Background: Parents having autistic and mentally retarded children experience periods of poor quality of life, disbelief, deep sadness, depression and family burden. Family members of children with autism and mentally retardation are often perceived to experience negative psycho-social effects which leads to family burden as well as their quality of life also affected. Aims & Objectives: To Assess and Compare the Family Burden & Quality of Life among the parents having children with Autism and Mental Retardation. Method: 60 Parents (30 Parents having children with Autism & 30 Parents having children with Mental Retardation) have been included purposively as sample of study. Semi- Structured Socio Demographic datasheet was used to collect the relevant socio demographic information followed by Family Burden Schedule and WHO Quality of Life- Bref.

In this paper an attempt has been made to study the growth and level of urbanization in Maharashtra from the year 1961 to 2011. The secondary data is used for the present study. The district has been taken as a unit for analysis. Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban and Thane districts are highly urbanized in the study region. There are ample job opportunities in mega cities therefore village people frequently migrate to the cities therefore in future also urbanization will be continues in such cities. Especially Pune, Nagpur, Nashik and Aurangabad have potential to absorb the population in future. But proper planning is important. Without the right design and planning it is highly impossible to minimize the burden of urban centers on mega cities, otherwise it creates enormous stress on the local system.

The Third Generation Human Rights is called collective rights. Third Generation human rights including Right to Clear Air, Right to Clean Water and Clean Environment Protection Right to development and protection the Wild Life animal bird Forest. Plants and Duties of wild life Advisory Board, prohibition of picking up rooting etc.

The Third Generation Human Rights is called collective rights. Third Generation human rights including Right to Clear Air, Right to Clean Water and Clean Environment Protection Right to development and protection the Wild Life animal bird Forest. Plants and Duties of wild life Advisory Board, prohibition of picking up rooting etc.

This paper will highlight the benefits for professional athletes through the practice of Yoga and explore how Yoga can significantly enhance their performance. Yoga Exercises can help athletes in preventing injuries and improving their strength and flexibility. In this section, learn more about the benefits of Yoga to people who are into sports. Yoga is able to help a person have control over their body through control of their mind. As such, Yoga can play a key role in cultivating mind control and concentration which helps a sportsperson to perform at their peak level, in general Sports is an integral part of our history, on one hand, serving as a barometer of human progress, sports give the entire world an opportunity to mingle together, exchange values and improve relationships.

In the early years of new millennium, the US President Mr. George W. Bush Jr. started to question the rationality of shelving the nuclear power programme, which took place some twenty or more years ago. Public acceptance was seriously eroded following the ‘Three Mile Island and Chernobyl’ accidents. During the past two decades, the 400 plus nuclear power units, in different countries of the world, are operating safely and producing power economically. Although new nuclear plant construction has not been recommended in the US, the George W. Bush Jr. administration actively encouraged the development of new advanced reactor system.

Teacher education is a core part of education system and it is established fact that if we want to bring quality in education it is must to bring quality in teacher trainee programme. All the activities carried as a training part of teacher training are important, but off campus has its own value. Now a day, off-campus is facing problem for its existence. Keep in mind this thing, some issues regarding off campus programme are discussed in this paper. Moreover, some remedies also suggested. It can be a helpful step to solve some problems in the field of practicum in TE.

UN Conference on Environment Development 1992 laid emphasis on environmental indicators for sustainable development. Land management is very much essential for sustainable development because of Functions of Land such as-1. Production Function, 2. Space function for socio-economic and infrastructural development, 3. Human settlement space function, 4. Biotic environmental function. 5. Climate regulative function 6. Hydrologic function 7. Waste and pollution control function 8. Storage function 9. Archive or heritage function. In the present study I have tried to categories the land for assessing the quality of land in Bankura District. To develop appropriate mapping and land quality assessment GIS-based techniques are used.

Dropout from school hinders development as it makes human potentialities unexplored. This creates all round backwardness. Muslim communities are more backward particularly in Murshidabad district, W.B, where the dropout rate is high. Parental decision to dropout their wards from primary education does not depend upon gender, but depend upon their economic status. Poverty influences the parents to withdraw their wards from school.

Job satisfaction among school teachers has been considered as a vital factor for the improvement of the education system and thus has got an unshakeable place in educational researches. Satisfaction is a psychological phenomenon and its concept is highly intricate and subjective. Job satisfaction describes how content an individual with his or her job. It expresses the extent of match between the employees’ expectations from the job and the rewards that the job provides. Teacher’s job satisfaction is one of the key factors in school dynamics and is generally considered as a primary dependent variable in terms of which effectiveness of the school is evaluated. For successful implementation of RMSA and for providing quality secondary education in the country the role of secondary school teachers is important. The well-adjusted and satisfied secondary school teacher can contribute a lot to the wellbeing of his/ her pupils.

Indian agriculture was in a depressed and deplorable condition. Farmers were in heavy debt to the professional money lenders and Commercial banks. Most of the farmers in India to cultivation by lending’s. But these crops were damaged with natural disasters like floods and droughts. Due to this situation farmers need crop insurance for self sustaining. Crop insurance means it is an insurance arrangement aiming at mitigating the financial losses suffered by the farmers due to damage and destruction of their crops as a result of various production risks. Crop insurance has been arranged various institutions like Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme (CCIS), National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and etc. National Agricultural Insurance Scheme is a good step far ward to insure risk of millions of farmers whose livelihood depends on the pattern and distribution of monsoon rain in India. The main Objectives of this study are to estimate the Trends in the growth of insured number of farmers and insured area under the two seasons during 2003-04 to 2013-14 and to assess the importance of National Agricultural Insurance Scheme in India.

Vipassana is one of the ancient techniques of meditation which means nearby and realizes the truth. It is non-scientific technique of self-observation which leads to progressive improved insight and positive quality of life. The goal of this research is to study the effectiveness of Vipassana meditation on quality of life. In the study 120 student participants were selected. The experimental group was given One month Vipassana meditation course. The effect of intervention is studied by comparing with control group in pre-post test phases. For analysis of data the GLM-Repeated measures of ANOVA was used. Findings indicate that Vipassana meditation enhanced the level of quality of life.

Errors in variables and errors in equations, particularly autocorrelated disturbances, are two major problems in general linear model. In the presence of both the problems a linear transformation of the Generalized Least Squares estimator is proposed as an estimator of the parameter vector of the original model and it is shown that this estimator is unbiased and consistent under certain assumptions.

Today we are living in digital age, or now we are living in techno age. In Six month there is new invention in all the technical things. When we expert in one technology there is new and added techniques for that there is challenge for everyone who faces technology. When we compare with library there is also new challenges for library services. In some extent we see that Library Automation and E-Security are the new advanced things. For Librarian he should manage all the things. In Academic libraries most of the Librarian facing problem of management. When we evaluate work there are various parameters and test to solve problem. Management is the art of getting things done by a group of people with the effective utilization of available resources. An introduction cannot be treated as a managing body running any organization. A minimum of two persons are essential to form a management. These persons perform the function in order to achieve the objectives of an organization. Def: Peter Drucker, :-“Management is an organ, organs can be described and defined only through their functions.”

Culture is the synthetic study of various aspects of the human beings. According to Enesco. Culture is usually interpreted as art. We speak of culture in connection with behaviour of people in the moral values and human relations. We denote it by action, behaviour and attitudes considered useful for the interests of society or of the certain social group. Social anthropologists distinguish between “material” and “non material cultures”. The former including technology, art forms, architecture, material goods and equipments used in daily life in household agricultures, trade, commerce, welfare and other social activities. In the later and intellectual traditions. In Broad sense, than culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other as a member of society. The basic elements of culture are values, norms, symbols, folklore, religious and ideas. Culture has three dimensions. First it is a normative system by which there is social control. In this forms of sanctions which make people follow generally accepted moral ethical norms secondly there is a expressive system music, dance, art, literature and so on are the cultural expressions of people.

Regional imbalances in Karnataka have always been studied by dividing the state into North Karnataka and South Karnataka. In North again two parts can been seen, namely, Hyderabad Karnataka and Bombay Karnataka regions. To reduce the regional imbalances Karnataka Government has taken various steps like setting up Hyderabad Karnataka Area Development Board, Bayaluseeme Development Board, Border Area Development Progamme, Malanad Area Development Board and so on. Government had also appointed a high power committee for redressal of regional imbalances under the chairmanship of Prof. D. M. Nanjundappa during 2002-03.

Regional imbalances in Karnataka have always been studied by dividing the state into North Karnataka and South Karnataka. In North again two parts can been seen, namely, Hyderabad Karnataka and Bombay Karnataka regions. To reduce the regional imbalances Karnataka Government has taken various steps like setting up Hyderabad Karnataka Area Development Board, Bayaluseeme Development Board, Border Area Development Progamme, Malanad Area Development Board and so on. Government had also appointed a high power committee for redressal of regional imbalances under the chairmanship of Prof. D. M. Nanjundappa during 2002-03.

he aim of the present study was to compare the sensation seeking trait of north zone and east zone badminton players. The total 150 (75 north zone badminton players and 75 east zone badminton players) males were selected for this study. The age of the subjects were ranged between 18 to 25 years. The data on sensation seeking of the subjects were measure by using a questionnaire developed by Neary and Zuckerman (1976). The t test was used to determine the difference between the mean score of badminton players. Results revealed that there was a significant difference between north and east zone badminton players at 0.05 level of significance with 148 degree of freedom.

The term “sustainable development” is defined as development to achieve the needs of present generation without compromising future generation’s needs, while we are misusing the resources in a very vital manner, which is not good for the present generation and as well as to the future generation. ‘Future Generations’ is mainly related to the geographical and environmental problems of resource consumption and pollution and their distribution over long time terms in developing countries like India .In this paper we focus on strategies for sustainable development which are necessary for survival of and our present generation as well as coming generation. And also concentrate on how to improve the quality of life of both current and future generations, while safeguarding the earth’s capacity to support life in all its diversity.

Employees being the indispensable component of the production do play a pivotal role in an organization. They are in fact, the backbone of the industry and the growth and decline of an organization depends upon the level of motivation,morale, incentives, benefits, training and their retaining practices. The present paper will focus onthe importance of retaining and managing of employees through different method and techniques. Apart from this, the crucial role of HR managers in talent management is also discussed.

Hydro Power is considered as one of the cleanest source of energy, which contributes significantly in the economic well being of the people and industry. Our country is tapping these hydro resources in order to get the electricity and so is the state of Himachal Pradesh. There are various Public and Private sector corporations and individuals working in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in India. There are certain advantages and disadvantages associated with these power producers. On the one hand these individuals and organizations are providing energy to the people and giving employment to hundreds of thousand people in various stages, on the other they are displacing the people, shrinking agricultural lands, submerging the historical monuments and sites and causing climatic and ecological imbalances. They should not limit their role to make profit only but also to redress the issues of the people by way of corporate social responsiveness. Besides producing hydro-electricity, these projects may also provide other services, such as flood control, water supply, irrigation, and river navigability .

This paper reviews the role of Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP)andIntegrated Wasteland Development Programme (IWDP) in reclamation and development of wastelands in Birbhum District and brings out the achievement-failure scenario and also tries to streamline some better initiatives to revive the programmes. The review explores that there is substantial gap between target and achievement of both the programmes and both physical and financial performances have not achieved satisfactory level. The result also reveals that the activity-wise performance is not so good and it is also evident that activity-wise achievement is slightly higher in the DPAP than the IWDP though IWDP is a wasteland specific programme. These are mainly caused by lack of proper management, coordination and technological upgradation, fund releasing complexity and lack of people’s participation etc.

Modern contemporary literature is replete with alienated and estranged beings. It mirrors the general disillusionment and spiritual barrenness felt by man in a world that seems bizarre and unfathomable to him. This sense of alienation and unbelongingness however, gets even more pronounced in diasporic writings. The present paper is an attempt to tease out and present a kaleidoscopic view of one’s origin, which gets unrelentingly represented as “identity” in terms of a variety of categories like one’s language, class, race, gender and sexuality in two most celebrated works of diasporic experience, The In-Between World of Vikram Lall by M G Vassanji and Half a Life by V S Naipaul. The paper aims to explore the rootlessness, angst, dilemma, alienation, the heart wrenching queries about origin, colonization, the resultant expatriate experience, and its effect on their identity, culture, history and overall existence. This study will throw light on how in the present day world, the expatriate has become the modern wandering Jew, vacillating between two worlds, “one dead the other powerless to be born”, hankering from place to place in order to settle down for some identity and find some place that they could finally call ‘home’.

Background:Marital adjustment calls for maturity that accepts and understands growth and development in the spouse. If this growth is not experienced and realized fully, death in marital relationship is inevitable. A relationship between couples is not instantaneous rather a slow progress. Quality of life means the degree of need satisfaction with physical, psychological, social material and structural areas of life. Schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder are the most disabling mental illness which has long been the focus of medical, scientific and social attention and most people with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder who live with their families remain significantly disabled by their illness, while they suffer ongoing distress. People with schizophrenia suffer distress, reduced productivity and lowered quality of life.Aim: To assess and compare marital adjustment and quality of life among spouses of persons with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Methods: The sample will be consisting of 80 spouses of persons with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (40 schizophrenia and 40 BPAD) will be selected from RINPAS, OPD by using purposive sampling method.

Today there is dramatic innovation in the information & technology and there are many competitive conditions, but still the customer is the basic cause for existence of any business. Meeting the needs of those customers more effectively than competitors is the key to continued profitable existence for many businesses. The main purpose of the study is to identify how perception influences on the purchase. The researcher explores the research findings of consumer perception and preference for Kota stones as building material for flooring purpose. The data collected from the 100 respondents have been analyzed in connection with personal information collected for research purpose. Building material is any material which is used for construction purposes. Building materials have an important role to play in this modern age of technology. Although their most important use is in construction activities, no field of engineering is conceivable without their use. Another factor is the economic aspect of the choice of materials. The rapid advance of constructional methods, the increasing introduction of mechanical tools and plants, and changes in the organisation of the building industry may appreciably influence the choice of materials.

The National Cadet Corps (NCC) came into existence in 1948 by an Act of Parliament, as a result of the recommendations of the Pandit H. N. Kunzru Committee. The NCC has a four tier administration. The Directorate General NCC is at New Delhi, directly administered through the Ministry of Defense. NCC is a voluntary organisation having three Divisions viz. the Senior Division, Junior Division and the Girls’ Division. Since the organisational structure of NCC is closely associated with the educational system of our country, the backbone of the organisation are young men and women of schools & colleges and Associate NCC Officers (ANO) who are on the teaching roll in schools and colleges.

The present paper deals with three species of Mitosporic fungi vizPleiochaeta setosa (Kirchn.) HughesRetiarius bovicornutus Olivier, Subulispora procurvata Tubaki, Conidia of these fungi were encountered in foam samples from freshwater habitats. All of these are being recorded as addition to the fungi of Maharashtra state (India). The data provides information on the distribution of these fungi in India, apart from description and illustrations.

Retirement days are the actual ‘golden days’ in living human’s life. While completing all the basic responsibilities of life a being ‘Karta’ of the family as families responsibility, marriage, children education and their marriage, dream of own independent house, creating own corpus to be used for the contingency and the health problems that may prevail in the old age, now this is the right time to spend the remaining days in peace and calm. Pension plays a vital role when you are retired from all your responsibilities and your work. The researcher to identify how many of the respondents have actually gone with pension plans and knows about the awareness of pension policy’s terms, conditions, features advantages and benefits.

The aim of the present paper was to examine the role of the IGNOU in women empowerment. This study examined the post-certification achievement of the female learners - from both individual and social perspectives. The respondents for this study have been selected by using accidental method from the female learners who were completed course from Pune Study Centre. The 50 learners from the Pune Center were sampled to analyse the changes in the achieved social and academic aspects of female learners at IGNOU. The findings of the study are based on surveys and interviews with 50 respondents, and the findings confirmed that the IGNOU ODL system has really - though in different ways - benefited these women who have engaged and completed the various programme at IGNOU.

Gastropod molluscs are represented by chank, top shells, turbo shell and a variety of ornamental species contribute to the marine fisheries . The present investigation is an attempt to assess the diversity of gastropods and their utilization in Tuticorin coast. In the present study 37 species of gastropods belong to 21 families, including 12 edible species were recorded. The gastropods species Xancus pyrum, Babylonia spirata, Babylonia zeylanica, Chicoreus ramosus, Chicoreus virgineus, Lambis lambis, Lambis truncata and Cypraea tigris were recorded as the most abundant species. After extraction of the muscle for food the chank shells are cleaned and marketed and form the basis for the shell craft articles.

The economic reforms introduced by the Govt. of India about two decades ago have changed the landscape of several sectors of Indian economy. The Indian banking sector is of no exemption. This segment is going through major changes as a result of economic reforms. The role of banking industry is very vital as one of the leading and mostly essential service sector. Today in India the service sector is contributing nearly half of the Indian GDP and the banking is most popular service sector in India. The biggest opportunity for the Indian banking system today is the Indian consumer.

Though the education system in any society is under the influence of the other social systems and within the educational system itself, the working and effectiveness of the teacher is governed by various factors within the system, there is no denying the fact that the teacher is the single most important component of the education structure. The investigator has decided to find out teacher effectiveness of fix salaried vidya sahayak teachers of primary schools of Gujarat state and for that he has decided following statement for his research work: “TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDYA SAHAYAK TEACHERS OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS”. Some basic objectives of the study are as follow: 1 To find out the difference between male and female primary school vidya sahayak teachers in respect of their teacher effectiveness. 2 To find out the difference between married and unmarried primary school vidya sahayak teachers in respect of their teacher effectiveness.

Lithology of a rock unit describes its physical characteristics visible at outcrop in hand or core sample or with low magnification microscopy, such as colour, texture, grain size or composition.On the other hand, landform in the earth sciences and geology subfields comprises a geomorphological unit and it is largely defined by its surface form. In the present study, lithological analysis on a part of Rishi Khola basin has been carried out using data collected from literature survey, field study, and also by computing it through GIS techniques. There are three types of rock formations, such as Garubathan (297.42034 Sq.km), Rayeng(19.29 Sq.Km), Rangli Schist(29.18 Sq.Km).In Rishi Khola basin area, we observed huge variation of dip, strike, Slope and many folds, faults, joints. They influence the valley Shape, landforms and different geomorphic processes. These studies are helpful in understanding Hydrological, Geomorphological and Lithological characteristics of this basin area.

Yoga is integrally linked with the well being of human body. Though it is said that the final aim of yoga is to achieve moksha or nirvana, several yogic practices are instrumental in maintaining good health. Real comfort lies in good health and this is an essential component for happiness as well. Those who practice yoga as a daily ritual would experience great deal of peace and joy. However, in order to comprehend the health problems relating to human body, preliminary knowledge of anatomy and physiology are necessary. The knowledge of anatomy and physiology forms the basis for the study of biological sciences. Even for a common man, to understand the health problems and to find their solutions, preliminary understanding of this subject will be helpful. At present, the human existence is challenged by the stress disorders or the psychosomatic diseases such as hypertension, hyperacidity, insomnia, heart diseases, diabetes, asthma, etc. To combat these diseases an individual can always resort to yoga as it has therapeutic value. It has the potential to tranquilize and balance the mind. The true essence of Yoga revolves around elevating the life force or ‘Kundalini’ at the base of the spine. It aims to achieve this through a series of physical and mental exercises. At the physical level, the methods comprise various yoga postures or ‘asanas’ that aim to keep the body healthy.

Aim of the study to explore the reaction time among indoor and outdoor game players. Hypotheses: There will be no significant difference between indoor and outdoor game players dimension on visual reaction time. Second hypothesis: There will be no significant difference between indoor and outdoor game players dimension on auditory reaction time. Sample: For the present study 100 Sample were belongings to Jalna and Aurangabad, 100 players among them 50 indoor game players and 50 outdoor game players. The age range of subjects was 18-25 years. Tools: 1) Chronoscope measure for visual reaction time. Results: outdoor game players had significantly faster visual reaction time than the indoor. Outdoor game players had significantly faster auditory reaction time than the indoor.

In Assam, release of petroleum contaminants to the ecosystem started with the beginning of oil exploration activities in various oilfields. Currently many large areas are present in Assam which is contaminated with petroleum and diverse petroleum constituents. Crude oil is a composite mixture of hundreds of hydrocarbons. Out of hundreds of different hydrocarbon molecules, mainly aliphatic hydrocarbons (also known as paraffins) from C1 to C40 straight chain, C6–C8 branched-chain, cyclohexanes, aromatics compounds (Stafford et al., 1982) are present in crude oil. An investigation was conducted to study the efficiency of two bacterial strains Cellulosimicrobium sp. Strain 26ML and Bravibacillus laterosporus strain 3SG in degradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons viz n-heptane, n-dodecane and n-hexadecane (purity 99%). Comparative study on ability of growth of the two strains was evaluated in LMM (Liquid Mineral Media) supplemented with 200ppm (v/v) of the respective hydrocarbons using CFU method,UV spectrophotometer, estimating cell biomass and GC analysis up to a period of 240h.

History of anthropology in this article refers primarily to the 18th- and 19th-century precursors of modern anthropology. The term anthropology itself, innovated as a New Latin scientific word during the Renaissance, has always meant "the study (or science) of man." The topics to be included and the terminology have varied historically. At present they are more elaborate than they were during the development of anthropology. For a presentation of modern social and cultural anthropology as they have developed in Britain, France, and North America since approximately 1900,

Midday-Meal is a free school meal provided to a child during a school break at no cost. Very few countries provided these to all school children regardless of their ability to pay but many governments in developing countries especially, are increasingly implementing free school meals to improve attendance rates and reduce malnutrition. In India, the National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NP-NSPE) scheme, deployed nationwide by 1998, 104 million children were covered in 1.6 million schools during 2013-14. It is an excellent initiative taken by the Govt. for school-level children. In the present paper, the researcher wants to compare the opinion of the rural guardians and the opinion of urban guardians regarding Midday-Meal Programme at elementary level.

India is rapid growing developing country. There are several project are running such as industrializing, road construction urbanization etc in different part of our country. On the other hand inspite of developing the some environmental hazard and degradation also occurring parallely .The Ballabpur is well known that type of laterite terrain. It has great impact on rill and gully erosion. It has an economical value to product agricultural commodity also.

Herbs are considered as nature’s gift to mankind. All major civilization of the old world has given as rich reference of herbs and other forms of naturally occurring substance and “anti-infectious” regardless of the agents associated with it. And the process of searching “new drugs” is still on progress. WHO (1973) has emphasized the need to scientifically evaluate the therapeutic value of medicinal plants. The practice of Ayurvedha, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy dated back since ancient times which utilize a large number of plants for the treatment of human diseases. The present study was conducted to evaluate the In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Against Seitz Filtered Lyophilized Herbal Extracts (Pongamia Pinnata, Terminalia Chebula And Azardirachta indica) In Comparison With Two Standard Antifungal Agents Namely Fluconazole And Itraconazole. The cytotoxic free concentration of plant extract showed minimal inhibitory concentration.

The objective of this study to investigate the impact of Non-debt tax shield on capital structure in cement companies, India. Over six year from 2007 to 2012 periods the research concentrate on that study. Capital structure refers to total liability of the company such as, share capital (preference and equity share), debts, retain earnings and others long term source. Sample criteria for selecting net profit margin based 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 randomly selected the cement company. Purposive sampling technique was used to decide five Indian cement companies. The empirical evidence proves through canonical correlation result reveal that depreciation by total assets ratio are high relationship with total debt and debt to equity ratio but, investment opportunity by total assets there is no relationship with total debt, short term debt, long term debt, gearing and debt to equity ratios.

One of the major determinants of physical health of child is infant immunization. In India especially after 1980s it is done through various central or state government immunization programmes. As a result some of the states in India have successfully implemented these immunization programmes like Tamil Nadu, Goa, Kerala and Himachal Pradesh but states like Uttar Pradesh are still far behind. A number of socio-economic factors affect the smooth implementation and success of these programmes. Since Uttar Pradesh is one of the worst performing states of India a study is required which focuses on various socio-economic determinants responsible for this. This paper will try to analyse various socio-economic determinants of child immunization in Meerut City one of the important cities of Uttar Pradesh situated in the national capital region of India.

Younglings of any mammal will crave for parental love, protection and care. In the case of human beings, prolonged period of infancy intensifies the longing of the little ones for love, protection and care of the parents. But in the materialistic world, the craves for earning forces the young parents to leave the children as early as possible in the care of others to go for job. More shockingly, the parents are prepared to put the small children in posh residential school and fly to foreign countries for building a life of luxury.

In day today cricket the bar of excellence is going higher and higher, every team consists of eleven players but they want to perform like a unit in all areas of cricket. But their unity is seen especially at the time of fielding. In a team, level of fielding plays a remarkable role in order to perform them like a unit. If a team renders less chances to others by their quick ‘accurate fielding throwing they are quite ahead from others. With the help of good fielding, a team can manage those runs which could not be scored by batting, and to stop opponents at low score. More over an accurate throw change a whole game because when bowler doesn’t make any impact on batting side, two or three accurate throws change the whole face of game and guide it in your favor.

Basically Aluminium alloy are widely used in many more applications in the field of automobile and aerospace. Further aluminium alloys extensively used in marine and turbine applications. Although aluminium alloy has a wide applications ,but they are lack of mechanical properties. Mechanical properties of aluminium alloys can be increased with addition of reinforcements to form aluminium matrix composites(AMCs). The double reinforced aluminium alloy is better than single reinforced aluminium alloy to form hybrid aluminium matrix composites. Thus the matrix have better mechanical properties, specifically good strength hardness and also wear resistance. So aluminium reinforced with two reinforcements have better mechanical properties. In this work development of hybrid aluminium matrix composites(HAMCs)is carried out, through liquid metallurgical route, i.e. stir casting technique. Aluminium 7075 alloy is reinforced with B4C and TiO2. The effect of B4C and TiO2 are evaluated. The addition B4C increases good strength and hardness. Though TiO2 is the self lubricating reinforcement, which increases wear resistance properties. The work is carried out for different Wt.% of B4C and TiO2 the effect can be evaluated. The maximum wear resistant of HAMCs is to be studied with addition maximum Wt%. of TiO2. The optical microscopic test and SEM are to be conducted to check the presence of reinforcements and distribution of reinforcements in aluminium matrix.

The Union Planning Commission’s Working Group on Higher Education for the Eleventh Plan proposed the objective of raising the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) from 10.5 in 2006-07 to 15.5 in 2011-12. There are different estimates of the GER: the NSSO estimated it at 13.22, the population census estimate was 14.48, and the Government of India’s estimate was 9.01 for 2003-04. The differences are probably because of the inclusion and exclusion of diploma and correspondence courses.

Barely two years on, there is a clamour for scrapping the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). The chorus is led by no less than the Chief Minister of one of India’s most populous and backward States. We live in a strange country. We have fanatics who want to put up barricades to debar “outsiders” from entering our metros. Others suggest that speaking for the farmer is “the idiocy of urban thinking” (Sagarika Ghose, Hindustan Times, February 15, 2008). They repeat ad nauseam what Indian planners have been trying for the last 50 years — unabated urbanisation and industrialisation as the panacea. Agriculture can continue to be the “bargain sector,” especially now that the Indian economy grows fast even when agriculture stagnates. Such a view is completely blind to the deepening distress in rural India.

Higher education in India is in the process of transition in the face of globalization. Some of the important organizations involved in responding to the challenges of developing a knowledge economy and seeking this transition in higher education are the University Grants Commission (UGC), the Union Ministry of Human Resource Development, the Planning Commission and the National Knowledge Commission (NKC). Each of them has its own perspective on what ought to be the future of higher education. While there is need for consensus building and closer interaction among these bodies, the importance of promoting academic freedom should also be recognized. Given the challenges of privatization, there is an urgent need for emphasizing academic freedom as a core component of ensuring higher academic standards and the development of curriculum that will meet the needs of the future. The state and the private sector need to recognize that the creation of knowledge and development of the higher education sector cannot take place without recognizing academic freedom.

This is paper deals with the physico chemical parameters of surface water of River Mula in western ghat region in Akole tehsil Dist. Ahmednagar, M.S. India. The physico chemical parameters like pH, E.C., Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Carbonates, Sulphates etc. were analyzed. All parameters were within the permissible limits as per prescribed by WHO. The results indicate that the surface water of River Mula is non polluted and can be used for Domestic, Irrigation and Fisheries purpose.

The purpose of the study was to assess the trunk flexibility of students of various class viz fifth (N=20), sixth (N=17), seventh (N=19), eighth (N=20), tenth (N=19), tenth (N=17), 1st P.U.C. ( N=28), IInd P.U.C. (N=28). The study also considered various times of the day and its effect on trunk flexibility viz., 9 am, 12.30 pm and 4.30 pm.

Malgudi is a fictional locale created by R. K. Narayan and forms the setting for most of his works. The attempt in this Research Paper is made to show, how “Malgudi”, a small imaginative town yet alive has become a perfect setting for R. K. Narayan’s fiction. Narayan has successfully portrayed Malgudi as a microcosm of our country. This paper also claims that the greatness of R. K. Narayan lies in making the life of Malgudi a realistic experience and enlarging the limited sphere of Malgudi to global limits. Thus one can find the tradition-oriented Indian world, symbolically presented in the miniature world of Malgudi, trying to achieve multifarious progress in all the fields of life and thereby awakening to modernity. The paper also exposes the situation where traditional values clashes with the modern thinking.

At verybeginning, human civilisation first came into being along the river valley and flourished little by little taking many advantages from the river. So, the contribution of river is not only in shaping the earth surface configuration but also in the development of human societies giving suitable climate for good health, alluvium fertile soils for agriculture, fresh water for drinking and so on. Therefore, that is why the discussion with regard to the decay of river at present is more reasonable. In this light, this paper on “Decaying of River Anjana and its impact on physical and socio-economic environment of Krishnanagar Municipality, West Bengal” is an attempt to analyse the significant causes behind the degradation of the river Anjana andalso to focus various impact on physical and socio economic profiles of the people living along the river. It has been seen that the river Anjanahas gradually been decaying ever since it lost water supply from the River Jalangi. This event affects a lot changing physical environments (local climate,drainage and frequently water logging during monsoon period) and income and occupational structure.

Crop diversification patterns are quite in contrast to that of concentration. They have a great relevance in agricultural landuse systems of cropping intensity from the planning point of view. Cropping patterns exhibits a variety of crops for arable land for, which competition marks the magnitude of diversification. The keener is the competition the greater is the magnitude of diversification. It denotes that the greater is the number of crop combination the greater is the degree of diversification. An attempt has been made to delineate the high crop diversification area and low diversified areas in the study region at tehsil level. Ratnagiri District is the one of agriculturally backward district of Konkan division of Maharashtra state whereas; the paddy was the single dominant cereal crop in the study region. But with advent of new agricultural technology, the cropping pattern in the district is completely changed during the study period. It is observed that, higher the level of agricultural technology lesser the degree of diversification. Moreover, the rich farmers prefer to specialize in agricultural enterprise, while the poor and subsistent farmers are generally most interested in the diversification of crops.

The present scenario of education needs skilled craftsman in all sections of assessing the knowledge. Knowledge without skill is becoming loaf. The advanced seasons of education needs enhanced in relation to accountable and reflect able individuals to deliver for future preparation. The school education needs one’s ability to grow lawfully to assess the predictions of future generations. English perhaps one of the needs to the learners to fulfil the gap between past and present knowledge efficiency among the learners. The present study “Assessment of English language reading comprehension among secondary school level learners – A study” gives us why learning English language is declining among the students and what are the measures to be taken to bridge the gap of teaching and learning process. The world we live in towards the close of the 20th century and on the threshold of the 21st century is marked by the far-reaching changes. Their dynamism accounts for a universal demand for higher education.

The present empirical investigation is an attempt to explore Social Support and quality of work life among industrial employees. The sample of the research consists of 100 industrial employees randomly selected in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Tools used for data collection are; (1) The Work-Related Quality of Life scale (Simon Easton & Darren Van Laar 2014) and (2) job satisfaction scale developed by Hackman and Oldham. The researchers contacted the informants individually and data was obtained through face-to-face personal interview. The researchers contacted the informants individually and data was obtained through face-to-face personal interview. The Mean, Standard Deviation, ANOVA, and correlation were the statistical analysis done. Results indicate that there is significant difference in the quality of work life and job satisfaction. In this research it is also found that a high positive correlation exists between quality of work life and job satisfaction among industrial employees.

Corporate Entrepreneurship has been recognized as a potentially viable means for promoting and sustaining organizational performance, renewal and corporate competitiveness over the past three decades. The paper focuses on the Corporate Entrepreneurship nature identification through studying its definition, attributes and impact onto a company. The paper presents a literature overview and is structured in order to answer for the key questions: (1) the nature of corporate entrepreneurship, its attributes and relationships (2) Methodology (3) Fostering Innovation through Corporate Venture Capital (4) Strategic Behaviour and Corporate Entrepre- neurship.

The present article deals with micro, small and medium enterprises and their role in economic growth and employment generation in the Indian context. The Origin, Growth and various problems have been facing by the micro small and medium industries. The credit requirements of these industries, and the various banks attitude towards lending loans and their management.

For this study 30 hockey players selected. They subjects was selected from government arts college, Coimbatore. The subjects’ age range was 18 to 25 years. They were randomly divided into two equal groups, one group was considered as experimental group and another groups as control groups. The subjects were tested in order to find out selected psychomotor components and skill performance variables namely reaction time, coordination, depth perception, passing, shooting dribbling.The experimental group participated inspecific drills with meditation the training was carried out for a period of six weeks and subjects were trained three days a week. The data was collected before and after training for period of pre-test and post-test for hockey players. The statistical tool used was ’f’ test. The level of significant for the study was chosen as 0.05. The experimental group after the six weeks training significant improvement in all variables choosed.

As deposited Copper telluride flower like microstructures constructed by quantum dots with various diameters were obtained by potentiostatic electrodeposition method. The electrolyte concentration and deposition time can be used to control the diameter of the electrodeposited quantum dots to within the range of 50-65 nm. As deposited films are found to be stoichiometric in composition. The thin films are prepared using electrodeposition technique at room temperature and irradiated with electron beam of 2Mev. The surface morphology of film shows drastic change after irradiation. Onion flower like structure with quantum dots changes to coli flower like structure with quantum dots within the range of 20-25 nm. The optical constants such as optical band gap energy and optical absorption spectra shows significant variation in their values with electron beam irradiation. Upon irradiation the band gap energy increased from a value of 2.74eV to 2.88 eV and 2.89 eV to 3.01eV. The structural, optical, surface morphology, compositional analysis and Raman spectra properties of the irradiated films have been studied.

MSRDC is a corporation established and fully owned by the Government of Maharashtra. The Government of Maharashtra plans to construct total of 50 flyovers in the Mumbai Metropolitan region. Initially 46 flyovers / works were handed over to MSRDC. The Mumbai Pune Expressway project has been awarded as a BOT project for 30 years to MSRDC by Government of Maharashtra. MSRDC has taken up integrated road improvement projects in the cities viz. Aurangabad, Pune, Nagpur and Latur. Nagpur is presently connected to Mumbai through the National Highways. However the need has been felt to connect other towns in the Vidharba and Marathwada regions to Mumbai and accordingly the Nagpur-Aurangabad -Sinnar-Ghoti-Mumbai Highway was envisaged. The project has been taken up by MSRDC in two phases Phase.

The most despicable feature of the Indian caste system is the position accorded to the low caste Untouchables. At various occasions, they have been called by various names such as Untouchables, Unapproachables, Depressed Classes, Avarnas, Adi-Dravidas, Panchamas, Scheduled Castes, Outcastes, Exterior castes and so on. Harijan is the glorified term coined by Gandhi in 193 for calling the total body of Untouchables. But the Depressed Class leaders like B.R.Ambedkar and M.C.Rajah strongly opposed the name Harijan. Though the term ‘Scheduled Castes’ is the expression standardized in the ‘Constitution of the Republic of India’, this name was first coined by the Simon Commission. This paper exposes the circumstances for calling the Untouchables in different names and the stand of the leaders like Gandhi, B.R.Ambedkar and M.C. Rajah in the nomenclature of Untouchables

In this paper we determine a solution of steady state heat conduction equation inspherical symmetric coordinates subject toa mixed discontinuous boundaryconditions of the third kind acted along a surface of a solid unbounded plate. Herewe use the Hunkle i

“Corporate bodies are more corrupt and profligate than individuals, because they have more power to do mischief, and are less amenable to disgrace or punishment. They neither feel shame, remorse, gratitude nor goodwill”

Though women have significantly in every aspect of life, the long list of in human treatment given seems never ending. The Government, judiciary and social action groups are taking positive action to provide women true dignity in economic, social and personal areas. In endeavor the mass media have a pivotal role reporting wrong doing following up remedial action, mobilizing public opinion, brining about social change and highlighting positive developments. The pattern of value in any society is reflected in the contents of mass communications.

“As long as women of India”, declared Mahatma Gandhi in 1925, “do not take part in public life; there can be no salvation for the country”. He further declared, “As long as…women do not come to public life and purify… we are not likely to attain swaraj”. “Ever if we did”, he added,” it would have no use for that kind of swaraj to which women have not made their full contribution”3 The recent constitutional amendment acts provided greater opportunities to women in various aspects of political life. Self Help Groups are autonomous social bodiescompris-ing of 10 to 20 members. SHG generates a fund through its members or from a bank, and provides loans to its members or others during needs based on the collective opinion of the group. The collateral here is the borrower’s societal status rather than physical property.

Inventory was under taken from last 3 years i.e. between 2011 to 2014. It was continuously screened & documented the use of traditional medicinal plant from Barshi Taluka from Solapur district of Maharashtra, India. Present work investigated the total 12 species were found which are used as traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases and commonly occurs in human life.

The concept of Productivity seems to be a relative term and cannot be uniformly applied everywhere. Sometimes, it is considered synonymous of efficiency of overall effectiveness of productivity unit, while at other, as ratio of output to resources expande.

The paper has assessed the socio-economic impact of the New Land Use Policy (NLUP) at Falkawn village of Mizoram. Investigation was also done of the processes followed in the implementation of the programme by allfinctionaries involved in its implementation. According to the data collected from the beneficiaries benefits in the programme is seen both in terms of production and functionality when the trade is chosen by the benefiaris themselves. New land Use Policy has been found to help sustain earnings in the case of almost half of the beneficiaries.

In this article authors have attempted to bring out the meaning of Neuroplasticity and its relevance to the field of education. They have described in detail how the idea of Neuroplasticity acts as a reinforcement to enhance the academic engagement of trainee teachers in teacher training programmes. It also discusses the need and rationale for introducing the idea of Neuroplasticity into teacher education curriculum. It also aims to create awareness to all the stake holders in the field of education that recent developments in the medical field specially connected with brain have direct implications to learning.

Liberalization, privatization and globalization have become a much talked of subjects among politicians, economists and businessmen in modern days. These three expressions are the supporting pillars on which the edifice of new economic policy of our Government has been erected and implemented since 1991. The term globalization has been extensively used in modern discussion of industrial policies and also national economic policies besides in business circles. Generally, this term globalization is considered as a synonym for the term internationalization. Strictly, speaking, it is not so, business with or more foreign countries amounts to internationalization, whereas globalization means adopting a global outlook for the business and business strategies are aimed at enhancing global competitiveness. Companies, which have adopted global outlook stop thinking of themselves as national markets but start thinking themselves as global markets.

The present study has been done to know the knowledge and attitude of national hockey players of Bundelkhand towards drugs, alcohol and smoking. The study was delimited to 100 National Hockey players of Bundelkhand Region. The study was delimited to those players who have benign the team for at least six year. Hundred Ist division hockey players of Bundelkhand were randomly selected as subjects for this study. The survey method through the technique of questionnaire was adopted to collect the relevant data for this study. The study concluded that the first division hockey players of Bundelkhand (M.P,U.P), overall, possess a sound knowledge about drugs, alcohol and smoking except in a few questions.

Marriage is the approved social pattern where by two or more people establish a family (Herton & Hunt, 1984).Throughout the world, marriage is regarded as a moment of celebration and a milestone in adult life (UNICEF, 2001).Child marriage is a formal marriage or informal union entered into by an individual before reaching the age of 18 (UNICEF, 2011). Sadly, in case of where bride’s age is less than 18 years, the marriage gives no such celebration and enjoy in human life but it is enunciated bewilderment in life of the bride. Patriarchal society gives less value to girl child, mainly in less educated agrarian society where female children are illiterate or less educated has no chance for job, hence force to marry. Child marriage is one of the most prevalent forms of sexual abuse and exploitation especially of girls (Ghosh, 2011).This social practice is also a violation of human rights. Nadia district, the study area, of West Bengal is situated in flood plain of lower Ganges Basin and main economic activity of the area is agriculture. As par 2011 census, Govt. of India, except urban centre, percentage of literacy of the district is lower (75.58%) than state level (77.1%) and female literacy rate is (70.98%) which is (7.77%) lower than male literacy rate (78.75%). In this agro-based society, generally poor families want to reduce their economic constrain, protect girl child from pre- marriage sex and avoid pregnancy outside marriage, marry off their girl in very early before legal age of marriage (18 years).

Spatial variation in the demographic and socio-economic aspect is a common phenomena, which has been well analized in geography. Geographers has always tried to reach the root of the actual event and reason behind it.In this paper an instance is given of the Barasat Municipality, which contains thirty two wards among these, ninteen wards contain slam population. There are spatial variation in demographic and socio-economic aspects among the nineteen wards.These wards have unique and highly variable demographic and socio-economic parameters like population distribution, distribution of infant population, sex composition, caste composition, level of literacy, work perticipation ratio etc.

The state of Mysore rose to prominence in the politics of South India under the leadership of Hyder Ali. He became the ruler of Mysore by 1761. His rule of Mysore was characterized by frequent warfare with his neighbors and rebellion within his territories. He offered strong anti-colonial resistance against the military advances of the British East India Company during the First Anglo–Mysore War (1767-1769). The war ended with the defeat of British, concluded the humiliating treaty of Madras on 4th April, 1769 on the basis of mutual destitutions of each other’s territories and a defensive alliance between the two parties committing the English to help Hyder Ali on case he was attacked by another power.

The world at present is governed by a culture of violence and aggression. Human existence seems to be at stake. Peace education is the crying need of the hour. It seeks to infuse in the learners the perspectives, values, skills and attitudes required to replace the culture of violence with the culture of peace. It is a conscious effort to orient the students in peaceful ways and behaviors through the inculcation of values of co-operation, togetherness, mutual understanding, non-violence, respecting individual difference. Peace education is closely associated with the concepts of human right, gender equality, social justice, human values, disarmament etc. School plays a vital role in imparting peace education. Hence, the school should be developed as place of peace. The initiative should be incorporated in the environment, curriculum, and pedagogical approach. The approach should be holistic, cooperative, experiential and humanist. The peace educators as the agents of peace should ideally practice the values and principles they wish to preach.

Achebe’s works can be collectively called as a manifesto of the cultural, political and social scenario of Nigeria reflecting the indigenous culture and life of the people, especially the Igbo society. At the same time geography never limits the value of his writings, since they adore a universal element in them. The experiences of the Igbo society is similar to the encounters faced by almost all the Third world countries under the gargantuan and mighty hands of colonialism. Things Fall Apart the very first work and the magnum opus of Achebe depicts the life and culture of Igbo people, the entry of colonial power and the subsequent withering away of their culture, people and land. The title itself denotes the postmodern notion of the so called centrelessness, where everything is on a flux and nothing is permanent.

Training and development is the framework for helping bank employees to develop their personal and organizational skills, knowledge, and abilities. The focus of all aspects of Human Resource Development is on developing the most superior work force so that the organization and individual employees can accomplish their work goals in service to customers. The present study aimed that to know the opinion on training and development programmes among private sector bank employees in Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu. All employees want to be valuable and remain competitive in the labor market at all times. This can only be archived through employee training and development. Employees will always want to develop care- enhancing skills, which will always lead to employee motivation and retention.

Education has to be made accessible to all, irrespective of financial, social and psychological conditions. People engaged in various earnings want to get education and lifelong education is needed for motivated learners. The govt. arranged a multiple education system and that is obviously a great step for this purpose. The formal education system has been playing an elitist role through ages. It has been realized that this system cannot make universalisation of education. The conventional education system alone cannot meet the needs and demands of higher education. Moreover, it is full restriction like age, admission, qualification and duration of courses, curriculum, examination system etc. With the tremendous pressure of formal education system, distance education is playing a great role now-a-days. It is a powerful instrument of equalization of educational opportunities to broaden the base of human capital formation, mainly because of its innovative and flexible characteristics that advocate a learner centered approach for teaching learning unlike the teacher centered conventional system. The students who marginally miss the opportunity to get entry into some of the best regular institutions and they entry in the higher education into this window.

Tourism has become an activity of global significance, and as an inherently geographical phenomenon that centers upon the movement of people, goods and services through time and space it merits the serious consideration of geographers. Tourism is essentially a geographical phenomenon, and accordingly there are a number of ways through which a geographical perspective can light up the subject. It is a phenomenon that increasingly demands attention. This study reveals how geographic perspectives can inform and illuminate the study of tourism. It explores the factors that have encouraged the development of both domestic and international forms of tourism in Sikkim, highlighting ways in which patterns of tourism have evolved and continue to evolve. Sikkim is one of the most fascinating states of India. This tiny Himalayan state is widely acclaimed for its amidst spectacular terrain, snowy mountains, luxuriant forests with exotic flora and fauna, sacred lakes, pristine glaciers, cascading waterfalls, holy cave, medicinal hot springs, roaring rivers and gentle streams.

The traditional institutions of local governance have not given space for women. Many of the factors that hindered women in the earlier system continue to exist and operate in rural areas. In fact gender as a phenomenon hardly ever appears in a pure form. It is almost always alloyed with caste, class and religious factors. Through the implementation of reservation in panchayats women have got an opportunity to raise their concerns and opinion in Gram sabha. Their experiences in the PRIs have also been varied and at times startling. Nevertheless, women in PRIs still lack the capacity and capability to raise voice against the various issues. The opportunities relating to raising issues and participating in decision-making process need to be strengthened by adequate training and capacity building. This may help these women representatives tide over the social and economic disadvantage and face male domination and bureaucratic apathy.

The concept and practice of human rights is the phenomena of any modern society. Since time immemorial, the story of human rights has been the story of human wrongs. More than one-sixth of India’s population, approximately 170 million people live in sub-human survival, eschewed by much of the society because of their position as ‘untouchables’ or ‘Dalits’ which literally means ‘broken’ people. National legislations and constitutional provisions serve only to cover up the realities of discrimination and atrocities faced by the ‘society created sub-humans’ living below ‘pollution line’. The present paper tries to find the nature and magnitude of atrocities on Dalits. It has dealt with the conceptual category of ‘Human Rights’ and ‘Dalit’ and its historical underpinning for being discriminated. It also deals with the sociological and legal constraints for Dalits getting justice. The paper also endeavours to trace the compatibility of Human Rights with social order in villages and has tried to trace the nature and magnitude of violation of Human Rights of Dalits.

Urban centers have always been considered as nucleus of human civilization and culture and therefore, urbanization is regarded as an important index of socio-economic development of a region. The urban settlements i.e. towns and cities differ considerably from that of rural settlements in many ways. Slums are those areas which are identified as over-crow-ding ,badly constructed , insanitary condition,dirt, squalor, absence of essential amenities ,triggers of diseases ,crime , riots etc. present paper is an systematic enquiry of slums in Dhule city.As per 2011 census the population of Dhule city was 2050862 . In the Dhule city there are 124 slums, in which 39-declared, 19-undeclared, 07- footpaths and 59- dispersed. 83715 peoples live in these slums.