Human Resource Management is defined as the management process of an organization's human resources. The main responsibility of the human resource management is the attraction, selection, training, assessment, and rewarding of employees. It also takes care of the organizational leadership and culture and ensuring compliance with employment and labour laws. The HRM plays an important role in the recruitment and selection of the right candidate for the right job. The process of identification of different sources of personnel is known as recruitment. The main objective of the recruitment is to attract pool of applicants for the job. The next step is selection of the candidates for the job. Selection is a very crucial and negative process as the main objective of the selection process is to reject the unsuitable candidates. Selection of employees involves many steps to check the eligibility and selecting right candidate. Application forms and resume plays vital role in selecting the right candidate for the job. This helps the companies to know about the education background, skills, abilities, attitude and personality traits etc. Thus, companies give due importance to the application form and resume for selecting the right candidate.

It almost a decade of the formation of limited liability partnership, but still the corporate world is untouched about the benefit of such kind of hybrid form of organization. This paper traces the benefit of such hybrid form of organization along with the detailed analysis of the statutory provisions and the concepts used in the Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) Act, 2008 as well as the amendment took place throughout its working. This paper is also an attempt to show the usefulness of this new business form for professional services providers as well as small and medium size business concerns which can be a primary beneficiary of the Limited Liability Parnership Act.

In India government is the biggest provider of jobs to the people. According to an estimate in 1947, the strength of civil servants was 10 lakhs which rose to 20 lakhs in 1978 and became 30 lakhs in 1993.

Ethical challenges in integrated marketing communication Ethics play an integral role in the development and sustenance of any personal or business relationship. Ethics determine the acceptable behaviors within a society and the overall behaviors of a business. Marketers must understand the impact ethics have on marketing communications and develop Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) strategies accordingly.

Expert systems are the most important part in the field of artificial intelligence. This universal technology for representation expert knowledge into valuable computer program may be implemented in different scientific fields such as engineering, law, economy etc. Knowledge engineering has to elicit knowledge from domain expert and transform it in shape applicable for languages of artificial intelligence or shells prepared for load production rules. Expert system in investment domain, like many other domains, is a dynamically changing, stochastic and unpredictable environment. Take the stock market as an example; there are more than two thousand stocks available from which portfolio manager or individual investor may select. This poses a problem of filtering all those available stocks to find the ones that are worth investment. This system is tested on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). Through the intensive experimental tests, the system has successfully selected the most efficient portfolio based on individual investor. The results are very encouraging and can be implemented in a real-time expert system in stock.

The elected women representatives played an important role in addressing the development issues be it a reformation of state or protecting environment .The steps taken by them has got a national recognition. The women in Uttarakhand has crossed the reservation from 33% to 40 %. Despite the positive facts and figure the women has faced a lots of problem in contesting election and addressing the social issues in the region. The majority of the women panchayat representatives who are functioning are without training, orientation and technical knowledge on Panchayat Raj, rules, functions and duties. They are manipulated by bureaucrats, politicians and dominant power brokers in the villages. Most of the Elected Women Representatives (EWRs) faced the problems of non cooperation from the officials. These problems have slowed the pace of developmental works and also elected representatives to fully participate in the Panchayats. Needless to say that the women were not meant to be elected as the rest of the members, instead they were meant to be co-opted

Acetyl – CoA Carboxylase enzyme is triggering the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The enzyme consist of 4 subunits among thisBeta Subunit (accD) is the functional subunit of ACCase enzyme, which is present in plastid, transported into cytosol and assembles with other ACCase subunits such as AccA, AccBand AccC.In this study two fresh water microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmusobliquusand two marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana, Nannochloropsisgaditanawere taken for sequencing using designed accD primer based on already exist closest sequence of microalgae in database. Our results, suggests that the microalgae N. gaditana(738 bp)synthesize more fatty acids. It directly indicates the high level expression of accD gene due to faster transcriptional rate because of smaller gene size. The pairwise alignment showedC. vulgaris and N. gaditana had 69% similarity than other pairs.

The present research consists in a descriptive study that verified the applicability of the main ideas of quality management through the fulfillment of standards and legislation relevant to the management of the quality of milk. This research was descriptive bibliographic, culminating with a Case Study with primary data collection. The data used were collected through a questionnaire on during the field survey in a sample of 60 and two producers of milk in the District New Star, situated municipality of Rolim de Moura - RO, in order to check the mode of management of rural properties, especially with respect to the premises, equipment...

In the IT era Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals are provides valuable electronic services to the users. E-learning is to explore and to accumulate useful knowledge over and above faster copying, searching and to distributing.

Education is the tool for transforming society towards progression. Women empowerment is a crucial tool for accessing the social development of the nation. It is observed in our society where the women's literacy is high that state is making substantial contribution in overall development of the nation/community. In this paper the author has explained various dimensions which are closely associated with improving status of women leading towards empowerment. The detail discussion about the problems related to education of girl such as cost of education, access to education, affordability of educational expenses, school environment etc. are closely connected with women's education. National policy on education constitutional and legal framework, international efforts etc. are discussed in detail. The paper concluded by stating unless there is a commitment either from the government or from the civil society the situation of women's education is not going to change.

As regard to the women empowerment it is not the fact that the efforts have not been made. It has been made from the first five year plan through enacting various laws and regulations. Substantial provisions has been made to protect women from the suffering among them Hindu succession act, dowry prohibition act, equal remuneration act are some of the mile stones of women empowerment. At policy level government is taking necessary action. In first five year plan the emphasis was given on welfare of women, since then government is making its sincere efforts. The constitution of India gives guarantee to provide equal status in most of the walks of the life. The details about the various efforts made by the government through five year plans are discussed in this paper.

Low sex ratio is one of the main characteristics of Indian society. Since 1901 consistently decline in sex ratio is observed in various states except Kerala and some part of the North Eastern tribal states. The composition of women in general population varies from state to state depending upon availability of health services, general educational level of he population, women's participation in public life are closely associated with the sex composition of the general population. The distribution pattern of male and female in a population affects relative role at economic relationship. Here are different tools to measure gender equality in a population. Sex ratio is one such widely used tool for cross-sectional analysis for gender balance. This paper highlights the sex composition in Indian population.

This model addresses the precise an analytically derived model for the current distribution on a resistive electrode subject to Butler-Volmer kinetics, with parameters typical to copper plating. The deposit thickness uniformity in copper metalized semiconductor wafers is adversely affected by the limited conductivity of the thin copper seed layer. It is noted that, as expected, the current distribution is more uniform when a less conductive electrolyte is used and when the electrode kinetics are slow down. The resistive substrate tends to cause the copper to plate primarily near the terminal contact at the wafer edge. Models for this terminal-effect have been presented for simpler electrode configurations using unrealistically simplified, linear electrode polarization. The predicted current distributions are compared to numerical simulations using electrochemical computer aided design (CAD) software program, is a freeware program written in MATLAB4, 5 .

In this paper, the author addresses the urban sustainable governancequestion through the lens of social and territorial transversal multi scalar approach. Which sustainable urban governance is relevant to overcome social and territorial inequalities?The author adopted for a methodology which consists in exposing the inventory of fixtures of urban changes in Tunisia in their synchronic situation and transversal levels. He studiedurban changes atdifferent territory levels (local and global), and in a diachronic way. Territorial fragmentation in Tunisia is not a matter of a mere physical regional disparities, but they are, rather, geographical, political, social, and cultural ones. Since, the independency, the Nation-State undertook several developments plans entailing a deep gap between the Hinterland and the hinter world. During the last four decades, economic, and social policies were dominated by the off-shore investments. The Law 1972 exonerated them from paying taxes during the first ten years of activities in Tunisia. The consequence was the development of the coastal areas and the exclusion of the hinterland. Tunis Metropolis and the North-eastmonopolized most economic, social, and cultural projects. The acute poverty, and social exclusion in many left behind areas such as: Center West and South West of Tunisia entailed a growing uprising. Since 2008 in Gafsa, 2010, in Ben Gardane, many protests and clashes opposed protesters against local authorities. In December,17th, 2010, when Mohamed Al Bouazizi, a young ambulant merchant, set himself on fire to protest against oppression and injustice. The protest widespread all over Tunisia, and crowds of protesters gathered in front of the Interior Ministry in Tunis and ousted the former president Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali in th January, 14 , 2011. Beyond the revolution, the successive transitional governments have been facing serious problems: unemployment of youngsters, unequal social and regional development. The Democratic transition is still adrift due to acute controversies, and lack of consensus hampering the implementation of a constitution that should guarantee full universal human rights and equal sustainable social and urban governance.

Baba Sahib analysis of the origins of the untouchability and his action plans for its eradication were different from the approach and practice of the caste Hindu social reformers. What distinguished Baba Sahib from the other social reformers was that he looked at the problems of the Dalits from below, from a vantage point of the deprived and oppressed. This perspective led him to think differently from the dominant stream of social and political thought of his time. His major works on: Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development; Annihilation of Caste; Who Were the Shudras; The Untouchables: Who Were They and Why They Became Untouchables? are testimonies to his independent and original thinking. He smashed the mythological basis of untouchability and laid bare its economic roots.

Background: Poisoning by substances of abuse in Morocco is a public health problem. The aim of this retrospective study of a case series is to describe the distribution of poisoning by substances of abuse reported to Moroccan Poison Control Center (CAPM) to identify risk factors influencing the occurrence of death. Methods: This is a retrospective study from 1980 to 2009, for all cases of poisoning by substances of abuse reported to CAPM. Results: 1941 cases of poisoning by substances of abuse were collected. The most represented region was the Grand Casablanca (31.6%) followed by Tadla-Azilal (12.9%). The average age of intoxicated patients was 21.8 ± 9.4 years with a sex ratio (M/F) of 5.3. The most affected age group was adults (62.2%). The mixture Called “Mâajoune” was the most offending (62.6%), followed by cannabis (22.8%), drugs (5.2%) and alcohols (4%). The addictive circumstance was the most frequent (47.6%), followed by accidental circumstance (44.5%). Oral route was the most encountered (89.4%). The most frequently signs encountered were gastrointestinal signs (47.2%), followed by signs of central and peripheral nervous system (27.6%) and disorders of heart rate and rhythm (10.4%). 32 cases of death were reported. Risk factors associated with death were the alcohol methanol, the addictive circumstance and the disorders of the frequency and pulse. Conclusion: Reporting cases of poisoning by substances of abuse to CAPM is necessary to generate alerts on new substances or practices and to identify risk factors of death.

Background: Poisoning by substances of abuse in Morocco is a public health problem. The aim of this retrospective study of a case series is to describe the distribution of poisoning by substances of abuse reported to Moroccan Poison Control Center (CAPM) to identify risk factors influencing the occurrence of death. Methods: This is a retrospective study from 1980 to 2009, for all cases of poisoning by substances of abuse reported to CAPM. Results: 1941 cases of poisoning by substances of abuse were collected. The most represented region was the Grand Casablanca (31.6%) followed by Tadla-Azilal (12.9%). The average age of intoxicated patients was 21.8 ± 9.4 years with a sex ratio (M/F) of 5.3. The most affected age group was adults (62.2%). The mixture Called “Mâajoune” was the most offending (62.6%), followed by cannabis (22.8%), drugs (5.2%) and alcohols (4%). The addictive circumstance was the most frequent (47.6%), followed by accidental circumstance (44.5%). Oral route was the most encountered (89.4%). The most frequently signs encountered were gastrointestinal signs (47.2%), followed by signs of central and peripheral nervous system (27.6%) and disorders of heart rate and rhythm (10.4%). 32 cases of death were reported. Risk factors associated with death were the alcohol methanol, the addictive circumstance and the disorders of the frequency and pulse. Conclusion: Reporting cases of poisoning by substances of abuse to CAPM is necessary to generate alerts on new substances or practices and to identify risk factors of death.

There is lot of social networking sites in India. Library and Information Science Links (LIS Links) is the India's first and largest social network site for library professionals. The purpose of the study was to explore LIS links as an active social network site for Library and Information Science professionals' career development skill. It creates impact among library and information science professionals not only in India around the world. Library and Information Science Links (LIS Links) plays a vital role in career development skills like Jobs, Discussions, and updates of latest News, Events and Professional Chat etc. Present article deals with the impact of LIS Links in career development skills among Library and Information Science Professionals of Chennai city

Parents are the first persons in the family who care the children with disabilities or children with mental retardation. Parents face difficulty while discussing occurred matters with their children. There may be some another reason. Many parents are worried about the isolation with their children with mental retardation will face as adults in terms of education, participation, responsibilities life experiences etc. Mentally handicapped children and adults have a right to education in the field of their interest and requirement and it can be possible with the concept of inclusive education with keeping the view in sense that every individual have right of to live their life as others. In education of the mentally retarded individual levels must be gain importance for training. The explanation must be adapted to their ability. Simple and user friendly material is needed for instruction and information. Much can be explained through role playing using everyday situations and language.

This paper is an attempt to analyze the various factors that led to equitable growth in the East Asian economies and whether there is scope for such process to be replicated in other developing countries without availing support from the advanced industrialized nations. Accordingly, the paper discusses the recipe behind this so-called East Asian Miracle, and on that basis, the policy alternatives that could base as the lessons for other developing economies.

The conquest and colonization of the Tamil Country by the Kings of Vijayanagara have not received sufficient attention in the field of South Indian History. How and when the Tamil Country was conquered and what kind of administrative system was introduced by them, remain interesting problems. The generally accepted date of the foundation of Vijayanagara is A. D. 1336 during the Reign of the Hoysala Ruler, Ballala III. After his lamented death in A. D. 1342 in his struggle with Sultan Ghias-ud-din of Madura (1341-42) at the Battle of Kannanur-Kuppam and after the mysterious disappearance of his son, Ballala IV, in about A. D. 1346, Harihara I regarded himself as the natural heir to the Hoysalas in the Karnataka Region which formed the nucleus of the Kingdom of Vijayanagara. The Rise of Vijayanagara coincided with the establishment of two Independent States in Tamil Country - Rajagambira Rajyam by the Sambuvarayas and Madurai Sultanate by the Afghans

he present research consists in a descriptive study that verified the applicability of the main ideas of quality management through the fulfillment of standards and legislation relevant to the management of the quality of milk. This research was descriptive bibliographic, culminating with a Case Study with primary data collection. The data used were collected through a questionnaire on during the field survey in a sample of 60 and two producers of milk in the District New Star, situated municipality of Rolim de Moura - RO, in order to check the mode of management of rural properties, especially with respect to the premises, equipment....

Accreditation and assessment are two very important processes that are carried out in order to maintain the quality of engineering education. Literature searches on accreditation and quality assurance of engineering education show that there is no uniform system of the assessment of engineering programmes worldwide. Although several accrediting bodies have been formed and are functioning across the world in order to accredit and recognise engineering courses, there is no common agreement or criteria that can be utilised in the accreditation and assessment of school education. The rapid growth of education globally require the proper maintenance of academic quality in educational institutions in order to withstand competition in the global market. Quality is a complex issue in education and should be seen in a holistic manner. Despite rapid development of educational evaluation and increased emphasis on quality issues in almost every strand of life, there is no simple view of a high quality education system. Good education is closely interconnected with cultural, political, social and economical contexts. Each education system that wishes to establish a quality assurance system within its structures, has to start this work by analysing various aspects of excellence in education and defining its own idea of quality. In the Present study investigator attempt to find out the significance difference of various groups of sex, student residents, type and nature of School in awareness on School Accreditation and Assessment in Central India among Principals Secondary students in Central India . The investigator himself developed a questionnaire on identifying awareness on School Accreditation and Assessment . The sample consists of 48 Principals of School students from Govt., aided and Self-finance Schools in Central India. The Stratified Random sampling technique is used for collecting data. In this study the Researcher adopted the Normative Survey Method. The data were analyzed using “t” test. The major finding of study reveals that the school Principals in Central have average level of awareness on School Accreditation and Assessment .

Rich in complexities and contradictions, the play is a fusion of different dimensions of human experience. It is the struggle of a man who is trying to strike a balance between the conflicting pulls of the self and the society. There is a struggle with the highly competitive materialistic society which tries to challenge his spiritual quest. The play exposes the American society divided into an unbridgeable gap between the rich and the poor. The play is about a person who is deeply spiritual and yearns for a genuine fulfillment, harmony and belongingness in a hostile world.

It is a spoken truth that workplace spirituality has taken care in due to the development and concerns for human factor. The literature review startsout by discussing relevance spirituality and work place as an approach to address the concept in descriptive way and too acknowledge the results of following different organizational patterns related to the term “workplace spirituality”. It then goes on to illustrate on different view point of authors, research scholars on the topic. How important is workplace spirituality in any organization for betterment. Breaking down the process of contemporary approach of workplace i.e. to run business for money making to holistic thinking (workplace spirituality). Itpromotes the employees benefits, values, creativity, and innovation.After looking at the frameworks &dimensions the review addresses the key positive measurement relationship between workplace spirituality &performance.

Due to our busy lives and rely on the consumption of junk food, leading to increase cholesterol levels in blood, that causes heart diseases. And according to the global trend in reduction of using medications that cause imbalance in the body's functions and the trend to use natural materials in the treatment of diseases, as they have no side effects on human health if used as doctor describe. The question is: Does the quality of olive oil have a role in its hypocholesterolamic effect? The present study aimed to determine the protective role of tow types olive oils on heart and liver tissues in rats fed on high cholesterol diet. Hypercholesterolaemia induced in male albino rats, by feeding on high cholesterol diets. Hypercholesterolaemia characterized by significant increase in the averages of total cholesterol and triglycerides, LDL and decreased levels of HDL. The study includes histological, histopathological and immunological studies, which delineated increase of fat droplets, degenerated hepatocytes, and increase in CD45RO expression in the hepatic tissue. Treatment with olive oils reduced the serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and increased the HDL levels. The histological picture of liver and heart reported improvents, and decrease in CD45RO expression in liver tissue.

Due to our busy lives and rely on the consumption of junk food, leading to increase cholesterol levels in blood, that causes heart diseases. And according to the global trend in reduction of using medications that cause imbalance in the body's functions and the trend to use natural materials in the treatment of diseases, as they have no side effects on human health if used as doctor describe. The question is: Does the quality of olive oil have a role in its hypocholesterolamic effect? The present study aimed to determine the protective role of tow types olive oils on heart and liver tissues in rats fed on high cholesterol diet. Hypercholesterolaemia induced in male albino rats, by feeding on high cholesterol diets. Hypercholesterolaemia characterized by significant increase in the averages of total cholesterol and triglycerides, LDL and decreased levels of HDL. The study includes histological, histopathological and immunological studies, which delineated increase of fat droplets, degenerated hepatocytes, and increase in CD45RO expression in the hepatic tissue. Treatment with olive oils reduced the serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and increased the HDL levels. The histological picture of liver and heart reported improvents, and decrease in CD45RO expression in liver tissue.

“Each woman who brings charges has a story to tell, and it is this collective voice that may, ultimately, have an impact on society.” (Muir and Mangus 1994, 104)

The study of the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance is an ambiguous theme. Several studies have focused on this topic by establishing a solid link between the firm performance and its ownership structure. However, empirical findings did not reach a consensus on the determinants of this relationship. This paper aims to investigate the impact of institutional ownership on the firm performance using a sample of 100 French start-ups for a period from 2004 to 2008. Our findings reveal that market liquidity affect significantly the relationship between institutions' shareholding and firm performance

The main factors of Morocco's territorial attractiveness remain abundant, cheap, and unskilled workforce, natural resources, and the proximity to Europe. The result is a high focus of Moroccan industrial sectors in activities with low technological content and marginalisation of high value-added industries that allow the transfer of technology and the know-how to Morocco. In addition, there is a limited foreign direct investment (FDI) on the productive fabric. This is due to the shortcomings of an absorptive capacity needed to acquire new technologies.

The synonymy of corruption with India has indeed left a bad taste in moth of global investors. Indian stocks witnessed a huge downgrade in valuations when the CWG and 2G scam were uncovered. Since then, investors have dumped every stock that has been even remotely in the news for being associated with a scam. But the problem does not end there. There's another scam that dwarfs absolutely everything that has occurred so far. And this scam answers to the name of money laundering. As per the results of a study on corruption, published by Rediff, the size of money laundered by Indians stands at staggering Rs 18.8 trillion. The same is apparently 1.2 times the overall size of corruption menace in the country. It is believed that it is time both the government and companies realize that being corrupt is no longer going to take them too far. “The primary purpose of corporate leadership is to create wealth legally and ethically. This translates to bringing a high level of satisfaction to five constituencies - customers, employees, investors, vendors and the society-at-large. The raison d'être of every corporate body is to ensure predictability, sustainability and profitability of revenues year after year.” - N. R. Narayana Murthy , Executive Chairman of Infosys

The detailed study of data is required to produce a consistent database, the knowledge base can be developed through the use of geopolitical indicators , are the link que makes communication possible for developing data model employed in decision making, the conscious exploration of resources and discriminated involved . Furthermore , developing an application that measures the degree of importance of indicators and turn them into que values can be used in the decision making elements , using for this the system can operate in situations of uncertainty , able to assign reliability levels for all sentences in its knowledge base , and relationships between sentences also establish themselves . And the specific objectives to priori are three goals : To investigate the geopolitical indicators to be used to populate the database; rate ease and accuracy with which people across disciplines can acquire information from a database and present the results obtained on decision trees and apply Bayes ' theorem . There are, among others, related to collegues , in many cases , the growth dynamics of emerging processes is associated with acceleration of urbanization , poverty reduction and the consequent expansion of the middle classes , with the addition of millions of new consumers in changes local and global economies . The impact of this process is particularly important . Regional development is constructed from four vectors : physical capital , human capital , technology and institutions . Where differences of stocks of these vectors result in differential flow of economic and social indicators . And develops a tool to aid in decision making to Improve understanding of information acquired over time.

Fed by false illusions of glory, World War I was considered as a just war from both sides. However, the war had a great impact on human beings. It affected not only those who were in the battlefield, but also those who were staying back. It dragged countless people of every walk of life directly and indirectly into the overall conflict. Instead of providing solution to problems it proved a source of innumerable issues that led to World War II, which are still unresolved. It plunged Europe into an abyss.

Improvement of quality in healthcare services has attained the status of a universal goal. Quality improvement directly hinges on the satisfaction levels derived by the patients availing the services. While patient satisfaction has been a richly researched domain internationally, the focus of research in India has been more intense on public sector care providers. The present study is an attempt to chronicle the levels of perceived satisfaction among the patients that have availed secondary care from private sector nursing homes in Davangere, a tier II city, which is centrally located in the state of Karnataka, India. The objectives of the study were: to measure the levels of perceived satisfaction among the patients that had availed secondary care from private sector healthcare providers; to break-down the overall satisfaction into doctor related, support-structure related and support-staff related elements; and to investigate into possible relationships between variables like age, education and income and the reported levels of perceived satisfaction. Perceived levels overall satisfaction was moderately high at about 72.54 percent. The Doctor-centric variables reported a higher level of satisfaction; the support-structure related variables were moderately satisfactory while those reflecting on the support-staff reported the lowest levels of satisfaction. The other important findings were that: the lower and upper age categories reported lower levels of satisfaction as compared to the intermediate age groups; satisfaction levels across different education categories was statistically similar; and middle income groups reported higher levels of satisfaction.

When we look to improve the overall growth and performance of the primary school going children in a systems approach, it is evident that the most important determinants comprise several entities like parents, teachers, peers, school environment and the child itself. Improvement in the quality of primary education, to a large extent, is linked to the quality of teaching and this in turn depends on the competencies possessed by the teachers. This research endeavor is an attempt to explore the relationship between the socioeconomic/demographic factors and the competencies possessed by the teacher. For the purposes of the present study, the necessary data was collected from 76 primary school teachers drawn from different schools in Davanagere district of Karnataka state. A pretested structured questionnaire was personally administered by the researcher during the period September 2013 to November 2013. The results show that teachers assign very high ratings to the need for 'acting as role models for their students' and gender does not play a significant role in determining this perception. Further, it was found that the variables like experience, gender, religion and the place of residence have no impact on the teachers' perceptions about their own roles and the competencies they possess. The study also reveals that place of residence of a teacher has no impact on the way they perceive the importance of demonstrating the experiments in the class. Further, the study reveals that religion has no bearing on teachers' perception about 'understanding the learning speed of a student and modifying teaching methodology accordingly'.

Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. Syn. A. agallocha Roxb. (Thymelaeceae) is a resinous tree and commonlyknown as agar or sasi. The tree is distributed in South and South East Asia (Donovan and Puri, 2004), from the foothills of the Himalayas to the rainforests of Papua New Guinea (Agarwoods keralam, 2013).

This model addresses the precise an analytically derived model for the current distribution on a resistive electrode subject to Butler-Volmer kinetics, with parameters typical to copper plating. The deposit thickness uniformity in copper metalized semiconductor wafers is adversely affected by the limited conductivity of the thin copper seed layer. It is noted that, as expected, the current distribution is more uniform when a less conductive electrolyte is used and when the electrode kinetics are slow down. The resistive substrate tends to cause the copper to plate primarily near the terminal contact at the wafer edge. Models for this terminal-effect have been presented for simpler electrode configurations using unrealistically simplified, linear electrode polarization. The predicted current distributions are compared to numerical simulations using electrochemical computer aided design (CAD) software program, is a freeware program written in MATLAB4, 5 .

This study was designed to investigate teachers' access and preparedness to use Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning inNsukka Education Zone, Enugu State, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. 204 teachers were selected using multi-stage stratified random sampling technique. Three research questions guided the study. The instruments used for data collection were Teacher's ICT Preparedness Scale (TICTPS) and Teachers ICT Access Scale (TICTAS). The data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that majority of the teachers in the zone do not have access to ICT facilities, some of the teachers are not prepared to use ICT facilities in teaching. Based on the findings, it was recommended that federal government should provide ICT facilities to schools in the country, organize in-service trainings that will enhance teachers' ICT skills, and that teachers on their own should find a way to improve their ICT skills

Over the last several decades, there has been a sharp decrease in rainfall in the Middle East in general, including Palestine in particular. Indeed, marked increases in the number of droughts, particularly in the southern and eastern slopes of the West-Bank have been noted. Unfortunately, there are projections of a further decline in rainfall in Palestine in the future, which will be particularly devastating to crop production, including native species. In this study, we sampled leaves of olive trees from 11 different regions of the Palestineto variation in water availability. We conducted stable carbon isotope analyses on these trees in order to better understand the variation in physiological responses (stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity that together determine ci/ca(inter-cellular leaf [CO ]/atmospheric [CO ])), of these trees 2 2 across their native range. The carbon isotope ratios of olive trees showed a full range of values that differed by approximately 6% (ranging from 23.6 to 29.2%). In addition, variation among regions with similar precipitation also presented. The oldest tree (possibly greater than 3,000 years old) had carbon isotope ratio values that are different from all of the younger trees. More specifically, this tree had an isotope value near - 29.0%that likely reflects higher stomatal conductance and higher ci/ca values. This study will put the base-stone for determining the degree to which olive responds to water availability and may allow us to choose the most appropriate genetic sources for continued success of olive production in the face of a rapidly changing climate in the region.

Over the last several decades, there has been a sharp decrease in rainfall in the Middle East in general, including Palestine in particular. Indeed, marked increases in the number of droughts, particularly in the southern and eastern slopes of the West-Bank have been noted. Unfortunately, there are projections of a further decline in rainfall in Palestine in the future, which will be particularly devastating to crop production, including native species. In this study, we sampled leaves of olive trees from 11 different regions of the Palestineto variation in water availability. We conducted stable carbon isotope analyses on these trees in order to better understand the variation in physiological responses (stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity that together determine ci/ca(inter-cellular leaf [CO ]/atmospheric [CO ])), of these trees 2 2 across their native range. The carbon isotope ratios of olive trees showed a full range of values that differed by approximately 6% (ranging from 23.6 to 29.2%). In addition, variation among regions with similar precipitation also presented. The oldest tree (possibly greater than 3,000 years old) had carbon isotope ratio values that are different from all of the younger trees. More specifically, this tree had an isotope value near - 29.0%that likely reflects higher stomatal conductance and higher ci/ca values. This study will put the base-stone for determining the degree to which olive responds to water availability and may allow us to choose the most appropriate genetic sources for continued success of olive production in the face of a rapidly changing climate in the region.

The incorporation of technology into teaching and research is one of the most important challenges for education today. It is time to move beyond the walls of our classrooms to join forces with other institutions and societies to revitalize education. The present paper focuses on the use of technology in teaching learning process that will greatly contribute to meet student needs for learning anywhere, anytime.

Cotton is considered the 'king of crops' and is native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa, and India. The major cotton producing countries are USA, China, India, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Egypt, Argentina, Australia, Greece, Brazil and Turkey. These countries contribute about 85% to the global Cotton production. Cotton is the most important fiber crop of the world and it is also one of the most widely grown commercial crops in India. Our country ranks among the top three cotton producers in the world, with the cultivated area being 11 mha, which is approximately one quarter of the world's cotton growing area of 43 mha. India is the second largest producer of cotton in the world after China, collectively accounting for over 21% of the global cotton production.(1)

This paper deals with the different aspect of women empowerment and mainly about the requirement of women empowerment in the present era. This paper explains some challenges to the path of women empowerment such as economic development that how lack of development in the society especially in infrastructure facilities including schools, colleges and health centres can create bottlenecks for the empowerment of the women, without development of the economy we can nor fulfil the dream of women empowerment because only development of the economy can make women capable to be a empowered women. Outdated social set up, culture and traditions also contribute to it with the help of some case studies. This paper emphasizes that women are one of the biggest challenge to realize the dream of women empowerment.

Since ages, the teacher's role is regarded an important one not only in modeling the personality of child but also in shaping in the society. It is universally accepted truth that the teacher is the maker of a man. A teacher's commitment, concern and devotion really count a lot in enhancing educative process. Quality, commitment, competence and character of teachers are undoubtedly the most significant factors, which make him a reputed person in the society. Teachers form, inform and reform the students. Teachers have to play multi roles i.e. of parents, an entertainer, an authority figure, psychotherapist etc. in addition to his major role of teaching.