FMCGs (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) are those goods andproducts, which are nondurable, mass consumption products and available off the shelf. FMCG sector, which is the fourth largest in economy with market size of US$13.1 billion in the year 2015 has been a mixed bag.Emerging recent trends in marketing will help to FMCG sectorto act as a commanding cell.This article includes sectorial performance of FMCG companies with challenges faced by them & Roadmap of government policies for FMCG.

An organization is meant to help and evolve independent work relationship in order to achieve a common goal. Every organization has to find its own way of functioning effectively and must adopt whi chever theoreti cal framework of organizational development suits it. Considering the fact that an organization is a hierarchical structure, the role of manager is critical importance as he undertakes the mission of working for the larger interest of society. Thus managers set objectives, organize activities and perform as effective leaders. Enormous opportunity and potential for OD movement in future as organizations throughout the world need unique help by trained interventionist using people-oriented and action research approaches.

Social and economic development of women is necessary for overall economic development of any society or a country. The emergence of woman entrepreneurs and their contribution to the national economy is quite visible in India. The number of woman entrepreneurs has grown over a period of time. Entrepreneurship has been a male-dominated phenomenon from the very early age but time has changed the situation and brought women as todays most memorable and inspirational entrepreneurs. Till the turn of century, man has enjoyed the dominant position but change is a natural phenomenon. Change in the sense position of technological innovation, education, human right and modern way of thinking can reduce the disparity between men and women. The emergence of women entrepreneurs and their contribution to the Indian economy is quit visible in the world.

The present study explores the efficacy of EXPRESSIVE WRITING THERAPY (cognitive based) in managing Depression and Anxiety. After getting informed consent 4 patients were selected from Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute Hospital, Pondicherry, they were already diagnosed as having the symptoms of Depression and Anxiety, referred by Psychiatrist, were under antidepr e ssants and anxiolytic medication. ICD-10 criteria was used as a diagnostic tool, structured proforma was used to record the democratic profile and Hamilton Depression & Anxiety Rating Scales were used to quantify the symptoms. The data was collected over 2 weeks. Pretest of HDRS & HARS were recorded and after 2 weeks of psycho education and EXPRESSIVE WRITING THERAPY post-test of HDRS & HARS were recorded. The result of the study shown that there is significant differences in pre-test and post-test of Hamilton Rating Scales, Hence EXPRESSIVE WRITING THERAPY can be used to managing the depression & Anxiety. (Pennebaker, J. W., & Chung, C. K. (in press). Expressive writing and its links to mental and physical health.

Great ideas are simple whilethe specific analysis of any topic makes it complex. Those ideas which affect the policies of nations and lives of millions of people must be accessible to all and not just to an elite class. Only then, these ideas can permeate from local to global and become a part of human landscape. This is the concept of development. World Commission on Environment and Development ( 1987 ) defined sustainable development as development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. There are three aspects of sustainable development: Economic, Environmental and social. It raises the issue of how to balance these three aspects and judge the success or failure. These three aspects have resonance at a common sense level. Thus, there is need to examine the problem from different disciplinary perspective and the goal require the insights of multiple disciplines. The concept of sustainable development must address the social inequalities and environmental degradation along with economic growth. Natural capital must be conserved through integration of ecosystem and maintaining the diversity of species, social equity, the fulfilment of basic health and educational needs, parti c ipator y democ racy are integrated elements of development and are related with environmental sustainability. Thus, there is need to establish a reasonable balance between the desired goals and the available means and resources.

The Sanskrit term Rasanishpatti refers to realisation of rasa. Rasa is the pleasure that ever yone recei ve from their experience. The term ‘rasa’ literally means extract,taste,relish,flavour. It is the kind of delight endowed by art such as literature, poetry,prose, rama,dance,painting,music etc. The 6th & 7th chapter of Bharata’s Natyashatra deals with Rasa & Bhava which are mutually dependent. He clearly mentioned that the nishpatti of rasa is from bhava and discussed about eight rasas such as sringara,hasya,karuna,raudra,veera,bhayana ka,bibhatsa,adbhuta & later shanta rasa is included there after. The following hymn in bharat’s natyashastra describes the nishpatti of rasa.

Social Network (SN) has become very popular during the last few years and it plays an important role in our life to build the network of relationship. SN is built on the idea of how people should know and interact with each other. It gives people the power to share, making the world more open and connected. Social Network Sites (SNs) allow users to share ideas, activities, events, and interests within their individual networks. SN is a way for one person to meet up with other people on the net. People use SNs for meeting new friends, finding old friends or locating people who are from the same panel.

The present investigation was carried out in Hisar district of Haryana state. From Hisar district two areas were selected i.e, urban and rural. The sample consist 100 girls between the age group of 7-8 years and their parents (both mother and father). 50 girls and their parents were selected randomly from Hisar city and 50 girls and their parents were selected randomly from rural area. A total of 50 boys between the age group of 7 to 8 years with both of their parents were selected randomly from each location. Hence, the total sample was 300 including (100 children and 200 their parents). Father occupation was taken as independent variable and adaptive behaviour was taken as dependent variable. Vineland adaptive behaviour scale by Sparrow et al., 1984 used to measure the adaptive behaviour of children. Result revealed that communication domain, daily living skill domain and adaptive behaviour is significantly associated with father occupation.

Sustainable development in the agriculture sector aimed to increase the productivity, efficiency and level of employment, protect and preserve the natural resources by the over utilization. It also provides mechanism to reduce the soil degradation through multiple cropping systems, deforestation and some other r easons. Indian Agriculture has been witnessing a blinding pace of growth and development in recent times. But this growth has raised concerns from sundry quarters as regards its basic texture and health. Experts are now calling for “sustainable development” and the term has gained currency in the last few years.

This paper attempts to ascertain the interactive effect of metacognitive language learning strategies-based instruction in English and socio-economic status on academic achievement of students. For this purpose, an intervention programme based on meta-cognitive language learning strategies of about 32 hourswas developed for students of standard eighth spreading over ten weeks. The aim of theresearch was to ascertain whether meta-cognitive language learning strategies-based instruction helps in improving students’ English achievement scores, and if so, for which socio- economic level of students.Structured tools were used in the study. The participants of the study included 52 and 48 studentsin the experimental and control groups respectively. Students were found to be significantlyinfluenced by the intervention programme as well as their socio-economic status.

he word is half his that speaks Tand half that hears it. --Michael de Montaigne Listening to a Second Language holds the foreground in communication as to inch forward the interlocutor needs to perceive, interpret and act searching the ambit of the context/ situation. The activity involves ears and mind. The process is complex and needs to be rapid too, to make the interaction lucid. A communicative spell in the concurrent times makes listening an indispensable skill for a Second Language learner. To become an expert from a novice, the learner needs to train his ears, to grasp the standard pronunciation (Received Pronunciation), stress, intonation and of course immense vocabulary. A Second Language learner needs to be a good listener for not only the professional, but the social profile too demands a knack in handling all sorts of real life situations. This paper aims to investigte ‘ Listening Comprehension’ with regard to the Government School at a Senior Secondary Level. A case study has been commissioned in the realm of locales like the capital city, Delhi; to corroborate, a comparison has been drawn to Sonipat (a District in Haryana).

The present paper focuses on soft skills that have to be acquired by Women entrepreneurs. In the modern scenario soft skills are the skills that have to be learned by each person irrespective of his or her work area. Besides hard skills, soft skills are also important. They prove to be pivotal element on the path of Professional or Business success. Taking this into consideration the writer intends to emphasize on women entrepreneurs who are coming up with their businesses. These women entrepreneurs need to learn the soft skills which would definitely prove helpful in their business endeavors.

Environmental Education refers to Organized effort to teach how natural environments functions, and particularly, how human being can manage behavior and ecosystem to live sustainably. Environmental education is the teaching of indiv iduals and communities, in transitioning to a society that is knowledgeable of the environment and its associate problems, aware of the solutions to these problems and motivated to solve them. The study which involves the various things in our surroundings is Environmental Education. Environmental Education informs us in great detail about that. It teaches us about the life of other creations and how they manage to survive. Environmental Education gives us an idea about the balance in the ecosystem which is being disturbed due to human interference.

More, more! Faster, faster! It’s an easy trap to fall into. agile marketing will discover its own variation of agile that snugly fits the unique qualities of marketing. Agile marketing is first and foremost a culture: a belief system founded on a set of management principles that deliver dramatic improvements in performance. Agile helps to switch gears quickly and more effectively also to deliver a better, more relevant end productIn a marketing approach that involves being open and responsive to change, rather than following a set, specific marketing plan and able to adapt to the rapidly changing business of today. In fact, the goals of agile marketing are to “improve the speed, predictability, transparency, and adaptability to change of the marketing function.”

Vayanagar or city of victory was the name of a city or an empire which flourished many centuries. It is remembered for great wealth, power and magnificent architecture. Today, the monuments of Vijayanagar speak of magnificent past and glories of the empire which paved the way for the research. The empire was founded in the fourteenth century. In its heyday it stretched from the river Krishna in the north to the extreme south of peninsula. In 1565 the city was sacked and subsequently deserted. Although it fell into ruin in the seventeenth century, it lived on in the memories of people living in the Krishna – Tungabhadra doab . The Vijayanagar empire reached its zenith during the reign of Krishnadevaraya when Vijayanagar military were consistently emerging as victorious. The empirehad efficient administration and they had a good trade contacts on overseas which was proved by introducing new technology in irrigation. The empire was great patrons of art and architecture. At Hampi itself monuments were spread over 70 sq.km. Beside this the region influenced a development in the stream of Music and Literature.

In this research paper an attempt has been made to highlight the menace of sexual harassment at various work places in India. In our male dominated society women are facing the serious evil of sexual harassment in day to day life not only in formal institutions and working places but also in informal places like fields, roads especially women engaging in labour wor k in construction of buildings and also women working as street vendors. So to tackle this challenge government should implement laws strictly and organize anti-harassment workshops in all working places so that everyone fells the sense of responsibility to fight against the evil by respecting chastity of all women in the country.

Important features of the expenditure have been performing to enhance the capacity building of productive activities of different sectors of the economy. It indi cates that expenditure on public infrastructure, human capital, s c ience and technology can be growth and welfare also enhanc ing and improving capital and labour productivity. The qual it y of expenditure of states has modestly improved the enactment of Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management FRBM. The states need to prioritize expenditure on physical, social infrastructure and economise on the allocation of resources.

Food without spice, A garden without flowers. An economy without entrepreneurs, A sky without starts, A bird with one wing. If you are wondering what these colorful figures denote role of women in Business. Life without woman would indeed be – as another power women put – a dull grey winter morning.

The idea of criminological science is not another one in India , however its the application was not known by our Indian the utilization of unique mark which was otherwise called Trija by the ignorant people was initiated hundreds of years prior as it was referred to around then too that the same are supreme. predecessors in the present logical frame yet its itemized reference can been seen from our writing composed 2300 years prior like the Kautilyas Arthashastra.

To evaluate the effectiveness of 06 weeks Plyometric Training Programme on Lags Explosive Strength of Taekwondo Player. pretest and post- test randomized group design were undertaken for the present study which consist of an Experimental group and control group. Equal number of subjects (N=50) were assigned randomly to both groups. The experimental group was exposed to 06 weeks Plyometric Training Programme, whereas, no treatment was given to control group. For the purpose of the present research work a total of 100 Taekwondo Players were randomly selected for the present research work. The level of significance to test the obtained t-ratio was fixed at 0.05 level of confidence, which was considered to be appropriate in review of the fact that highly sophisticated instruments and devices were not used for more stringent level of significance.

Presented here in the study of hydrodynamic lubrication of micro-polar fluid in a slider bearing. It has been observed that the load capacity increases with the increase in the value of coupling constantµ/ and / . The micro-polar fluid under consideration proves to be better lubricant for the slider bearing. The increase in the length of the flat part of the slope inclined part also increase the load capacity.

Adolescence is believed to be a period of great stress and storm as rapid physical and mental changes occur during this period. Typically, it is divided into three periods: early (ages 13-14), middle (15- 18 years) and late adolescence (19 years). Sibling relationship was non significant in school adjustment of male v/s female adolescent respondents of Gurugram where as significant difference was observed in home, health, social and emotional areas of adjustment.

A series of 1, 3, 5-triazines derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated their biological activity. The preliminary investigation showed that most compounds displayed well to excellent potency against selected micro organism. The QSRRs are statistical models which quantify the relationship between the structure of a molecule and its chromatographic retention parameters in different kinds of chromatography. The application of QSRR allows the prediction of the retention of a new solute, identification of the most informative structural descriptors, and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of separation in a given chromatographic system, evaluation of complex Physicochemical properties of solutes and estimation of biological activities. The structure of the novel compounds were elucidated on the basis of IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis.

The present study has tried to explore cognitive style of rural and urban adolescents. For this data was collected on 100 adolescents equally divided into rurals(50) and urbans(50) and they were further divided inti two equal parts on the basis of theif gender.Cognitive Style of the adolescents was measured by using Cognitive Style Inventory by Jha(2011). The results have revealed some significant findings suggesting that boys reported more intuitive styles than girls while girls were found to score significantly higher on Integrative and Undifferentiated style. Urban adolescents were found to use Split style significantly more than rural adolescents.

Horoscope writing of a baby or an individual without the proper inputs such as correct Time of Birth is a serious concern, In the absence of correct Time of Birth with reference to Place of Birth it is difficult to cast a horoscope based on which the Astrologer attempts to read, interpret and predict and do other Astrological work for the benefit of the client or the counsellee. So, it is the duty of the client / counsellee to furnish the correct Time of Birth and correct Place of Birth along with the correct Date of Birth based on which the Astrologer does further work to help the client / counsellee. In modern world there are different ways of births and births also taking place in moving vehicles, moving trains, moving ships, moving airplanes. And also to ascertain rules to interpret Transgender Horoscopes without which we cannot take Astrology into future.

Children are the future of a Nation. UN declaration of the rights of the child on 20th November 1959 states that every child by virtue of his/her physical and mental health maternity needs special safeguard and care including appropriate legal protection before as well as after birth. Teachers are a crucial link in providing valuable information about rights of children. The teacher is the key person in determining the success of the child. The present study was conducted by the investigator in order to know the awareness and attitude of primary teachers towards the introduction of child rights education in the school curriculum. The investigator has collected the data from primary teachers from randomly selected schools. The sample for the study consisted of 180 teachers working in primary and upper schools in T iruchirappal l i Distri c t. The investigator has developed and validated the tools to measure the level of awareness and attitude of primary teachers. The findings reveal that the awareness and attitude of primary teachers towards the introduction of child rights education differs in terms of their gender, teaching experience and locality .

Solid waste generated from various sources needs to be disposed properly in scientific manners to ensure its minimum impacts onth equality of environment. Solid waste is a consequence of life and its varies from one society to other.In early time human consumed at resources and he had not any problems but deposal of its waste. Traditional compositingand producing the fertilizers were very typical solutions for most of the organic waste during that time; the disposal of the solidwaste can be traced from that time when human started to make community, society and urban life.Municipal solid waste is one of major problem in urban centers. Rewa city is one of the urban centers of Rewa district Madhya Pradesh state in India is our study area. The main objective of the study sources of the solid waste generationand disposal. At present study gives the details of municipal solid waste generation, in the forms of residential, industrial,commercial, construc tion, demol ish, and agriculture. The solid waste collection in the forms of door to door, community binsand storage points. Different types of vehicles are used to transport the municipal solid waste.

In the previous couple of years, Social Network Media has spread broadly all around the world and are utilized by diverse customers for numerous reasons and purpose. The impact of social websites may be exact on students but if weve a better appearance on the real impact of social media. These days its far ruining the service and destiny of students. Now a days more than 3 billion human beings across the world have their profiles in social networking Media. Everything looks pleasant when you create a profile on social Media web sites, but how you sense while hackers start blackmailing the usage of your personal records.

This special section focuses on cogniti v e and affe c ti v e processes in multimedia learning in a range of learning domains. Expanding previous research that has taken a predominantly cognitive perspective of multimedia learning, recent studies have begun to consider affective aspects of multimedia learning with the aim of integrating emotion, motivation, and other affective variables into cognitive processing models. The articles included in this special section are examples of the various ways in which the cognitive perspective can be enhanced by taking affective aspects of learning into account. Investigations range from the study of confusion as an affective state that can be beneficial to learning, and the consideration of the potential distrac ting or motivating function of decorative illustrations, to an inquiry into how visual design can induce positive emotions in learners. The results of the studies included in this section are in line with Moreno’s Cognitive Affective Theory of Learning with Media (CATLM; Moreno, 2006) and show how emotion and interest facilitate cognitive processing and improve cognitive and affective outcomes.

The Jammu & Kashmir National Conference is also known as the JKNC. The political party for the Jammu & Kashmir state of India. The party dominated in the state politics for many years under the leadership of Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah during the 1947 movement for Independence. In October, 1932, Sheikh Abdullah founded the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference. On June 11, 1939 it was renamed as the All Jammu and Kashmir National Conference. The National Conference was affiliated to the All India States Peoples Conference and in 1947 Sheikh Abdullah was elected president of it. In 1946, the National Conference launched an intensive agitation against the state government. It was directed against the Maharaja. The slogan of the agitation was "Quit Kashmir'

Vethathiri Maharishi transformed himself into a profound philosopher, a scientist of the highest order, a reformer, a supreme literary figure and finally a great Mahan with disciples and admirers all over the world. He has formulated a practical and simple method called Simplified Kundalini Yoga that has brought the great science of YOGA within the reach of everyone. SKY YOGA is a method aimed to change the very thought pattern of the individual in order to bring about a total transformation and lead him to peace and perfection. SKY YOGA aims at creating the types of harmony are Individual, Family and World.

Learning, therefore, provides a key to the structure of our personality and behavior. An individual starts learning immediately after his birth or in a strict sense even earlier in the womb of the mother. The ability to learn is possessed by humans and animals. Human learning may occur as part of education, personal development or training. Learning is a relatively enduring change in behavior which is a function of prior behavior usually called practice (Melvin & Mark, 1971). Quality education is a crucial issue which revolves around the availability and quality of infrastructure, support services and instructional time in the school teacher characteristics and teacher motivation, pre-service and in service education of teacher’s curriculum and teaching learning materials etc. Alton Lee (2003) suggested that quality education provides sufficient and effective opportunity to learn. Variety of classroom activities adopted by the teachers make the learning programme interesting, encouraging and memorable through active participation of the students in learning process.

In the quickly shifting worldwide economy, the only vital value for an venture is the experience, skills, innovativeness and insights of its manpower resources they are the key components in every organization. Aggressive organizations of the present have to attract and retain the best and outstanding manpower to remain competitive in the market. This research identifies Internet recruitment methods from relevant literature, and describes how their benefits of online recruitment can influence the recruitment decision making of the organization. Today, one of the most critical sources of competitive gain is based on human resource efforts through attracting and retaining talented individuals. The internet has helped in attracting potential candidates to an organization from the recruitment process, which is referred to as ERecruitment. The practice of issuing a vacant position and applying for a job via a website has increasd progressively. The purpose of this paper is to expand the research on the online Recruitment practices for the entire development of the organization with focus on E-Recruitment practices and trends, to identify what E-Recruitment methods are being used and what benefits are being experienced by organizations using these methods.

Rural migration and its relationship to the rural environment have attracted increasing research interest in recent decades. Rural migration constitutes a key component of human population movement, while rural areas contain most of the world’s natural resources such as land and forests. This study empirically evaluates a conceptual framework incorporating rural household livelihoods as an integrative mediating factor between rural migration and the rural environment in the context of rural-to-urban labor migration in India. The economic divide between urban and rural sectors coupled with the unbalanced growth within the rural economy, is a major hurdle in the growth of Indian Economy. The existing governmentrun employment schemes are subsidized credit based schemes, which are good for any feasible project. However, with the kind of educational and e conomi cal background of rural population, there is a need to go a step backward and show them a way to mobilize what they have in terms of possible resources.

This study based on review of literature. Stress plays a part in the lives of everyone. Some stress is not only inevitable, it can be good. For example, the physical stress of “working out” improves your cardiovascular system, and feeling pressure that causes you to study harder for an exam can improve your score. Police stress, however, refers to the negative pressures related to police work. Police officers are not super humans. Occupational stress among police is often viewed as an unlucky, but expected part of police work. Police are like a real heroes, but most of people are unaware the amount of stress that police face every day. Policing is a risky and stressful occupation (Anderson, Litzenberger, & Plecas, 2002; Berg, Hem, Lau, Håseth, & Ekeberg, 2005; Liberman et al., 2002). Acute stress is inherent in police work (Anshel, 2000). Experiences from police work can cause psychological strain and working as a police officer can increase the risk of experiencing psychological discomfort, such as symptoms of stress (Arrendondo et al., 2002). A female police officer may undergo even more scrutiny or stress than her male counterparts.

A comprehensive literature review to understand the concept of healthcare service quality, determine the factors affecting service quality and identify those that have asignificant impact on the perception regarding quality of healthcare service. Literature review was performed to identify the determinants ofpatient satisfaction. Lastly, this paper offers the valuable suggestions/observations from the reviews and findings.

The purpose of the present study was to compare aerobic capac it y and Mus cular strength and endurance on the specific fitness training among the tribal and non tribal school boys. To achieve the purpose 100 subjects were selected from the Tribal and Non-Tribal school boys of the South Karnataka state. Aerobic capacity and Mus cular str ength and Endurance were measured by the Queen college step test based on the aerobic sprint test (RAST). The data was collected before and after the treatment of 12 weeks for three days in a week. The collected data was analyzed using the t test and the Anova and Analysis of Covariance were also used. The result of the study showed a significant difference in the aerobic capacity and muscular strength and endurance of the tribal and non tribal school boys.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Literacy and usage of Social Networking Sites among students of Priyadarshini Engineering College, Vaniyambadi. A Well structured questionnaire was prepared. 280 quesstionnaire were distributed and received back 262 from the respondents. The overall response rate 93.57% in this study. The study revealed that around 86% of the respondents were agree with information sharing is the major purpose. Half of the respondents were expressed always affecting the academic performance wit h accessing SNS. Around 89% of the respondents were very knowledgeable about using Whatsapp.

In India we come across a special type of social stratification in the form of caste region, religion, language, habitation etc. When the society is divided in social sub-groups based on habitual, Muslims emerge as a typical group which is unique in character in many ways. It is revealed from census reports that in India more than 18 crores of people belong to officially named Muslims. They have been suffering immensely from socio - economic conditions throughout several centuries.

His Grace Mar Abimalek Timotheus was born on 28th August 1878, in Iran. Mar Timotheus was the Metropolitan of Malabar and India. He was ordained a deacon in 1903 and made a priest and Archdeacon in 1904 by Patriarch Mar Benjamin Shimun XXI. He was ordained as a Bishop and elevated as Metropolitan of Malabar and India by the same Patriarch in 1907. He arrived at Trichur on February 27th 1908. Mar Timotheus was a divine man who truly served God. He ruled the Church of the East in India for 37 long years. He had so much discernment and he also had power to heal the sick. The Assyrian Church of the East locally known as Chaldean Syrian Church is flourishing in India because of his tireless effort. There are 30,000 members in India mainly in Thrissur and Kerala. There are 400,000 members throughout the world. We are learning about this ancient church which even our forefathers did not know.

Todays students grew up with Internet access, YouTube, Face book, and a host of other digital resources.These students understand digital learning. So,in the past few years there has been a significant rise in the use and interest in a teaching and learning paradigm most commonly known as the flipped classroom. In this model, some or most of the direct instruction is delivered outside the group learning space using video or other modes of delivery. Class time is used for students to engage in hands-on learning, collaborate with their peers and evaluate their progress rather than traditional direct instruction delivery. The flipped model supported by the constructivist theory, should enable learners to engage in interactive , creative , and collaborative activities during knowledge construction. The flipped model puts more of the responsibility for learning on the shoulders of students while giving them greater drive to experiment. The role of the instructor in the flipped classroom model plays a very important role.

Security is one of the main issues in the MANET especially with respect to size and complexity of the network. The aim of the thesis is to discuss different aspects of security in MANET (e.g. multi-layer intrusion detection technique in multi hop network of MANET, security problems relates between multichip network and mobile nodes in MANET etc) and also implement some of the solutions (e.g. comparative study of different routing protocol (AODV, DSR and TORA) security threats within MANET network like intruder behavior, tapping and integrity, MANET link layer and network layer operations with respect to information security etc) with respect to MANET network. This paper also discusses different number of scenarios of MANET network which we implement in our simulation. In our simulation we use to implement different routing protocols and also did comparative study that which one is better with respect to different aspects.

The co-operative sector has played an important role in the state as well as Indian economy. The state of Maharashtra has been the foremost ranking state in the country in respect of organizing the co-operative movement. Cooperative movement has been approach making event in the social as well as economical life in Maharashtra. The co-operative sector played it assigned role in the field of banking, dairy, sugar industry, trade, agricultural etc. So cooperative is not a new concept in Maharashtra. It has a long history. The beginning of the co-operative movement in various walks of life has established new milestone in the welfare of the individual and society.

computer virus is self executable code able to reproduce itself. It area of pure programming and like other computer programs they have totally different. They have to fight for survival in complex conditions of conflicting computer system. The purposes of the research is to expore the impact of computer virus attack and provide guidelines on how individuals can protect their personal computer against virus attack. It is important to address the virus attack and preventive mechanism among the personal computer users in these electronic global worlds.

The paper consists the retros- pect of the self help groups wherein the study of the various of authors have been taken into consideration. The majorly study concentrate on how marketing is important aspect for the self help group. Major of the author have given due importance for the women empowerment, training and all.

Black Feminism emerged out of resistance to the exclusion of race issues from the outline of the modern women’s movement. The centre of this thought focused on pertinent issues defining the black female experience that had been earlier disregarded by the women’s movement. Black women came together to form their own organizations which focused on lot of issues in their lives. They dealt withseveral themes, which included the necessity of black feminism’s total commitment to the liberation of black women and it’s recognition of black women as valuable beings. Black feminist thought included other important tenets like the political awareness of how race, class, and gender work together as oppressive forces. In other words, the basis of black feminist thought consisted of the personal and political awareness of how race, class, and gender work simultaneously as oppressors. These oppressors were interwoven into social structures, and worked together to define the history of the lives of black women.

Sports players and Children are participated in sport and other recreational activity. There has been increase in acute and overuse injuries. This study will help to volume of books of knowledge as far as distribution of causes, nature of injury and use of Technology to prevent them. Sport person understand how to technique of management and prevention of injury. Some treatment methods like Ultrasound, Cryothe rapy etc will helpful for healing injury in fulfill manner.

In India, migrants from the villages and towns to cities predominate, resulting in breaking up of families into nuclear families. The aged who are left behind have to fend for themselves. This is leading to an increased danger of marginalization of the geriatric population due to migration, urbanization, and globalization. Another impact of the globalization is the increasing property rights and other social security measures. The study find outs 55 percent of respondents in urban were financially fully dependents followed by (54%) of the rural respondents. 98 percent of the respondents in urban were emotionally support expected from children with Elderly women followed by 49 percent in rural. WHO has proposed an “Ac ti ve Ageing Frame work ” that can help policymakers in India to design programmes that canim prove the overall quality of life of elderly women by focusing on three pillars i.e. Community Participation, Security and Health & well-being.