The United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of V iolence against W omen (DEV AW) defines it as:“Any act of gender-based violence that r esults in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including thr eats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty , whether occurring in public or in private life.” (DEV AW , Article 1)The overwhelming majority of women who work in the informal sector are totally denied any kind of maternity entitlements and get no breaks for breastfeeding their children.Both men and women are victims of violence. However , women suffer both fr om the same sorts of violence as men, as well other forms of violence that happen only or mostly to women, because they are women.V iolence is using or thr eatening for ce, causing injury .

This article deals with the Gonpa (monastic) education system and its contributions to education in the Himalayan Buddhist communities of Nepal. The article mainly focuses on access to Gonpa education, management systems, curriculum, teaching methods, human and financial resources and facilities in the Gonpas. Gonpa is the most trusted and important religious and educational Institution among the Buddhist communities in Nepal. It has historical, archeological, religious, educational and economic importance in Nepal. Traditionally , the Gonpas provided religious, cultural and moral education to the children and community as a whole. However , these days, the Gonpas have initiated providing the formal courses and skill to meet the present day needs of the individuals and the religious institutions.

Reasoning is a highly purposeful, controlled, selective thinking process. Learning usually results fr om the process of the reasoning. Broadly speaking dull child fails in two ways- first fr om inability to combine the relations and related data into a systematic whole, secondly fr om inability to sustain the direct idea that should guide the evolution of his appreciative process. Learning usually results fr om the process of the reasoning. The reasoning ability develops gradually

T oday the need of modern technology is of great importance in teaching and learning process, as it facilitates effective teaching and learning. Though it has a lot of applications in various fields, one should not for get its applications in the field of Education. If the teachers develop favourable attitude towar ds the use of modern technology in teaching, then they may try to make use of this technology often in teaching and it will in turn make the learning process simple and effective. The study of attitude towar ds the using modern technology in teaching and learning is a significant one and for which the investigator have decided to develop and standardize a scale to measure it.

Background and aim. Judgments about the level of academic achievement and efficiency of education are to rely on test results and examination of the specific objectives of education and makes clear . The purpose of this study was to obtain accurate information fr om basic science to teachers Anzali city Suitable for writing test questions, test principles and preparation of appropriate tests to assess the validity of traits measured. Methods and material. The secretary of the 4 groups 24 textbooks and research papers totaling 480 number plates were examined. In this study , thr ee questions about the quality tests of the fundamental principles of testing, Consistent with the objectives of education and was considered valid. Information obtained by a computer and analyzed using spss software was used. Results.

Foreign direct investment provide an inflow of foreign capital and funds, investment in addition to increases in the transfer of skills, technology and job oppurtunities.Foreign investment in India is announced by government of India name as FEMA (Foreign exchange management act).The Government's liberalization and economic reforms program was initiated in July 1991 under the new Industrial Policy Resolution. The Industrial policy reforms have substantially reduced the industrial licensing requirements, removed restrictions on expansion and facilitated easy access to foreign technology and Foreign Direct Investment. The main objective of this research paper is to know about the flows and impact of Foreign Direct Investment in India. The impact of Foreign direct investment on India is 51%.The decision to hold back Foreign direct Investment in Multi brand retail will have strong impact on the domestic and foreign investor segment. The current market situation in India on retail sector is one of the pillars of its economy an account for about 15% GDP(Gross domestic Product).The Retail market estimated to be US $450billion.India already allow Foreign direct investment in Cold Chain Infrastructure to the extent of 100%.India as the second most FDI destination after China for transnational corporations during 2010-2012. The sectors which attracted higher inflows were services, telecommunication, construction activities.FDI equity inflows in India during 2011-2012(Upto January 2012 122,307crore in us $26,192 million. The growth rate was 92%

Grounded theory methodology is a suitable qualitative research approach for phenomenological practices to social scientists, leading to theory development in social development. Given the variations in, and subjectivity attached to, the manner in which qualitative research is carried out, it is important for researchers to explain the process of how a theory about a social development phenomenon was generated. Similarly, when grounded theory research reports are reviewed for use, developmental professionals to look for the explanations of their inquiry process. The focus of this article is to discuss the practical application of grounded theory procedures as they relate to rigour especially the various issues involved in coding and interpretation of the sociological phenomenan. Reflecting on examples from a grounded theory research study, it suggests methods of research practice for ensuring, credibility, auditability and fittingness, which are all components of rigour. The eight methods of research practice used to enhance rigour in the course of conducting a grounded theory research study were: (1) let participants guide the inquiry process; (2) check the theoretical construction generated against participants' meanings of the phenomenon; (3) use participants' actual words in the theory; (4) articulate the researcher's personal views and insights about the phenomenon explored; (5) specify the criteria built into the researcher's thinking; (6) specify how and why participants in the study were selected; (7) delineate the scope of the research; and (8) describe how the literature relates to each category which emerged in the theory. The eight methods of research practice should be of use to those in developmental research, management, practice and education in enhancing rigour during the research process.

Sri Aurobindo Ghosh was not only one of the greatest philosopher and yogi but also one of the greatest political leader , social reformer and educationist of his time. He was a great patriot whose first concern was always the good of motherland. His philosophy not only gives an important place to individual and nation but also to humanity . According to him national scheme of education will not only be important fr om the point of view of needs of the country but also fr om standpoint of the needs of humanity . Each human being is a self developing soul and parents and teachers have to help him in this development. Thus the true education should take into account the individual, the nation and humanity .

When we keep on commenting on the education system in some or the other way, then we have before our eyes the school offering traditional and formal education. While thinking deeply about education system or style of teaching, it is felt that change needs to be introduced in this traditional education system. This is so because the type of citizen and student who is expected to face the challenges of the 21st century is not going to be moulded out of the traditional education system.