Accelerating deforestation, rampant poaching and mining is leading to habitat destruction of wildlife animals especially carnivore’s animals like Tiger, which is further aggravating the problem of man-animal conflict. So that’s why The tiger population in world and India has been decreasing at an alarming rate over the past 100 years, with 40,000 wild tigers roaming the landscape in the early 20th century, to only 1,700 dotting the landscape today. Meanwhile India government has made great strides recently to protect tigers and increase population numbers through tiger reserves, pu-nishing poachers with imprisonment and fines, and through effective patrolling strategies. In this paper more and more focus on what is scenario is going on regarding with tiger population. As well as the discussed issue, history, scientific characteristic, habitat and distribution, diet, threat and conservation of tiger management. In this paper major focus on spatial temporal analysis in tiger population in India.

Sri.Mallikarjun Kharge's 72 years old Loksabha M.P elected from Gulbarga of Karnataka State as a Member of Indian National Congress Party. He has won elections for a record ten consecutive times having won the Assembly Elections for an unprecedented nine consecutive times (1972, 1979, 1983, 1985, 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004, 2008) and the recent 2009 General Elections from Gulbarga. Kharge is considered a Competent Leader with a clean public image and well versed in the dynamics of politics, legislation and administration.

The socio-political dimension in Theravada Buddhism has a variable impact on social and political point of views in the Eastern World. It manifested in matters of governance was framed within a spirit of humanism. The Buddhist dimension based on principles, ethics such as the rule of law can make the relationship between the coexistence of religion and secular normative orders, the differentiations of religion and political spheres, to reduce social and political attentions and to solve challenging problems nowadays.

Drinking water is a basic requirement for life and a determinant of standard of living. However, besides government efforts, supply and demand side factors of both surface and groundwater determine the level of drinking water available to people. The supply and demand factors increase with the natural and human factors like growing population. This limits drinking water supply provision and raises the delivery cost. This paper examines the nature and magnitude of water available situations and target and achievement of various water schemes in the reported area, causes and impacts in drinking water supply. The study observes those activities like operation and maintenance of drinking water supply schemes; water quality monitoring; water conservation and rainwater harvesting measures have to be implemented for better provision of drinking water supply. Further, an integrated institutional system for water quality monitoring and rural water recharging seems to be necessary

The present paper examined that the decision making role of tribal women and also to study the baiga women economic contribution in the family. The concept “Decision Making” refers to an act or opinion of choice. It can be regarded as mental process (cognitive process) resulting in selection of course of action among alternative scenario. Here, meaning of decision making in terms of income, expenditures and other social spheres like education & health were studied. Qualitative and Quantitative research method has been followed by utilizing observation and interview techniques to collect the primary data from the field. The present study revealed that baiga women have the power to take the decision up to 46% in their family

Of all the creations of God, human life is the most sacred. It has two aspects- the biological and the sociological. While the biological aspects of human life is maintained and transmitted by nutrition and reproduction, the social aspect of human life is maintained and transmitted by education. In the primitive society, the primary needs of man comprised food, shelter and clothing. With the progress of society and civilization, however, these primary needs have been multiplied into six viz, food, shelter, clothing, education, recreation and health. Man is primarily distinguishable from the lower animals because of his education ability. In human life the value of education is immeasurable. The present research paper is an attempt to analyze the crucial role for educational development for female child from the poor urban, remote rural, tribal, dalit and conflict afflicted communities of India by Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).

In this paper studies the comparative performance of UPFC(Unified Power Flow Controller) and SVC(Static Var Compensatar ) has been carried out for multi-machine power system to improve the transient stability power oscillation damping of power system using MATLAB7.6/Simulink. These devices have been applied to the transmission network using Power System blockset. The response of transmission systems has been studied for 3-phase symmetrical short-circuit fault with and without UPFC and SVC respectively, thus compare the impact of UPFC and SVC on the performance of power system on Transient Stability Enhancement .

Green marketing has gained immense importance the world lately. 'Green marketing', as the term suggests is the marketing of products and services that are presumed to be environmentally benign. It does not restrictitself to mere selling activities but it starts from the stage of new product development itself. It is important to reframe the 4 P's of marketing mix ofexisting products to make them greener as far as possible and develop new products keeping in mind the green marketing's marketing mix....

Today the history of Indian Press is two centuries old. Radio is about 100 years old and Doordarshan is about 50 years old. We live, as we are often told, in the information age which is made possible by technological advances. The Indian Media is exploding day by day. Circulations of Newspapers and Magazine are surging. 24x7 TV News channels are witnessing unprecedented growth. Internet news portals are recording a good number of hits reaching out to audiences like never before. The technological development from printing to Internet, from pinhole camera to digital equipment, from gramophone to blue ray discs and from telegraph to mobile phones have changed every possible dimension of human communication and in the process is affecting changes in values and ethics.

This paper is an attempt to explore how Tagore's interpretation of forms and colours were instrumental in the expressions of his emotions and also how he interpreted the role of colour in painting as an intermediary between the world of forms and the world of ideas.

SME development programs have become a priority in many economies worldwide and have seen an increasing proportion of developing countries emphasizing on SME policies for economic growth.ICT has brought revolutionary changes in the social and economic life of the SME world. Despite recent reports on the success of information-rich economies, many developing countries like India are still not catching up with the trend. Therefore, it draws curiosity as to how exactly ICT can give impact on the performance of the auto-component manufacturing SMEs in Pune Cluster. This paper emphasizes the implementation and impact of ICT in SMEs of auto-component manufacturing units of Pune region. Sensitization of SMEs for adopting to new changes in ICT enabled services is also addressed in this study.

-In the present investigation an attempt has been made to find out the Awareness of rural women about their rights on dowry”. This paper aims to focus on the following objectives: a) To study the socio personal characteristics of the respondents b) To determine the extent of awareness of the respondents about their rights on dowry and c) To find out the relationship between level of awareness about their rights with the selected socio-personal variables. The findings of the study revealed that a large percentage (52%) of respondents were from middle age group, 43 per cent of respondents belonged to schedule caste, 72 percent were married women and 14 percent of them had qualification up to high school standard. The respondents in large number (56%) were belonged to nuclear families. Majority (95%) of respondents were not gainfully employed but homemaking. Measuring the awareness level it was found that a large percentage (55%) of women were not aware about their rights on dowry.

Global greenhouse pollution is on the rise – and therefore coal consumption – must be reduced radically. In case, we fail to stop pollution, then catastrophic climate change impacts such as major sea-level rise, agricultural collapse, massive species extinction and social upheaval will become unavoidable

What makes a Country an emerging attraction is its development in any particular sector which attract any foreign entity to be a part of it in the form of investment or any other profit gaining opportunities . This research paper is going to provide a firm erudition about the development of the retail sector as an emerging attraction for foreign entities. The huge contribution of retail sector in Indian economy , government policies, the mounting awareness of the consumer, the brand consciousness and many more factors have made Indian retail sector as emerging attraction for the giant foreign retailers to invest in.

As a person gets older he/she is prone to many diseases. Among them diabetes mellitus is most prevalent. Diabetes is the major threat to the growing elderly population, the existence of this condition markedly increases multi-systemic complications. Hence the study on knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) in the management of diabetes among elderly people was envisioned. The study was conducted with an objective to study the KAP in the management of diabetes among elderly people. A total sample of 1200, constituting of 600 men and 600 women, between the age group of 65-76 years were randomly selected from 30 areas of urban Bangalore. A Structured Interview Schedule (SIS) developed by the investigators to study the KAP in the management of diabetes among elderly. The obtained data was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis by applying percentage analysis, chi-square and 't' test. The results showed moderate knowledge, fair attitude and not so good practice in the management of diabetes among the respondents.

What makes a Country an emerging attraction is its development in any particular sector which attract any foreign entity to be a part of it in the form of investment or any other profit gaining opportunities . This research paper is going to provide a firm erudition about the development of the retail sector as an emerging attraction for foreign entities. The huge contribution of retail sector in Indian economy , government policies, the mounting awareness of the consumer, the brand consciousness and many more factors have made Indian retail sector as emerging attraction for the giant foreign retailers to invest in.

As a person gets older he/she is prone to many diseases. Among them diabetes mellitus is most prevalent. Diabetes is the major threat to the growing elderly population, the existence of this condition markedly increases multi-systemic complications. Hence the study on knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) in the management of diabetes among elderly people was envisioned. The study was conducted with an objective to study the KAP in the management of diabetes among elderly people. A total sample of 1200, constituting of 600 men and 600 women, between the age group of 65-76 years were randomly selected from 30 areas of urban Bangalore. A Structured Interview Schedule (SIS) developed by the investigators to study the KAP in the management of diabetes among elderly. The obtained data was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis by applying percentage analysis, chi-square and 't' test. The results showed moderate knowledge, fair attitude and not so good practice in the management of diabetes among the respondents.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of relationship of psychomotor abilities to the playing ability of interuniversity level volleyball players. Fifty male volleyball players of north zone interuniversity were selected as subjects for this study. The subjects were in the age group of 18-25 year, served as subjects for this study. The selected psychomotor abilities variables e.g. agility, shoulder power, leg power, speed, stepping time and hand reaction time. Findings reveals that playing ability of interuniversity level volleyball players is significantly related to the agility (r= -0.78), shoulder power (r=0.77), leg power (r=0.82), speed (r= -0.72), stepping time (r=0.86), and hand reaction time (r= - 0.76) as the obtained correlation were higher than the value of 0.2732 required for the correlation to the significant at 0.05 level of 48 degree of freedom.

This paper explains the procedure of developing and standardizing a self-confidence scale in mathematics to measure the level of self-confidence in mathematics among school students falling in the age-group of 10-12 years. The scale has been constructed by using Likert's method of summation to obtain a five point judgement on each item. After critical study of the related literature of self-confidence, four dimensions viz. self-satisfaction, self-composed, optimism and self-belief were selected for construction of the scale. The final draft of scale consisted of 32 items. The reliability of the scale was calculated by split-half method and test-retest method. The scale had face validity, content validity as well as higher intrinsic validity.

This paper explains the procedure of developing and standardizing a self-confidence scale in mathematics to measure the level of self-confidence in mathematics among school students falling in the age-group of 10-12 years. The scale has been constructed by using Likert's method of summation to obtain a five point judgement on each item. After critical study of the related literature of self-confidence, four dimensions viz. self-satisfaction, self-composed, optimism and self-belief were selected for construction of the scale. The final draft of scale consisted of 32 items. The reliability of the scale was calculated by split-half method and test-retest method. The scale had face validity, content validity as well as higher intrinsic validity.

Biodiesel as a renewable fuel has been considered as the best alternate for diesel fuel now a days.This fossil fuel can be used in diesel engine with or without any modi?cation.The injection pressure and injection timing are the major influencing parameters forthe performance and emission of diesel engine.In thispresentstudy,the emission analysis of vegetable oil, Jatropha oil and rubber seed oil crushed from the seed, esterified and blended with pure diesel fuel. A single cylinder constant speed direct injection (DI) diesel engine has been used to analyze the emission characteristics of biodiesel.The diesel engine for various fuel injection pressures (210,220 and 240 bar) at no load to full load wasinvestigated. The injection pressure was changed in the engine head by adjusting the fuel injector spring tension. The two proportions of biodiesel were used in diesel engine such as 20% of biodiesel (Jatropha oil and Rubber seed oil) with 80% of pure diesel fuel named as B20 and 40% of biodiesel with 60% of pure diesel fuel named as B40.From the test result,the nitric oxide (NOx) was analyzed for different injection pressures. In emission characteristicsanalysis, it was found that the increase in injector opening pressure increases the NOxemission. The injection pressure of 240 bar and B20 proportion gives better emission reduction compared to other blended fuels.

This research paper focus on the Trikutachala Temples of the Aland Taluka which comes under the Gulbarga district. The taluka mentioned in inscriptions as 'Alandapura' and 'Alande'. The taluka is famous for historical Trikutachal temples like, Kalleshwara Temple, Mallikarjun Temple, Somalingeshwara Temple, Channakesheva Temple, Kalideveshwara Temple, Kalideveshwara Temple, Ramalingeshwara. These Trikutachal temples are contained Gargbhagraha, Sukhanashi, Bhuvaneshwari, Navaranga, and Mukhamantapa.

Culture is closely related to language. It indicates that in learning a language, learners also need to learn about the culture. English is one of the foreign languages which are taught in schools, from primary up to secondary schools. Moreover, there are also kindergarten and playgroups which provide English as the subject. In this case, English is a language which is very important because it is taught in every level of education. For the English teachers, an appropriate teaching strategy is needed to make the students learn English more easily. One of the additional aspects that occur in learning English is the cultural aspect. In learning a language, the learners should also learn the culture of where the language comes. Language is rooted in culture and culture is reflected and passed on by language from one generation to the next .From this, one can see that learning a new language involves learning a new culture. In English, the learners should also know the western culture to use English in the appropriate way. Culture is a shared background as the result of common language and communication style of a society. Culture is asocial practice which produces, circulates and exchanges meanings .In sum, culture is a result of people's thought or imagination so that they make it as belief or customs. Through the belief and customs, human being has the thing called culture. Although culture is broad in meaning and types, people can still study culture through its differences and similarities.

The present paper attempts to analyse Tara Moss's novel Fetish in the light of the issues like Sadistic Psychopath and Anti- social Personality Disorder in the criminal Edward Brown. The novel reveals a story of the criminal Edward Brown who is a serial killer and has killed nine innocent women. The literary motif of Tara Moss is to reflect the criminal, his psychology, its causes and its impact on the society. It is reflected in the novel that the criminal Edward Brown is the victim of his childhood circumstances. The paper analyses the novel by using different theories of Sociology and Psychology and bring out certain research findings.

Education alone can give the right direction to science and technology. Students will have greater responsibility for their own learning in this environment as they seek out, find synthesize, and share their knowledge with others. ICTs provide powerful tools to support the shift to student centered learning and the new roles of teachers and students.

-This research involves the study of effects due to changes in various parameters such as pH (range; pH 4-9) and temperature (0ºC-50ºC) on effectiveness of Moringa Oleifera. Turbidity measurement has been considered during research for observing the effectiveness of Moringa Oleifera with the help of 40 NTU, 80 NTU and 160 NTU solutions. Synthetic hard water varied from 300ppm to 900ppm as calcium hardness. Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrophotometry (ICP-OES OPTIMA 5300 DV) instrument has been used for hardness determination, whereas ELE430-257 turbidity meter used for turbidity measurement. Very negligible effect was observed in the hardness removal efficiency of Moringa Oleifera with the variation of pH and temperature. The turbidity reduction was higher for higher initial turbidity samples and only 52.5% reduction was observed for initial 40 NTU sample. The maximum reduction in turbidity of 75% was found at pH-7 and hence this was observed as the optimum pH. It was also noticed that the efficiency of Moringa Oleifera increases by increasing temperature and maximum turbidity reduction of 67.5% was observed at 50ºC sample whereas only 18.75% reduction was noticed with 5ºC sample.

The Mid Day Meal Scheme is a multi-faceted programme of the Government of India that, among other things, seeks to address issues of food security, lack of nutrition and access to education on a pan nation scale. It involves provision for free lunch on working days for children in Primary and Upper Primary Classes in Government, Government Aided, Local Body, Education Guarantee Scheme (EGS) and Alternate Innovative Education (AIE) Centres, Madarsa and Maqtabs supported under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and National Child Labour Project (NCLP) Schools run by Ministry of Labour. The primary objective of the scheme is to provide hot cooked meal to children of primary and upper primary classes. With other objectives of improving nutritional status of children, encouraging poor children, belonging to disadvantaged sections, to attend school more regularly and help them concentrate on classroom activities, thereby increasing the enrolment, retention and attendance rates. According to the government, it is the world’s largest school feeding programme, reaching out to about 120,000,000 children in over 1,265,000 schools and Education Guarantee Scheme (EGS) centres across the country. In 1953, Uttar Pradesh Government introduced a scheme, on voluntary basis, to provide meals consisting of boiled or roasted or sprouted grams, ground-nut, puffed rice, boiled potatoes or seasonal fruits. During 1962-63, Tamil Nadu became the first state in India to initiate a noon meal programme to children with the launch of Mid Day Meal Programme in primary schools. The present study explores that quality concern of Government of Karnataka to improve the enrolment of students at primary school level through providing Midday meal programme. Even the researcher made an attempt to explore that how far the programme is carrying at primary school level, weather the parents are having the knowledge about providing of nutrition food in school. Moreover, providing midday meal at primary school level how far it retains the enrolment of students at primary school level. To know above all these the researcher conducted an interview for teachers, parents and the students. However, by the opinion of interview from various authorities do raise issues and suggest important considerations regarding the conditions that the providing of midday meal programme at primary school level.

Rodent and canines are known to harbour four groups of arthropod ectoparasites fleas, ticks, mites and lice. Ectoparasites are irritating pests of human and animals. And mainly flea also spread helminthic infection in human and past of the years ago rat fleas spread most dangerous or epidemic disease called plague .Free roaming cats, rats &opossums can be source of flea that can be involved in transmission of flea borne typhus.The present investigation was carried out with aims of identification & prevalence of fleas from rodents and canines, lives in close association of human beings. A total 50 rodent and 50 canines were examined during the six month period of study.Out of 50 canines35 dogs and 15 cats were examined for the prevalence of ectoparasites. The main criteria that are used for species identification in fleas are the presence or absence and shape of the pronotal and genal comb, length of the labial palp ,& shape of the head . Identified three species of fleas, are Xenophyilacheopis, Ctenocephalidescanis ,and Ctenocephalidesfelis collected from rat ,cat &dogs respectively. Prevalence of fleas was (88.5%) and ticks (11%) in dogs. .Whereas, only 60% cats & 30 % rodents were infested by the fleas. No tick was recorded from the cats.X.cheopis is of zoonotic importance for human health.

In India, marriages bestow a sacramental position. With the advent of liberalization and globalization, India faced an enormous amount of western transfusion in its culture, tradition and life styles. This transfusion to a great extent got along, the very famous Live-In System which is given a legal recognized in many countries, but still faces challenges in a country like India. Live- In system is a provision wherein a woman who has not entered into the wedlock with a man or vice versa, shares with him an intimate, emotional, spiritual and physical relationship like that of a wife with her husband. Whether or not this transfusion deserves a welcoming treatment and legal recognition in India is a big question. The present article deals with the Socio-Legal Dimensions of Live-In Relationships in India and whether this kind of relationship is threat to the institution of marriage or not.

After having been passed Anti-rape law in 2013, it is not good enough to say that the various issues requiring reforms since Mathura -they were seen prior to Mathura, it only triggered them, are set to be rest. Post -2013 laws, even after one year, no deterrence on the part of the potential violator and satisfaction on the part of various women's group is seen. Whether the issues to be addressed like rapists to get away, legal definition of rape including marital rape, marks of resistance on her body, child sexual abuse, traumatic procedural issues, medical examination of victim including most archaic forensic procedures and capital punishment for rapists e.t.c. have satisfactorily been resolved, is a question to be determined on the basis of legal efficacy of Criminal justice system. Further, the moral element flowing in whole body of determination of the question like a basis of her moral character remaining at all levels as stereotypes in terms of sex and morality, changing of mindset of society towards victim whether she should be treated as a victim of rape or survivor to be seen with compassion, and sensitization of police and Courts by completely erasing re-traumatization from the system. Hence, this paper aims at to evaluate to what extent the dignity of a woman during this journey of law has been secured and is going to unearth various positive developments.

- Information technology and communication has reshaped the existing socio-economic and political systems. Change in Political Participation is explicit especially among the youth and women in this age of ITC. This is because digital age provides ample opportunities for public response in a lightening pace. Public discourses taking place through website have evolved into not only a medium for personal expression and mutual support but also challenges the old political cultures. Now citizen is not shear listener but also a speaker who can influence the public decision making. In the Delhi Rape case the public protest through internet has influenced justice Verma Committee which finally led to Criminal Law Amendment Ordinance 2013 providing death penalty in case of rape. Transforming the ways and means of interest aggregation and interest articulation, ICT has strengthened the inputs of political system. A shift from representative democracy (prone to elitism as observed by Mitchels) to participatory democracy in the digital world is expected by certain scholars. However, Digital divide arising out of poor accessibility and affordability of hi-tech devices and cyber crimes such as hacking create formidable challenge to digital democracy. The future and continuing well-being of level of political participation and civic engagement falls on the shoulders of its youngest citizens. Despite the apathy of youth towards the traditional democratic practices and the cultural displacement some scholars view that the young people may become politically socialized with in the media environment. The expected change in the Political spectrum would be visible by the participation of women and youth. Demographic reports show that by 2020 India would become the youngest country with an average age of 29. As a result of this overwhelming change in the political life a decisive shift in the political culture is certain.

Migration is an important phenomena in human society and also one of the most important factors of population change. People move from one place to another place due to various reasons. In Indian condition, the most important is for employment opportunities. However in the study of migration, the characteristics of out-migrants from any area are the key factors to understand process of socio-economic development. Therefore, the present research paper analyze the both demographic and social characteristics such as population growth, age structure, sex ratio, occupational structure, religious features, marital status, language, caste composition and education status of out-migrants from Mysore city.

Dalit consciousness in India that originated, among others, from the acute discontent of the Dalits with their wretchedness, could not remain dormant. This widespread feeling was manifested through several organizations and struggles for the emancipation of Dalits. With the passage of time, it became increasingly vocal, vigorous and effective. It started with Khalasi's demand for a lota for drinking water and the following Mutiny in 1857, and culminated in the commencement of the Constitution of India in 1950 and conversion to Buddhism in 1956 of B.R. Ambedkar and his followers. This span of hundred years was full of struggles and achievements of the human rights of the Dalit movement. The study of the Dalit movement for human rights would not be complete unless the chronology of events and achievements of the same are not duly recorded. Therefore, this paper attempts to enumerate in brief certain important events and achievements of the Dalit movement for human rights. Untouchability is a multi- faceted phenomenon. It includes within its scope social discrimination, religious restrictions, educational deprivation, economic exploitation and political persecution. This Paper also attempts to state the events and achievements respectively pertaining to the human rights of the Dalits.

Bharatha Rathna Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar was a man of versatile genius, great economist, constitutionalist, social reformist, a political thinker, a champion of downtrodden and above all a great humanist. All through his life he struggled to establish the basic principles - Liberty, Equality and Fraternity in all walks of life in the society. To achieve these he used his mental calibure and followed constitutional methods. His entire life was of great struggle to emancipate the exploited people. He had taken utmost care to draft the liberal Constitution, making the citizens of this nation to enjoy the fundamental rights without any discrimination on the grounds of caste, colour, and creed, place of birth, religion or sex. His notion of democracy made him to stand unique among the modern thinkers of democracy. For him, democracy is `a way of life wherein revolutionary changes in the socio-economic code of life of the people are brought about without bloodshed`. This itself is a testimony for his conviction in the establishment of liberal democratic system. This system to him should bring an end to all sorts of discrimination and thereby establishing a casteless society because he believed caste is a hindrance to the growth of individual and the democratic system.

A design of microstrip patch antenna with prime focused of increasing bandwidth using various techniques of probe feed, parasitic patch around the main patch and two layer of substrate. The simulation process has been done using HFSS (High frequency Structural Simulator). In this paper, authors cover six aspect of microstrip antenna designs. The first is analysis of single element narrowband rectangular microstrip antenna which operates at central frequency of 14.3 GHz. The second/third aspect is design of two gap/direct coupled patch along main patch. The fourth/fifth aspect is analysis and design of four gap/direct coupled parasitic patch along main patch and in sixth aspect is analysis and design of two layer of substrate in parasitic patch design. The properties of antenna such as bandwidth, S parameter, VSWR, Gain has been investigated and compared.

Hypsometric analysis of watershed (area-elevation analysis) has generally been used to reveal the stages of geomorphic development (stabilized, mature and young). Hypsometric integral quantifies the geologic stages of development and erosion prone-ness of the watersheds. Hypsometric integral is estimated by the graphical plot of the measured contour elevation and encompassed area by using empirical formulae. In the present study, hypsometric integral values were estimated for Man River Basin which is a tributary of PurnaRiver located in Akola and Buldhana districts of Maharashtra

Isolation and Identification of a new strain Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow from water samples collected from high altitude regions of Uttarkhand Himalayas in India was the major objective of this research study. The water samples were collected from Pithoragarh region of Pithoragarh district of Uttarkhand state in India has an efficient astaxanthin producing Green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow (Chlorophyceae) species in it. Different vegetative and encyst (aplanospore) stages of Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow were recorded and standardized the BBM media for microalga cultivation.

It was the normal policy of the Timurid rulers, both in their original Central Asian homelands and in India, to encourage trade. As in much else, Sher Shah Suri during his brief reign (1538–1545) set a pattern that was followed by the later Mughals, especially Akbar, when he encouraged trade by linking together various parts of the country through an efficient system of roads and abolishing many inland tolls and duties.

Diurnal activity patterns of three breeding herds of wild buffalo were studied in Kaziranga National Park (KNP). A scan animal sampling (Altman, 1974) was used for sampling the activity budgeting. Analysis of the diurnal activity pattern of all herds showed that significantly more time was devoted to feeding activity, than other activities. The wild buffalo in KNP spent a maximum of 48.12% time on feeding activities, followed by moving 21.71%, resting 10.89%, standing 10.26%, and minimum of 9 % in wallowing activities. The result indicates that, feeding is the guiding factor, which has an effect on time allocation in various activities, possesses by the wild buffalo. Marked seasonal variation was found in the time allocation to daily activities. Activity is the behavioral output of an individual or group of animals of a species in response to resource availability and other responses to competition for resources, weather conditions, mate choice etc. Studying activity budgets is also important because it is an indicator of the health of a habitat which reflects the status and distribution patterns of the resources. Thus, the activity budgeting helps to understand the species-specific and site-specific time allocation, it is used as a tool to lay out comprehensive conservation strategy for a species in a particular area.

Trafficking in human beings is a lucrative industry. It has been identified as the fastest growing criminal industry in the world. It is a well established international phenomenon of recent times and among the organized crimes trafficking stands as the third largest category in terms of profit after drug and arms smuggling. Trafficking in persons is a serious crime and a grave violation of human rights. Every year, thousands of men, women, and children fall into the hands of traffickers, in their own countries and abroad. Almost every country in the world is affected by this menace, whether as a country of origin, transit or destination for victims. Trafficking in human beings has been considered as modern day slavery. Human beings are mostly trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation. However, less understanding is about other dimensions of human trafficking, viz. begging, organ trade, forced marriage, illegal adoption, camel jockeying etc. This research article focuses on global problem of trafficking in human beings, and provides in depth study of its concept, various emerging dimensions, causative factors, implications at the national and international levels. Recommended actions include; public awareness about human trafficking and its emerging dimensions, establishing strict penal laws, active law enforcement agencies, training to police, coordination between NGO's and Law enforcement, community help and rehabilitation to the victims of crime.

The Panchayat Raj is South Asian Political system mainly in India. The word “Panchayat” literally means 'assembly' of five wise and respected elderschoosen and accepted by the local community. Panchayat Raj structure is totally based on three-tier system. Which is consists of Zilla Panchayat/Parishad at district level. PanchayatSamiti at Block level and Village or Gram Panchayat at Village Level. Zilla Panchayat have crucial role to play the galvanizing the lower tiers into activity and in sustained the tempo of development.

Tannin acyl hydrolase (E.C.3.1.1.20) commonly referred as tannase, is an industrially important enzyme that is mainly used in the food, chemical, beverage and pharmaceutical industry. In this study, tannase yielding native fungal isolate were identified as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. The fungal culture produced high yields of extracellular tannase (30.05±1.32 U/ml and 23.43±1.43 U/ml) under solid-state fermentation (SSF) using Syzygium cumini seed powder. To enhance the production level of the enzyme, different culture conditions were optimized with the native isolates and observed that 30°C incubation temperature, pH 6.0, 1%(w/v) tannic acid as carbon source and 1%(w/v) Ammonium nitrate as a nitrogen source for maximum tannase activity. Tannase was purified from both isolates showed 2.29 & 1.43 purification fold with a specific activity of 10.24mg/ml & 12.36 mg/ml protein. This is the first report on production of tannase by A. niger & A.flavus, giving a higher yield of enzyme under SSF with Jamun seed powder as the substrate.

This project report is related to the consumer behaviour for “Ray-Ban sunglasses”. In the project, the investigator did an analytical study of Ray-ban with the help of research methodology. The surveys and interviews were conducted to solve the research problem. Nature of the project: Consumer Behavior Project undertaken: Ray-Ban Project Description: This project is based on the study of consumer behavior in purchasing Ray-ban sunglasses. The investigator got all brief information after doing research and analysis. Research methodology: In research methodology, the investigator has prepared the questionnaire. The questionnaire also includes those questions which are helpful to know more about the ray-ban consumer and its value in the market.

Today, education faces the rising challenges of standardized testing, strained budgets,Teacher retention and global workforce competition. Businesses have begun to take a more targeted approach in their corporate social responsibility programs and are seeking to impact areas that have a correlation with their own business goals. For many businesses, education is an important part of their plans, since the needs exist in all geographic areas, across all subject areas, and for all kinds of people. The bottom line is that educational outreach efforts have the capability to make a real and lasting difference for all players involved

Naturally growing vegetation in any specified region is called natural vegetation which refers to the ground cover provided by plants to a particular taxis, life forms, structure, special extent or any other specific botanical or geographical characteristics.

Since we are in the modern technological world, information technology plays a vital role in the development of each and every sector. The role of information technology is vast especially in the growth of service sector. Due to information technology, the banking sector grows tremendously and reaches its peak. The baking services are simplified by using the of information technology. In this paper, it is studied about the impact of information technology and its usefulness in the modern banking sector

E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially through the World Wide Web. In practice, this term and a newer term e-business, are often used interchangeably. For online retail selling, the term e-tailing is sometimes used. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the regulations on e-commerce protection rules in India.

Bancassurance in its simplest form is the distribution of insurance products through a bank distribution channel. In concrete term, bancassurance which is also known as 'Allfinanz'- distributes a package of financial services that can fulfill both banking and insurance needs at the same time. It takes various forms in various countries depend upon the demography, economic and legislative climate of that country. Profile of a country decides the kinds of products bancassurance shall be dealing with. Economic situation will determines the trends in terms of turnover, market share etc. In this paper, it is going to be studied about the significance of the bancassurance and its role in the banking sector.

When we think about Korku tribes we are curious about their life style, culture, religions behaviour, festivals etc. This tribe lives in forest , valleys as well as an mountains. As they live in such region, they can not get facilities as we enjoy and there is no development as we see in cities. There is illiteracy and superstition is much quantity from the research made until today it is seen that many such tribes in India has the same condition. There are some tribes live in India like Sathal , Gond, Khasi, Goro, Toda, Korku etc.

UR Ananthmurthy's Samskara deals with the theme of conflicts in tradition and modernity and dharma and adharma among the Brahmins in Sarasvatipura village. The agrahara of Sarasvatipura has been well-known for the observation of the norms and principles of Brahmanism from the time immemorial. The village is guided by Praneshashastri, an authority in the Vedas, Upanishads and other Hindu scriptures. At this juncture, the agarahara is polluted by the immoral act of a wealthy Brahmin called Naranappa. He brings an untouchable woman called Chantri to his house and lives with her. The Brahmins of this village excommunicate Naranappa from their caste and treat him as an outcaste. This affects the portrayal of underprivileged people and communal harmony of the Brahmans in Saravastipura.

Agriculture is one of the most ancient occupations of mankind and still continues to play a significant role in the lives of people all over the world. Agriculture occupies a vital position in the state economy engaging about 55.89% of the total working force according to 2001 census. The contribution of sector in the state domestic product (SDP) at constant and current prices is 10.20% and 29.70% respectively in 2010-11. All the agricultural programmes have been assigned with high priority in the successive five year plan periods for efficient use of available resources and maximum production. This paper highlights irrigation practices, production of paddy, arrivals, Prices and values of paddy through APMC's and other marketing channels in Raichur District. The study is under taken for the period of often six years i.e. form 2006-07 to 2012-13. In this study simple statistical techniques such as percentage change, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and compound growth rate for been used. The study emphasis that farmers should sell there agriculture produce in APMC yard for better price. It also suggests arrivals should be increased in the study area.

Investigation was carried out with objective of finding out the relationship between Achievement motivation and Adjustment of tribal students of higher primary school. The survey was carried out among 100 tribal students which included 55 boys and 45 girls. The tool used for the data collection used were Achievement Motive Test and Bell's Adjustment Inventory. The survey revealed that there is significant influence of Adjustment between boys and girls with respect to Achievement Motivation and Adjustment. However there is influence of Achievement Motivation in Adjustment among Government, aided and Private unaided schools.

Teacher education – both pre-service and in-service is responsible for developing quality teaching work-force. It is generally observed that the quality of pre-service teacher education is low. It does not equip prospective teachers with requisite knowledge, skills and attitudes to perform effectively in their work-situation.So,in-service education of teachers is considered to be key aspect of school improvement efforts. The training, retraining and updating of teachers are widely recognized as essential factors in the development of teachers's quality because teacher quality is a major factor contributing to improvement in learning outcomes of students. The purpose of this paper is to explore the perception of teachers towords in-service teacher education programme. The study was carried out at the In-Service education programme which was conducted by SCERT under SSA from MAY 13,2013 to MAY 17,2013 for primary teachers working in primary schools running under Municipal Corporation Delhi (M.C.D).

A teacher will be a role model for the pupil. The job-satisfaction becomes very vital in the field of education institution. Thus the researcher felt the need to investigate the job-satisfaction of teacher working in Educational institution.

The frontier myth or frontier tall tales is a term given to the popular romanticization of the Wild West frontier. The frontier was the term applied to the zone of unsettled land outside the region of existing settlements of Americans . The notion of the frontier was the edge of the settled country where unlimited free land was available and thus unlimited opportunity.

The performance of companies depends mostly on the quality of their human resource. For obvious economic and business reasons, organisations have always been concerned about the competence of its people. This paper seeks to delve deeper into the concept of competency. It also has an aim to study its future prospects in the light of other emerging areas like talent management.

In this digital age of time, today millions and millions of people worldwide are mobile-phone subscribers. A perusal of the literature shows the use of mobile phones in different educational and social settings including restaurants, public transportation, movie theatres, streets and classrooms. In modern classrooms, instructors face many challenges as they compete for students' attention among a variety of communication stimuli. Rapid growth of mobile computing, including smart phones and tablets, presents a double-edged problem: along with previously unimaginable access to information come previously unforeseen distractions. Of wide concern to many instructors is the potential distraction caused by students using their mobile devices to text, play games, check Face book, tweet, or engage in other activities available to them in a rapidly evolving digital terrain.

It's a globally known fact that India is a land of many states, languages, cultures, habits, religions and religiosities. Hence, it is not so easy to talk of one tradition, culture, habit etcetera. All the same, there are numerous Indian authors and literary laureates who either have written in English or have got their works translated from vernaculars and have gained national as well as international acclaim.

The purpose of the study was to find out the differences between the physical characteristics and physical performance of football players in relation to their playing positions. The study was confined to the 100 male football players who participated in inter college level tournament. The subjects has been taken from 25 teams ,who participated in Himachal Pradesh University inter college tournament. The subjects were selected randomly the four best players from the each participating team in respect to their playing positions. Comparison were made between and within the groups by using 'f' test and 't' test . The hypothesis for the present study is partially approved except to the strength component of physical performance in which only half line players have more strength than the players of other three groups i.e. goalkeepers, fullbacks and farwards. In the other variables there is no significance relationship between physical characteristics and physical performance of football players in relation to their playing positions

This research paper is majorly concerned with semiotics, stereotyping and advertising. The purpose of this study is to analyze how semiotics e.g signs, symbols, codes etc lead to stereotyping in advertisement. Moreover, it is also explored that semiotics used in advertisements are perceived differently in different culture. Hence, the interpretation of semiotics is highly subjective based of individual perception, behavior & culture etc. Therefore, certain evidences from advertisements are mention to support argument.

Irrigation is the artificial supply of water to the plant growth to maintain moisture availability since deficiency. Indian agriculture is a gamble of mansoon within which Sangli District in Maharashtra State can not excluded. The greater part of the district has to make fight to the famine circumstances year after year . Krishna Koyna lift irrigation project ambitious major public lift irrigation project launched by the Govt. of Maharashtra to minimize the impact of drought condition Takari lift irrigation scheme is one of the parts of it. The construction of the project was started in year 1986, but it has taken Very big schedule to completion due to inadequate provision of the funds. The project has utilized huge amount of capital e.g. Rs.383.76 crores up to the April 2007; The revised total cost of the project is Rs.608.46 crores The aim of the paper is to assess the present situation of the scheme ,its construction cost ,proposed irrigated area actual irrigated area and its maintenance from geographical point of view

: An unsteady viscous incompressible free convective flow of an electrically con-ducting fluid between two heated parallel vertical porous plates is considered under the action of a magnetic field applied with an angle to the direction of flow. An analytical solution of the system describing the problem under consideration together with appropriate boundary conditions has been obtained by the use of Laplace transform technique......

After independence, women are participating in education gradually and globalization has become boon for women as many of them are getting professional and higher education. Further, employment opportunities also increased for women in twenty-first century. As a result, there is growth in the number of working women especially in urban areas. However, rural women are continued to perform their role in informal work such as seasonal employment and agricultural work. The paper analyzed the statistics related to the growth and development of working women in India.

The Container survey was conducted from 15th – 19th October 2013 for a period of five days in the University Campus of Chennai, Tamilnadu. The campus has an area of 175 acres (0.71 km2) and most of the main administrative buildings and faculties are located here. The surroundings of the campus have been planted with vegetation and trees, providing ideal resting sites for mosquitoes. A total of 60 containers were identified as potential breeding sites, However, more than 50% (32) containers were found containing larvae, with Tyers being the most dominant (number of containers =25), followed by plastic container (5), natural containers (2).Among all types of containers, 42% of the total surveyed Tyers were positive with mosquito larvae, followed by plastic containers (33%) and natural containers (20%), especially tree holes, were the dominant breeding sites for mosquitoes in the campus. The collected mosquito larvae were Aedes aegypti (100%).

After independence, emphasis on girls' education was made and globalization increased the professional and higher education among girls and there are also increases in employment opportunities for females. But, females have family responsibilities and along with family responsibilities, females are working outside now. Consequently, there is role conflict among working women. Due to role conflict, there is mental stress, anxiety, strain, psychological problems, etc. As such, a study of female doctors and female nurses was made in Gulbarga district to assess the role conflict. It was found that more than one-third of the respondents are suffering from problems due to role conflict and it was suggested for time management, cooperation of family members, etc to solve the role conflict problems of women in medical profession.

Maternal mortality or maternal deaths are serious health concerns for the pregnant women today all over the world. Indian Constitution assured health services for all women in India, but the statistics revealed that compared to the different countries; India has higher Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). The maternal deaths are of serious concern for the women today. The major causes for the maternal deaths are lack of awareness on the reproductive health and also lack of health facilities. The author analyzed the causes for maternal mortality along with the statistics of MMR and it is concluded to increase awareness among pregnant women and lactating mothers so as to maintain their health during pre-natal and post-natal period.

IFCI was established in the year 1948 by an Act of Parliament to provide institutional finance for industrial development in the country. It was subsequently corporatized in July 1993 after passing of the Industrial Finance Corporation (Transfer of Undertaking and Repeal) Act, 1993 by the Parliament of India. Since its inception, IFCI has been meeting the changing requirements of the clients through various schemes and financial products. As the first development financial institution of India,

The study was conducted on 200 college teacher's attitude towards information technology with respects to their male and female, married and unmarried, arts and science subject and rural and urban college teachers. The self made questionnaire was used to collect the data which was treated with statistical techniques. Results revealed that significant variation in the attitude towards information technology among college teachers with their sex, subject and marital status.

The European Union (EU) is the leading partner for many developed as well as developing countries in the world. With the emerging economies such like India the EU's share of trade is significant. The EU has the most successful example of regional economic integration in the world today. The EU represents around one fifth of the total world trade in goods and a quarter of total trade in commercial services during end of the twentieth century the figures for Japan , U.S.A. and India are around 11%, 10%,0.5% respectively.

A study on Impact of Behaviour Modification among Mentally Retarded Children - An Interventional Approach was carried out among 30 mentally retarded children where 8 from integrated and 22 from special schools where education programmes catering for the needs of the mentally retarded children was followed at Coimbatore district. Purposive sampling method was used to select the sample. Experimental method was followed and the results revealed that giving intervention by means of training the behavior modification techniques to the mentally retarded children helps in reducing their abnormal behaviours to the great extent.

The present study is on social maturity of graduate students. Social maturity in the level of social development is characterized by independence from parental and adult control in social situation. It is characterized by the individual's ability to mix with people in social situations and manage social dealings without anybody's assistance. In other words, it is the attainment of the adult level social behaviour, after undergoing the natural process of socialization. This study was conducted in Karur district of Tamil Nadu and survey method was employed. 692 students were selected by adopting simple random sampling technique as sample, in which 228 were boys and 464 were girls, 375 students from rural and 31 students from urban colleges, 307 students from self financing and 385 students from government colleges, 147 students from joint family and 545 were nuclear family, 430 were Hindu, 102 were Islam and 160 were Christian religion students. The investigator has found that the pro-social behaviour of higher secondary students is average. Stress perception of higher secondary students is average. Also it reveals that there is significantly low correlation and negative relationship exists between pro-social behaviour and stress perception.

Ground water depletion, a term often defined as long- term water level decline caused by sustained ground water pumping, is a key issue associated with ground water use and crop production. According to water commission of India the ground water level is decreasing 20 feet in 37 year from 1967 to 2002.Over population and rapid urbanization is the main cause fo depletion and degradation of ground water. As a result, arsenic contamination, subsidence, water quality deterioration, reduced surface-water flows has been occurred. Due to the depletion of ground water the reservoir for irrigation has been decreasing day by day. The district of Malda (24° 40' 20" N to 25° 33' 08" N and 87° 45' 50" E to 88° 28' 10"E) comprising an area of 3713 sq.

In Vedic culture, a teacher is considered the most honorable and respected person in the society. The position of a guru is equal to God. That is why Guru-Bramha, Guru-Vishnu, Guru-Devo Maheshwara. Teacher is a creator. In ancient Indian tradition, Gurukul was famous for continuing education. Students were joining Gurukul at age of 5 or 6 years. They completed their education in the care and guidance of teacher. Saint Kabeer also sings about the greatness of teacher. He told us, “ If teacher and God both give sakshatkar, first of all I bow to guruji. Because I don't know about God with out teacher”. Teacher imparts the knowledge about greatness of God to the student. He emphasizes the extent of super-power in this universe. With-out teacher we can't learn. For any child, the first teacher is his\her mother. After the mother, it is the family that functions as a teacher and inculcates human and moral values. The teacher in the class room is honored with the third position as instructor and guide for any child.

The discourse of marginality has become intrinsic to postcolonial literature. “Marginality is the condition constructed by the posited relation to a privileged centre” (Ashcroft et al 102). The process of breaking the “centre” shows the framework of marginal experience. It resists domination and dismantles the oppressive discourses of power. Marginality based on gender, class oppression, cultural and racial differences has formed the content of mushrooming range of postcolonial narratives.

The present research was an attempt to study the animals and birds motifs as design adornment on traditional Indian embroideries. Form analysis, a variation of content analysis was used as research design. The data was gathered through personal observation of specimens in various museums, emporiums, handloom fairs. The research approach was qualitative and to derive information various motifs were collected from books, articles, magazines and online articles on traditional embroideries of India

-In Indian music, 18th and 19th centuries are considered as golden era. Innovations of newer versions in music forms and musical instruments were taken place in this era. Unfortunately at the same time of this musical transformation, the country became subject of significant changes in political status that effected on all sectors of contemporary Indian civilization. Due to the offended circumstances while British rule taking control over the India between 17-18th century, many authentic descriptions of Indian music fallen into obscure.

The main Objective of this study was to compare the speed, coordinative ability among jumpers & throwers. The total number of sample size were 60 athlete's in which 30 jumpers & 30 throwers & equally divided in to two groups under 17 and 19 years. The sample was selected from Punjab State who had participated at State level of Competition. To find out the speed, 50m Dash & For coordinative ability. Shuttle Ream test was used. Result found that under 17 to 19 years age groups jumpers have more speed than throwers & also jumpers have more coordinative ability than throwers.

Women are participating in large number in almost all the spheres of economic activity. From village to city, a large number of women workers and entrepreneurs contributing towards the national income of the country can be observed. Now it has been accepted that the women's movement is for the welfare development and empowerment of women. The development of Indian women will be the biggest source of enrichment for our country's development. Economic empowerment of women can improve the social, educational and political status of women. Empirical evidences show that women contribute significantly to the running of family businesses mostly in the form of unpaid efforts and skills. Women entrepreneurship is the process where women or group of women initiate organize and run business enterprises and provide employment opportunities of others. In India, women entrepreneurs run only 8% of the small scale manufacturing units which is very less compared to the developed countries of the world.

Toxicity and geochemical importance of copper (II) is considered its separation by chelation technique in water samples using Pyridine-2, 6-dimethanol modified with alumina as a chelator. The standard solution of Cu (II) is considered for its analytical parameters as: dependent of pH, amount adsorbent, kinetic study, effect of temperature, interferences of other ions and elution rate. The proposed method is very simple and reliable for the extraction of Cu (II) in different water samples and its relative standard deviation is satisfactory.

It is deem imperative for any nation to have improved health status of its people. Realizing this in 1946 the first formal healthcare policy was laid out by Bhore committee report. Later, a series of policies were introduced in various plans like "Health for all by 2000 AD". In 1977, National Health Policy 1983, National Health Policy 2002, recently introduced national rural health mission 2005 laid stress in improvement in the health of people, to increase financial and material inputs,to increase quality of health services, to facilitate move equitable health care. But, national family Health survey 2005-06 reveals certain starting facts that 79.2% children in the age of 6 + 35 months were found to be anemic and this percentage was higher for rural areas (81.2%) 56% of married women in the age group 15 – 49 years were found to be anemic. Percentage of children who are stunted (too short for age) was 38, and those who were wasted (too thin for height) was 19. In 2004 20% of the population was under household, low birth rate babies (weight less than 2.5 kg at time of birth) were of the order of 30%. (Indian economy, Dutt & Sundaram, 2008). In 2005-06 only 44 percent of children of 12 to 23 months were fully immunized. (Sherly jurien, 2008). Data from NFHS – III reveal that only 26% of children with diarrhea were given oral dehydration salt (ORS) and barely two – thirds (64%) of children suffering from acute respiratory infection or fever taken to health facility

The present study was undertaken using on 100 nuclear family child and 100 joint family child of Aurangabad town. The purpose was to examine the effect of nuclear family and joint family upon Emotional Intelligence and Loneliness of children. For the purpose two hypotheses were formulated: (i) there will be significant effect of type of family on emotional intelligence of the child. (ii) There will be significant effect of type of family on loneliness of the child. Emotional Intelligence Scale by Anukool Hyde, Sanjyot Pethe and Upinder Dhar, Loneliness scale by Dr. Pravin Kumar Jha. Besides these a PDS was used to get other necessary information about the child. The obtained data were analyzed and treated using t-test. The results confirmed the hypotheses framed. It was concluded that (i) Joint family child have significantly high emotional intelligence than the nuclear family child. (ii) Nuclear family child have significantly high loneliness than the Joint family child.

Both the Tiruvalisvaram and the river Katana on the bank of which it is built have a glorious 1 mythological significance. It is believed that the sage Atthari brought the Ganges here to fulfil the desire 2 of the disciple to bath in the holy river.

A powerful weapon which can light the villages is "Education ".There is a strong need to improve the literacy rate and the quality in Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu is the most literate state of India according to the HRD ministry of India's 2003 statistics. Quality of education should improve rather than programs to drive children to school .This will lay off burden of cooperate school from parents. There should be legal guarantee for free and quality education. The time gap indeed come to Tamil Nadu to shift its attention from general rates of literacy rates, gross enrollment rates etc., to more serious concerns like the quality of education that the system provides and the underlying malaise affecting our educational system today Standard of Education offered in Tamil Nadu urgently needs reforms.

Work occupies most of our life, if you think about it…officially we are supposed to work for 8 hrs to be considered full time. But, people work differently in different countries depending on the culture. WORK CULTURE may be defined as the rules/regulations, policies, Practices, traditions/rituals and values/beliefs of the organization. The business culture of India is a reflection of the various norms and standards followed by its people. Technology has made it possible for companies to expand into international markets. The advent of globalization made business enterprises and employees to work across the borders of various countries, thus providing exposure to cross cultural working environment to both the organizations and employees. This eliminated the huge gap between the work culture of India and other countries to some extent. This paper examines the Indian work environment their working hours, work- life balance, relationship between Boss and subordinates, performance appraisals, accepting changes etc.

Purpose – The development of the Internet is changing the way financial services are provided in all over the world.The Internet banking facility has resulted in new ways of delivering banking services.The purpose of this paper is to study internet banking technology and identify the various factors affecting on consumer adoption of internet banking. Design/Methodology/Approach – For this research only secondary data source are used. To accomplish the studyaims, this research is based on the examination of variousjournals, all of which are directly related to Internet banking and its adoption. The secondary data were collected from various online journals, magazines, text books, new paper articles etc. Findings – It shows that two models are very popular for predicting consumer behavior and attitude are Theory of Reason Action (TRA) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Available literature shows that, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is very useful for analyzing acceptance of technology among users. PU, PEOU, trust, security and privacy, demographic profile of user are very important factors for internet banking adoption process.

Individuals are identified and discriminated on numerous bases by science as well as behavioral sciences. These peculiar traits which make a person stand out from the rest of the population are of exceptional significance in the arena of law and criminal justice. Identifying any person by his/her physical feature is very easy and the characteristics are observable to any human eye. But there may be cases were looks could be deceptive and physical traits could be fallible, as in case of twins. Twins have been studied ardently for decades now to introspect the role of nature and nurture in humans varied number of times in behavioral sciences. Twins, specifically Monozygotic Twins have been believed to share closely similar DNA and this makes a ground for an interesting piece of work as the genetic make is expected to be more or less the same.

A Coalition government consists of two or more parties who must compromise on principles and share a mandate. This mostly occurs due to a single party unable to gain majority of seats. Like Indian National Congress (INC), the National Conference in Jammu Kashmir has dominated the whole political system from very beginning. However due to emergence of regional political parties coalition governments were also formed in Jammu and Kashmir. This research paper provides an overview of the functioning of coalition governments in the Jammu and Kashmir during the 1986 and 2002 and also discussed the Rajive-Farooq accord.

Guru Nanak's system is a whole-life system like Islam and Judaism, and takes an integrated view of the spiritual and empirical aspects of life. Consequently, it categorically rejects monasticism, asceticism and withdraws from life. It sanctions a householder's life with full social participation and social responsibility. Brotherhood of mankind and equality of men and women and of all castes are repeatedly emphasized in the divine hymns and the lives of the Sikh Gurus. It is a radical departure from the Hindu social ideology of Varna Ashram Dharma. From the beginning of Sikh tradition, women have held an important place. Sikh history holds stories of the many women who helped in many ways to shape the faith. Women have been active and central subjects in Sikh history and they are remembered in prayer and song along with their male counterparts. Until Guru Nanak's time women in Indian society had long played a subordinate role. The inferior status of women, however, did not fit into His vision of total equality for all people.

The term settlement geography is derived from the German 'Siedleness Geography', which involves the study of visual imprints made by man upon the physical landscape in the process of occupancy. Geographers study settlement enables and their spatial patterns for analyzing sequence of change in the cultural landscape. In the aim of present study, an attempt has been made to study the relationship between physical and cultural factors and manmade factors the distribution of rural settlements. To study the site and location of rural settlements. It is found that, in the study region, most of the rural settlements are located near the water bodies. These settlements are called wet point rural settlements. In the western part of the study region more numbers of rural settlements are located in hilly areas on the spur and foot hill site away from the water bodies such settlements are called dry point rural settlements.

-Much has been written on the contestation on the nature, scope and historical background of development studies from its inception after the Second World War but there is hardly any discussion and st literature highlighting on the emerging trends of development in 21 Century.

India is a country where the trafficking of women and children occurs frequently and the incidents are seemed to be correlated with the economic social demographic and natural factor among other. Trafficking is one kind of migration meaning to recruitment of children and women within and across the national boundaries for work, marriage or services by means of violence, threat of violence. The widespread contemporary exploitation of men, women and children is unacceptable to people of conscience the world over. Traditional approaches to preventing trafficking in human beings, to protect and assist trafficked persons and bring criminals to justice have had some small impact on the global phenomenon, but not enough. That even one young person is denied the benefits of childhood, that one young woman are subjected to the brutal humiliation of sexual exploitation and that one man becomes the slave of a cruel taskmaster in another country are clear signals that we must renew both our resolve as well as our initiatives to protect those who are vulnerable.

Marriage is a social union or legal contract between individuals that creates kinship. In the Indian classical myths, we find that marriage is a sacred relationship between two individuals. The relationship between a couple is essentially a relationship of the souls. In the ancient Indian scripture eight different types of marriage have been documented. But in modern society marriages and weddings in India is very different from what it was years ago. In modern society marriage is generally divided into two kinds—arranged marriage and love marriage, though other types marriage is also found in some regions in India. In our society marriage has some important aspects—physical, social, psychological and moral, economic and legal. Marriage is far more profound than our contemporary culture would lead us to believe.

-Education is one of the most significant landmarks in women empowerment as it facilitates them to deal with their traditional responsibilities to bring positive changes in their lives. Education lessens Socio-economic disparities rampant in the society and acts as a way of improving the status of women within the family if the access to education is not denied to women on the pretext of tradition, religion or any other social norm. This research is designed to explore the relationship between access to education of Muslim women and their socio-economic status in Azamgarh district of Uttar Pradesh. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods. With respect to the former, in-depth interviews were used. This Study however shows that Education has had a positive impact on socio economic status of Muslim women in the district.

Human rights are those rights which belong to an individual as a result of being human. They are based on uncomplicated human needs as imperatives, some of these human needs are elements for absolute physical continued existence and health other is elemental for spiritual endurance and well being. These rights are linked with the established concept of natural law. These rights belong to human beings because of their very existence they become operative with their birth, human rights being the birth right are therefore inherit in all the persons irrespective of their class, creed, religion, Gender and race. Human Rights are universal rights; these cannot be bind by any particular country or religion. Human rights in Islam are based on the revelations from the holy book of Muslims (The Holy Quran) and from the practices of God's messenger (Prophet Mohammad) the two are the main source of Islamic law and human rights. In this paper the researcher has discussed the various human rights in the light of holy Quran and hadith, Cairo conference as a landmark event in the history of Islamic human rights.

Democracy requires an informed citizenry and transparency of information which are vital to its functioning and also to contain corruption and to hold governments and their instrumentalities accountable to the governed, says the preamble of the Indian Right to Information (RTI) Act. The act provides effective access to information for citizens of India, which is under the control of the public authorities. It promotes transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority. The Right to Information Bill, 2005 was passed by the Lok Sabha on May 11, 2005 and by the Rajya Sabha on May 12, 2005 and received the assent of the President of India on June 15, 2005 and came to force on October 12, 2005. This Briefing paper analyses the highlights and the status of implementation of the RTI Act in India and also looks at similar laws in other countries.

India is the second largest economy in the Asia, as measured in terms of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The horticulture sector is the major contribution to the agriculture sector GDP in India. The horticulture goods and processed products are very popular in national and international markets. The production of horticulture goods had increased, and then the horticulture plays a key role in agriculture exports in India. The main objective of the study is to examine the performance of horticulture exports and imports in India. In this study the secondary source of data (2001-2002 to 2010- 2011(p)) were used and simple statistical tools adopted. The major findings of the study are, the balance of trade was surplus even though imports increased. The percentage of horticulture exports were increased in the agriculture exports from 2001-02 to 2009-10. But percentages of horticulture exports were slightly decreased in National Exports.

Financial literacy means understanding of personal financial matters. It is ability to use knowledge and skills to manage financial resources effectively for a lifetime of financial well-being. Financial literacy making personal finance decisions in areas like real estate, insurance, investing, saving tax planning and retirement. It also involves intimate knowledge of financial concepts like compound interest, financial planning, the mechanics of a credit card, advantageous savings methods, consumer rights, time value of money, etc. Low level of financial literacy can lead to financial decisions that can have adverse effects on the financial health of an individual. The paper studies the level of financial literacy among working Youth in Pune region. Financial knowledge component measures understanding of interest calculations, relationship between inflation and return, inflation and prices, risk and return, and the role of diversification in risk reduction. The research also aimed at assessing the knowledge of individuals towards investment in various financial instruments. Thus the structured closed ended questionnaire was distributed among Post Graduate students in Pune to judge the level of financial literacy.

Bulk density of a soil depends on the soil texture. It increases with soil depth due to increase in clay content and the low content of total organic matter. The principal objective of this work was to investigate the bulk density and its impact on texture and total organic matter content for the tea estate soil of Sivasagar district. Some physico-chemical properties of soil such as, sand, silt, clay, PH , electrical conductivity , bulk density and total organic matter content were studied for thirty surface soil samples (0-15 cm) from ten tea estates. The clay, silt and sand content of soil samples ranges 10.85-25.96, 0.02- 0.03 and 74.02-89.12 % respectively; the values of bulk density for the tea estate soil vary from 0.85 - -3 -1 1.27 g cm ; soil pH varied from 4.53 to 5.62 ; electrical conductivity varied from 0.13 to 0.54 dS m and total organic matter content ranged 1.91 to 3.6 % . Soil bulk density showed positive relationship with sand and showed negative relationship with soil pH, electrical conductivity and total organic matter content.

This study attempts to understand the effect of India's adoption of major governance reforms (with reference to Clause 49) which is based on a voluntary 1998 Code of Corporate Governance, developed by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII, an organization of large Indian public firms).If investors consider the reforms to be valuable (or more valuable for larger firms), firm return in the form of share prices, accounting profit and earning per share should react positively to the key adoption announcement. Over a span period of 10 years before and after the announcement by the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI, India's principal securities regulator) for adoption of Clause 49, the profit after tax and EPS of the listed companies specifically the group of companies selected for this study has shown the positive effect on the above specified components. Average returns had increased considerably and even EPS also present the same picture, but these changes may have been due to factors other than the reforms. These results also supported by statistical testing. Overall, we report evidence consistent with investors expecting the Clause 49 reforms to increase the efficiency of corporates.

-Organizational culture plays vital role in making organization effectiveness. It helps to develop teamwork, unification, focused and shared objectives and mission among members of the organizations. Organizational culture as well as leadership style was main engine force to develop positive looks towards assignments, job satisfaction, and job involvement. It also helps to absorb new changes similarly; leader designs such organization environment where people feel confidence, ready to shoulder risk and new challenges etc. This study is directed to examine the association between organizational culture and leadership style in respect to organizational effectiveness in banking sector. Secondary data has collected to justify the objectives of the study and hypothesis.

The purpose of the study was to compare the physical fitness components among the male sutdents of Ch. Charan Singh P.G. College, Heonra. Two hundred (200) students, (50-male students from each group) selected from B.A, B.Sc. (Agriculture), B.Sc. and B.Com. Subjects were selected as randomly for the purpose of the study. The age of the subjects were ranging 18 to 25 years. Criterion measure had chosen e.g. speed, agility, muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance and explosive strength. For the purpose of analysis of data F test was applied, which has followed by Scheffes test for post hoc comparisons to determine the significance of difference between paired means. The result of the study shows that the no significant difference in speed, agility, abdominal strength, explosive leg strength and muscular endurance exists between B.A, B.Sc. (Ag), B.Sc. and B.Com except in cardiovascular endurance

The effect of exopolysaccharides of Azospirillum isolates viz., Azo-16, Azo-19, PS-24 and PS- 28 and certain ISR inducing chemicals viz., Salicylic acid, Jasmonic acid and Azibenzolar on the enhancement of plant growth and bio-control against blast disease in lowland rice crop was studied under in-vitro condition. It was observed that the application of EPS, collected from Azospirillum isolates and Pseudomonas isolates, augmented the height of rice plant and reduced the blast disease incidence in lowland rice to a higher level when compared to the application of ISR inducing chemicals alone. Eventhough, the application of ISR inducing chemicals was found to reduce the blast disease incidence, as in the case of purified EPS application of Azospirillum isolates and Pseudomonas isolates, but did not augment the growth of rice plant and clearly revealed the absence of phytostimulatory activities of ISR inducing chemicals.The study on the optimization of different concentrations of purified EPS viz., 100, 200, 300 ppm on the blast disease incidence of rice revealed that the application of the same at 200 ppm concentration could effectively controlled the disease incidence to a higher level when compared to other concentration. The results of the present study clearly revealed the effect of Azospirillum and Pseudomonas EPS on the enhancement of host plant growth as well as the bio-control against Pyricularia oryzae whereas the application of ISR inducing chemicals confined with reduction in blast disease incidence alone. Moreover, the Azospirillum and Pseudomonas EPS at a concentration of 200 ppm level could be optimized as effective one for the control of blast disease in lowland rice.

The Tai Khamtis, a tribe that migrated to Assam in the middle of the eighteenth century CE, follow the Hinayana or Theraveda form of Buddhism. They do so after the Burmese monasteries. Their Buddhism, however, has elements of other religions.....

Education has obtained important place as a means of development in the age of globalization. The universalization of primary education will have to be investigated for qualitative education. The title undertaken for the present research is as follows : A study of the Enrollment, Shala Praveshotsav and Retention of the Admissible Children of the Primary Schools of Mehsana Mehsana District Primary school Enrollment Shala praveshotsav Study.

India has a rich heritage of pilgrim centres. The Pandarpur is one of the famous pilgrim centres of Maharashtra. It is also called as Dakshin kashi where Bhima River is flowing by taking a shape of crescent moon therefore, it is famously called as Chandrabhaga river.Lacks of devotees visit to Pandharpur every year during Ashadi, Kartik, Magh and Chaitree yatras. These devotees use the water of Chandrabhaga for taking holy bath and other human activities. The human interference is increased enormously during these days. It may lead to deterioration of water quality. To study the effect of water quality the samples were collected in between and after the yatra days. The physico chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, total alkalinity, calcium, turbidity etc. were analysed for the study. Dissolved oxygen, total hardness and turbidity greatly showed variations during yatra days and after the yatra day's sample. The quality of water gives indication of intensity of pollution in the water

-In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse the livelihood patterns and identify the main factors which make livelihood sustainable in two selected villages of Murshidabad district of West Bengal. Sustainable Livelihoods are derived from people's capacity to make a living by surviving shocks and stresses and to improve their material condition without jeopardizing other's livelihood option either now or in the future. This requires reliance on both capabilities and assets for a means of living. A Comparative analysis of the livelihoods of the two villages have been made in this paper .The study reveals that only one third of the households of both the villages (34.8 per cent in Khoshbagh and 32.6 per cent in Majhardiar) have sustainable livelihoods which are achieved by adopting some strategies such as agricultural extensification, agricultural intensification, livelihood diversification, more work and migration. Government also helped the people to improve their livelihoods by providing extra facilities to the BPL card holders through PDS and 100 day guarantee of work to the job card holder needy people. Self Help Group also support people's livelihood by providing them loan at lower interest. People also deposit their saving in the SHG. The study finds that livelihoods are more vulnerable in Majhardiar village (67.6 per cent) due to its flood proneness than the other village Khoshbagh (65.2). Arsenic contaminated ground water and infertile soil are the major hindrances for the sustainable livelihood in Khoshbagh. This paper present a detailed analysis of the five types of assets and also deals with the livelihood strategies adopted by the people for making their livelihood sustainable. It is clear from the study that interrelation of all these five capitals namely human, physical, natural, social and financial lead to sustainable livelihood. Beside regular source of income the more is the diversification of income more sustainable is the livelihoods. The study finds that the households which are solely depend on earning from vendor, daily labour, agricultural worker, bidi worker, van driver are more vulnerable than the other people engaged in government services, business and farming. Due to flood proneness, irregular source of income and lack of Govt job people of Majhardiar are bound to diversify their livelihoods. Desired livelihood outcomes for better level of living, improved food security, more income and more sustainable use of natural resources may be achieved only when the livelihood is Sustainable.

The present study aims to investigate the emotional intelligence of orphan and non-orphan high school students in District Doda ,Jammu and Kashmir. Using random sampling technique 140 [70 0rphan(35 boys and 35 girl) and 70 non-orphan(35 boys and 35 girls)]students, from the high school level are chosen. The Emotional Intelligence Scale developed by Anukool Hyde,Sanjyot Pethe and Upinder Dhar is used in this study. The data collected is subjected to statistical analysis, namely, mean, standard deviation and 't' test. Results show a significant mean difference(t-value=6.04) between the emotional intelligence of urphan and non-orphan high school students and also a significant mean difference between orphan and non-orphan boys and orphan and non-orphan girls(t-value=4.13 and t-value =5.47).The study reveals that orphan students are more emotionally intelligent than the non-orphan students.

Language learning is a continuous and steady process of surrounding impact. It started from fetus form and infant stages. The seed of language and culture shapes the audible and visual mindset of the students from childhood. The language of parents, family and vicinity sharpens the edges of language learning procedure. The basic mindset of the speakers' bents spontaneously towards his or her native language. Even the constructive, contemplative and common shafts of thoughts sparks voluntarily and easily in native language pertinently. But to speak in non- native language without any language culture is an acrobatic exercise. English is the window of the world. A language of modernity. The extension area of it is very wide. Western Vidarbha Region is situated in Maharashtra. Being a Marathi language speaking region, to speak in non- native language is an acid test to the Marathi language students. The preview about English language is full of thorns but the growing craze and importance is yet unsubsided. The traditional thinking about English and its uses on educational level is still alive but the role of ICT has taken a drastic change in English language perception. All ICT products using its keys of synchronization in English have softened the comprehension of English language among students of Westrn Vidarbah Region. It is a different measurement for the same thing at a time about English language to think is abortive and to feel is acceptive.

The north Karnataka state is consisting of two revenue divisions i.e. Belgaum (7 districts) division and Gulbarga (6 districts) division. In both of these divisions one SHG in each division i.e. Sri RenukadeviStree Shakti group of Petalur village of Mundaragitaluk in Gadag district of Belgaum revenue division has selected for the purpose of the study.

Banking environment has become highly competitive today. To be able to survive and grow fin the changing market environment banks are going for the latest technologies, that can help in developing learner and more flexible structure that can respond quickly to the dynamics of a fast changing market scenario, information technology enables sophisticated product development, better market infrastructure implementation of reliable techniques for control of risks and helps the financial intermediaries to reach geographically distant and diversified markets

There is a opinion among the people from ages that women plays a significant role in Man's life. She can play crucial role in development of nation as well as human development. The hands which cradle can cradle the whole world. The vedas and have regarded women as Devi. Jagatmata, Ardhangini, which expresses the view that the life of man would be incomplite if there is no women. Therefore she is called Ardhangini of man. At this juncture the proverb hold true, that always there is a woman behind success of a man

Fairness creams have become a vital product for the Indian FMCG companies in increasing their overall sales due to the importance given by Indian consumers towards fairness. India is a country known for its diversity in culture, religion,race, language and skin color. In recent years more importance is given to the outward personality of a person to come out with flying colors in their studies or work life or in getting the right partner which is evident from the advertisements that is being shown. The marketing strategies for achieving sales of the concerned product give the strongest possible competitive advantage. The major sector using fairness cream is youth or teenagers. There are so many brands available in fairness cream market in India. Hence, this paper aims to identify the brand preference of youngsters towards fairness creams. The paper also examines the factors influencing consumers in preferring various brands of fairness creams.

Today it can be observed that the financial liberalization and technology revolution have allowed the developments of new and more efficient delivery and processing channels as well as more innovative products and services in banking industry. Banking institutions are facing competition not only from each other but also from non-bank financial intermediaries as well as from alternative sources of financing. As financial institutions increasingly offer online banking services to their customers, they must face issues of consumer confidence in the Internet. Consumers are concerned about identity theft and wonder if the Internet is safe for online banking. Therefore, building the best controls to prevent fraud and protect customers is of critical importance. This paper investigates the extent of safety measures followed by customers while e-banking, analyses the awareness of the customers regarding the various online banking scams and suggests safety measures to be followed while e-banking. Primary data was collected from 50 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Secondary data was used to know about the various electronic e-banking products and services and various online scams. It is anticipated that the findings would be useful to the banking sector to frame proper policies in the area of e-banking.

In the beginning of present research the survey & collection of different varieties of seed of chickpea Viz Radhey, ICP-1454, ICC-1876, Avarodhi, Pragati, Ujjain-2, 21, 24, Gulab, Co-1, Kadale- 23, BEG-482, and T-3 was done during the year 2011-2012 from local mandi of Kanpur city and other village markets. The seed sample were labeled at the time of collection by giving them collection number, harvesting time and place of collection. Collected seeds were cleaned by blowing and sieving. After cleaning, seeds were further dried and stored in a cool and dry place. The seed borne fungi associated with chickpea seeds were determined by the inspection of dry seeds, washing test, agar plate method and standard blotter methods.

The default risk arises from a borrower's failure to pay interest or principal or both on loans and securities as promised. It is the potential that a bank borrower/counterparty fails to meet the obligations on agreed terms. There is always scope for the borrower to default from his/her comments for one or other reason resulting in crystalisation of credit risk to the bank. Credit risk is inherent to the business of lending funds to the operations linked closely to market risk variables. The objective of credit risk management is to minimize the risk and maximize bank risk adjusted rate of return by assuming and maintaining credit exposure within the acceptable parameters.

In this paper, we construct a three sector static general equilibrium model of a small open economy with special consideration to the EPZs. The paper examines the impact of FDI on the output levels of different sectors and also on the incidence of employment in the EPZs. Here we have shown the possibility of expansion of EPZ as well as level of employment in that sector. Finally we have shown that social welfare of our small open economy may improve.

Indian Constitution and many of the legislations emphasized gender equality. But, in reality gender equality is not achieved and females are getting lower status in society. Employment, especially in teaching is increasingly participating by women in modern days. Teaching profession gave women economic independence. The present study is based on survey of 500 women teachers working in primary schools in Gulbarga district on whether they have achieved gender equality. It was found that women teachers have gained equal status in their families, but not in society, as majority of the women teachers are getting inferior treatment from their male colleagues.

:In the present investigation, alterations in acid phosphatase activity of Bellamya bengalensis subjected to acute toxicity of copper (96 hrs LC during summer season= 0.60 ppm) over a period of 30 50 days (exposure period) was used to assess toxicity. Samples of digestive glands were collected from both exposure and control groups and subjected for biochemical analysis of enzyme activity. There was generally a gradual increase in the levels of acid phosphatase activity in digestive gland when compared to respective control groups. Significant differences were observed in acid phosphatase levels in the copper treated gastropods with an increase in the exposure of time to the copper. Our results demonstrated that, acid phosphatase enzyme may be sensitive to heavy metal and can be affected by heavy metal ions hence it can be used as a biomarker to evaluate toxicity in aquatic organisms.