Integration among developing countries also attracts direct foreign investment in new regionally based manufacturing industries that enjoy economies of scale. This requires inter-governmental agreement for the establishment of chose industries or plants, as also policy measures like tariff against foreign competition, fiscal & administrative measures for their implementation & success. This association of countries of Indian sub-continent is for close economic and commercial co-operation among the member countries.

Bilateral relations between India and Pakistan are undoubtedly the most important in South Asia and the world also. But relations among both states not at all smooth in nature and has been full of ups and downs. In this case of India and Pakistan, given the historical divide between Hindus and Muslims, it is Understandable for a certain amount of acrimony and distrust to have an impact on their relationship. This resulting quarrelsome mindset has prompted three wars so far. The partition of the subcontinent into India and Pakistan came with a record brutal violence, deaths, and damage. The history of Indo-Pak Relations has been mainly a story of conflict and discord, mutual distrust and suspicion. Other than Israel, Pakistan is the only nation in 20th century whose birth resulted from the demand by a religious community.

Background: The purpose was to conduct a study on match analysis of the state level basketball teams. Method: To achieve the purpose of the present study four Basketball teams namely, BSNL, IOB, TNEB and ICF teams were selected from the Basketball State Championship Tournament which was held at Tanjore distict in the academic year 2009-2010 and their age ranged from 18 to 28 years. Among the four teams the 2-point & 3-point attempts were analysed to know the success rates. Percentage was calculated to find out the number of successful attempts.

The word kapalbhati is made up of two words, kapal meaning skull (here skull includes all the organs under the skull too) and bhati means shining, illuminating. Due to the process, the organs under the skull mainly the brain and the small brain are influenced in a good manner. The process of kapalbhati is related to the breathing process; however it is not a type of pranayam. But, certain sadhakas think in this manner and study kapalbhati under the impression that they are studying a type of pranayam. kapalbhati improves respiratory muscle tone and also increases the entire system of respiration. It also enhances the breathing power of person. It creates an evolution in human life style.

Prime Minister, Narender Modi, chose Haryana to launch his nationwide campaign of ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ in January this year. Unfortunately, it’s not a feather in the cap as Haryana was chosen for this ‘campaign for saving the girl child’, for having one of the worst sex ratio and child sex ratio in the country. The census of 2011 recorded 827 females for every 1000 males in Haryana. The child sex ratio was equally saddening at 830 number of girls per 1000 boys between 0 to 6 years of age. What is even more alarming is the fact that Haryana is otherwise amongst the economically most progressive states. The persistently declining sex ratio in Haryana has reached the level of a crisis which will have far reaching social and economic consequences.

According to the Encyclopedia Americana(1974:12), translation ‘is as old as written language’. Literary historians say that the art of translating has been there in practice from 3000 B.C. The art of translation has such a long history. Unfortunately, there is no well defined and authentic strategy for translating a text from one language to another. It remains a mystery. This mystic nature of translation, kindle the researchers, linguists and translator to extend their research in translation. Here, in this paper, the author wants to enumerate this mystic nature of translation with reference to select English translated ‘Tirukkural’ couplets.

The present study is concerned with Scheduled Caste (SC) and its major focus on the development through the state and central governments with their policy implements .the Scheduled Castes Development Bureau, the Ministry implements Schedules Caste Sub-Plan (SCSP) which is an umbrella strategy to ensure flow of targeted financial and physical benefits from all the general sectors of development for the benefit of Scheduled Castes. Under the strategy, States/UTs are required to formulate and implement Special Component Plan (SCP) for Scheduled Castes as part of their Annual Plans by earmarking resources. At present 27 States/UTs having sizeable SC population are implementing Schedules Caste Sub-Plan.

The origin of Scheduled Caste can be traced from the early Hindu scriptures which divides Indian society in to four Varnas on the basis of occupations and the last of which is Scheduled Castes. The Aryans were behind the origin and emergence of castes including the lowest stratum i.e., Scheduled Caste. This Scheduled Caste people are not socially, economically and educationally on par with the rest of the Indian population whose wide disparities with the Scheduled Caste mandate the Government of India to bridge such a wide gap by stringent policy measures. Hence, the Government of India through special constitutional provisions is bound to ensure the security- social, economic and educational of Scheduled Castes whose name appears in the schedule of Indian Constitution.

Online retail while today representing a small fraction of the e-commerce space is one of the fastest growing segments. It is also the most challenging in fulfilling its fundamental proposition of transcending physical boundaries to deliver a variety of products to the customer’s doorstep. As well as the online visual merchandising most important tool of the E- retailing. This article refer that what are the growth of e- retailing in India , how it will be most use full for e-comers business holders and the vital role of online visual merchandising which can be important things on line shoppers.

This study revealed that marketing is the area which seems to be neglected because the company products were in great demand. However the scenario is changing, which makes it necessary for the company to establish a full-fledged marketing department inside the company. The company should change its stance from production oriented to marketing oriented. The modern people mainly focusing the fast foods for their time, taste and consumption comfort, in that case the study problem is to find out the reason for preferring the Suguna chicken products around the Salem district. In the Salem district Suguna chicken products especially meet products were moving in good level compare with competitor products.

The objective of the present study is to compare personality disorders between obese and normal weight teenage boys. For present study, 100 obese teenage boys (Ave. age 17.22 yrs) and 100 normal weight teenage boys (Ave. age 17.89 yrs) from various govt. and private schools/junior colleges operational in and around Nagpur city were selected to serve as sample. WHO (1995) classification for Body Mass Index was used to identify obese and normal weight teenage boys. Jodhpur Multiphasic Personality Inventory prepared by Joshi and Malik (1981) was used to assess personality disorders among selected subjects.

Though turmeric has a 5000 year old history in India, cultivation practices have not been adequately researched. As a result productivity has been , at best, moderate. As this wonder spice now get global recognition for its tremendous medicinal value, better cultivation method need to be adopted. Turmeric, Curcuma longa Linn (Haldi) of the Zingiberaceae family, is native to India and Southeast Asia. India is the largest producer, consumer and exporter of turmeric. The world production of turmeric stands at around 8,00,000 tonnes, of which India has a share of approximately 75-80 per cent. India consumes about 80 per cent of its own production.

Food processing industry is of enormous significance for India’s development because of the vital linkages and synergies that it promotes between the two pillars of the economy; namely, ‘industry’ and ‘agriculture’. India is the second largest producer of food in the world and has the potential to become a leading producer of food. Food-processing industry is facing constraints like non-availability of adequate infrastructural facilities, lack of adequate quality control & testing infrastructure, inefficient supply chain, seasonality of raw material, high inventory carrying cost, high taxation, high packaging cost, affordability and cultural preference of fresh food. Unprocessed foods are prone to spoilage by biochemical processes, microbial attack and infestation. Good processing techniques, packaging, transportation and storage can play an important role in reducing spoilage and extending shelf life.

Lead bank works as a consortium leader in the priority sector in invoking Co-operations of other banks and develop agencies for the overall development of the area. Lead bank does not have the monopoly of banking business in the lead districts nor is responsible for its development. According to Reserve bank of India lead bank scheme, some specific area is allotted for working to every lead bank. Bank of Maharashtra has Lead Bank responsibility in six districts of Maharashtra State viz. Aurangabad, Jalna, Nasik, Pune, Satara and Thane. Every year Bank is successful in achieving the targets under Annual Credit Plan with achievement under various sub sectoral targets. There were total 478 bank branches in selected districts.

In this modern era, money plays an important role in one’s life. In order to overcome the problems in future they have to invest their money. The investment of hard earned money is a crucial activity of every human being. The investment is the commitment of funds which have been saved from current consumption with the hope that some benefits will be received in future. The savings of the people are invested in assets depending on their risk and return demands, Safety of money, liquidity, the available avenues for investment, various financial institutions, etc.The finance is a new academic discipline which seeks to apply the insights of the psychologists to understand the behaviour of both investors and financial markets.

Medical Tourism is a new form of a niche tourism market which has been rapidly growing in recent years. The term refers to the act of travelling to other countries to obtain medical/surgical care and a l te rna t i ve t re a tment l i ke rejuvenation and Ayurvedic treatments., Medical Tourism is the attempt by nations to attract tourists by deliberately promoting health services and facilities, in addition to its regular tourist amenities. India is most preferred destination for foreign medical tourist due to low cost advantage, strong reputation in the advanced healthcare segment and the diversity of tourist destinations available in the country. Challenges in front of Indian Medical Tourism industry are absence of government initiative, lack of a coordinated effort to promote the industry, no accreditation mechanism for hospitals and the lack of uniform pricing policies and standards across hospitals. This paper tries to evaluate present status of Indian medical Tourism industry, various opportunities and challenges and areas of improvement.

Self-Help Groups are playing significant role in social security and economic freedom among rural women. Still, it is noted that complete gender equality is not achieved though many of the women are actively participating in income generating activities. The authors made a interview based survey of total 151 women members of Self- Help Groups located at five villages surrounding to Kalaburagi city in Karnataka. It was found that though women are generating income from outside, still female inequality prevailed in families and society. NGOs and Panchayats are playing significant role in promoting Self-Help Groups and it is suggested to organize awareness campaigns on gender equality, social welfare schemes, etc.

In the global world, educational institutions perform a significant function by providing the learning experiences and leads towards the light of knowledge rather than the darkness of ignorance. The institutions are not run by big of f i cers , beaurocrates or administrative person nut it’s a teacher who plays great responsibility for the society by teaching and provide the oceans of knowledge to the students. It is true that mother is the first school of a child, but she cannot provide that what a teacher can provides to a student. The National Council of Teacher Education (1988) states that teacher is the most important element in any educational program and is mainly responsible for the implementation of the educational process at any stage.

In the global world, educational institutions perform a significant function by providing the learning experiences and leads towards the light of knowledge rather than the darkness of ignorance. The institutions are not run by big of f i cers , beaurocrates or administrative person nut it’s a teacher who plays great responsibility for the society by teaching and provide the oceans of knowledge to the students. It is true that mother is the first school of a child, but she cannot provide that what a teacher can provides to a student. The National Council of Teacher Education (1988) states that teacher is the most important element in any educational program and is mainly responsible for the implementation of the educational process at any stage.

The main objective of the present study is to compare self concept of tribal and non tribal players from Chhattisgarh. For present study, 200 intercollegiate tribal players (Ave. age 20.23 yrs.) and 200 intercollegiate non tribal players (Ave. age 19.90 yrs) were selected as sample. The criteria for selection of subjects were participation in intercollegiate tournaments for any sports discipline. The selection of subjects was done from colleges under the jurisdiction of various Universities operational in Chhattisgarh. The other criterion for selection of subjects was domicile of Chhattisgarh. The sample was collected through convenience sampling method.

Signal Processing has a rich history and i t s importance in bio medical engineering is known to all. ECG analysis and processing can be used to extract some characteristic parameters. The noise removal from Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is very complex problem. In ECG signal baseline wander noise distorts the low frequency segments. The low frequency segment in ECG is ST segment. Heart attack related information is retrained from ST segment, so it is very necessary to have a noise free ECG signal. Baseline drift noise occurs due to respiratory signal and body movements. Respiratory signal wanders between 0.15Hz and 0.5Hz frequencies. One of the most common methods to remove baseline drift interference is Adaptive filtering.

Emotional competence as the ability to understand, manage and express the emotional aspect that enable the successful management of life tasks such as learning, forming relationships, solving everyday problems, and adopting to the complex demands of growth and development. The study was conducted in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu and survey method was employed. From 19 colleges 800 graduate students were selected as sample by adopting random sampling technique. The investigator used the emotional competency scale standardized by Dr. H.C.Sharma & R.L. Bharadwaj (2007) to measure the emotional competence of the students.

Information is now seen as a valuable resource within an organization, a resource that if properly managed and used can stimulate for innovation, speed product development, raises levels of productivity, ensure consistent standards of quality and through all these means, raises its relative level of competitiveness. Approaching the end of twentieth century, societies all over the world are changing and the information now plays an increasingly important part in economical, social, cultural and political life by creating a goal of achieving an information conscious society. Today the information arena is witnessing an exciting plethora of technological advances, which has been quite responsible for immeasurable enhancement in human knowledge.

Girish Karnad (1938) needs no introduction to the Indian audience. As a playwright, as an actor and as a cinema personality he is well known among the Indians. One of the great achievements of Karnad is that he elevated Indian drama to such a stature that where international audience sit and take notice of Karnad’s plays are specially known for their nativity and use of folk elements of India in general and Karnataka in particular. In this essay we shall see some of the important folk elements that Karnad used in his two ground breaking plays Hayavadana and Nagamandala.

Indian women and rural women in particular play many social and economic roles inside as well as outside the home. Rural Indian women are extensively involved in agriculture activities. Agriculture in the so called third world countries depends heavily on manual labour and women constitute the maximum number. The women are the backbone of agricultural workforce but worldwide her hard work has mostly been unpaid. Over the years, there has been a gradual realization of the key role of women in agricultural development and their contribution in the activities like sowing, transplanting, weeding, irrigation, winnowing, storing, food security, horticulture, nutrition and other household activities.

Textile sector in India plays an important role in the country s economy, providing employment to a significant population in rural and urban areas. Objectives: This paper focuses on health and safety aspects of textile workers in Solapur City(one of the key textile cluster) in the state of Maharashtra, India. Methodology: A sample of 180 workers from the identified textile industries of Solapur city were assessed for their general physique, muscle tone, lung condition, and eyesight using different techniques. The study aimed at developing a framework for understanding risks to textile workers resulting from lack of health and safety standards in companies. Results: Findings showed that most of the workers have been affected by respiratory problems, increase in muscle tone, eye problems and musculoskeletal problem.

Sahitya Academy Library is a well recognized organization in the country that is known to promote the Indian Literature through various means. The Organization has been in the literature industry for quite some time and has been the source of exploring and spreading the Indian languages. They have been handling and preserving the development of various languages in the country. It is also responsible to organize various events at the national and international level to promote the culture of the nation. Sahitya Academy is also one of the leading book publishers of various books in different languages for a better know how of the nation.

In India, a specific number of political positions and college posts are held for particular gatherings of the populace, including Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Backward Castes, Anglo-Indians and Women. There are Reserved Constituencies and Tribes in both Parliamentary and Assembly Elections. General Candidates are not qualified to challenge from these voting demographics. All voters are to vote in favor of one of the competitors (from Scheduled Castes or Tribes). If there should arise an occurrence of Municipal Elections, the electorates are known as Wards. In this way, there may be the same number of Wards or Constituencies as the quantity of chose seats in the chose body.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of weight training program on selected physical variables i.e. legs strength, arms strength, and abdomen strength. Total 30 male undergr- aduate students of Department of Physical Education, Nagpur were taken as subjects. The study was confined to the following physical variables, i.e., legs strength, abdominal strength and arms strength. Explosive leg strength was measured by standing broad jump and was recorded to the nearest of a centimeters. Arms strength was measured by Arm strength index was computed by the application of Rogers formula, pull-ups and push-ups and was recorded in the numbers. Abdominal strength was measured by bent knee sit- ups and was recorded in numbers. To find out the effect of training program on selected physical variables, dependent test was applied and the level of significance was set at the 0.05. The study indicates that eight week of weight training program, increase muscular strength.

This study systematically assessed the impact and relation between human resource development practices and employee’s performance of the textile industries. It’s also helps us to recognize the significance of human resource development practices on the textile industries performance. There are several different HRD Practices where textile industry combines and to manage its HR system. It should always perform these different Best HRD Practices which they should implement for the upcoming survival and sustainability of the textile industries. This Study proves the impact of Human Resource development practices on performance of textile industries.

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Mol.Standl.) is a delicious vegetable,capable for delivering health benefits besides fulfilling physiological needs. The juice was prepared from immature to over mature fruits of bottle gourd fruits of 65, 70, 75 and 80 days after sowing. The physico-chemical, sensory characteristics and microbiological safety of bottle gourd juice in glass and PET bottles were evaluated for 3 months at room and cold temperature. There was continuous increase in TSS, reducing sugars and pH while, acidity and chlorophyll decreased in bottle gourd juice with advancement of storage period.

Promotion of maternal and child heath has been one of the most important objectives of the Family Welfare Programmed in India. Various programmed interventions in the form of maternal of maternal and child health services through the years have come to stay, to protect the health of mother and child. In India women in reproductive age (15-45) years and children below 5 years of age, compromise 62% of the total population. The main focus of structure the study is to the Socio-Economic demographic which successfully the respondent’s knowledge of reproductive health care facilities. Government and non-governmental agencies must expand services, improve their quality, and tailor them to meet the needs of women and communities.

Promotion of maternal and child heath has been one of the most important objectives of the Family Welfare Programmed in India. Various programmed interventions in the form of maternal of maternal and child health services through the years have come to stay, to protect the health of mother and child. In India women in reproductive age (15-45) years and children below 5 years of age, compromise 62% of the total population. The main focus of structure the study is to the Socio-Economic demographic which successfully the respondent’s knowledge of reproductive health care facilities. Government and non-governmental agencies must expand services, improve their quality, and tailor them to meet the needs of women and communities.

The Preamble of an Act sets out the main objectives which the legislation is intended to achieve. It is a sort of introduction to the statute and may times very helpful to understand the policy and legislative intent. The Constitution makers gave to the Preamble “the place of pride.” In re Berubari Case,1 the Supreme Court has said that the Preamble to the Constitution is a key to open the mind of the makers, and shows the general purpose for which they made the several provisions in the Constitution.

Consumers are getting connected than ever before. Consumers exposed to more information and learned choices. Consumers leaving footprint about their preferences, behavior and interests, which compound the databases for e-commerce companies to search for new marketing challenges and consumer behavior. The primary objective of the current study is to understand the on-line buying pattern of consumers of on-line shopping in Bhusaval Municipal Area, Maharashtra state, India.

This research paper throws light on the correlation between emotional maturity and family climate that influence the student’s personality. Family is the micro system of social environment. It has great impact on the different aspect of the student’s personality. Family climate is related to the emotional maturity of the students. This research paper also throws light on the emotional maturity in relation to their family climate of the students of both sexes age between 13 to16 years has been selected from the secondary school of Sonipat city.

The present paper is an attempt to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of houseless population and to find out the causes of houselessness and problems faced by houseless population in Aligarh city. The study is based on primary data collected through the field survey through the direct questionnaire to the respondents in different areas of Aligarh city on random basis. On the basis of random sampling during survey, the 100 samples of houseless population were selected in the city. The study shows that houseless population in the city is the result of age and sex selective rural in-migration of the people from various places of origin outside of the city. The overall socio-economic characteristics of houseless population are very pathetic and deplorable.

Roadside habitats are the micro-level of habitat with are formed by fragmentation of large habitat, some time it is developed my human effort. Most studies have focused on individual and population level effects of road edge. The study focused on species variation, composition, richness and their functional alteration in proximity to roads. Twelve roads are selected and survey is carried out upto ten meters (10) distance at the both side of the roads. Measurement of soil characteristics, infiltration rate, species composition and ecological significance are established depending on which micro-zones are delineated. The study has been based on entirely primary field survey.

By a normative study an attempt is made to explore the anti-caste movement of India is an ongoing process. The said movement is not only very new but it has its own long history. The real implementation of the move¬ment we can found in our constitution. To create an ideal society in place of discriminations among the four Varnas by which Indian society would be replaced as an equitable society.

There are varied of consumer responses with respect to their purchase decision. It differs as per their demographic profile. Consumers with different age, income, occupation, gender, family profile etc. differ in their opinion with respect to different product attributes. Present study is an attempt to measure the opinion differentials of consumers demography with respect to product and service attribute of Chinese electronics items in Bilaspur city. It is a generalized study, and with the help of 100 respondents with convenience sampling method in operation, differences are measured. Kruskal wallis H test and Mann-Whitny U test is employed to test hypothesis to arrive at specific conclusion. The end result will help in effective market segmentation and thereby formulation of suitable marketing policies to generate effective sales result.

Stress affects everyone in a different way. Stress in academic institutions can have both positive and negative consequences if not well managed. Academic institutions have different work settings compared to non-academic and therefore one would expect the differences in symptoms, causes, and consequences of stress. By identifying the sub issues of each component of academic stress among the college students the study provides better insights to the academic administrators for initiating efforts to reduce the intensity of academic stress.

The scheduled castes are most backward since immemorial years. As such, as per the provisions of Indian Constitution and Government welfare schemes, they are encouraged in terms of education, employment and such other schemes so as to get socio-economic status in society. Still, it is observed that the scheduled castes are backward, especially in backward areas like Aland taluka in Gulbarga district. To look into socio-economic conditions of scheduled castes, a survey based on interviews was made in Aland taluka. Totally 400 people of scheduled castes were interviewed and the collected data revealed that, there is gender inequality among scheduled castes and majority of the scheduled castes are backward.

The Kolhapur District is agriculturally well developed district in south Maharashtra. Each and every cropping pattern mostly influenced by physical socio-economic factors and pedological conditions. Each crop has maximum, minimum, and optimum temperature. The study of cropping pattern constitutes an important aspect of agricultural geography and it help in the planning and development of the region. The cropping pattern varies from region to region. The perception and assessment of environment also guide to grow certain crops in a region. Those areas of the world where physical diversities are less, the cropping pattern are less diversified. The present paper is an attempt to analyze how the physical and cultural parameters have an impact on the cropping pattern of the district.

In fifteenth century, Guru Nanak laid the foundation of new, dynamic and revolutionary way of life in form of Sikhism. He took the due notice of religious practises, actual behaviour and general attitude of the followers of Yog tradition of his time. He denounced the asceticism and all those religious beliefs, which motivated the masses to renounce the world and to run away from the performance of social responsibilities. Sikh Gurus criticised the outward religiosity of yogis.

Crimes committed in the region were of economic, social or administrative nature. Economic crimes were those that were committed with a view to seizethe wealth of another party. Among then the most common were dacoi1t, house,-breaking, torchlight robbery, cattle-lifting. burglary, incendiarism and theft. Towards this end, murder and assaults were frequently committed. These crimes were mostly committed by the Kallars and the Koravas in Tamil Country especially in the Madurai District. This paper analyses the nature and various types of the crimes committed by the Kallars in the Nineteenth Century Maduari District

Rights are those conditions of life without which no man can seek to be himself at his best. Indian citizens enjoy a wide variety of rights comprising fundamental constitutional, legal rights etc. Fundamental Rights embodied in part III of the constitution, guarantee to each citizen, and basic substantive and procedural protection against the state. But these rights remains on only the paperwork, it is not true that all rights given to the elders as well as children. Many issues related to the protection of all rights. Rights given by constitution vanished by society many times.

In the present study the researcher has attempted to study the effectiveness of methods used for modification of problem behaviour of mentally challenged children. The investigation was carried out on 15 mentally challenged children of Awwa Asha School, Ambala Cantt. The investigation was done by using Mehta et al s methods for modifications of problem behaviour in mentally challenged children. The findings of the study show that these method are very useful for mentally challenged children.

For developing CRM it is essential to know the use of technology and new trend for improving contact points. So, for find out the ways and means to establishment of CRM, the new trends like use of IT, e-detailing by using computerized system, tablets and use of Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) are need to be consider. Following paper focused on review of literature on new trends in pharmaceutical industry. This study will help to take further steps towards developing marketing strategy and CRM strategy in the pharmaceutical industry.

India accounts for more than 2% of the world’s premiums and 6% of the premiums originating in Asia. The country is the tenth biggest insurance market in the world and has the potential to grow exponentially in the coming years. While regulatory hurdles and dominant incumbents bring challenges to foreign companies looking to enter the Indian insurance market, low penetration and opportunities in the market make it quite lucrative. In 2011, the life premium volume for India was $60 billion, a little over 3% of the GDP. The GDP is expected to grow at an average rate of 4.7% through 2018, and we expect life insurance penetration to increase to around 4.6% by 2019. This would make India a $120 billion market.

Economic development is the main priority for any country. Economic development means a process of upward change that is whereby the real per capita income of a country increases over a period of time. Entrepreneurial talent existed in every country, the handicraft Entrepreneurial in India as old as human civilization itself. The village community was the centre of economic activity in India before it came into contact with the west. The village community consisted of farmers, artisans and priests.

The present study attempts that study habits among Arts & Science college students the sample is collected 100 students of Arts & Science. The Study clearly shows that science students are more required the habit of study habits then the Arts Students. Female required more study habits then the male.

The purpose of this note is to point out that composition of the agriculture growth has changed significantly. Changing composition is a reflection of the changing economic conditions, composition of demand, and evolving challenges faced by the vast majority of smallholders in India. To sustain pro poor growth in the sector, one has to take into account the possible future drivers of agricultural growth. It is therefore important to understand how policy induced adoption and greater area allocation to high value crops by marginal and small farmers, affect their household food and nutrition security in the long run.

In the present study, An attempt is made to find out the attitude of the Upper-Primary SchoolTeachersof Rural areas towards using ICT in Science Teaching. A sample of 50 Upper-Primary School Teachers of science subject, including 25 Teachers of Government/Non-Government schools and 25 Teachers of Private schools selected from Rural areas of Baldeo block, Mathura District,Uttar Pradesh. The researcher used Teacher‘s Attitude Scale towards using ICT in science teaching developed by himself for data collection.The present study revealed thatthere is no significant difference between Attitude of Upper-Primary School Teachers of Government/Non Governmentand Private schools of Rural areas towards Using ICT in Science Teaching due to difference in type of school.

English language is the most effective language of the world which connects two nations, two cultural and two human beings of the world. Moreover it is important to note that knowing English generate opportunity for one in building career in this global world which is full of challenges as well as opportunities. Among all other communication skills in English, Writing Skills plays a vital role in professional field. But it has been noticed in rural areas of India both at the school and college level, where the medium of instruction is mother tongue, the basic standard of learners general in English and specific in English Writing is not up to the mark. With a view to this fact, the research paper discusses a study on impact of visual aids in improving writing skills of ESL learners at primary level.

The genus Trichodermacomprises a great numberof fungal strains that act as biological control agents,the antagonistic properties of which are based n the activation of multiple mechanisms.Trichoderma strains exert biocontrol against fungal phytopathogens either directly, by competing for nutrients and space, modifying the environmental condition,or promoting plant growth and plant defensive mechanisms and antibiosis or directly by mechanisms such as mycoparasitism.In the present investigationinvitro antagonistic potential of the Trichoderma harzianum against Cercospora arachidicola and Aspergillus flavus were tested by dual culture method.

Chlorhexidine has bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic properties also it is used to reduce oral bacteria and dental plaque. Chlorhexidine gluconate present in gel formulations possesses antibacterial activity towards the organisms present in the dental plaque. Hence, it is a new alternative and cheaper formulation for the treatment of Periodontitis.

In modern democratic system, there became a great change in the structure of the elites. In a democratic system the legislator constitute the key elite of the society. ‘It is a small minority who plays an exceptionally important role in the political and socio-economic affairs of the state. Caste is one of the important factors in Indian politics. Normally the elites represent the high class or progressive group. Politics is related to the process of power partnership. So it becomes necessary to study the elite class. The theory of elites is important for understanding political structure and political process in any system. Who are the elites and how do they become elites, these are some of the important issues.

Innovation is one of the major factors to contribute to success and competitiveness on an SMES, as these enterprises are vital for a healthy and sustainable economy. Literature considers innovativeness as one of the most important agents through which such businesses contribute to economic development. This is an even more important issue for country such Romania, where SMEs is often faced with inadequate business infrastructure and lack of support for entrepreneurs. We also consider that the last years have been characterized by an increasingly dynamic, complex and unpredictable environment for businesses. Intense competition in the global market is compelling SMEs to leverage their capabilities and competencies in order to differentiate themselves in the marketplace, and improve their performance. In this paper, we explore the factors that drive innovation activities and change in SMEs in Romania, and compare it with findings from other studies.

Optimizing a company’s capital structure is critical to its ability to achieve near-and long-term growth objectives. The optimal capital structure should ensure companies retain sufficient capital levels during both good times and bad. Most of the companies have problems in creating and maintaining a structure that will be viable through multiple business cycles. For such an important and multi-faceted decision, it is useful to study and ascertain the factors that determine this composition. The literature offers competing theories, and empirical studies show diverse results. Hence, the topic still remains an active area of research. To capture the empirical practices with regard to determinants of capital structure in India, an important emerging market, we run OLS regression of six financial variables identified as potential explanatory variables to arrive at the capital structure of 357

Manju Kapur is eminent writer of 20th century. Custody (2011), her fifth novel is exceptional by proliferation and monetary alleviation. It is a story of custody of children and the Indian judicial system. Kapur encapsulates the lives of opulent, metropolitan middle – class Indians with their perturbing confidential matters, deteriorated relationships, their hankering for wealth, self- determination and tranquillity. Kapur evaluate the destitution of modern life as the story encircle around Raman and Shagun who are couple along with fascinating Ashok Khanna, Raman’s boss and Ishitha, divorcee who suffers with infertility. The novel presents the plight of wedlock, which is unimaginable. Custody consist the plot of metropolitan upper middle class family lives, which notwithstanding being wealthy are bankrupt in values and significance. Kapur utilizes the establishment of marriage in the Custody, explains the story of two wretched families by divorce. A sequence of altercation follows along with disagreements, intense conversation reveal the wicked side of divorce.

The study is wholly represented by SHGs as the study aims to find out use of e-business tools for entrepreneurial ventures. E-business transactions have become speeded up and are more cost effective. E-business will help in strengthening the venture and also provide moral support and ensure spreading of economic development of SHGs. This study consists of 100 SHGs in the Madurai district of Tamilnadu. A well-designed questionnaire is administered and presented to collect the data from the respondents. Questionnaire consists of four sections, the first section deals with personal profile, second section contains purpose behind in the use of e-business tools, third section covers the barriers to use e-business tools, and fourth section enlists the challenges in the use of e-business applications. Percentage analysis, weighted mean score, mean score and chi-square test has been used to analyze the data collected. In conclusion, this study reveals that e-business has a positive impact on their development.

In the recent years, E-governance is a new technology used to move towards the existing approaches in Civic administration, e-governance is a way of representation of government services and information to the citizen through web enabled. This new technology bringing out an uprising the excellence of government services distributed to the citizens. The most important delivery models of e-government can be classified as Government-to-citizens or Government-to-consumer (G2C),Government-to-Business(G2B), Government-to-Government (G2G),Government-to-Employees(G2E), Government-to-Religious movements(G2R),Government-to-Households(2GH).

E-teachers provide instruction through computers and the Internet. Explore the duties, education requirements, employment outlook and salary to see if you want to become an e-teacher . Eteachers may work as part of a formal institution , lik e a universit y,community college, or high school, or they may work on a more informal basis. Common duties of e-teachers include creating, revising and updating curricula; creating, distributing and grading assignments

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) has been praised for its achievements in generating considerable amount of employ- ment, arresting migration and reducing hunger, despite the usual problems of corruption and red-tapism. However, as the title of the scheme it suggests.

Computer graphics is concerned with all aspects of producing pictures or images using a computer. The field began humbly almost 50 years ago, with a display of a few lines on a cathode-ray tube(CRT); now, we can create images by computer that are indistinguishable from photo graphs of real objects.

Distance education is a branch of education where teachers and students are separated in terms of place and time. The concept of distance and open learning system focuses on open access to education and training to make the learners free from constrains of time and place, and offering flexible learning opportunities to individuals and groups of learners. Open and Distance learning is one of the most rapidly growing fields of education now a days and it has substantial impact on all education delivery systems. The new open and distance learning system growing fast because of the development of Internet-based information technology and in particular the World Wide Web. Now a day’s distance education is very popular in India as reflected in the number of Open Universities and dual mode distance teaching institutions in the country. Various efforts have been made to overcome the problem of illiteracy throughout the world, particularly in the developing countries. But none of these had valuable results.

Mulk Raj Anand is a celebrated Indo-Anglian novelist with a global recognition.The world Mulk Raj Anand,knew best was the micro cosm of the outcast and peasants and soldiers and working people. One of the major concerns of Anand is to highlight the cause of the deserted ,marginalized, oppressed and have-nots.My aim in this paper is to show how the heroes,the Gods of loss ,the Gods of small things of Anand struggle for existence in heartless caste-ridden Hindu socities where worshipped gods of the Hindu Ttemple are distressingly helpless to show them the right path for their survival as human being.

Today’s modern library is a transitional institution that rapidly melds new with old. The greatest shift is from paper materials to electronic databases. Computerised networks speed the transformation. This paper discussed about hybrid library concepts; its technology and need advantage in the modern era because can provide a "one stop shop" for both hard copy and electronic resources. Its information systems should provide the end user with as eagle’s interface that will allow them to locate paper books and journals held locally and at neighboring sites at the same time as being able to find relevant online resources, electronic publications and digitized material.

The political participation of women and ultimately their political empowerment have gained lot of prominence after the enactment of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992. This land-mark Act made a historical beginning in the direction of political empowerment of women by providing them with 33.33 per cent of reservations in the political offices in the local bodies, both rural and urban. This article try to find out the Political Knowledge and awareness of women representatives of the Panchayati Raj in Guntur District and it would provide some of the suggestions to improve the knowledge levels of the respondents.

The Textile Industry in India traditionally after agriculture is the only industry that has generated huge employment generating sector in India. It offers direct employment to over 35 million in the country. The share of textiles in total exports was 11.04% during April-July 2010 as per the Ministry of Textiles. During 2009-2010 Indian textiles industry was pegged at US55 billion, 64% of which services domestic demand. In 2010 there were 2500 textile weaving factories and 4,135 textile finishing factories in all of India. Official website of Textile in India.

Merchant banking services strengthen the economic development of a country as they acts as sources of funds and information for corporations. Considering the way the Indian economy is growing, the role of merchant banking services in India is indispensable. These financial institutes also act as corporate advisory bodies to help corporations rightly get involved in various financial activities. The need of merchant banking services in India arises from the fact that high level industrialization is taking place in the country. The present paper involving brief introduction about Merchant banking activities in India.

This paper is attempted to study the problems and prospects of coconut cultivation in Erode district of Tamilnadu. Farmers who grow coconut are deeply attached to the various products and services of the coconut palm. It is recognized that formal coconut research has been a recent and under-resourced effort in relation to the distribution and value of the crop, and the complexity of coconut crop improvement (Persley 1992). Coconut is the most popular palm grown in about 90 countries of the world occupying about 10 million hectares of land and producing nearly 42 billion of nuts per year . In India there is 1.514 million hectares of land under coconut from where 9.7 billion nuts are produced annually. The present study covers the socio-economic characteristics of the sample respondents of Erode district in Tamil Nadu and to analyse the production and marketing problems of coconut cultivators in the study area. The study is descriptive and primary data were used for collection of information. This paper addresses the problems faced by both small as well as large farmers while cultivating and marketing coconut in Erode district.

To understand precisely the nature of happiness, a brief discussion of the Buddhist analysis of feeling is necessary. Feeling (vedana) is a mental factor present in all types of consciousness, a universal concomitant of experience. It has the characteristic of being felt, the function of experiencing, and as manifestation the gratification of the mental factors. It is invariably said to be born of contact (phassa), which is the coming together (sangati) of a sense object, a sense faculty, and the appropriate type of consciousness. When these three coalesce consciousness makes contact with the object. It experiences the affective quality of the object, and from this experience a feeling arises keyed to the object’s affective quality.

Major Risks in Software Engineering can broadly be classified as Requirements risks, Cost risks, Scheduling risks , Quality risks and Business risks. Among these Cost risks play a vital role in Software Engineering. Many traditional tools are existing to assess Cost risks in a scientific manner after or during execution of projects but these Cost risks can be assessed approximately by using Conditional Probability Concepts , before execution of the project , which yield nearer results around the neighbourhood of the actual calculated values. Thus costs can be assessed a priori in order to minimize the losses . This method works as a blue print to the entire project in terms of costs.

The importance of the family in making and molding an individual on the one hand, and influencing social groups and patterns on the other, has been recognized by social scientists. The present study focuses on individual level changes affected by the modifications that are taking place in the family under rapid on-going socio-cultural changes in contemporary Indian society. A sample was taken from the Allahabad City. Total 360 participants from Gulbarga City (240 parents and 120 children) were included in this study. The age of the parents was ranging 35-45 years with mean age of (44.62) and minimum graduation level of education and children of age group from 15-17 years. The results show the family structure does not effect on parents and children social value in the family. There is no significant differences were found between parents and children social value in joint families.

The present investigation was meant to study the influence of scientific attitude on test anxiety of viii std. students. The study comprised 200 students from three different types of schools of Tumkur City. The tools used for data collection were scientific attitude scale by Avinash grewal and test anxiety scale by L.N.K.Simha. The obtained data were analysed by using pearson product moment correlation and by using student‘t’ test .The results revealed that a significant positive influence of scientific attitude on test anxiety of 8th std. students of Tumkur City and significant difference was found between high, moderate and low level scientific attitude students with respect to their test anxiety.

Air conditioner is the primary accessory of a passenger car which is used to maintain the vehicle cabin temperature and humidity at comfortable levels for a passenger. But this system consumes a lot of power and negatively affects the fuel efficiency of a car. Depleting natural oil resources, increasing oil prices and environment pollution increases the awareness about the need to use renewable sources. In past years, lot of efforts are being spent towards the application of solar energy to electric and hybrid cars, but a limited work is done on particularly air conditioning case.

What is the destination of human life? It is fixed by our own vision, Once it is fixed by us it is called mission. Every person faces many difficulties and thousands of problems with great courage for fulfilment of the mission, even at the cost of his life. The highest goal of life is spiritual purification and self-knowledge. Now-a-days life is mostly materialistic. If we think of sense-objects, it will attach you to sense-objects. If you grow attached you become addicted. Thwart your addiction, it turns to anger, be angry and you confuse your mind. Confuse your mind, you forget the lesson of experience, forget experience you lose discrimination, lose discrimination and you miss life’s purpose. (Bhagavad Gita II 62,63,65)

Ministerial accountability is regarded as the only way of ensuring effective Parliamentary control. This responsibility may be individual or collective, according to whether a single minister or the entire cabinet is implicated. As it is rare for an action performed by a minister not to be linked to general policy, ministerial accountability is usually a collective matter. If Parliament expresses a lack of confidence in one of the ministers,the Prime Minister had to decide whether the entire Government should resign on the principles of ministerial solidarity and collective responsibility or whether the resignation of the minister in question is enough.

Pollutants given off by various industries and factories are often considered to be one of the prime factors contributing to air, water and soil pollution. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), it has been estimated that industrial pollution is responsible for almost 50 percent of the pollution present in the United States. There are various wide­ranging effects, as well as serious consequences, of industrial pollution on the ecological balance of the atmosphere.

Emotional Intelligence is a very recently described form of Intelligence. It is the capacity for recognizing one’s own feelings and those of others. It is motivating, guiding, regulating and fine-tuning one’s own and other’s feelings to express them appropriately and effectively. It enables people to work smoothly together towards their common goals. Salovey and Mayer (1993) described EI as the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions, so as to assist and generate thought, to understand emotions and emotional meanings, and to effectively regulate emotions in ways that promote emotional and intellectual growth. According to Daniel Goleman (1996), EI is the capacity for recognizing own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves and for managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationships.

The present study was conducted on 120 high school adolescents (15-18 years). The main aim of the study was to explore the food preferences and dietary intake of high school students studying in an established private school in an urban set up. Majority of the respondents (70%) were in the age group of 15-16 years and out of the total 86.66 per cent were Hindus. Half of the respondents were pure vegetarians. All the respondents (100%) reportedly skipped meals often. The given reason for skipping meals by 50 per cent of the respondents was that they had no taste for homemade food.

The use of a diversion domain for critical thinking as a feature of the idea of three-fold, hypothesis recreation test research centre, enhanced with cutting edge portable remote innovation parts for data access, is the centre of the exploration reported in this paper. The asset outline is being spurred by the objective of consolidating both propelled gaming and interchanges foundation to understand a novel multilevel instructive experience. The paper shows how skill in two key innovation fields – gaming and information transfers – is consolidated and coordinated with control ability and sound instructional method for instructive substance era, and by this implies, how new pathways in the characteristic learning and experience-picking up procedure may be made.

his paper compares two different predictive data-mining techniques (one linear technique, Partial Least Squares (PLS) and one nonlinear technique(NLPLS)) on two different and unique data sets: a collinear data set (called "the COL" data set in this paper) and a simulated data set (called "the Simulated" data in this paper). These data are unique, having a combination of the following characteristics: few predictor variables, many predictor variables, highly collinear variables, very redundant variables and presence of outliers. The natures of these data sets are explored and their unique qualities defined. This is called data pre-processing and preparation. To a large extent, this data processing helps the miner/analyst to make a choice of the predictive technique to apply. The big problem is how to reduce these variables to a minimal number that can completely predict the response variable.

Mohammad Hafiz Ibrahim ( 1870-1932) was a traditional neo-classical poet, finally crafted verse with some innovation, his poetry seems to have particularly appeal the Egyptian populace because of its ironic commentary on political and social problems of his era, he was well known both for the wistful and melancholy , strongly criticize of social injustice as stylist with full control over his art. The quality of his writings are highly resonant rhyme, strength of style, well chosen diction, the time honoured, classical ways of expressing emotions, the description of erotic adventures, depicting the character of the lamented person, pure poetic music and clear image of themes.

Biometrics is an evolving technology which is used in various fields like forensics, secured area and security system. A biometric system is a computer system. It takes the base for the pattern recognition systems that recognise a person with authentication by using different features such as Fingerprint, Retinal Scan, Iris scan, Hand geometry and Face recognition. A typical biometric system consists of sensing, feature extraction, and matching modules. These are used in various applications like ATM, cellular phones, secure access to a building. Biometrics are designed to enhance the security and reduce vulnerability. In this paper different biometrics techniques such as Fingerprint, Iris Scan, Retinal Scan, Face Recognition, Hand Geometry, Voice and Signature are available to implement a biometric system and we also discuss how the multi biometric system is secure than uni-biomertic system.

As per the provisions of Indian Constitution, females are equally participating in higher education. As such, the enrolment statistics at state level and national level revealed that there is increase in female participation in higher education.

A religious symbol is an iconic representation intended to represent a specific religion, or a specific education within a given religion. The Religion Facts and Religious Symbols Guide is an illustrated guide to just about every visual religious symbol under the sun. Religious symbolism is the use of symbols, including archetypes, acts, artwork, events, or natural phenomena, by a religion. Religions view religious texts, rituals, and works of art as symbols of compelling ideas or ideals. Symbols help create a resonant mythos expressing the moral values of the society or the teachings of the religion, foster solidarity among adherents, and bring adherents closer to their object of worship. The study of religious symbolism is either Universalist, as a component of comparative religion and mythology, or in localized scope, within the confines of a religions limits and boundaries.

Education is the backbone of the contemporary guild. It has the power to renovate human beings into human resources. Along with primary and secondary education, higher education is also an pedagogy to build forthcoming generation. In India majority of the academic establishments are urban centric. And most of the institutions located in rural area lack eminence. Even most of the higher educational institutions in rural India lack quality. As an outcome of that rural population are depressed. Under certain circumstances it is seen that gross enrolment ratio is extremely poor in these rural areas. The situation is even worse for female population in regard to gross enrolment ratio. This paper explores the status of women education in rural India.

The present study attempts to measure the influence of social intelligence among Arts and Science . The sample was restricted 80 (N=80) selected randomly from various colleges from rural and urban background the data has been collected P.U. College Gulbarga. The data subjected to statistical analysis like T-test results clearly indicates that, responding of females are more social intelligence than the males.

Todays classrooms are much more complicated than in years past. Classroom management approach is needed for every teacher to maintain the students in positive way. This study focus on, what should be classroom management during the classroom interaction. Classroom management is an essential skill, that can make the journey of learning and teaching more successful for both students and teachers. A classroom is that place, where gathered diverse population of students with different cultural and social behaviors and different emotional pressure in their lives. Due to these factors, the classroom environment become disorderly and chaotic. Effective classroom management would help bring order and productive learning back into the classroom.

The Study seeks to explain the impact of Emotional Intelligence on Job Stress among secondary school teachers. The sample of the present investigation is drawn from Govt. and Private Schools of Jammu Province by making use of simple random sampling technique and comprised of 600 teachers (300 male and 300 Female). Emotional intelligence inventory developed and validated by Dr. (Mrs.) Shubra Mangal and Job Stressors Scale developed and validated by Dr. (Mrs.) Meena Buddhisagar Rathod and Dr. Madhulika Verma was used in the study. Data analysis involved the use of three way analysis of variance to investigate the impact of emotional intelligence on job stress.

This study is an attempt to analyse the impact of Emotional Intelli- gence on teacher effectiveness of secondary school teachers. The sample of the present investigation was drawn randomly from Govt. and Private schools of Jammu province and comprised of 600 teachers (300 Male and 300 Female). Emotional Intelligence inventory developed and validated by Dr. (Mrs.) Shubra Mangal and Teacher Effectiveness Scale (TES) developed and validated by Promodh Kumar and D.N. Mutha was used in the study. Three way analysis of variance (2x2x2) was used to test proposed hypotheses. The results revealed that, emotional intelligence and teacher effectiveness are dependent on each other and there is impact of emotional intelligence on teacher effectiveness of secondary school teachers.

"Then He sent them to proclaim the kingdom of God to heal the sick” Mission often involve sending individuals and groups, called "missionaries," to foreign countries and to places in their homeland for the purpose of proselytism (conversion to Christianity, or from one Christian tradition to another). This involves evangelism (preaching a set of beliefs for the purpose of conversion), and humanitarian work, especially among the poor and disadvantaged. There are a few different kinds of mission trips: short-term, long-term, relational and ones meant simply for helping people in need. Some might choose to dedicate their whole lives to missions as well.

This paper attempts to summarize the various rebuilding components, with an emphasis on housing, and some of the many features of the project. The aftershock sequence of the September 30th, 1993 Killari earthquake in the Latur district of Maharashtra state, India, recorded by 41 temporary seismograph stations. The local earthquake tomography (LET) method of Thurber (1983) is used. About 1500 P and 1200 S wave travel-times are inverted. This paper provides an overview of the large, comprehensive analysis program initiated by the Government of Maharashtra, shocking earthquake in 1993. The program had as its primary objective the relocation of the 52 most affected villages (over 27,000 houses) and the repair and strengthening of another approximately 200,000 houses scattered over 40,000 square kilometers. This very complex rebuilding program has been described in detail in several other reports and is the subject of additional papers.

Each country faces exclusive challenges and opportunities, the capacity and variety of the Indian knowledge provides insights and caveats for many low-income nations. Huge numbers of households in cities around the increasing world do not have access to one of the most basic of human needs a safe and dependable supply of drinking water. This paper uses the experience of India as a lens view prospective instruction of urban water contributes and the various options available for reform. I will use data from the National Family Health Survey, as well as published and unpublished secondary sources. the paper presents the prospective instruction of urban water contribute drinking water in urban India, the performance of India’s urban water sector as compared to other Asian metropolitan regions, and the reform efforts that are under way in several Indian cities.

The issue of the status of women in society has been a matter of intense scrutiny and debate all over the world. They have lived as isolated entities for centuries, largely upraised by the male-dominated society around them. This seclusion has been responsible for the slower growth, dissimilar pattern of their socio-economic status and inability to negotiate and cope with the consequences of their involuntary integration with the man-centered society and economy. The status of Indian women has undergone change with more and more women, particularly in urban Indian becoming economically independent. This has made them more practical in various occupations. But the question of gender inequality is still the main concern in India as majority of the rural Indian women remain uneducated or less educated and also economically dependent on their male family members. They are very poor and victims of domestic and social violence.

Internal migration is the phenomenon that describes the movement of people from their villages to urban areas, usually in search of a better livelihood. Internal migration is of two types, temporary migration or permanent migration. Temporary migration, often used interchangeably with circular, seasonal, short-term and spontaneous migration, has been a subject of much discourse. According to Zelinsky (1971), all these movements, usually short-term, repetitive or cyclic, having the common motive of a temporary change of residence, are circular in nature. Circular migrants follow a circular path and maintain continuous but temporary absences from their place of origin for more than one day (Hugo 1982).

The recent emergence of cloud computing has drastically altered everyone’s perception of infrastruc ture architectures, software delive ry and development models. Projecting as an evolutionary step, following the transition from mainframe computers to client/ server deployment models, cloud computing encompasses elements from grid computing, utility computing and autonomic comput ing, into an innovative deployment architecture. This rapid transition towards the clouds, has fuelled concerns on a critical issue for the success of information systems, communication and information security. From a security perspective, a number of unchartered risks and challenges have been introduced from this relocation to the clouds, deteriorating much of the effectiveness of traditional protection mechanisms.

Before liberalization, India’s approach towards Foreign Direct Investment as an instrument of growth and development was rigid and restrictive. Things, however, changed in the post liberalization period. Since post liberalization period, India has observed a major retail boom due to changes in the income levels, lifestyles, taste & habits of consumers. The increased demand for superior quality and branded products has given a boost to Indian retail sector in recent years. Until 2011, India denied Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail. Even single-brand retail was limited to 51% ownership and a bureaucratic process.

Banking occupies one of the most important positions in the modern economic world. It is necessary for trade and industry. It has been in existence in different forms. However, in recent few years, it has emerged as an important segment of Bank’s portfolio. There are host of factor that compelled Indian banks to shift focus from class baking to mass and retail banking in the recent past. Banks need to adopt strategies like product innovation, high quality service, speed of delivery, etc. Banking is the financial function which plays an important role not only for the particular individual but also for the overall economy.

Industrial sector is a pressing need of developing countries like India. Because of scarcity of capital, underutilization of natural resources, population explosion, under developed infrastructural facilities, low level of technology, political instability, excessive dependence on agriculture, excessive dependence on imports and social attitude the growth is very slow. An effective development policy is to be farmed to attempt to increase the use of labour, relative to capital to the extent that it is economically efficient. Industrial development is possible by providing adequate infrastructure and other facilities. It may also be necessary to have well conceived programme of industrial development appropriate to situations.

Present paper throws light on the trends of urban population growth in Dhule district. Urban population growth is vital important to understanding its dynamics as well as for the urban planning. As per the 2011 census total population of the district is 2048781. The decadal urban population growth during last 60 population years is considered for the present study. The study clearly indicates that there is decreasing trend in urban population growth from 1981.

Identifying and solving transportation problems is one of the chief tasks confronting governments in developing countries like India. Despite large expenditures on transport system, the current transportation problems in developing nations continue to worsen because of bad planning, lack of governance, and corruption. Therefore, developing countries like India have a major crisis on their hands. Transport problems in India are mostly managed by building larger and better roads, but building roads is not the solution. Road projects need to be part of an over-all transportation plan that includes traffic management and bigger and better transit systems and public transport. The principles of sustainable transport encourage utilization of low cost public transport capable of performing well in mixed land use and densely–populated India cities.