned today. Besides the countless beneficial applications including health and medicine concerns exists or adverse health consequences of unintended human exposure to Nanomaterials such as in pharmaceutical and medical applications, cosmetics and personal products, energy storageand efficiency, water treatment and air filtration, environmental remediation, chemical and biological sensors, military defense and explosives and in countless consumer products. This exposure can occur via inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption depending on the nanomaterial and the specific application. Moreover, determination of exposure matrix is the dire need of time. Furthermore, effective monitoring ofproduction, uses, exposures and overall health conditions among workers and the general population is the key in order to develop early warning systems that enable identification of unexpected effects. General technological awareness, continuous counseling for changing a paradigm shift in the mindset of a common man in understanding the possible applications and hazards of exposure to Nanomaterials are the challenges for the Psychologist in the present societal transformation in the age of nanotechnology. Psychology is embedded or connected in deep ways with the diverse array of other sciences. The powerful tools using the advancement in Nano engineering can be used in understanding the fundamental questions such as human cognition, perception and action to any psychologist researcher. The connections between nanotechnology and psychology are small but they are worth of drawing advancement in the field psychology.

The little man of Winston Churchill has been given a tool to exercise its freedom of speech and expression and to be an informed citizenry by the Right to Information Act, 2005. The Central Investigation Commission slammed the political parties by bringing them under RTI and making them accountable to citizens. After this decision, the political party are entitled to provide for their account information and other such information which concerns public at large, whenever asked by a citizen. They have savoured their concealment so far, but the clock time has struck justice. Directly or indirectly political parties have a say in the governance of the country and thus they are accountable to provide for information asked by a citizen under RTI Act. The Commission has been fair in its decision.

This article explores perceived leadership behavior differences in private and government schools. For the study 434 primary school teachers were selected from primary schools in Mysore city, India. The instrument used to measure the leadership behavior was Ideal Leader Behavior – Form XII by Stogdill (1963). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, and Independent sample't' test. Teachers working in private schools had higher scores on perceived leadership behavior compared to teachers working in government schools.

The purpose of this study was to explore and examine Role Over Load, Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict of male and female high school teachers. A descriptive research design was used to study teachers working in high schools of Mysore city, Karnataka State, India. The data were collected from 388 teachers using stratified random sampling. The instrument used to measure the variable was Occupational Stress Index (OSI) by Srivastava and Singh (1984). The statistical techniques of descriptive statistics, and independent samples't' test were employed to analyze the data. Results revealed that male and female teachers had significant difference in Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict.

The purpose of this study was to explore and examine Role Over Load, Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict of male and female high school teachers. A descriptive research design was used to study teachers working in high schools of Mysore city, Karnataka State, India. The data were collected from 388 teachers using stratified random sampling. The instrument used to measure the variable was Occupational Stress Index (OSI) by Srivastava and Singh (1984). The statistical techniques of descriptive statistics, and independent samples't' test were employed to analyze the data. Results revealed that male and female teachers had significant difference in Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict.

The history of Indian freedom movement would be incomplete without mentioning the contributions of women. The Non-cooperation movement was a significant phase of the Indian struggle for freedom from British rule. Many women participated in this movement by performing their domestic and social roles. Sarla Devi, Muthulaxmi Reddy, Susheela Nair, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, Sucheta Kripalani and Aruna Asaf Ali are some the women who participated....

ULIPS has played a significant role in increasing business across a wide range of investors and financial services. It is one of the largest industries in the world both in number of establishments and number of employees. In India, ULIPS, considered a sunrise industry today after info tech, is the most happening industry with almost all the big players vying for a share of the coveted pie. There is no real ULIPS revolution in India, the industry is still in the stages of infancy. In India ULIPS businesses have broken rand and seem poised to surge ahead with renewed vigor, optimism, confidence and capability

This study was intended to assess teachers and parents attitudes and perceptions towards the educational broadcast through Plasma Television (PTV) in teaching secondary school Biology in the Eastern part of Ethiopia. A total of 124 respondents (Biology teachers, N=87 and parents N=37) were the respondents. Questionnaires, interviews, FGDs and observation checklists were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed by using frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviations and conceptualizations. The analysis of the data revealed that both teachers and parents had positive attitudes towards the PTV lesson broadcast and perceived that the educational broadcast through PTV has brought many advantages to schools. Presentation of up-to-date and relevant Biological concepts supported by multimedia (audio-visuals such as colored and 3D animations of Biological entities) and demonstrations of Biological lab experiments, equipments and field lessons in a simple and understandable manner were of high importance. In addition, it was found out that student-student and student-teacher interactions were encouraged by PTV. It was also reported that most of the teachers were competent in integrating PTV, and they revealed that they are significant in a classroom while PTV is teaching and can't be replaced by PTV teachers. Speedy broadcast, frequent power failure, advanced English language of PTV teachers, shortage of time, non-interactivity (one-way) and less repeatability of the PTV were considered as the main downsides of the broadcast and affected students' due understanding of the Biological concepts. Thus, for the successful utilization of the PTV lesson broadcast, it is suggested that relevant trainings on the effective integration of ICT should be given to teachers; uninterrupted power supply should be secured; episodes should be recorded in CDs and given to schools; English language skills of students should be improved; speed of broadcast be minimized and adequate time should be provided to teachers to effectively interact with their students.

The study was conducted on 1000 higher secondary school students to study their climatic change knowledge, environmental education awareness with respects to their gender and study the effect of environmental education awareness on climatic change. The self made questionnaire was used to collect the data for knowledge of climatic change and its dimensions which was treated with statistical techniques. The results of the study reveal that, the level of knowledge of climatic change, environmental education awareness among higher secondary students is average. There is no significant difference between male and female higher secondary students in respect of their climatic change knowledge and environmental education awareness. Further, there is significant effect of environmental education awareness on climatic change knowledge.

-This paper is concerned with an investigation of the existing level of Worker Participation in Management Decision making within the BHEL (Bharat Heavy Electrical Ltd.) environment. The study involved a survey in which a total of hundred non management employees drawn. Interview schedule and in-depth interview were the main research techniques adopted for data collection while percentage distribution and simple random sampling techniques were used to analyze the data collected for the study. Results show that employees in organizations demonstrate a high interest in participation in the decision making process within their respective work places. However, the actual level of involvement in management decision making demonstrated by the employees was found to be relatively low. There is significant relationship between education and employees? involvement in decision making, and as well as between frequency of employees? consultation and organizational commitment. The study reveals a growing desire of non-management employees in the work environment to exercise greater involvement in the decision making process of the enterprise. Majority of the employees informed that decisions taken at the committee meetings are implemented, has the positive opinion about the councils working and performance, the organization has been considering the pre-requisites of successful workers participation and feels that shop council and plant council benefit the organization to great extent.

In the present study Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from pigeon droppings which are considered as its natural habitat .Samples were taken from different parts of Chennai (Tamil Nadu India). Twenty samples were processed out of which five isolates of C.neoformans were obtained. The isolates were confirmed by different biochemical tests. The isolates were checked for the production of different factors which contribute to its pathogencity. Bird Seed Agar (BSA) was used as the selective media. The colonies were found to be mucoid and turned dark brown in color after seven days of incubation because of the production of melanin. The capsule was present in all the isolates which help the fungus to escape the host defense mechanism and plays an important role in the virulence. A study was also done on the production of Protease, Phospholipase and Phenoloxidase enzymes, which are responsible for the pathogenicity and are involved in tissue damage and host invading mechanism. It was observed that the isolates differ in the production of the enzymes; out of all the five isolates isolate 2 showed a high activity of all the three enzymes. Isolate 5 did not show phenoloxidase activity and was found to possess a week activity of protease and phospholipase production.

In the present investigation an attempt has been made to find out the level of Educational Aspiration of the Secondary school students in relation to category, area, sex and types of school. The sample of the study consisted of 200 students of class IX and X drawn from government, provincialised and private secondary schools of Lakhimpur District of Assam. Survey method was used for collection of data. The results of the study reveals that higher percentage of tribal students, higher level of rural students, higher percentage of female students have low level of educational aspiration. There is no students who have low level of educational aspiration in private schools.

The mangrove ecosystem is rich in microbial sources for the various secondary metabolite producers. The biosurfactant producers are also isolated from the mangrove ecosystems. Hemolytic assay, drop collapse assay, oil spreading assay, emulsification assay and surface tension measurement were compared for their reliability and ease of use to screen biosurfactant producing bacteria. 63 bacterial strains were screened for their biosurfactant production. 34 isolates showed hemolytic activity and 41 isolates showed positive to drop collapse. All the 41 isolates showed positive to the oil spreading assay. But for about 12 strains showed positive to hemolytic but negative to drop collapse. So the hemolytic assay is not alone a reliable method for the identification of biosurfactant producers. In conclusion, drop collapse and oil spreading assays are reliable methods to screen large number of samples. However, for confirmation surface tension measurement can be used at the end. Six isolates were able to reduce the interfacial tension. Two strains were chosen further for the biosurfactant production.

During the rule of Muhammadan rulers in Deccan, education system was same as in the case of the Brahmanic system, also closely connected with religion. As in other Muhammadan countries, the mosque, especially in towns, was the centre of instruction and of literary activity. Muhammadan educational institutions were known as “maktabs” and “Madrasahs”.

In the modern era of globalization, it has become a challenge to keep the customers as well as Consumers in fold and even keep our natural environment safe and that is an order of the day. Consumers are also aware of the environmental issues like; global warming and the impact of environmental pollution. Green marketing is a phenomenon which has developed particularly important in the modern market and has emerged as an important concept in India as in other parts of the developing and developed countries, and is seen as an important strategy for ensuring the sustainable development. In this research article the main emphasis has been made of concept, need and importance of green marketing. The data has been collected from multiple sources of evidence like books, journals, websites, and newspapers. This article try to explore the main issues in adoption of green marketing practices, describes the current Scenario of Indian market and the challenges and opportunities on green marketing. Finally this article is going to conclude why companies are adopting the green marketing process and how they are grabbing out the benefits of green marketing.

Phycoremediation is a term of treating microalgae with waste water to reduce the toxic elements in it. Textile dye industrial effluents contain highly concentrated CO2 and Nitrogen in it, which causes severe harmful effects to human and to the environment. The reduction of Physiochemical parameters were seen from before and after treated effluents. Biochemical analysis from the microalgae biomass reveals that Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris and its consortium have shown high amount of Protein and Lipid in ascending order. Microalgae pigments such as chlorophyll a, b and â-carotene were determined and â-carotene found high amount than chlorophyll from all the treated biomass as expected but high than normal grown media. Scenedesmus obliquus is found to be the highest producer of â-carotene. Positive and negative correlation were analysed between removal of nitrogen from the effluent and increase in protein content and removal of COD from the effluent and high lipid content (Positive) and Increase in Lipid content leads to decrease in â-carotene levels (Negative).

Shashi Deshapande, an Indian Woman writer in English, was born in a small town of Dharwad in 1938. Her father, late “Adya Rangachar Sriranga” the famous Kannada playwright, was described as „the Bernard Shaw of the Kannada theatre?. Educated in Bombay and Bangalore, she acquired an M.A. in English from Mysore University. She married Dr. Deshpande, a neuro-pathologist in 1962 and visited England in 1969. Inspired by this visit, she published an account of her experiences as short stories. Since then, her short stories started appearing regularly in popular magazines. Recounting the influences in her life, she says,

The Supreme Court (SC) Supreme Court of India is the Apex court in hierarchy of the judicial system of India. The SC is established by Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution.

Regardless of a certain mutual moral condemnation, the daily social and cultural intercourse between Hindus and their Christian relatives, or the inhabitants of the village, was not only marked by rejection and exclusion. Many converts continued to be held in high esteem by the Hindus. In Some occasions, Hindus gave a member of the family into the care of the missionaries out of a feeling of gratitude or because of the chances of a good education. Some supported the conversion of a family member to Christianity, or accepted his decision and continued to have dealings with him. Different......

The growth of the British Power in Tanjore involved in wars with the European and Native Powers. The British began to eliminate the French Power in Tamil Country by waging Carnatic Wars. By supporting the cause of the Nawab of Carnatic, the British involved in the affairs of the Tanjore Kingdom. The British allowed the Tondaiman of Pudukkottai to annex cetain forts from the Tanjore Kingdom.By 1794, the dominance gained by the British over the different shades of Rajah's authority resulted in a dual system of administration in Tanjore Kingdom.Deprived of military authority and burdened with huge contributuions, the Rajah of Tanjore found his task quite burdensome. The Imperial British Powereven determined to remove the shadow of authotiy of the Maratha Rajah in Tanjore.At last the British declared the adoption of Serfji as regular and crowned him the ruler but removed his domains.This marked the extinction of the Maratha rule in Tanjore and the formation of the Madras Presidency and the Tamil Country merged into new dawned Madras Presidency in1802.

Health status is an excellent indicator of overall development of a society. The stronger the population, stronger the nation where the prosperity and quality of life is possible. In India there are more than six lakh villages and about 65% population resides in villages. The living conditions in most of the villages are not fit for work and to develop optimum level of endurance capacity. The main reason for this situation is low level of health which is affected by local living conditions. Unsafe water for drinking, no facility for safe disposal of human excreta, lack of public hygiene and general health awareness, inadequate health facilities and low socio economic condition are some of the crucial aspects of health status of the general population. The children are the worst sufferer of this problem. High incidents of morbidity resulted into stunted growth which invites the malnutrition and ultimately affects the overall performance of an individual is the common phenomena in most of the villages and also in urban slums. The vicious cycle of poverty and malnutrition has invited several problems. Inspite of the government's effort through systematic planning the expected results are not achieved so far. The achievements/progress of millennium development goals are far away to India. Child mortality and infant mortality is considerably high in India. This is mainly due to inability of parents to provide health services to their children and parent's inability is mainly due to poverty and non availability of health services. The details about various dimensions of health status of Indian children are discussed in detail.

Education is the foundation of development. It helps not only for income generation but improving quality of life. In India, though the overall literacy is increased since last two decades still there are some problems which have to be addressed seriously. Exclusion is the universal process and in India it is more prominent. Education is the subject in concurrent list i.e. the responsibility of the State Gove as well as the Central Govt. Investment in education sector has a long term implications for overall social development. Large variations in educational level is observed between rural and urban areas and urban and tribal areas. Even within urban areas there are some locations where the education is considerably low. The regional aspect plays the predominant role in overall educational process. The present paper highlights the educational status of children, educational infrastructure and the problems in education system of India. Secondary data collected by government is used to analyse the situation. The emphasis is given on enrollment of the children, educational facilities available for children and the response from State and Central Government. The paper is concluded by stating to bridge the regional gap in educational level. For this more resources are needed with efficient administration at various levels.

he aim of this study was to develop methods for detecting specific mRNA from E.coli (XL1 Blue) and S.epidermidis isolate to examine its sequence using bioinformatics tools. In this study we verified that GroEL gene in E.coli (XL1 Blue) and S.epidermidis is expressed during the viable but non.......

The effect of the sodium fluoride on the histology and histochemistry of the gill of the th freshwater fish Tilapia mossambica (O.mossambicus ) after exposure to 1/10 of LC concentration (5.6 50 ppm) for 10,20 and 30 days was investigated.The result showed that the histopathological changes induced in the gill were mainly represented by curving of secondary gill lamellae and reduction in mucus cells number .The epithelium was found to be shifted considerably towards the basement membrane .The histochemical observation revealed marked reduction in neutral mucosubstances of the mucous cells of the gill while acidic mucosubstances were increased in the mucous cells of the gill of fish as compared with the control fish. These changes were time dependent

Market Centres are economically most important and represent the region pattern of development. They provide trade and commerce to the region and also help in increasing social contact, serve as centers of diffusion and become focus for political and other activities. Hence the market centres have predominant economic important in any region. For the convenience of study, based on duration, market centres are divided in two daily and weekly market centres. In the weekly market centers plays an important role in exchanging the local produce through certain norms where 'system of rural markets serve as the nodal points for the collection and distribution of large range of goods and services of both local and external origin'.

Government and researchers works with considering economic activity. But we can observed there is difference between social sciences and natural sciences .Economics is a branch of social sciences ,however we can easily observed the maximum use of mathematics in economics in the literature written by foreign authors and thinkers. There is more scope to derivatives in microeconomics.Micro economic theory is the foundation of economic thinking .Various concepts has pivotal role in economics. We have seen all branches of economics had developed with concepts of microeconomics and mathematical analysis. Derivative helps us for micro economic analysis to overcome limitations of micro economics science economics is a social science.

Indian literature, after independence of the country, witnessed some major changes in terms of literary writings. No doubt, the presence of Indian English literature (IEL) can neither be denied nor ignored. Its practitioners and readers have grown steadily. Today, IEL seems to be poised for a significant growth phase, having made substantial inroads into the international English literary market place. Still IEL writers some times are incriminated for forsaking the national regional language and penning in western, 'alien' language. The man , that comes to the surface more than once in the genres of IEL is Ravindranath Tagore. If we examine the concept of post independent Indian culture and Indian identity, we can see that though the different regions of India have their different local cultures communities and regional languages, what unites us is a set of shared beliefs or values regarding standards of behavior qualities of human relations and life styles that are admired by all Indians, whether Hindu, Muslim Sikh or Isai.

As a part of developmental role, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) finalized and issued guidelines on Micro insurance on 10thNovember, 2005 after discussing it at various forums. Micro insurance will meet the need for having insurance products which can be afforded by the rural and urban poor. The Regulations on Micro insurance provides a platform and rules to procure insurance for the targeted segment of the society. The regulations provide for a tie up between a life & a non-life insurance company for distribution of insurance products to improve the penetration of insurance in the selected segment. Thus cross-selling is permitted in this area by the IRDA. For encouraging the sale of Micro insurance products, the Authority has mandated that these would form part of the social and rural obligations of an insurer prescribed under the provisions of the Insurance Act, 1938. The aim of this paper is to throw some light on the micro insurance guidelines in India and also to see speed of its growth as in India, more than two-third of the population lives below poverty line and therefore the importance of micro finance is undeniable.

Borders are often spaces of secrecy and violence: locations where liberal normative notions such as security and sovereignty are nakedly exposed as processes of regulation and control. Yet what makes them so, and why are these heavily monitored places often as confusing and ambiguous for those living within them as for those from outside looking in? In 21st century, when some people are doing their research about the Sun and its family, at the same time others are fighting about their basic needs and their identity. This paper tries to bring out the socio-economic situation of those people who have no identity or citizenship and live in enclaves.