The term IOT refers uniquely identifiable physical object connected to the internet. Research has been carried out with IOT in various fields like smart cities, industrial automation, home automation, agricultural production, bus transportation system, supply chain management, insurance and healthcare,etc., This paper address the challenges, benefits while implementing IOT in the above mentioned fields.

Many techniques are used to hide data in various formats in stegnography. The most widely used mechanism on account of its simplicity is the use of Least Significant Bit. LSB is normally used to hide data in a digital image. The other bits may be used but it is highly likely that image would be distorted. This paper discusses the art and science of stegnography in general and proposes new technique to hide data in an image using the concept of LSB.

The present study deals with the evaluation of mechanical properties of aluminium alloy (Al6061) metal matrix composites reinforced with fused zirconia alumina (ZA-40) bonded abrasive particles which were fabricated by stir casting method. The sample specimens were prepared by varying the percentage of weight fraction of reinforced particles as 5,10,15 and the remaining aluminium alloy respectively. The mechanical properties were analysed. The evaluation of mechanical properties indicates variations in tensile strength, hardness and impact strength with respect to composite combinations. From the experimental studies, the optimum weight percentage of the matrix and reinforcement on the basis of mechanical properties was found to be 90 and 10 respectively

The present study deals with the investigation of mechanical properties of aluminium alloy (Al6063) based hybrid metal matrix composite reinforced with silicon carbide, magnesium and fly ash which were produced by stir casting method. The sample specimens were made by varying the percentage of reinforcement with respect to aluminium alloy. The evaluation of mechanical properties indicates variations in tensile strength, hardness and impact strength with respect to composite combinations. From the experimental results, it is inferred that, to obtain optimum tensile, hardness and impact properties, the percentage of aluminium, silicon carbide, magnesium and fly ash should be 90, 5, 5 and 0 respectively.

Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding is a commonly used welding technique due to its versatility and ease that can be maintained in almost all type of working conditions. Stainless Steel possessing high strength and toughness is usually known to offer major challenges during its welding. The current study presents some fundamental observations on the effect of TIG welding process on the mechanical and metallurgical properties such as hardness, microstructure and tensile strength of the high temperature material Stainless steel 310. The TIG welding is selected in this investigation due to its wide range of applications over the high temperature materials. The welding was done on specimens with different process parameters like welding current, shielding gas. The mechanical properties like tensile, Vickers hardness test have been carried out for the weld samples. Microstructure studies have been carried out for Base Metal (BM), Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) and Weld Zone (WZ). From these test results, the welding properties were compared and the optimal parametric point was found

Mining high utility itemsets from databases is an emerging topic in data mining, which refers to the discovery of itemsets with utilities higher than a user-specified minimum utility threshold min_util. In the existing system, the compact and lossless representation of HUIs from closed high utility itemsets, three efficient algorithms are used AprioriHC (Apriori-based algorithm for mining High utility Closed itemsets), AprioriHC-D (AprioriHC algorithm with Discarding unpromising and isolated items) and CHUD (Closed High Utility Itemset Discovery) to find thi representation. In this project two efficient algorithms are proposed to reduce competition and also high utilities. There are: (1) AprioriHC-MINEX (AprioriHC algorithm with MINEX) and (2) AprioriHC-NDI (AprioriHC algorithm with Non-Derivable Itemsets) to find Concise representation. In AprioriHC-MINEX algorithm explores the itemset lattice, starting from the empty set and stopping at the level of the largest frequent free-sets. At each iteration of this loop, it scans the database to find out which candidates of size i are frequent free-sets. Then, it generates candidates for the next iteration, taking every set of size i +1 such that all proper subsets are frequent free-sets. The algorithm finishes when there are no more candidates. In AprioriHC-NDI algorithm uses a level-wise algorithm to find all frequent NDIs. This algorithm use rules up to depth k if

In a diesel engine, the fuel-air mixture is introduced at room temperature and burned inside the cylinder. After the fuel is burned, the combustion products are discharged at atmospheric pressure and high temperature. The heat generated during the combustion of fuel is partially converted into work to drive the car (or any load) and remaining is wasted to the atmosphere through exhaust gas and coolant. The heat generated by the combustion of fuel is converted into the work because of the pressure created by the combustion process. The efficiency of the engines is between 20% and 30%. This paper highlights provision for incorporating a heating vessel for preheating air before admitting in to the cylinder of a diesel engine. The heating vessel comprises heating elements for heating the air flowing past said heating element, and a body for mechanically holding and electrically contacting said heating element. The effect of preheated air on standard diesel fuel engine indicated a good result on emission control. NOx and CO emissions at intake air temperature of 550C were less when compared at intake air temperature of 320 C. Higher inlet air temperature causes lower ignition delay, which is responsible for lower NOx formation. Uniform or better combustion is occurred due to pre-heating of inlet air, which also causes lower engine noise. Easy vaporization and better mixing of air and fuel occur due to warm up of inlet air, which causes lower CO emission.

This paper presents an overview of research status and development trend of piezo electric materials and their role in production of ultrasonic waves for various enormous applications in various fields. Ultrasonic production attracts more attention due to its simplicity, lower expenses, good applicability and no reservoir pollution. Through the review of the development of ultrasonic production for various application in various fields, this paper summarize the recent research progress in ultrasonic production technique i.e. piezo electric method. Finally, development trend of ultrasonic production technique by piezo electric method are given. Lower cost of ultrasonic power made possible by advances in electromechanical power conversion materials and power semiconductors has greatly contributed to the practicality of ultrasonic equipment. Yet the main reason behind the growth of power ultrasound is the ability to perform some unique jobs that save money and have become indispensable in modern manufacturing. Not all attempts to implement ultrasonic power devices have been successful, but commercial success is a function of technological state of the art and the need for the process. While stressing the more established applications, this article takes a broader look at the uses of high frequency mechanical vibratory energy, outlining the advantages and the limitations of each process.

Mobile Cloud Storage acts as the primary file storage for the mobile devices. Data privacy is a very important concern in such cloud storage devices because the mobile device users to store and retrieve files or data on the cloud through wireless communication, which improves the data availability and facilitates the file sharing process without draining the local mobile device resources. In this, a traffic and energy saving encrypted search scheme is used for simplified search and retrieval process that reduces the network traffic for the communication of the selected index and reduces the file retrieval time. This scheme involves three processes such as the process of authentication is used by the data owner to authenticate the data users. The file set and its index are stored in the cloud after being encrypted by the data owner during the preprocessing and indexing stages. The data user searches the files corresponding to a keyword by sending a request to the cloud server in the search and retrieval processes.

Social recommendation is popular and successful among various urban sustainable applications like products recommendation, online sharing and shopping services. Users make use of these applications to form several implicit social networks through their daily social interactions. The users in such social networks can rate some interesting items and give comments. The majority of the existing studies investigate the rating prediction and recommendation of items based on user-item bipartite graph and user-user social graph, so called social recommendation. However, the spatial factor was not considered in their recommendation mechanisms. With the rapid development of the service of locationbased social networks, the spatial information gradually affects the quality and correlation of rating and recommendation of items. This paper proposes spatial social union (SSU), an approach of similarity measurement between two users that integrates the interconnection among users, items and locations. The SSU-aware location-sensitive recommendation algorithm is then devised. This project evaluates and compares the proposed approach with the existing rating prediction and item recommendation algorithms. The results show that the proposed SSU-aware recommendation algorithm is more effective in recommending items with the better consideration of user’s preference and location.

The evolution of the Smart Grid heavily relies on the utilization and integration of modern information technologies. The main challenges of smart grids are how to manage and process huge amount of data received from smart meters. For managing and storing the huge amount of data received from these devices cloud servers are used because it has been used popularly for storing and managing the data. In this a Smart-Frame, secure information management framework is designed for smart grids based on cloud computing technology. The idea behind the scheme is at three hierarchical levels: top, regional, and end-user levels in which the first two levels consist of cloud computing centers that are responsible for managing general devices and data accumulation while the last level contains end-user smart devices. Sensitive data stored in the cloud must be protected from being read in the clear by a cloud provider that is honest but curious. Additionally, cloud-based data are increasingly being accessed by resource-constrained mobile devices for which the processing and communication cost must be minimized. So, in addition to this framework, an identity based advanced encryption schemes are also used for preventing the information leakage

The recently increasing development of whole sky imagers enables temporal and spatial highresolution sky observations. Thin cloud detection for all-sky images is a challenge in ground-based sky-imaging systems because of low contrast and vague boundaries between cloud and sky regions. With an initially over segmented image, in which many regions or superpixels with homogeneous color are detected, an image segmentation is performed by iteratively merging the regions according to a statistical test. During the estimation, thin cloud is detected by minimizing the posterior energy with an iterative procedure. In our proposed algorithm, a series of superpixels could be obtained adaptively by SPS algorithm according to the characteristics of clouds. The k-nearest neighbor classifier is used due to its high performance in solving complex issues, simplicity of implementation and low computational complexity. Seven different sky conditions are distinguished: high thin clouds, high patched cumuliform clouds, stratocumulus clouds, low cumuliform clouds, thick clouds, strati form clouds and clear sky. First calculate a local threshold for each super pixel and then determine a threshold matrix for the whole image. Finally, cloud can be detected by comparing with the obtained threshold matrix. Both subjective and objective evaluation results demonstrate higher accuracy of the algorithm compared with some other algorithms. Experiments on real natural images are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed super pixel segmentation algorithm.

The interest in using natural fibres as reinforcement in polymers are increased significantly during these last few years. Natural fibres are not only strong, lightweight, but also cheap and degradable. In this work, investigation is carried out on jute fibre reinforced hybrid polymer composite. This work describes the vibrational behaviour of prepared composite consists of jute as reinforcement in thermal environment. The composites are manufactured as hand lay-up technique. Three parameters- curing temperature, fibre volume fraction and fibre orientation are varied. Then 9 samples are selected using TAGUCHI design of experiment technique. Thermal environment is provided by using hot air oven. By applying buckling load, the behaviour and mechanical properties of specimens are analysed using ANOVA technique

The tribological behaviour of powder metallurgy-processed AZ61 magnesium alloy was investigated using pin-on-disc equipment. The density, porosity, hardness, microstructure and abrasive wear behaviour of the alloy were evaluated. Microstructural characterization of AZ61 Mg alloy showed normally uniform composition distribution. As compared with cast AZ61 Mg, the density and hardness values of AZ61 P/M Mg were decreased. The abrasive wear tests showed that the wear loss of AZ61 P/M Mg was increased 14% than AZ61 cast Mg. This was due to the strong particulate-matrix bonding and high hardness of the AZ61 cast Mg

From the last few years, Jute fibers are being looked at as an alternative reinforcement material in the development of composites in a variety of engineering fields. Jute fiber has some exceptional properties such as bio-degradability, low cost, moderate mechanical properties. These properties along with its easy availability have made it suitable to use as a reinforcement material in the ongoing development of composite containing polymer matrix. Hence, Jute fibers can replace commonly used synthetic fiber along the lines of Kevlar, glass fiber etc., in composite material. Also, matrix used here is hybrid polymer matrix which is a mixture of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and General Purpose Resin instead of pure synthetic matrix. This combination of reinforced composite can be utilized in diverse engineering applications. In this work, Jute fiber reinforced Hybrid resin (CNSL and GP) composites are fabricated by using hand lay up technique. Volume percentage of jute fiber in reinforcement (3%, 6%, 9%), specimen thickness (2mm, 3mm, 4mm) and fiber length (30mm, 100mm, 350mm) are the parameters varied in the respective mold dimensions. The experimental plan was developed according to TAGUCHI’s Design of Experiments. The testing is performed using cantilever fixture. By applying impact, the response of the system is analyzed by utilizing “DEWEsoft” software. Using the ANNOVA technique, influence of different vibration frequencies was investigated.

In recent years the use of Ceramic Reinforced Aluminum matrix composite material has increased very rapidly due to their high weight to strength ratio, low density, low thermal expansion coefficient, low maintenance and high temperature resistance. Metal Matrix Composites are widely used in aerospace and automotive engine components. The aluminum alloys are reinforced with ceramics like Alumina, Boron Carbide and Titanium Carbideetc and fabricated by stir casting,spray deposition, powder metallurgyprocedures etc. Heat treatment significantly affects the microstructure and enhances mechanical properties of these composites.In this paper the various research studies on heat treatment of aluminum matrix composites is reviewed with major focus on the heat treatment procedures, parameters, microstructure and mechanical properties. The scope for further research in this area is also discussed.